Doctor of Juridical Science: Difference between revisions
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A '''Doctor of Juridical Science''' ('''SJD'''; {{ |
A '''Doctor of Juridical Science''' ('''SJD'''; {{Langx|la|Scientiae Juridicae Doctor}}),<ref>{{Cite web |title=S.J.D. Program |url=https://hls.harvard.edu/graduate-program/sjd-program/ |access-date=2022-11-27 |website=Harvard Law School |language=en-us}}</ref> or a '''Doctor of the Science of Law''' ('''JSD'''; {{Langx|la|Juridicae Scientiae Doctor}})<sub>,</sub><ref>{{Cite web |last=School |first=Stanford Law |title=Doctor of Science of Law (JSD) |url=https://law.stanford.edu/education/degrees/advanced-degree-programs/doctor-of-science-of-law-jsd/ |access-date=2022-11-27 |website=Stanford Law School |language=en}}</ref> is a [[research doctorate]] degree in [[law]] that is equivalent to the [[Doctor of Philosophy]] degree.<ref>{{cite web |date=20 August 2011 |title=Doctor of Juridical Science – Legal Definition |url=http://www.yourdictionary.com/law/doctor-of-juridical-science |access-date=18 October 2011 |publisher=Yourdictionary.com |archive-date=14 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100214141958/http://www.yourdictionary.com/law/doctor-of-juridical-science |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.law.unsw.edu.au/future_students/postgraduate/sjd.asp |title=Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.) |access-date=2008-02-11 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080211110810/http://www.law.unsw.edu.au/future_students/postgraduate/sjd.asp |archive-date=11 February 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.law.virginia.edu/html/prospectives/grad/graduate.htm |title=LL.M. and S.J.D. Programs, Graduate Studies in Law |publisher=Law.virginia.edu |access-date=18 October 2011}}</ref> |
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==Australia== |
==Australia== |
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The SJD is offered by the [[Australian National University]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.), ANU College of Law - ANU |url=https://programsandcourses.anu.edu.au/2018/program/9031XSJD |website=programsandcourses.anu.edu.au |publisher=Australian National University |access-date=12 November 2019|location=Canberra, Australia}}</ref> [[Bond University]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Doctor of Legal Science (Research) |url=https://bond.edu.au/program/doctor-legal-science-research |website=bond.edu.au |publisher=Bond University |access-date=12 November 2019 |location=Gold Coast, Australia |language=en-AU |date=5 November 2019}}</ref> [[La Trobe University]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Doctor of Juridical Science |url=https://www.latrobe.edu.au/courses/doctor-of-juridical-science |website=latrobe.edu.au |publisher=La Trobe University |access-date=12 November 2019 |language=en |location=Melbourne, Australia |archive-date=24 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124103902/https://www.latrobe.edu.au/courses/doctor-of-juridical-science |url-status=dead }}</ref> the [[University of Canberra]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Course - University of Canberra |url=https://www.canberra.edu.au/coursesandunits/course?course_cd=384JA&version_number=1&-Government---Law&year=2019 |website=canberra.edu.au |publisher=University of Canberra |access-date=12 November 2019|location=Canberra, Australia}}</ref> the [[University of New South Wales]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Juridical Science (PrDoc) |url=http://legacy.handbook.unsw.edu.au/research/programs/2017/1740.html |website=legacy.handbook.unsw.edu.au |publisher=University of New South Wales |access-date=12 November 2019 |language=en |date=9 March 2017 |
The SJD is offered by the [[Australian National University]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.), ANU College of Law - ANU |url=https://programsandcourses.anu.edu.au/2018/program/9031XSJD |website=programsandcourses.anu.edu.au |publisher=Australian National University |access-date=12 November 2019|location=Canberra, Australia}}</ref> [[Bond University]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Doctor of Legal Science (Research) |url=https://bond.edu.au/program/doctor-legal-science-research |website=bond.edu.au |publisher=Bond University |access-date=12 November 2019 |location=Gold Coast, Australia |language=en-AU |date=5 November 2019}}</ref> [[La Trobe University]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Doctor of Juridical Science |url=https://www.latrobe.edu.au/courses/doctor-of-juridical-science |website=latrobe.edu.au |publisher=La Trobe University |access-date=12 November 2019 |language=en |location=Melbourne, Australia |archive-date=24 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124103902/https://www.latrobe.edu.au/courses/doctor-of-juridical-science |url-status=dead }}</ref> the [[University of Canberra]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Course - University of Canberra |url=https://www.canberra.edu.au/coursesandunits/course?course_cd=384JA&version_number=1&-Government---Law&year=2019 |website=canberra.edu.au |publisher=University of Canberra |access-date=12 November 2019|location=Canberra, Australia}}</ref> the [[University of New South Wales]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Juridical Science (PrDoc) |url=http://legacy.handbook.unsw.edu.au/research/programs/2017/1740.html |website=legacy.handbook.unsw.edu.au |publisher=University of New South Wales |access-date=12 November 2019 |language=en |date=9 March 2017|location=Sydney, Australia}}</ref> the [[University of Technology Sydney]],<ref>{{cite web |title=C02027v5 Doctor of Juridical Science |url=https://cis.uts.edu.au/handbookfiles/courses/c02027.html |website=cis.uts.edu.au |publisher=University of Technology Sydney |access-date=12 November 2019 |language=en|location=Sydney, Australia}}</ref> and the [[University of Western Australia]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Doctor of Juridical Science |url=https://www.uwa.edu.au/study/courses/doctor-of-juridical-science |website=uwa.edu.au |publisher=University of Western Australia |access-date=12 November 2019 |location=Perth, Australia |language=en |date=7 November 2019}}</ref> |
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The SJD is no longer offered at Sydney Law School and currently only offers a Doctor of Philosophy (Law).<ref>{{url= https://www.sydney.edu.au/courses/courses/pr/master-of-laws-research.html</ref> |
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==Canada== |
==Canada== |
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==United States== |
==United States== |
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The JSD, or SJD, is a research doctorate, and as such, in contrast to the [[Juris Doctor|JD]], it is |
The JSD, or SJD, is a research doctorate, and as such, in contrast to the [[Juris Doctor|JD]], it is equivalent to the more commonly awarded [[research doctorate]], the PhD.<ref>[http://www.ed.gov/international/usnei/us/doctorate.doc Doctorate document]{{dead link|date=October 2011}} at US Dept. of Education</ref> It is the most advanced law degree. |
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Applicants for the program must have outstanding academic credentials.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://law.duke.edu/internat/sjd/ |title=S.J.D. Degree |publisher=law.duke.edu|access-date=26 March 2018}}</ref> A professional degree in law (such as a [[Juris Doctor|JD]]) is required, as well as an [[LL.M.|LLM]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.law.gwu.edu/ACADEMICS/DEGREES/Pages/sjd.aspx |title=Doctor of Juridical Science Degree |publisher=Law.gwu.edu |access-date=18 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111105143245/http://www.law.gwu.edu/Academics/degrees/Pages/sjd.aspx |archive-date=5 November 2011}}</ref> Exceptions as to the latter condition (i.e., holding an LLM) are seldom—if ever—granted.<ref name="georgetown1">{{cite web|url=http://www.law.georgetown.edu/graduate/sjd_general.html |title=Georgetown Law – Doctor of Juridical Science (Admissions) |publisher=Law.georgetown.edu |date=21 September 2011 |access-date=18 October 2011}}</ref> |
Applicants for the program must have outstanding academic credentials.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://law.duke.edu/internat/sjd/ |title=S.J.D. Degree |publisher=law.duke.edu|access-date=26 March 2018}}</ref> A professional degree in law (such as a [[Juris Doctor|JD]]) is required, as well as an [[LL.M.|LLM]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.law.gwu.edu/ACADEMICS/DEGREES/Pages/sjd.aspx |title=Doctor of Juridical Science Degree |publisher=Law.gwu.edu |access-date=18 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111105143245/http://www.law.gwu.edu/Academics/degrees/Pages/sjd.aspx |archive-date=5 November 2011}}</ref> Exceptions as to the latter condition (i.e., holding an LLM) are seldom—if ever—granted.<ref name="georgetown1">{{cite web|url=http://www.law.georgetown.edu/graduate/sjd_general.html |title=Georgetown Law – Doctor of Juridical Science (Admissions) |publisher=Law.georgetown.edu |date=21 September 2011 |access-date=18 October 2011}}</ref> |
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* [[Dionysia-Theodora Avgerinopoulou]] (Columbia, 2011), member of the [[Hellenic Parliament]] |
* [[Dionysia-Theodora Avgerinopoulou]] (Columbia, 2011), member of the [[Hellenic Parliament]] |
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* [[Christos Rozakis]] (University of Illinois, 1973) (President of the Administrative Tribunal of the Council of Europe and former vice-president of the European Court of Human Rights) |
* [[Christos Rozakis]] (University of Illinois, 1973) (President of the Administrative Tribunal of the Council of Europe and former vice-president of the European Court of Human Rights) |
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* [[Ma Ying-jeou]] (Harvard, 1980), President of the Republic of China |
* [[Ma Ying-jeou]] (Harvard, 1980), former President of the Republic of China (Taiwan) |
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* [[Theodor Meron]] (Harvard), professor of law (New York University School of Law) and president of the [[International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia]] |
* [[Theodor Meron]] (Harvard), professor of law (New York University School of Law) and president of the [[International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia]] |
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* [[Daniel Boorstin]] (Yale 1940), American historian |
* [[Daniel Boorstin]] (Yale, 1940), American historian |
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* [[Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud]] (Harvard, 1986), The Justice of the [[Supreme Court of India]] |
* [[Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud]] (Harvard, 1986), The Chief Justice of the [[Supreme Court of India]] |
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* [[Katherine Franke]] (Yale Law School, 1998), Sulzbacher Professor of Law, Gender, and Sexuality Studies, Columbia University; Director, Center for Gender and Sexuality Law at Columbia Law School; Faculty Director, The Law, Rights, and Religion Project at Columbia Law School<ref name="columbia2">{{cite web|url=http://www.law.columbia.edu/fac/Katherine_Franke|publisher=law.columbia.edu|title=Katherine Franke | Faculty | Columbia Law School|access-date=2 September 2016}}</ref> |
* [[Katherine Franke]] (Yale Law School, 1998), Sulzbacher Professor of Law, Gender, and Sexuality Studies, Columbia University; Director, Center for Gender and Sexuality Law at Columbia Law School; Faculty Director, The Law, Rights, and Religion Project at Columbia Law School<ref name="columbia2">{{cite web|url=http://www.law.columbia.edu/fac/Katherine_Franke|publisher=law.columbia.edu|title=Katherine Franke | Faculty | Columbia Law School|access-date=2 September 2016}}</ref> |
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* [[Lucian Bebchuk]] (Harvard, 1984), William J. Friedman and Alicia Townsend Friedman Professor of Law, Economics, and Finance Director, Program on Corporate Governance, Harvard Law School.<ref name="harvard">{{cite web|url=http://hls.harvard.edu/faculty/directory/10058/Bebchuk|author=Harvard Law School|publisher=hls.harvard.edu|title=Lucian A. Bebchuk | Harvard Law School|access-date=2 September 2016}}</ref> |
* [[Lucian Bebchuk]] (Harvard, 1984), William J. Friedman and Alicia Townsend Friedman Professor of Law, Economics, and Finance Director, Program on Corporate Governance, Harvard Law School.<ref name="harvard">{{cite web|url=http://hls.harvard.edu/faculty/directory/10058/Bebchuk|author=Harvard Law School|publisher=hls.harvard.edu|title=Lucian A. Bebchuk | Harvard Law School|access-date=2 September 2016}}</ref> |
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Latest revision as of 00:27, 7 December 2024
A Doctor of Juridical Science (SJD; Latin: Scientiae Juridicae Doctor),[1] or a Doctor of the Science of Law (JSD; Latin: Juridicae Scientiae Doctor),[2] is a research doctorate degree in law that is equivalent to the Doctor of Philosophy degree.[3][4][5]
Australia
[edit]The SJD is offered by the Australian National University,[6] Bond University,[7] La Trobe University,[8] the University of Canberra,[9] the University of New South Wales,[10] the University of Technology Sydney,[11] and the University of Western Australia.[12]
The SJD is no longer offered at Sydney Law School and currently only offers a Doctor of Philosophy (Law).[13]
Canada
[edit]In Canada, the JSD or SJD is only offered at University of Toronto Faculty of Law. Other law schools in Canada still offer a PhD in law as the terminal degree.
Italy
[edit]In Italy, the title of Doctor of Juridical Science (dottore in scienze giuridiche) is awarded to holders of a Degree in Juridical Sciences (laurea in scienze giuridiche, EQF level 6), while Magistral Doctor of Juridical Sciences (dottore magistrale in scienze giuridiche) is awarded to holders of a Magistral Degree in Juridical Sciences (laurea magistrale in scienze giuridiche, EQF level 7).
Instead, the terminal degree for law, is the research doctorate (PhD, dottorato di ricerca), awarding the title of Research Doctor (dottore di ricerca).
United States
[edit]The JSD, or SJD, is a research doctorate, and as such, in contrast to the JD, it is equivalent to the more commonly awarded research doctorate, the PhD.[14] It is the most advanced law degree.
Applicants for the program must have outstanding academic credentials.[15] A professional degree in law (such as a JD) is required, as well as an LLM.[16] Exceptions as to the latter condition (i.e., holding an LLM) are seldom—if ever—granted.[17]
The JSD/SJD typically requires three to five years to complete.[17][18] The program begins with a combination of required and elective coursework. Then, upon passage of the oral exam, the student advances to doctoral candidacy. Completion of the program requires a dissertation, which serves as an original contribution to the scholarly field of law.[19]
The JSD/SJD is rarely earned by American scholars. The American Bar Association considers the JD a sufficient academic credential for the instruction of the law. This has been adopted by virtually all American law schools, though outstanding academic performance and an extensive record of legal publications are usually required for tenure-track employment at most universities. Most scholars who complete the JSD/SJD at American universities are either international students seeking academic employment in their home countries (where a research doctorate may be required) or American scholars already employed, and who wish to further their legal education at the highest level.
Notable recipients of the degree of Doctor of Juridical Science include:
- Erwin Griswold (Harvard, 1929), United States Solicitor General
- Mastin Gentry White (Harvard, 1933), Judge on the United States Court of Federal Claims
- Francis Mading Deng (Yale, 1968), South Sudanese diplomat
- Sang-Hyun Song (Cornell Law School, 1970), President of the International Criminal Court (ICC)
- Lobsang Sangay (Harvard, 2004), former President of the Central Tibetan Administration and professor of law at Harvard University
- Charles Hamilton Houston (Harvard, 1923), prominent civil rights attorney[20]
- Pauli Murray (Yale, 1965), prominent civil rights advocate[21]
- Ayala Procaccia (University of Pennsylvania, 1972), Israel Supreme Court Justice
- Edward H. Levi (Yale, 1938) President of University of Chicago, US Attorney General
- Dionysia-Theodora Avgerinopoulou (Columbia, 2011), member of the Hellenic Parliament
- Christos Rozakis (University of Illinois, 1973) (President of the Administrative Tribunal of the Council of Europe and former vice-president of the European Court of Human Rights)
- Ma Ying-jeou (Harvard, 1980), former President of the Republic of China (Taiwan)
- Theodor Meron (Harvard), professor of law (New York University School of Law) and president of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia
- Daniel Boorstin (Yale, 1940), American historian
- Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud (Harvard, 1986), The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of India
- Katherine Franke (Yale Law School, 1998), Sulzbacher Professor of Law, Gender, and Sexuality Studies, Columbia University; Director, Center for Gender and Sexuality Law at Columbia Law School; Faculty Director, The Law, Rights, and Religion Project at Columbia Law School[22]
- Lucian Bebchuk (Harvard, 1984), William J. Friedman and Alicia Townsend Friedman Professor of Law, Economics, and Finance Director, Program on Corporate Governance, Harvard Law School.[23]
- Xue Hanqin (Columbia, 1995), U.N. International Court of Justice judge
See also
[edit]- Doctor of Law
- Legum Doctor (Doctor of Laws; LLD)
- Juris Doctor (JD)
- Master of Laws (LLM)
- Bachelor of Laws (LLB)
- Doctor of Canon Law, Catholic Church (JCD)
Notes and references
[edit]- ^ "S.J.D. Program". Harvard Law School. Retrieved 27 November 2022.
- ^ School, Stanford Law. "Doctor of Science of Law (JSD)". Stanford Law School. Retrieved 27 November 2022.
- ^ "Doctor of Juridical Science – Legal Definition". Yourdictionary.com. 20 August 2011. Archived from the original on 14 February 2010. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
- ^ "Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.)". Archived from the original on 11 February 2008. Retrieved 11 February 2008.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ "LL.M. and S.J.D. Programs, Graduate Studies in Law". Law.virginia.edu. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
- ^ "Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.), ANU College of Law - ANU". programsandcourses.anu.edu.au. Canberra, Australia: Australian National University. Retrieved 12 November 2019.
- ^ "Doctor of Legal Science (Research)". bond.edu.au. Gold Coast, Australia: Bond University. 5 November 2019. Retrieved 12 November 2019.
- ^ "Doctor of Juridical Science". latrobe.edu.au. Melbourne, Australia: La Trobe University. Archived from the original on 24 January 2021. Retrieved 12 November 2019.
- ^ "Course - University of Canberra". canberra.edu.au. Canberra, Australia: University of Canberra. Retrieved 12 November 2019.
- ^ "Juridical Science (PrDoc)". legacy.handbook.unsw.edu.au. Sydney, Australia: University of New South Wales. 9 March 2017. Retrieved 12 November 2019.
- ^ "C02027v5 Doctor of Juridical Science". cis.uts.edu.au. Sydney, Australia: University of Technology Sydney. Retrieved 12 November 2019.
- ^ "Doctor of Juridical Science". uwa.edu.au. Perth, Australia: University of Western Australia. 7 November 2019. Retrieved 12 November 2019.
- ^ {{url= https://www.sydney.edu.au/courses/courses/pr/master-of-laws-research.html
- ^ Doctorate document[dead link] at US Dept. of Education
- ^ "S.J.D. Degree". law.duke.edu. Retrieved 26 March 2018.
- ^ "Doctor of Juridical Science Degree". Law.gwu.edu. Archived from the original on 5 November 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
- ^ a b "Georgetown Law – Doctor of Juridical Science (Admissions)". Law.georgetown.edu. 21 September 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
- ^ "Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.) Requirements". Law.duke.edu. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
- ^ "Tulane Law School Prospective Students". Law.tulane.edu. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
- ^ Houston, Charles Hamilton (2012). Charles H. Houston: an interdisciplinary study of civil rights leadership. Lanham [Md.]: Lexington Books. p. 5. ISBN 9780739143582.
- ^ Yardley, Jonathan (7 May 1987). "A Woman's Triumphs in a Fight for Justice". Newsday. Archived from the original on 16 June 2013. Retrieved 30 March 2010.
- ^ "Katherine Franke | Faculty | Columbia Law School". law.columbia.edu. Retrieved 2 September 2016.
- ^ Harvard Law School. "Lucian A. Bebchuk | Harvard Law School". hls.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2 September 2016.