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{{short description|Free and open source software microblogging service}}
{{short description|Microblogging social networking service}}
{{Infobox software
{{Infobox software
| name = GNU social
| name = GNU social
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| caption = Screenshot of a GNU social website with Swedish localization.
| caption = Screenshot of a GNU social website with Swedish localization.
| author = [[Evan Prodromou]] et al.
| author = [[Evan Prodromou]] et al.
| developer = Diogo Cordeiro and [https://notabug.org/diogo/gnu-social/src/nightly/CREDITS.md GNU social Developers]
| developer = Diogo Cordeiro and [https://codeberg.org/GNUsocial/gnu-social/src/nightly/CREDITS.md GNU social Developers]
| released =
| released =
| discontinued = yes
| latest release version = {{wikidata|property|preferred|references|edit|Q20204906|P348|P548=Q2804309}}
| latest release version = {{wikidata|property|preferred|references|edit|Q20204906|P348|P548=Q2804309}}
| latest release date = {{wikidata|qualifier|preferred|single|Q20204906|P348|P548=Q2804309|P577}}
| latest release date = {{wikidata|qualifier|preferred|single|Q20204906|P348|P548=Q2804309|P577}}
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| operating system = [[Cross-platform]]
| operating system = [[Cross-platform]]
| platform =
| platform =
| language = More than 25 languages.<ref>{{cite web |title = Translating:GNU social localization |url = https://www.transifex.com/projects/p/gnu-social/ |access-date=2015-02-08}}</ref>
| language = More than 25 languages<ref>{{cite web |title = Translating:GNU social localization |url = https://www.transifex.com/projects/p/gnu-social/ |access-date=2015-02-08}}</ref>
| programming language = [[PHP]]
| programming language = [[PHP]]
| genre = [[Web application framework]]
| genre = [[Social networking service]]
| license = [[GNU Affero General Public License|AGPL-3.0-or-later]]<ref>{{cite web|title=README file |url=http://gitorious.org/social/mainline/blobs/master/README |archive-url=https://archive.today/20141103182905/http://gitorious.org/social/mainline/blobs/master/README |url-status=dead |archive-date=2014-11-03 |quote=...under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. |access-date=2015-02-09 }}</ref>
| license = [[GNU Affero General Public License|AGPL-3.0-or-later]]<ref>{{cite web|title=README file |url=http://gitorious.org/social/mainline/blobs/master/README |archive-url=https://archive.today/20141103182905/http://gitorious.org/social/mainline/blobs/master/README |url-status=dead |archive-date=2014-11-03 |quote=...under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. |access-date=2015-02-09 }}</ref>
| website = {{url|https://gnusocial.network}}
| website = {{URL|https://gnusocial.network}}
}}
}}
'''GNU social''' (previously known as '''StatusNet''' and once known as '''Laconica'''<ref name=laconica-is-now-statusnet>Laconica is now StatusNet {{cite web |url=http://status.net/2009/08/28/laconica-is-now-statusnet/ |title=Laconica is now StatusNet « StatusNet – Open Source microblogging service |access-date=2009-08-31 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831073527/http://status.net/2009/08/28/laconica-is-now-statusnet/ |archive-date=2009-08-31 }}, retrieved 2009-10-04</ref>) is a [[free and open source software]] [[microblogging]] server written in [[PHP]] that implements the [[OStatus]] standard for [[Interoperability|interoperation]] between installations. While offering functionality similar to [[Twitter]], GNU social seeks to provide the potential for open, inter-service, and distributed communications between microblogging communities. Enterprises and individuals can install and control their own services and data.<ref name="cn20081006totwoss">[[Daniel Terdiman|Terdiman, Daniel]] (2008-10-6) [http://news.cnet.com/8301-13772_3-10058946-52.html Taking on Twitter with open-source software] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120826210714/http://news.cnet.com/8301-13772_3-10058946-52.html |date=2012-08-26 }}, CNet. Retrieved 2009-1-3.</ref><ref name="opnmdca080828">Bastien, Malcolm (2008-8-28) [http://openmode.ca/2008/08/why-laconica-means-big-things-for-corporate-micro-blogging/ Why Laconica Means Big Things For Corporate Micro Blogging] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090125091407/http://openmode.ca/2008/08/why-laconica-means-big-things-for-corporate-micro-blogging/ |date=2009-01-25 }}. Retrieved 2009-1-3.</ref>
'''GNU social''' (and its predecessor '''StatusNet''') is a [[Free and open-source software|free and open-source]] [[microblogging]] [[social networking service]] that implements the [[OStatus]] and [[ActivityPub]] standards for [[interoperability]] between installations. While offering similar functionality to social networks such as [[Twitter]], GNU social seeks to provide the ability for open and [[Federation (information technology)|federated]] communication between different microblogging communities, known as 'instances'. Both enterprises and individuals can install and control their own instances and user data.<ref name="cn20081006totwoss">{{Cite web |last=Terdiman |first=Daniel |date=2008-10-06 |title=Taking on Twitter with open-source software |url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/taking-on-twitter-with-open-source-software/ |url-status= |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=CNET |language=en}}</ref><ref name="opnmdca080828">Bastien, Malcolm (2008-8-28) [http://openmode.ca/2008/08/why-laconica-means-big-things-for-corporate-micro-blogging/ Why Laconica Means Big Things For Corporate Micro Blogging] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090125091407/http://openmode.ca/2008/08/why-laconica-means-big-things-for-corporate-micro-blogging/ |date=2009-01-25 }}. Retrieved 2009-1-3.</ref>


At its peak in popularity, GNU social had been deployed on hundreds of interconnected instances,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-02-20 |title=List of Independent GNU social Instances - I ask questions |url=http://skilledtests.com/wiki/List_of_Independent_GNU_social_Instances |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170220220116/http://skilledtests.com/wiki/List_of_Independent_GNU_social_Instances |archive-date=2017-02-20 |access-date=2024-04-04}}</ref> however has since fallen into disuse as competing software like [[Mastodon (social network)|Mastodon]] and [[Pleroma (software)|Pleroma]] have taken its position as the dominant federated microblogging services. Later on in its lifespan, the project split into two separate [[Branching (version control)|branches]], with "v2" being a continuation of the original codebase for maintenance of existing instances, with "v3" being a complete redesign of the project meant to integrate further ActivityPub support and modernization of the user experience and its technological back-end. As of August 15, 2022, there had been no new commits to the v2 branch,<ref>{{Cite web |last=diogo |title=diogo/gnu-social |url=https://notabug.org/diogo/gnu-social |access-date=2024-04-04 |website=notabug.org}}</ref> with the v3 branch also no longer being actively developed not long after by November 25, 2022,<ref>{{Cite web |last=GNUsocial |title=gnu-social |url=https://codeberg.org/GNUsocial/gnu-social |access-date=2024-04-04 |website=Codeberg.org |language=en-US}}</ref> with the project essentially abandoned.
GNU social has been deployed on hundreds of interoperating servers.<ref name="List of Independent GNU social Instances">{{cite web|url=http://skilledtests.com/wiki/List_of_Independent_GNU_social_Instances |title=skilledtests.com |publisher=skilledtests.com |access-date=2018-10-03}}</ref>

Despite its modern obsolescence and dated design compared to modern platforms, GNU social and StatusNet is regarded to be the origin of the [[Fediverse]] network and has had a major influence on the design of more modern [[Distributed social network|decentralized social networks]] that succeeded it.


== History ==
== History ==


While being the main project within its lineage, GNU social originally began as a [[Fork (software development)|fork]] of StatusNet. The software was first developed for a service called [[identi.ca]] from [[Evan Prodromou]], which offered free microblogging accounts to the public. The software quickly became one of the first popular examples of a [[Distributed social network|decentralized social network]], as identi.ca allowed any other server that was running the software to communicate with it, something which had not previously been attempted before in [[social media]] at such a large scale.
GNU social was spun out of the [[GNU FM]] project. The founder was Matt Lee and the early developers were fellow [[Free Software Foundation|FSF]] employees, Donald Robertson and Deborah Nicholson.
[[File:StatusNet-zh_CN.png|thumb|The original StatusNet [[user interface]]]]


⚫
=== StatusNet ===
StatusNet deployment based on the formerly known as Laconica was the [[Identi.ca]] open-microblogging service. Hosted by original StatusNet creators StatusNet Inc., Identi.ca offered free accounts to the public and serves as the co-flagship (along with freelish.us) for the installable version of StatusNet. The site has migrated to [[pump.io]].
{{Further information|Identi.ca}}
Originally, StatusNet (named Laconica at the time) was launched with a [[communication protocol]] designed specifically for the project called [[OpenMicroBlogging]] (OMB).<ref>{{cite web |date=2013-06-08 |title=GNU social |url=https://www.gnu.org/software/social/merge.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130822051013/https://www.gnu.org/software/social/merge.html |archive-date=2013-08-22 |access-date=2024-04-04}}</ref> With version 0.8.1, the name of the software was changed to StatusNet.<ref name="StatusNet081WikiPageAug282009">StatusNet 0.8.1 (2009-8-28) {{cite web |title=StatusNet 0.8.1 - StatusNet |url=http://status.net/wiki/StatusNet_0.8.1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130112041805/http://status.net/wiki/StatusNet_0.8.1 |archive-date=2013-01-12 |access-date=2013-01-12}}, StatusNet Wiki Retrieved 2009-8-29.</ref> Version 0.9.0 was released soon after in March 3, 2010, with the developers implementing a newly designed protocol dubbed [[OStatus]], with support for OMB being dropped not long after. Compared to OpenMicroBlogging, OStatus could handle and federate more events and actions than the basic plaintext communication that OMB provided and was based on a variety of other web technologies, allowing for easier adoption of new implementations of the protocol for servers and clients compared to the fully custom architecture of OMB.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-12-26 |title=Understanding OStatus {{!}} StatusNet |url=http://status.net/2010/03/07/understanding-ostatus |access-date=2024-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111226233854/http://status.net/2010/03/07/understanding-ostatus |archive-date=2011-12-26 }}</ref>


With the StatusNet name change, the company developing both the software and OStatus as well as managing identi.ca rebranded from Control Yourself to StatusNet Inc. In August 2010, the company raised a new round of [[venture capital]] funds to establish a hosting service under the status.net domain from sources such as [[FirstMark Capital|First Mark Capital]], BOLDstart Ventures, iNovia Capital and Montreal Start Up, raising over $2.3 million in funding up to that point.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Finley |first=Klint |date=2010-08-03 |title=StatusNet Raises $2.3 Million for Enterprise Microblogging |url=https://readwrite.com/statusnet-raises-23-million/ |url-status= |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=Readwrite}}</ref> The hosting service allowed anyone to establish their own StatusNet instance without maintaining a server, similar to [[WordPress.com]] and other blogging platforms.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kincaid |first=Jason |date=2009-11-20 |title=Status.Net: The WordPress For Microblogs Gets A Hosted Solution |url=https://techcrunch.com/2009/11/20/status-net-the-wordpress-for-microblogs-gets-a-hosted-solution/ |access-date=2024-09-17 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}</ref>
Version 0.9.0, released March 3, 2010, added support for OStatus, a new distributed update standard superseding [[OpenMicroBlogging]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://status.net/wiki/StatusNet_0.9.0|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120717054603/http://status.net/wiki/StatusNet_0.9.0|url-status=dead|title=StatusNet 0.9.0|archive-date=July 17, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://status.net/2010/03/04/statusnet-0-9-0-released|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120720130102/http://status.net/2010/03/04/statusnet-0-9-0-released|url-status=dead|title=StatusNet 0.9.0 Released|archive-date=July 20, 2012}}</ref>


New registrations on identi.ca along with the ability to create new status.net instances was disabled in December 2012, in preparation for a migration to [[pump.io]] that has since been named by users of StatusNet and OStatus as "the Pumpocalypse".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-12-21 |title=Upcoming changes in the status.net service {{!}} StatusNet |url=http://status.net/2012/12/18/upcoming-changes-in-the-status-net-service |access-date=2024-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221012427/http://status.net/2012/12/18/upcoming-changes-in-the-status-net-service |archive-date=2012-12-21 }}</ref> pump.io was a brand new software package like StatusNet, but with a new protocol designed for general purpose [[Activity stream|activity streams]] outside of microblogging and ease-of-use for developers building on the technology, much like the transition from OMB to OStatus. The announcement was seen as unexpected among identi.ca users, who were concerned about the possibility of their statuses being deleted with the transition. At the same time, server administrators running third-party instances and their users who were left behind on StatusNet were also worried, as it was unclear at the time whether future development of the software would be picked up by a new maintainer.<ref name="lwn-transitioning">{{cite web | url=https://lwn.net/Articles/544347/ | title=StatusNet, Identi.ca, and transitioning to pump.io | publisher=LWN.net | date=March 27, 2013 | access-date=2013-05-07 | author=Nathan Willis}}</ref> The transition for identi.ca users to pump.io was completed on 12 July 2013.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://opensource.com/life/13/7/pump-io | title=pump.io: the decentralized social network that's really fun | publisher=opensource.com | date=July 15, 2013 | access-date=2013-07-15 | author=Bryan Behrenshausen}}</ref>
June 8, 2013 it was announced StatusNet would be merged into the GNU social project, along with Free Social.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gnu.org/software/social/merge.html|title=GNU social|date=2013-06-08}}</ref>


=== GNU social ===
The service is interoperable with other [[OStatus]] platforms.<ref name="ProjectGitHub">{{cite web|url=https://github.com/tootsuite/mastodon|title=tootsuite/mastodon|website=GitHub|access-date=2017-01-11}}</ref>
GNU social originally began as a side project of [[GNU FM]] (Libre.fm) maintainer Matt Lee, with the goal of being able to federate messages between [[Last.fm]] and other instances of GNU FM using StatusNet plugins.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Microblogging with ActivityPub [LWN.net] |url=https://lwn.net/Articles/916154/ |access-date=2024-04-04 |website=lwn.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-04-01 |title=Disintermedia » A Brief History of the GNU Social Fediverse and 'The … |url=https://archive.today/20170401232304/https://www.coactivate.org/projects/disintermedia/blog/2017/04/01/a-brief-history-of-the-gnu-social-fediverse-and-the-federation/ |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=archive.ph}}</ref> Around the same time, a developer named Mikael Nordfeldth forked StatusNet with the intention of maintaining it as a personal project, dubbing it "Free Social". However, following identi.ca's transition to pump.io and its developers' sudden abandonment of StatusNet, the projects received more attention from server administrators and other users looking for an actively updated alternative.


Shortly after [[LibrePlanet]] 2012, a plan was formed to merge all three projects into a single service.<ref>{{Cite web |title=[Social] Big news! StatusNet, Free Social and GNU social projects merge |url=https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/social/2013-06/msg00002.html |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=lists.gnu.org}}</ref> On June 8, 2013, it was announced that along with Free Social, StatusNet would be merged into the GNU social project and stewarded by the [[Free Software Foundation]], with the project since becoming the dominant variant of StatusNet.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-06-16 |title=GNU social |url=http://www.gnu.org/software/social/merge.html |access-date=2024-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616030020/http://www.gnu.org/software/social/merge.html |archive-date=2013-06-16 }}</ref>
⚫
=== Names ===
StatusNet was renamed from Laconica coinciding with the release of version 0.8.1 (a.k.a. "Second Guessing") of the StatusNet software.<ref name="StatusNet081WikiPageAug282009">StatusNet 0.8.1 (2009-8-28) {{cite web |url=http://status.net/wiki/StatusNet_0.8.1 |title=StatusNet 0.8.1 - StatusNet |access-date=2013-01-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130112041805/http://status.net/wiki/StatusNet_0.8.1 |archive-date=2013-01-12 }}, StatusNet Wiki Retrieved 2009-8-29.</ref>


During GNU social's lifespan, a popular theme for the [[user interface]] named Quitter was used, which was similar to an earlier [[Twitter]] interface. Many instances were made specifically using the name Quitter such as Quitter.se, an instance created by the developer of the theme. Before the establishment of [[Mastodon (social network)|Mastodon]]'s popularity and dominance within the network, Quitter was noted as a frequent location for users of Twitter to migrate to when users disagreed with moderation policies<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-03 |title=Thousands of Spaniards leave Twitter for GNU social |url=https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/thousands-of-spaniards-leave-twitter-for-gnu-social |website=[[Free Software Foundation]]}}</ref> or feature updates, such as when an algorithmic feed was added to Twitter.{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}
StatusNet's name "simply reflects what our software does: send ''status'' updates into your social ''net''work."<ref name=laconica-is-now-statusnet />


A fork of GNU social was made called postActiv, which planned to rewrite the backend and user interface of GNU social, as well as to add compatibility for [[Diaspora (social network)|Diaspora]]'s protocol.<ref>{{cite web |last=Tilley |first=Sean |date=24 September 2017 |title=A quick guide to The Free Network |url=https://medium.com/we-distribute/a-quick-guide-to-the-free-network-c069309f334 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108124959/https://medium.com/we-distribute/a-quick-guide-to-the-free-network-c069309f334 |archive-date=November 8, 2020 |access-date=July 25, 2023 |website=We Distribute |language=en}}</ref>
⚫
Laconica's name was a reference to the [[Laconic phrase]], a particularly concise or terse statement the likes of which are famously attributed to the leaders of [[Sparta]] ([[Laconia]] being the Greek region containing Sparta). In microblogging, all messages are forced to be very short due to the traditional ~140-character limit on message size. The GNU in the name refers to the [[GNU Project]].

=== Previous names ===
⚫
The original name of StatusNet was Laconica, a reference to the [[Laconic phrase]]; a particularly brief statement commonly attributed to the leaders of [[Sparta]] ([[Laconia]] being the Greek region containing Sparta). In microblogging, all messages are designed to be very short due to the traditional 140-character limit on message size, a limitation imported from [[SMS]].

Beginning with version 0.8.1, the name was changed to StatusNet.<ref name="StatusNet081WikiPageAug282009">StatusNet 0.8.1 (2009-8-28) {{cite web |title=StatusNet 0.8.1 - StatusNet |url=http://status.net/wiki/StatusNet_0.8.1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130112041805/http://status.net/wiki/StatusNet_0.8.1 |archive-date=2013-01-12 |access-date=2013-01-12}}, StatusNet Wiki Retrieved 2009-8-29.</ref> The developers said that the new name "simply reflects what our software does: send ''status'' updates into your social ''net''work."<ref name="laconica-is-now-statusnet">Laconica is now StatusNet {{cite web |title=Laconica is now StatusNet « StatusNet – Open Source microblogging service |url=http://status.net/2009/08/28/laconica-is-now-statusnet/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831073527/http://status.net/2009/08/28/laconica-is-now-statusnet/ |archive-date=2009-08-31 |access-date=2009-08-31}}, retrieved 2009-10-04</ref>

== Features ==
A basic GNU social instance takes the form of a [[microblogging]] service with a reverse chronological [[Web feed|timeline]] that features status updates and small messages from followed accounts, similar to other services such as [[Twitter]] or [[Weibo]]. While users could see their own customized timeline, they could access another timeline that showcased every message that the instance knows of, including from other instances that were connected to each other if someone on the instance followed an account from it. Users could also create and join groups, which allows for discussion and collaboration on specific topics.

Administrators can also customize their server via the [[Plug-in (computing)|plugin system]], which allows developers to create new features or modify existing plugins to suit the needs of the instance via PHP. A notable plugin built for GNU social was Quitter, a revamp of the [[user interface]] that resembles an earlier version of Twitter's user interface.


== See also ==
== See also ==
{{Portal|Free and open-source software}}
{{Portal|Free and open-source software}}
⚫
* [[Comparison of software and protocols for distributed social networking]]
* [[Comparison of microblogging services]]
* [[Comparison of microblogging services]]
⚫
* [[Comparison of software and protocols for distributed social networking]]
* [[Diaspora (social network)|diaspora*]], a similar contemporary decentralized social network
* [[identi.ca]]
* [[pump.io]]


== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}
{{reflist|30em}}

== Further information ==

* [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2595247 Building a Better Twitter: A Study of the Twitter Alternatives GNU Social, Quitter, rstat.us, and Twister] (2015)


== External links ==
== External links ==
{{commons category|GNU social}}
{{commons category|GNU social}}
* {{Official website}}
* {{Official website}}



{{Fediverse}}{{Online social networking}}
{{Fediverse}}{{Online social networking}}
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[[Category:Software using the GNU AGPL license]]
[[Category:Software using the GNU AGPL license]]
[[Category:GNU Project software]]
[[Category:GNU Project software]]
[[Category:Fediverse]]
[[Category:Software that federates via OStatus]]
[[Category:Software that federates via ActivityPub]]

Latest revision as of 21:58, 2 December 2024

GNU social
Original author(s)Evan Prodromou et al.
Developer(s)Diogo Cordeiro and GNU social Developers
Final release
1.20.9[1] Edit this on Wikidata / 22 June 2019
Preview release
2.0.0beta0[2] Edit this on Wikidata / 18 July 2021
Repository
Written inPHP
Operating systemCross-platform
Available inMore than 25 languages[3]
TypeSocial networking service
LicenseAGPL-3.0-or-later[4]
Websitegnusocial.network

GNU social (and its predecessor StatusNet) is a free and open-source microblogging social networking service that implements the OStatus and ActivityPub standards for interoperability between installations. While offering similar functionality to social networks such as Twitter, GNU social seeks to provide the ability for open and federated communication between different microblogging communities, known as 'instances'. Both enterprises and individuals can install and control their own instances and user data.[5][6]

At its peak in popularity, GNU social had been deployed on hundreds of interconnected instances,[7] however has since fallen into disuse as competing software like Mastodon and Pleroma have taken its position as the dominant federated microblogging services. Later on in its lifespan, the project split into two separate branches, with "v2" being a continuation of the original codebase for maintenance of existing instances, with "v3" being a complete redesign of the project meant to integrate further ActivityPub support and modernization of the user experience and its technological back-end. As of August 15, 2022, there had been no new commits to the v2 branch,[8] with the v3 branch also no longer being actively developed not long after by November 25, 2022,[9] with the project essentially abandoned.

Despite its modern obsolescence and dated design compared to modern platforms, GNU social and StatusNet is regarded to be the origin of the Fediverse network and has had a major influence on the design of more modern decentralized social networks that succeeded it.

History

[edit]

While being the main project within its lineage, GNU social originally began as a fork of StatusNet. The software was first developed for a service called identi.ca from Evan Prodromou, which offered free microblogging accounts to the public. The software quickly became one of the first popular examples of a decentralized social network, as identi.ca allowed any other server that was running the software to communicate with it, something which had not previously been attempted before in social media at such a large scale.

The original StatusNet user interface

StatusNet

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Further information: Identi.ca

Originally, StatusNet (named Laconica at the time) was launched with a communication protocol designed specifically for the project called OpenMicroBlogging (OMB).[10] With version 0.8.1, the name of the software was changed to StatusNet.[11] Version 0.9.0 was released soon after in March 3, 2010, with the developers implementing a newly designed protocol dubbed OStatus, with support for OMB being dropped not long after. Compared to OpenMicroBlogging, OStatus could handle and federate more events and actions than the basic plaintext communication that OMB provided and was based on a variety of other web technologies, allowing for easier adoption of new implementations of the protocol for servers and clients compared to the fully custom architecture of OMB.[12]

With the StatusNet name change, the company developing both the software and OStatus as well as managing identi.ca rebranded from Control Yourself to StatusNet Inc. In August 2010, the company raised a new round of venture capital funds to establish a hosting service under the status.net domain from sources such as First Mark Capital, BOLDstart Ventures, iNovia Capital and Montreal Start Up, raising over $2.3 million in funding up to that point.[13] The hosting service allowed anyone to establish their own StatusNet instance without maintaining a server, similar to WordPress.com and other blogging platforms.[14]

New registrations on identi.ca along with the ability to create new status.net instances was disabled in December 2012, in preparation for a migration to pump.io that has since been named by users of StatusNet and OStatus as "the Pumpocalypse".[15] pump.io was a brand new software package like StatusNet, but with a new protocol designed for general purpose activity streams outside of microblogging and ease-of-use for developers building on the technology, much like the transition from OMB to OStatus. The announcement was seen as unexpected among identi.ca users, who were concerned about the possibility of their statuses being deleted with the transition. At the same time, server administrators running third-party instances and their users who were left behind on StatusNet were also worried, as it was unclear at the time whether future development of the software would be picked up by a new maintainer.[16] The transition for identi.ca users to pump.io was completed on 12 July 2013.[17]

GNU social

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GNU social originally began as a side project of GNU FM (Libre.fm) maintainer Matt Lee, with the goal of being able to federate messages between Last.fm and other instances of GNU FM using StatusNet plugins.[18][19] Around the same time, a developer named Mikael Nordfeldth forked StatusNet with the intention of maintaining it as a personal project, dubbing it "Free Social". However, following identi.ca's transition to pump.io and its developers' sudden abandonment of StatusNet, the projects received more attention from server administrators and other users looking for an actively updated alternative.

Shortly after LibrePlanet 2012, a plan was formed to merge all three projects into a single service.[20] On June 8, 2013, it was announced that along with Free Social, StatusNet would be merged into the GNU social project and stewarded by the Free Software Foundation, with the project since becoming the dominant variant of StatusNet.[21]

During GNU social's lifespan, a popular theme for the user interface named Quitter was used, which was similar to an earlier Twitter interface. Many instances were made specifically using the name Quitter such as Quitter.se, an instance created by the developer of the theme. Before the establishment of Mastodon's popularity and dominance within the network, Quitter was noted as a frequent location for users of Twitter to migrate to when users disagreed with moderation policies[22] or feature updates, such as when an algorithmic feed was added to Twitter.[citation needed]

A fork of GNU social was made called postActiv, which planned to rewrite the backend and user interface of GNU social, as well as to add compatibility for Diaspora's protocol.[23]

Previous names

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The original name of StatusNet was Laconica, a reference to the Laconic phrase; a particularly brief statement commonly attributed to the leaders of Sparta (Laconia being the Greek region containing Sparta). In microblogging, all messages are designed to be very short due to the traditional 140-character limit on message size, a limitation imported from SMS.

Beginning with version 0.8.1, the name was changed to StatusNet.[11] The developers said that the new name "simply reflects what our software does: send status updates into your social network."[24]

Features

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A basic GNU social instance takes the form of a microblogging service with a reverse chronological timeline that features status updates and small messages from followed accounts, similar to other services such as Twitter or Weibo. While users could see their own customized timeline, they could access another timeline that showcased every message that the instance knows of, including from other instances that were connected to each other if someone on the instance followed an account from it. Users could also create and join groups, which allows for discussion and collaboration on specific topics.

Administrators can also customize their server via the plugin system, which allows developers to create new features or modify existing plugins to suit the needs of the instance via PHP. A notable plugin built for GNU social was Quitter, a revamp of the user interface that resembles an earlier version of Twitter's user interface.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Diogo Cordeiro 518431ad72 [CORE]". 22 June 2019. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
  2. ^ "Diogo Peralta Cordeiro 5a856a728d [VersionBump] 2.0.0beta0". 18 July 2021. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
  3. ^ "Translating:GNU social localization". Retrieved 2015-02-08.
  4. ^ "README file". Archived from the original on 2014-11-03. Retrieved 2015-02-09. ...under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
  5. ^ Terdiman, Daniel (2008-10-06). "Taking on Twitter with open-source software". CNET. Retrieved 2024-08-29.
  6. ^ Bastien, Malcolm (2008-8-28) Why Laconica Means Big Things For Corporate Micro Blogging Archived 2009-01-25 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2009-1-3.
  7. ^ "List of Independent GNU social Instances - I ask questions". 2017-02-20. Archived from the original on 2017-02-20. Retrieved 2024-04-04.
  8. ^ diogo. "diogo/gnu-social". notabug.org. Retrieved 2024-04-04.
  9. ^ GNUsocial. "gnu-social". Codeberg.org. Retrieved 2024-04-04.
  10. ^ "GNU social". 2013-06-08. Archived from the original on 2013-08-22. Retrieved 2024-04-04.
  11. ^ a b StatusNet 0.8.1 (2009-8-28) "StatusNet 0.8.1 - StatusNet". Archived from the original on 2013-01-12. Retrieved 2013-01-12., StatusNet Wiki Retrieved 2009-8-29.
  12. ^ "Understanding OStatus | StatusNet". 2011-12-26. Archived from the original on 2011-12-26. Retrieved 2024-08-29.
  13. ^ Finley, Klint (2010-08-03). "StatusNet Raises $2.3 Million for Enterprise Microblogging". Readwrite. Retrieved 2024-08-28.
  14. ^ Kincaid, Jason (2009-11-20). "Status.Net: The WordPress For Microblogs Gets A Hosted Solution". TechCrunch. Retrieved 2024-09-17.
  15. ^ "Upcoming changes in the status.net service | StatusNet". 2012-12-21. Archived from the original on 2012-12-21. Retrieved 2024-08-29.
  16. ^ Nathan Willis (March 27, 2013). "StatusNet, Identi.ca, and transitioning to pump.io". LWN.net. Retrieved 2013-05-07.
  17. ^ Bryan Behrenshausen (July 15, 2013). "pump.io: the decentralized social network that's really fun". opensource.com. Retrieved 2013-07-15.
  18. ^ "Microblogging with ActivityPub [LWN.net]". lwn.net. Retrieved 2024-04-04.
  19. ^ "Disintermedia » A Brief History of the GNU Social Fediverse and 'The …". archive.ph. 2017-04-01. Retrieved 2024-08-29.
  20. ^ "[Social] Big news! StatusNet, Free Social and GNU social projects merge". lists.gnu.org. Retrieved 2024-08-29.
  21. ^ "GNU social". 2013-06-16. Archived from the original on 2013-06-16. Retrieved 2024-08-29.
  22. ^ "Thousands of Spaniards leave Twitter for GNU social". Free Software Foundation. 2015-04-03.
  23. ^ Tilley, Sean (24 September 2017). "A quick guide to The Free Network". We Distribute. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved July 25, 2023.
  24. ^ Laconica is now StatusNet "Laconica is now StatusNet « StatusNet – Open Source microblogging service". Archived from the original on 2009-08-31. Retrieved 2009-08-31., retrieved 2009-10-04

Further information

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to GNU social.
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