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{{Short description|Multiple star system in the constellation Auriga}}
{{Starbox begin|name=9 Aurigae}}
{{Starbox begin|name=9 Aurigae}}
{{Starbox image
{{Starbox image
Line 13: Line 14:
|epoch=[[J2000]]
|epoch=[[J2000]]
|constell=[[Auriga (constellation)|Auriga]]
|constell=[[Auriga (constellation)|Auriga]]
|ra={{RA|05|06|40.62967}}<ref name=HIP>{{cite journal|title=Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction|url=http://www.aanda.org/index.php?option=com_article&access=bibcode&Itemid=129&bibcode=2007A%2526A...474..653VFUL|author=van Leeuwen, F.|display-authors=etal|journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics|volume=474|issue=2|pages=653–664|date=2007|arxiv=0708.1752|bibcode=2007A&A...474..653V|doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20078357}}</ref>
|ra={{RA|05|06|40.62967}}<ref name=HIP>{{cite journal|title=Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction|author=van Leeuwen, F.|display-authors=etal|journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics|volume=474|issue=2|pages=653–664|date=2007|arxiv=0708.1752|bibcode=2007A&A...474..653V|doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20078357|s2cid = 18759600|doi-access=free}}</ref>
|dec={{DEC|+51|35|51.8025}}<ref name=HIP/>
|dec={{DEC|+51|35|51.8025}}<ref name=HIP/>
|appmag_v=4.93 - 5.03<ref name=GCVS/>
|appmag_v=4.93 - 5.03<ref name=GCVS/>
}}
}}
{{Starbox character
{{Starbox character
|class=F2V<ref name=Gray>{{cite journal|bibcode=2006AJ....132..161G|doi=10.1086/504637|arxiv=astro-ph/0603770|title=Contributions to the Nearby Stars (NStars) Project: Spectroscopy of Stars Earlier than M0 within 40 pc--The Southern Sample|journal=The Astronomical Journal|volume=132|pages=161|year=2006|last1=Gray|first1=R. O.|last2=Corbally|first2=C. J.|last3=Garrison|first3=R. F.|last4=McFadden|first4=M. T.|last5=Bubar|first5=E. J.|last6=McGahee|first6=C. E.|last7=O'Donoghue|first7=A. A.|last8=Knox|first8=E. R.}}</ref>
|class=F2V<ref name=Gray>{{cite journal|bibcode=2006AJ....132..161G|doi=10.1086/504637|arxiv=astro-ph/0603770|title=Contributions to the Nearby Stars (NStars) Project: Spectroscopy of Stars Earlier than M0 within 40 pc--The Southern Sample|journal=The Astronomical Journal|volume=132|pages=161–170|year=2006|last1=Gray|first1=R. O.|last2=Corbally|first2=C. J.|last3=Garrison|first3=R. F.|last4=McFadden|first4=M. T.|last5=Bubar|first5=E. J.|last6=McGahee|first6=C. E.|last7=O'Donoghue|first7=A. A.|last8=Knox|first8=E. R.|issue=1|s2cid=119476992}}</ref>
|b-v=+0.34<ref name=EgUBV>{{cite journal|author1=Mermilliod, J.-C.|title=Compilation of Eggen's UBV data, transformed to UBV (unpublished)|journal=Catalogue of Eggen's UBV data|url=http://cdsads.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1986EgUBV........0M&db_key=AST&nosetcookie=1|date=1986|bibcode= 1986EgUBV........0M}}</ref>
|b-v=+0.34<ref name=EgUBV>{{cite journal|author1=Mermilliod, J.-C.|title=Compilation of Eggen's UBV data, transformed to UBV (unpublished)|journal=Catalogue of Eggen's UBV Data|url=http://cdsads.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1986EgUBV........0M&db_key=AST&nosetcookie=1|date=1986|bibcode= 1986EgUBV........0M}}</ref>
|u-b=-0.03<ref name=EgUBV/>
|u-b=-0.03<ref name=EgUBV/>
|variable=[[Gamma Doradus variable|&gamma; Dor]]<ref name=rachford/>
|variable=[[Gamma Doradus variable|γ Dor]]<ref name=rachford/>
}}
}}
{{Starbox astrometry
{{Starbox astrometry
|component1=A
|radial_v=-0.90 ± 0.3<ref name=RV>{{cite journal|title=Pulkovo Compilation of Radial Velocities for 35 495 Hipparcos stars in a common system|author=Gontcharov, G. A.|date=2006|journal=Astronomy Letters|volume=32|issue=11|pages=759–771|bibcode=2006AstL...32..759G|doi=10.1134/S1063773706110065|arxiv=1606.08053}}</ref>
|prop_mo_ra=-30.49<ref name=HIP/>
|radial_v={{val|-0.47|0.57}}<ref name=dr3a/>
|prop_mo_dec=-172.89<ref name=HIP/>
|prop_mo_ra=−28.557<ref name=dr3a/>
|prop_mo_dec=−171.822<ref name=dr3a/>
|parallax=38.04
|parallax=37.0551
|p_error=0.34
|p_error=0.1371
|parallax_footnote=<ref name=HIP/>
|parallax_footnote=<ref name=dr3a>{{cite Gaia DR3|265722999474087424}}</ref>
}}
{{Starbox astrometry|no_heading=y
|component1=B
|radial_v=
|prop_mo_ra=−54.582<ref name=dr3b/>
|prop_mo_dec=−156.009<ref name=dr3b/>
|parallax=37.0796
|p_error=0.0631
|parallax_footnote=<ref name=dr3b>{{cite Gaia DR3|265722999470245632}}</ref>
}}
{{Starbox astrometry|no_heading=y
|component1=C
|radial_v={{val|-1.88|0.17}}<ref name=dr3b/>
|prop_mo_ra=−32.386<ref name=dr3c/>
|prop_mo_dec=−173.026<ref name=dr3c/>
|parallax=37.2115
|p_error=0.0184
|parallax_footnote=<ref name=dr3c>{{cite Gaia DR3|265724476942021248}}</ref>
}}
}}
{{Starbox orbit
{{Starbox orbit
| reference = <ref name=abt>{{cite journal |bibcode=1965ApJS...11..429A |title=The Frequency of Binaries among Normal A-Type Stars |journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series |volume=11 |pages=429 |last1=Abt |first1=Helmut A. |year=1965 |doi=10.1086/190120 }}</ref>
| reference = <ref name=abt>{{cite journal |bibcode=1965ApJS...11..429A |title=The Frequency of Binaries among Normal A-Type Stars |journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series |volume=11 |pages=429 |last1=Abt |first1=Helmut A. |year=1965 |doi=10.1086/190120 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
| period_unitless = {{val|391.7|ul=days}}
| period_unitless = {{val|391.7|ul=days}}
| eccentricity = 0.37
| eccentricity = 0.37
Line 39: Line 59:
{{Starbox detail
{{Starbox detail
| component1 = A
| component1 = A
|mass = 1.97<ref name=msc>{{cite web |url=http://www.ctio.noao.edu/~atokovin/stars/stars.php?cat=HR&number=1637 |title=HR 1637 |website = Multiple Star Catalog |accessdate=2019-10-09}}</ref>
|mass = 1.97<ref name=msc>{{cite web |url=http://www.ctio.noao.edu/~atokovin/stars/stars.php?cat=HR&number=1637 |title=HR 1637 |website=Multiple Star Catalog |access-date=2019-10-09 |archive-date=2020-09-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200916054239/http://www.ctio.noao.edu/~atokovin/stars/stars.php?cat=HR&number=1637 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|radius=1.56<ref name=rachford>{{cite journal|bibcode=2009ApJ...698..786R|doi=10.1088/0004-637X/698/1/786|arxiv=0904.1620|title=Chromospheric Variability in Early F-Type Stars|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=698|pages=786|year=2009|last1=Rachford|first1=Brian L.|last2=Foight|first2=Dillon R.}}</ref>
|radius=1.56<ref name=rachford>{{cite journal|bibcode=2009ApJ...698..786R|doi=10.1088/0004-637X/698/1/786|arxiv=0904.1620|title=Chromospheric Variability in Early F-Type Stars|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=698|pages=786–802|year=2009|last1=Rachford|first1=Brian L.|last2=Foight|first2=Dillon R.|issue=1|s2cid=693296}}</ref>
|temperature=7,023<ref name=rachford/>
|temperature=7,023<ref name=rachford/>
|gravity=4.07<ref name=rachford/>
|gravity=4.07<ref name=rachford/>
Line 50: Line 70:
| component1 = B
| component1 = B
| mass = 0.49<ref name=msc/>
| mass = 0.49<ref name=msc/>
| temperature = 4,947<ref name=dr2b/>
| temperature = 4,947<ref name=dr2b>{{cite Gaia DR2|265722999470245632}}</ref>
| component2 = C
| component2 = C
| mass2 = 0.751<ref name=newton>{{cite journal |bibcode=2017ApJ...834...85N |title=The Hα Emission of Nearby M Dwarfs and its Relation to Stellar Rotation |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=834 |issue=1 |pages=85 |last1=Newton |first1=Elisabeth R. |last2=Irwin |first2=Jonathan |last3=Charbonneau |first3=David |last4=Berlind |first4=Perry |last5=Calkins |first5=Michael L. |last6=Mink |first6=Jessica |year=2017 |arxiv=1611.03509 |doi=10.3847/1538-4357/834/1/85 }}</ref>
| mass2 = 0.751<ref name=newton>{{cite journal |bibcode=2017ApJ...834...85N |title=The Hα Emission of Nearby M Dwarfs and its Relation to Stellar Rotation |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=834 |issue=1 |pages=85 |last1=Newton |first1=Elisabeth R. |last2=Irwin |first2=Jonathan |last3=Charbonneau |first3=David |last4=Berlind |first4=Perry |last5=Calkins |first5=Michael L. |last6=Mink |first6=Jessica |year=2017 |arxiv=1611.03509 |doi=10.3847/1538-4357/834/1/85 |s2cid=55000202 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
| temperature2 = 4,633<ref name=dr2c/>
| temperature2 = 4,633<ref name=dr2c>{{cite Gaia DR2|265724476942021248}}</ref>
| radius2 = 0.756<ref name=newton/>
| radius2 = 0.756<ref name=newton/>
| luminosity2 = 0.162<ref name=dr2c/>
| luminosity2 = 0.162<ref name=dr2c/>
Line 66: Line 86:
}}
}}
{{Starbox end}}
{{Starbox end}}
'''9 Aurigae''' ('''9 Aur''') is a [[star]] system in [[Auriga (constellation)]]. It has an [[apparent magnitude]] of about 5, making it visible to the naked eye in many suburban skies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.skyandtelescope.com/resources/darksky/3304011.html?page=1&c=y|title=The Bortle Dark-Sky Scale|last=Bortle|first=John E.|date=February 2001|work=[[Sky & Telescope]]|publisher=Sky Publishing Corporation|accessdate=15 May 2017}}</ref> [[Stellar parallax|Parallax]] estimates made by the [[Hipparcos]] spacecraft put it at about 85.7 light-years (26.3 parsecs) from the solar system.<ref name=HIP/>
'''9 Aurigae''' ('''9 Aur''') is a [[star]] system in [[Auriga (constellation)]]. It has an [[apparent magnitude]] of about 5, making it visible to the [[naked eye]] in many suburban skies.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://skyandtelescope.org/astronomy-resources/light-pollution-and-astronomy-the-bortle-dark-sky-scale/|title=The Bortle Dark-Sky Scale|last=Bortle|first=John E.|date=February 2001|work=[[Sky & Telescope]]|publisher=Sky Publishing Corporation|access-date=15 May 2017}}</ref> [[Stellar parallax|Parallax]] estimates made by the [[Hipparcos]] spacecraft put it at about 86 light-years (26 parsecs) from the solar system,<ref name=HIP/> although individual [[Gaia Data Release 3]] parallaxes place all three components at 88 light years.


[[File:9AurLightCurve.png|thumb|left|A [[Photometric_system#Photometric_letters|visual band]] [[light curve]] for 9 Aurigae, adapted from Krisciunas ''et al.'' (1993)<ref name="Krisciunas2"/>]]
⚫
It is a well-studied [[Gamma Doradus variable]],<ref name=rachford/> and was one of the first stars to be so-classified.<ref name=Krisciunas/> This star type varies in luminosity due to non-radial pulsations.<ref name=Krisciunas>{{cite journal|bibcode=1995MNRAS.273..662K|arxiv = astro-ph/9407094 |title = 9 Aurigae: Strong evidence for non-radial pulsations |journal = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume = 273 |issue = 3 |pages = 662 |author1 = Krisciunas |first1 = K. |last2 = Griffin |first2 = R. F. |last3 = Guinan |first3 = E. F. |last4 = Luedeke |first4 = K. D. |last5 = McCook |first5 = G. P. |year = 1995 |doi = 10.1093/mnras/273.3.662 }}</ref> Its apparent magnitude varies from 4.93 to 5.03 over a period of 1.25804 days.<ref name=GCVS>{{cite journal|bibcode=2009yCat....1.2025S|title=VizieR Online Data Catalog: General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+ 2007-2013)|journal=VizieR On-line Data Catalog: B/gcvs. Originally published in: 2009yCat....102025S|volume=1|display-authors=etal|author1=Samus, N. N.|author2=Durlevich, O. V.|year=2009}}</ref> For that reason it has been given the [[variable star designation]] '''V398 Aurigae'''.<ref name=GCVS/>
Kevin Krisciunas and Edward Francis Guinan discovered that the star is a [[variable star]] in 1990.<ref name="Krisciunas1990"/>
⚫
It is a well-studied [[Gamma Doradus variable]],<ref name=rachford/> and was one of the first stars to be so-classified.<ref name=Krisciunas/> This star type varies in luminosity due to non-radial pulsations.<ref name=Krisciunas>{{cite journal|bibcode=1995MNRAS.273..662K|arxiv = astro-ph/9407094 |title = 9 Aurigae: Strong evidence for non-radial pulsations |journal = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume = 273 |issue = 3 |pages = 662 |last1 = Krisciunas |first1 = K. |last2 = Griffin |first2 = R. F. |last3 = Guinan |first3 = E. F. |last4 = Luedeke |first4 = K. D. |last5 = McCook |first5 = G. P. |year = 1995 |doi = 10.1093/mnras/273.3.662 |doi-access = free |s2cid = 117588180 }}</ref> Its apparent magnitude varies from 4.93 to 5.03 over a period of 1.25804 days.<ref name=GCVS>{{cite journal|bibcode=2009yCat....102025S|title=VizieR Online Data Catalog: General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+ 2007-2013)|journal=VizieR On-line Data Catalog: B/GCVS. Originally Published in: 2009yCat....102025S|volume=1|display-authors=etal|author1=Samus, N. N.|author2=Durlevich, O. V.|year=2009}}</ref> For that reason it was given the [[variable star designation]] '''V398 Aurigae''' in 1995.<ref name="Kazarovets1995"/><ref name=GCVS/>


9 Aurigae is a multiple star system. The naked-eye component A is a single-lined [[spectroscopic binary]]. Only the signature of an F-type [[main sequence]] star can be seen in the spectrum, but the periodic [[doppler shift]] of the [[absorption line]]s demonstrates that there is a hidden companion in a 391.7-day orbit.<ref name=abt/>
9 Aurigae is a multiple star system. The naked-eye component A is a single-lined [[spectroscopic binary]]. Only the signature of an F-type [[main sequence]] star can be seen in the spectrum, but the periodic [[doppler shift]] of the [[absorption line]]s demonstrates that there is a hidden companion in a 391.7-day orbit. The gravitational interaction of the two bodies produces variations in their respective motions, which is what creates the doppler shift.<ref name=abt/>


Four other companions to 9 Aurigae are listed in multiple star catalogs,<ref name=ccdm>{{cite journal|bibcode=1994CoORB.115....1D|title=Catalogue des composantes d'etoiles doubles et multiples (CCDM) premiere edition - Catalogue of the components of double and multiple stars (CCDM) first edition|journal=Com. de l'Observ. Royal de Belgique|volume=115|pages=1|author1=Dommanget|first1=J.|last2=Nys|first2=O.|year=1994}}</ref><ref name=wds>{{cite journal|bibcode=2001AJ....122.3466M|title=The 2001 US Naval Observatory Double Star CD-ROM. I. The Washington Double Star Catalog|journal=The Astronomical Journal|volume=122|issue=6|pages=3466–3471|author1=Mason|first1=Brian D.|last2=Wycoff|first2=Gary L.|last3=Hartkopf|first3=William I.|last4=Douglass|first4=Geoffrey G.|last5=Worley|first5=Charles E.|year=2001|doi=10.1086/323920}}</ref> all thought to be [[common proper motion]] companions at the same distance from us as 9 Aurigae.<ref name=abt/><ref name=dr2b>{{cite DR2|265722999470245632}}</ref><ref name=dr2c>{{cite DR2|265724476942021248}}</ref><ref name=dr2d>{{cite DR2|265723755387329408}}</ref> The closest companion is a 12th-magnitude [[red dwarf]] {{val|5|ul="}} away.<ref name=rachford/> {{val|90|u="}} away is component C, a 9th-magnitude star with a spectral class of K5Ve,<ref name=carmenes>{{cite journal |bibcode=2015A&A...577A.128A |title=CARMENES input catalogue of M dwarfs. I. Low-resolution spectroscopy with CAFOS |journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics |volume=577 |pages=A128 |last1=Alonso-Floriano |first1=F. J. |last2=Morales |first2=J. C. |last3=Caballero |first3=J. A. |last4=Montes |first4=D. |last5=Klutsch |first5=A. |last6=Mundt |first6=R. |last7=Cortés-Contreras |first7=M. |last8=Ribas |first8=I. |last9=Reiners |first9=A. |last10=Amado |first10=P. J. |last11=Quirrenbach |first11=A. |last12=Jeffers |first12=S. V. |year=2015 |arxiv=1502.07580 |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201525803 }}</ref> which may also be a spectroscopic binary.<ref name=msc/> Further-separated still is a 14th-magnitude star, component D, thought to be a more distant [[red giant]].<ref name=krisciunas/><ref name=dr2d/> The most widely-separated companion is component E, another distant star.<ref name=krisciunas>{{cite journal |bibcode=1993MNRAS.263..781K |title=The 9 Aurigae system |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume=263 |issue=3 |pages=781–788 |last1=Krisciunas |first1=K. |last2=Aspin |first2=C. |last3=Geballe |first3=T. R. |last4=Akazawa |first4=H. |last5=Claver |first5=C. F. |last6=Guinan |first6=E. F. |last7=Landis |first7=H. J. |last8=Luedeke |first8=K. D. |last9=Ohkura |first9=N. |last10=Ohshima |first10=O. |last11=Skillman |first11=D. R. |year=1993 |arxiv=astro-ph/9304008 |doi=10.1093/mnras/263.3.781 }}</ref><ref name=dr2e>{{cite DR2|265726298007969536}}</ref>
Four other companions to 9 Aurigae are listed in multiple star catalogs.<ref name=ccdm>{{cite journal|bibcode=1994CoORB.115....1D|title=Catalogue des composantes d'etoiles doubles et multiples (CCDM) premiere edition - Catalogue of the components of double and multiple stars (CCDM) first edition|journal=Com. De l'Observ. Royal de Belgique|volume=115|pages=1|last1=Dommanget|first1=J.|last2=Nys|first2=O.|year=1994}}</ref><ref name=wds>{{cite journal|bibcode=2001AJ....122.3466M|title=The 2001 US Naval Observatory Double Star CD-ROM. I. The Washington Double Star Catalog|journal=The Astronomical Journal|volume=122|issue=6|pages=3466–3471|last1=Mason|first1=Brian D.|last2=Wycoff|first2=Gary L.|last3=Hartkopf|first3=William I.|last4=Douglass|first4=Geoffrey G.|last5=Worley|first5=Charles E.|year=2001|doi=10.1086/323920|doi-access=free}}</ref> The closest companion is a 12th-magnitude [[red dwarf]] {{val|5|ul="}} away.<ref name=rachford/> {{val|90|u="}} away is component C, a 9th-magnitude star with a spectral class of K5Ve,<ref name=carmenes>{{cite journal |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201525803 |title=CARMENES input catalogue of M dwarfs |journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics |volume=577 |pages=A128 |year=2015 |last1=Alonso-Floriano |first1=F. J. |last2=Morales |first2=J. C. |last3=Caballero |first3=J. A. |last4=Montes |first4=D. |last5=Klutsch |first5=A. |last6=Mundt |first6=R. |last7=Cortés-Contreras |first7=M. |last8=Ribas |first8=I. |last9=Reiners |first9=Ansgar |last10=Amado |first10=P. J. |last11=Quirrenbach |first11=A. |last12=Jeffers |first12=S. V. |arxiv=1502.07580 |s2cid=53135130 |bibcode=2015A&A...577A.128A }}</ref> which may also be a spectroscopic binary.<ref name=msc/> Further-separated still is a 14th-magnitude star, component D, proposed to be a more distant [[red giant]],<ref name=krisciunas/> although [[Gaia (spacecraft)|Gaia]] astrometry places it at a similar distance and with a similar [[proper motion]].<ref name=dr3d>{{cite Gaia DR3|265724476942021504}}</ref> The most widely-separated companion is component E, a distant unrelated star.<ref name=krisciunas>{{cite journal |bibcode=1993MNRAS.263..781K |title=The 9 Aurigae system |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume=263 |issue=3 |pages=781–788 |last1=Krisciunas |first1=K. |last2=Aspin |first2=C. |last3=Geballe |first3=T. R. |last4=Akazawa |first4=H. |last5=Claver |first5=C. F. |last6=Guinan |first6=E. F. |last7=Landis |first7=H. J. |last8=Luedeke |first8=K. D. |last9=Ohkura |first9=N. |last10=Ohshima |first10=O. |last11=Skillman |first11=D. R. |year=1993 |arxiv=astro-ph/9304008 |doi=10.1093/mnras/263.3.781 |doi-access=free |s2cid=18596475 }}</ref><ref name=dr2e>{{cite DR2|265726298007969536}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist|refs=

<ref name="Krisciunas2">{{cite journal |last1=Krisciunas |first1=K. |last2=Aspin |first2=C. |last3=Geballe |first3=T. R. |last4=Akazawa |first4=H. |last5=Claver |first5=C. F. |last6=Guinan |first6=E. F. |last7=Landis |first7=H. J. |last8=Luedeke |first8=K. D. |last9=Ohkura |first9=N. |last10=Ohshima |first10=O. |last11=Skillman |first11=D. R. |title=The 9 Aurigae system |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |date=August 1993 |volume=263 |issue=3 |pages=781–788 |doi=10.1093/mnras/263.3.781 |doi-access=free |bibcode=1993MNRAS.263..781K |arxiv=astro-ph/9304008 }}</ref>

<ref name="Krisciunas1990">{{cite journal |last1=Krisciunas |first1=K. |last2=Guinan |first2=E. |title=Unexplained Light Variations of the F0 V Star 9 Aurigae |journal=Information Bulletin on Variable Stars |date=August 1990 |volume=3511 |pages=1-7 |bibcode=1990IBVS.3511....1K |url=https://ibvs.konkoly.hu/pub/ibvs/3501/3511.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref>

<ref name="Kazarovets1995">{{cite journal |last1=Kazarovets |first1=E. V. |last2=Samus |first2=N. N. |title=The 72nd Name-List of Variable Stars |journal=Information Bulletin on Variable Stars |date=January 1995 |volume=4140 |pages=1-28 |bibcode=1995IBVS.4140....1K |url=https://ibvs.konkoly.hu/pub/ibvs/4101/4140.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref>

}}


{{Stars of Auriga}}
{{Stars of Auriga}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:9 Aurigae}}
[[Category:Flamsteed objects|Aurigae, 09]]
[[Category:Flamsteed objects|Aurigae, 09]]
[[Category:Durchmusterung objects]]
[[Category:Durchmusterung objects]]
Line 84: Line 115:
[[Category:Henry Draper Catalogue objects|032537]]
[[Category:Henry Draper Catalogue objects|032537]]
[[Category:Hipparcos objects|023783]]
[[Category:Hipparcos objects|023783]]
[[Category:HR objects|1637]]
[[Category:Bright Star Catalogue objects|1637]]
[[Category:Spectroscopic binaries]]
[[Category:Spectroscopic binaries]]
[[Category:Multiple star systems]]
[[Category:Multiple star systems|5]]
[[Category:Auriga (constellation)]]
[[Category:Auriga]]
[[Category:Gamma Doradus variables]]
[[Category:Gamma Doradus variables]]
[[Category:F-type main-sequence stars]]
[[Category:F-type main-sequence stars]]

Latest revision as of 03:18, 1 December 2024

9 Aurigae
Location of 9 Aurigae (circled)
Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000
Constellation Auriga
Right ascension 05h 06m 40.62967s[1]
Declination +51° 35′ 51.8025″[1]
Apparent magnitude (V) 4.93 - 5.03[2]
Characteristics
Spectral type F2V[3]
U−B color index -0.03[4]
B−V color index +0.34[4]
Variable type γ Dor[5]
Astrometry
A
Radial velocity (Rv)−0.47±0.57[6] km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: −28.557[6] mas/yr
Dec.: −171.822[6] mas/yr
Parallax (π)37.0551 ± 0.1371 mas[6]
Distance88.0 ± 0.3 ly
(26.99 ± 0.10 pc)
B
Proper motion (μ) RA: −54.582[7] mas/yr
Dec.: −156.009[7] mas/yr
Parallax (π)37.0796 ± 0.0631 mas[7]
Distance88.0 ± 0.1 ly
(26.97 ± 0.05 pc)
C
Radial velocity (Rv)−1.88±0.17[7] km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: −32.386[8] mas/yr
Dec.: −173.026[8] mas/yr
Parallax (π)37.2115 ± 0.0184 mas[8]
Distance87.65 ± 0.04 ly
(26.87 ± 0.01 pc)
Orbit[9]
Period (P)391.7 d
Eccentricity (e)0.37
Semi-amplitude (K1)
(primary)		5.8 km/s
Details
A
Mass1.97[10] M☉
Radius1.56[5] R☉
Luminosity6.042[11] L☉
Surface gravity (log g)4.07[5] cgs
Temperature7,023[5] K
Metallicity [Fe/H]−0.12[5] dex
Rotational velocity (v sin i)21.0[5] km/s
B
Mass0.49[10] M☉
Temperature4,947[12] K
C
Mass0.751[13] M☉
Radius0.756[13] R☉
Luminosity0.162[14] L☉
Temperature4,633[14] K
Other designations
V398 Aur, BD+51°1024, GJ 9174, HD 32537, HIP 23783, HR 1637, SAO 25019
Database references
SIMBAD9 Aur A
9 Aur B
9 Aur C

9 Aurigae (9 Aur) is a star system in Auriga (constellation). It has an apparent magnitude of about 5, making it visible to the naked eye in many suburban skies.[15] Parallax estimates made by the Hipparcos spacecraft put it at about 86 light-years (26 parsecs) from the solar system,[1] although individual Gaia Data Release 3 parallaxes place all three components at 88 light years.

A visual band light curve for 9 Aurigae, adapted from Krisciunas et al. (1993)[16]

Kevin Krisciunas and Edward Francis Guinan discovered that the star is a variable star in 1990.[17] It is a well-studied Gamma Doradus variable,[5] and was one of the first stars to be so-classified.[18] This star type varies in luminosity due to non-radial pulsations.[18] Its apparent magnitude varies from 4.93 to 5.03 over a period of 1.25804 days.[2] For that reason it was given the variable star designation V398 Aurigae in 1995.[19][2]

9 Aurigae is a multiple star system. The naked-eye component A is a single-lined spectroscopic binary. Only the signature of an F-type main sequence star can be seen in the spectrum, but the periodic doppler shift of the absorption lines demonstrates that there is a hidden companion in a 391.7-day orbit. The gravitational interaction of the two bodies produces variations in their respective motions, which is what creates the doppler shift.[9]

Four other companions to 9 Aurigae are listed in multiple star catalogs.[20][21] The closest companion is a 12th-magnitude red dwarf 5″ away.[5] 90″ away is component C, a 9th-magnitude star with a spectral class of K5Ve,[22] which may also be a spectroscopic binary.[10] Further-separated still is a 14th-magnitude star, component D, proposed to be a more distant red giant,[23] although Gaia astrometry places it at a similar distance and with a similar proper motion.[24] The most widely-separated companion is component E, a distant unrelated star.[23][25]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c van Leeuwen, F.; et al. (2007). "Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 474 (2): 653–664. arXiv:0708.1752. Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357. S2CID 18759600.
  2. ^ a b c Samus, N. N.; Durlevich, O. V.; et al. (2009). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+ 2007-2013)". VizieR On-line Data Catalog: B/GCVS. Originally Published in: 2009yCat....102025S. 1. Bibcode:2009yCat....102025S.
  3. ^ Gray, R. O.; Corbally, C. J.; Garrison, R. F.; McFadden, M. T.; Bubar, E. J.; McGahee, C. E.; O'Donoghue, A. A.; Knox, E. R. (2006). "Contributions to the Nearby Stars (NStars) Project: Spectroscopy of Stars Earlier than M0 within 40 pc--The Southern Sample". The Astronomical Journal. 132 (1): 161–170. arXiv:astro-ph/0603770. Bibcode:2006AJ....132..161G. doi:10.1086/504637. S2CID 119476992.
  4. ^ a b Mermilliod, J.-C. (1986). "Compilation of Eggen's UBV data, transformed to UBV (unpublished)". Catalogue of Eggen's UBV Data. Bibcode:1986EgUBV........0M.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h Rachford, Brian L.; Foight, Dillon R. (2009). "Chromospheric Variability in Early F-Type Stars". The Astrophysical Journal. 698 (1): 786–802. arXiv:0904.1620. Bibcode:2009ApJ...698..786R. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/698/1/786. S2CID 693296.
  6. ^ a b c d Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv:2208.00211. Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940. S2CID 244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  7. ^ a b c d Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv:2208.00211. Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940. S2CID 244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  8. ^ a b c Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv:2208.00211. Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940. S2CID 244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  9. ^ a b Abt, Helmut A. (1965). "The Frequency of Binaries among Normal A-Type Stars". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 11: 429. Bibcode:1965ApJS...11..429A. doi:10.1086/190120.
  10. ^ a b c "HR 1637". Multiple Star Catalog. Archived from the original on 2020-09-16. Retrieved 2019-10-09.
  11. ^ Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (August 2018). "Gaia Data Release 2: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 616. A1. arXiv:1804.09365. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. Gaia DR2 record for this source at VizieR.
  12. ^ Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (August 2018). "Gaia Data Release 2: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 616. A1. arXiv:1804.09365. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. Gaia DR2 record for this source at VizieR.
  13. ^ a b Newton, Elisabeth R.; Irwin, Jonathan; Charbonneau, David; Berlind, Perry; Calkins, Michael L.; Mink, Jessica (2017). "The Hα Emission of Nearby M Dwarfs and its Relation to Stellar Rotation". The Astrophysical Journal. 834 (1): 85. arXiv:1611.03509. Bibcode:2017ApJ...834...85N. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/834/1/85. S2CID 55000202.
  14. ^ a b Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (August 2018). "Gaia Data Release 2: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 616. A1. arXiv:1804.09365. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. Gaia DR2 record for this source at VizieR.
  15. ^ Bortle, John E. (February 2001). "The Bortle Dark-Sky Scale". Sky & Telescope. Sky Publishing Corporation. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  16. ^ Krisciunas, K.; Aspin, C.; Geballe, T. R.; Akazawa, H.; Claver, C. F.; Guinan, E. F.; Landis, H. J.; Luedeke, K. D.; Ohkura, N.; Ohshima, O.; Skillman, D. R. (August 1993). "The 9 Aurigae system". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 263 (3): 781–788. arXiv:astro-ph/9304008. Bibcode:1993MNRAS.263..781K. doi:10.1093/mnras/263.3.781.
  17. ^ Krisciunas, K.; Guinan, E. (August 1990). "Unexplained Light Variations of the F0 V Star 9 Aurigae" (PDF). Information Bulletin on Variable Stars. 3511: 1–7. Bibcode:1990IBVS.3511....1K. Retrieved 1 December 2024.
  18. ^ a b Krisciunas, K.; Griffin, R. F.; Guinan, E. F.; Luedeke, K. D.; McCook, G. P. (1995). "9 Aurigae: Strong evidence for non-radial pulsations". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 273 (3): 662. arXiv:astro-ph/9407094. Bibcode:1995MNRAS.273..662K. doi:10.1093/mnras/273.3.662. S2CID 117588180.
  19. ^ Kazarovets, E. V.; Samus, N. N. (January 1995). "The 72nd Name-List of Variable Stars" (PDF). Information Bulletin on Variable Stars. 4140: 1–28. Bibcode:1995IBVS.4140....1K. Retrieved 1 December 2024.
  20. ^ Dommanget, J.; Nys, O. (1994). "Catalogue des composantes d'etoiles doubles et multiples (CCDM) premiere edition - Catalogue of the components of double and multiple stars (CCDM) first edition". Com. De l'Observ. Royal de Belgique. 115: 1. Bibcode:1994CoORB.115....1D.
  21. ^ Mason, Brian D.; Wycoff, Gary L.; Hartkopf, William I.; Douglass, Geoffrey G.; Worley, Charles E. (2001). "The 2001 US Naval Observatory Double Star CD-ROM. I. The Washington Double Star Catalog". The Astronomical Journal. 122 (6): 3466–3471. Bibcode:2001AJ....122.3466M. doi:10.1086/323920.
  22. ^ Alonso-Floriano, F. J.; Morales, J. C.; Caballero, J. A.; Montes, D.; Klutsch, A.; Mundt, R.; Cortés-Contreras, M.; Ribas, I.; Reiners, Ansgar; Amado, P. J.; Quirrenbach, A.; Jeffers, S. V. (2015). "CARMENES input catalogue of M dwarfs". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 577: A128. arXiv:1502.07580. Bibcode:2015A&A...577A.128A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201525803. S2CID 53135130.
  23. ^ a b Krisciunas, K.; Aspin, C.; Geballe, T. R.; Akazawa, H.; Claver, C. F.; Guinan, E. F.; Landis, H. J.; Luedeke, K. D.; Ohkura, N.; Ohshima, O.; Skillman, D. R. (1993). "The 9 Aurigae system". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 263 (3): 781–788. arXiv:astro-ph/9304008. Bibcode:1993MNRAS.263..781K. doi:10.1093/mnras/263.3.781. S2CID 18596475.
  24. ^ Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv:2208.00211. Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940. S2CID 244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  25. ^ Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (August 2018). "Gaia Data Release 2: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 616. A1. arXiv:1804.09365. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. Gaia DR2 record for this source at VizieR.
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