Cowburn Tunnel: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
better stub template |
m Bot: Aligning section names with MOS:SECTIONS |
||
| (45 intermediate revisions by 22 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|Railway tunnel on the Hope Valley Line in England}} |
|||
{{Unreferenced stub|auto=yes|date=December 2009}} |
|||
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}} |
|||
[[Image:CowburnTunnelAirshaft.JPG|thumb|Airshaft, Colborne]] |
|||
{{EngvarB|date=October 2021}} |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
{{Infobox tunnel |
|||
The '''Cowburn Tunnel''' is a railway tunnel at the western end of the Vale of [[Edale]] in the [[Derbyshire]] [[Peak District]] of [[England]]. |
|||
| name = Cowburn Tunnel |
|||
| image = Western portal, Cowburn Tunnel.jpg |
|||
| image_size = 265px |
|||
| alt = |
|||
| caption = Western portal |
|||
| official_name = |
|||
| other_name = |
|||
| line = [[Hope Valley Line]] |
|||
| location = [[Edale]], Derbyshire |
|||
| coordinates = {{coord|53|21|07|N|1|52|00|W|type:landmark_region:GB|display=title,inline}} |
|||
| os_grid_ref = |
|||
| status = |
|||
| system = |
|||
| crosses = |
|||
| start = |
|||
| end = |
|||
| stations = |
|||
| startwork = October 1888 |
|||
| opened = March 1893 |
|||
| closed = <!-- or |closes for future dates --> |
|||
| rebuilt = |
|||
| reopened = <!-- or |reopens for future dates --> |
|||
| owner = [[Network Rail]] |
|||
| operator = |
|||
| traffic = |
|||
| character = |
|||
| engineer = |
|||
| construction = |
|||
| length = {{convert|3702|yd|km mi}} |
|||
| linelength = |
|||
| tracklength = |
|||
| notrack = |
|||
| gauge = |
|||
| el = |
|||
| speed = |
|||
| hielevation = |
|||
| lowelevation = |
|||
| height = |
|||
| width = |
|||
| depth_below_water = |
|||
| shipping_clearance_above = |
|||
| grade = |
|||
| map = [[File:Cowburn Tunnel within Peak District.svg|250px]] |
|||
| extra = Location of the tunnel within the Peak District |
|||
}} |
|||
The '''Cowburn Tunnel''' is a [[railway tunnel]] at the western end of the [[Vale of Edale]] in the [[Derbyshire]] [[Peak District]] of England. The tunnel is {{Convert|3702|yd|m|0}} long. It is the deepest railway tunnel in England, at 875 feet (267 m).<ref>{{Cite tweet |user=nationalrailenq |number=946999633217245184 |title=Cowburn Tunnel is the deepest railway tunnel in England at 875ft below the surface.}}</ref> |
|||
==History== |
|||
The tunnel is {{Convert|3702|yd|m|0}} long. It was built in 1891 by the [[Midland Railway]], under Colborne (part of a {{Convert|1700|ft|m|0|abbr=on|disp=s}} moorland between [[Kinder Scout]] and [[Mam Tor|Rushup Edge]]). It takes the [[Hope Valley Line]] west out of Edale valley, to emerge near [[Chinley]]. |
|||
===Construction=== |
|||
The [[Midland Railway]] began work on the [[Hope Valley line]] between Sheffield and Manchester in 1888.{{sfn|Joy|1984|p=267}} The tunnel was engineered underneath Colborne, part of a {{Convert|1700|ft|m|0|adj=on}} moorland between [[Kinder Scout]] and [[Rushup Edge]]. The Midland awarded the tunnel contract to J.P. Edwards of Nottingham.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=The Dore and Chinley Railway. |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000228/18881020/067/0008 |newspaper=Derby Mercury |location=England |date=29 August 1888 |access-date=29 October 2017 |via=British Newspaper Archive |url-access=subscription }}</ref> Construction work started in October 1888 when a ventilation shaft was sunk in Cartledge Meadow near Edale.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=The Dore and Chinley Railway. |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000228/18881020/067/0008 |newspaper=Derbyshire Times and Chesterfield Herald |location=England |date=20 October 1888 |access-date=29 October 2017 |via=British Newspaper Archive |url-access=subscription }}</ref> Tunnelling also started at the other end near Chapel-en-le-Frith and the breakthrough between the two sections was made on 18 July 1891.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Dore and Chinley Railway. Important Progress |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000181/18910720/016/0004 |
|||
|newspaper=Sheffield Independent |location=England |date=20 July 1891 |access-date=29 October 2017 |via=British Newspaper Archive |url-access=subscription }}</ref> The lining out of the tunnel and laying of the rails was completed by March 1893, when the workmen were dispersed.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=The Dore and Chinley Railway. |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000228/18930315/003/0003 |newspaper=Derbyshire Times and Chesterfield Herald |location=England |date=15 March 1893 |access-date=29 October 2017 |via=British Newspaper Archive |url-access=subscription }}</ref> |
|||
A single ventilation shaft, accessible via the moorland north-west of [[Mam Tor]], is {{convert|791|ft}} deep, making it one of the deepest railway ventilation shafts in the country. The shaft was constructed in 1894 over the course of two years. Men lived on the rough exposed moorlands to dig the shafts without any modern machinery and were lowered into the shaft using a winch mechanism. 102 men worked eight-hour shifts day and night to excavate, mason and brick the shaft. It was eventually completed on 16 March 1896. Currently the shaft remains open, but protected by a large brick enclosure (pictured).<ref>{{cite book |title=The Hope Valley Line Dore to Chinley: Volume One From the Dawn of the Railways to the End of the Grouping in 1947 |first=Ted |last=Hancock |date=2019 |publisher=Pynot Publishing |isbn=978-0956270696 |page=153}}</ref> |
|||
| ⚫ | Unusually, the tunnel is not built at a constant gradient: in fact, the summit of the line between [[Dore]] and Chinley lies within the tunnel, about a quarter of the way from the eastern end. |
||
Although the workings were relatively dry for tunnel builders at the time, on one occasion the headings filled with water to a depth of {{Convert|90|ft|m|1|abbr=on}}.{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}} |
|||
{{Coord|53.35200|-1.86680|display=title|format=dms}} |
|||
===Maintenance=== |
|||
Repairs to the ventilation shaft were carried out in August to September 2021 by [[Network Rail]], with an investment of around £800,000. The work involved installation of a system of drainage pipes inside the shaft to collect rainwater which seeps through its brickwork from the soil, which had been cascading onto the railway below. The new system diverts water to drains inside the tunnel itself. To avoid disrupting rail traffic, helicopters were used to airlift equipment to build a temporary platform to lower engineers inside the shaft similarly to the original constructors.<ref name="ball">{{cite news |last1=Ball |first1=Lucy |title=Helicopters brought in to help with Peak District railway tunnel repairs in rare move |url=https://www.buxtonadvertiser.co.uk/news/transport/helicopters-brought-in-to-help-with-peak-district-railway-tunnel-repairs-in-rare-move-3412901 |access-date=20 October 2021 |work=www.buxtonadvertiser.co.uk |date=8 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008184730/https://www.buxtonadvertiser.co.uk/news/transport/helicopters-brought-in-to-help-with-peak-district-railway-tunnel-repairs-in-rare-move-3412901 |archive-date=8 October 2021 |language=en}}</ref> |
|||
==Description== |
|||
Cowburn Tunnel takes the [[Hope Valley Line]] west out of Edale valley, to emerge near [[Chapel Milton]], {{convert|4|km|order=flip}} east of [[Chinley railway station]].<ref>{{cite map |publisher=Ordnance Survey |title=OL1 Dark Peak area |url= |scale=1:25000 |series=Explorer }}</ref> |
|||
| ⚫ | Unusually, the tunnel is not built at a constant gradient: in fact, the summit of the line between [[Dore, South Yorkshire|Dore]] and Chinley lies within the tunnel, about a quarter of the way from the eastern end. From the summit, the tunnel falls at 1 in 100 (1%) eastwards and 1 in 150 (0.67%) westwards. Nevertheless, when the headings met, they were no more than {{Convert|1|in|mm|1}} out of line in the vertical direction, and met exactly in the horizontal direction. Only one vertical shaft was used.{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}} |
||
==Gallery== |
|||
<gallery> |
|||
File:Cowburn Tunnel.JPG|The eastern portal, from Barber Booth |
|||
File:Western portal, Cowburn tunnel.jpg|The western portal, near Malcoff |
|||
File:Cowburn Tunnel ventilation shaft (geograph 4085785).jpg|Airshaft, Colborne |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
</gallery> |
|||
==References== |
|||
{{commons category}} |
|||
{{reflist}} |
|||
== Further reading == |
|||
*{{cite book|last=Joy|first=David|title=A Regional History of the Railways of Great Britain, Volume 8: South and West Yorkshire|year=1984|publisher=David & Charles|location=Newton Abbot|isbn=0-946537-11-9|edition=2}} |
|||
[[Category:Peak District]] |
[[Category:Peak District]] |
||
| Line 14: | Line 86: | ||
[[Category:Rail transport in Derbyshire]] |
[[Category:Rail transport in Derbyshire]] |
||
[[Category:Tunnels in Derbyshire]] |
[[Category:Tunnels in Derbyshire]] |
||
[[Category:Tunnels completed in |
[[Category:Tunnels completed in 1893]] |
||
[[Category:Midland Railway]] |
[[Category:Midland Railway]] |
||
[[Category:1893 establishments in England]] |
|||
{{England-rail-transport-stub}} |
|||
Latest revision as of 01:45, 6 December 2024
 Western portal | |
| Overview | |
|---|---|
| Line | Hope Valley Line |
| Location | Edale, Derbyshire |
| Coordinates | 53°21′07″N 1°52′00″W / 53.35194°N 1.86667°W |
| Operation | |
| Work begun | October 1888 |
| Opened | March 1893 |
| Owner | Network Rail |
| Technical | |
| Length | 3,702 yards (3.385 km; 2.103 mi) |
| Route map | |
 | |
| Location of the tunnel within the Peak District | |
The Cowburn Tunnel is a railway tunnel at the western end of the Vale of Edale in the Derbyshire Peak District of England. The tunnel is 3,702 yards (3,385 m) long. It is the deepest railway tunnel in England, at 875 feet (267 m).[1]
History
[edit]Construction
[edit]The Midland Railway began work on the Hope Valley line between Sheffield and Manchester in 1888.[2] The tunnel was engineered underneath Colborne, part of a 1,700-foot (518 m) moorland between Kinder Scout and Rushup Edge. The Midland awarded the tunnel contract to J.P. Edwards of Nottingham.[3] Construction work started in October 1888 when a ventilation shaft was sunk in Cartledge Meadow near Edale.[4] Tunnelling also started at the other end near Chapel-en-le-Frith and the breakthrough between the two sections was made on 18 July 1891.[5] The lining out of the tunnel and laying of the rails was completed by March 1893, when the workmen were dispersed.[6]
A single ventilation shaft, accessible via the moorland north-west of Mam Tor, is 791 feet (241 m) deep, making it one of the deepest railway ventilation shafts in the country. The shaft was constructed in 1894 over the course of two years. Men lived on the rough exposed moorlands to dig the shafts without any modern machinery and were lowered into the shaft using a winch mechanism. 102 men worked eight-hour shifts day and night to excavate, mason and brick the shaft. It was eventually completed on 16 March 1896. Currently the shaft remains open, but protected by a large brick enclosure (pictured).[7]
Although the workings were relatively dry for tunnel builders at the time, on one occasion the headings filled with water to a depth of 90 ft (27.4 m).[citation needed]
Maintenance
[edit]Repairs to the ventilation shaft were carried out in August to September 2021 by Network Rail, with an investment of around £800,000. The work involved installation of a system of drainage pipes inside the shaft to collect rainwater which seeps through its brickwork from the soil, which had been cascading onto the railway below. The new system diverts water to drains inside the tunnel itself. To avoid disrupting rail traffic, helicopters were used to airlift equipment to build a temporary platform to lower engineers inside the shaft similarly to the original constructors.[8]
Description
[edit]Cowburn Tunnel takes the Hope Valley Line west out of Edale valley, to emerge near Chapel Milton, 2.5 miles (4 km) east of Chinley railway station.[9]
Unusually, the tunnel is not built at a constant gradient: in fact, the summit of the line between Dore and Chinley lies within the tunnel, about a quarter of the way from the eastern end. From the summit, the tunnel falls at 1 in 100 (1%) eastwards and 1 in 150 (0.67%) westwards. Nevertheless, when the headings met, they were no more than 1 inch (25.4 mm) out of line in the vertical direction, and met exactly in the horizontal direction. Only one vertical shaft was used.[citation needed]
Gallery
[edit]-
The eastern portal, from Barber Booth -
The western portal, near Malcoff -
Airshaft, Colborne -
In this picture, taken from Edale station, the eastern portal is seen beyond the departing Manchester-bound train. The route is still semaphore-signalled between Totley Tunnel East and Chinley signal boxes.
.jpg)
.JPG)
References
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cowburn Tunnel.
- ^ @nationalrailenq (30 December 2017). "Cowburn Tunnel is the deepest railway tunnel in England at 875ft below the surface" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- ^ Joy 1984, p. 267.
- ^ "The Dore and Chinley Railway". Derby Mercury. England. 29 August 1888. Retrieved 29 October 2017 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ "The Dore and Chinley Railway". Derbyshire Times and Chesterfield Herald. England. 20 October 1888. Retrieved 29 October 2017 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ "Dore and Chinley Railway. Important Progress". Sheffield Independent. England. 20 July 1891. Retrieved 29 October 2017 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ "The Dore and Chinley Railway". Derbyshire Times and Chesterfield Herald. England. 15 March 1893. Retrieved 29 October 2017 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ Hancock, Ted (2019). The Hope Valley Line Dore to Chinley: Volume One From the Dawn of the Railways to the End of the Grouping in 1947. Pynot Publishing. p. 153. ISBN 978-0956270696.
- ^ Ball, Lucy (8 October 2021). "Helicopters brought in to help with Peak District railway tunnel repairs in rare move". www.buxtonadvertiser.co.uk. Archived from the original on 8 October 2021. Retrieved 20 October 2021.
- ^ OL1 Dark Peak area (Map). 1:25000. Explorer. Ordnance Survey.
Further reading
[edit]- Joy, David (1984). A Regional History of the Railways of Great Britain, Volume 8: South and West Yorkshire (2 ed.). Newton Abbot: David & Charles. ISBN 0-946537-11-9.