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Coordinates: 36°48′21″N 3°13′48″E / 36.8058°N 3.2301°E / 36.8058; 3.2301
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{{Infobox ancient site
[[File:Tamentfoust-vue-port.jpg|thumb|Tamentfoust port]]
|name = Tamentfoust
'''Tamentfoust''' (in [[Arabic]]: تمنتفوست), also known as '''La Pérouse''', was an ancient [[Roman Empire|Roman]]-[[Berbers|Berber]] city in the [[Dar El Beïda District|Dar El Beïda]] district of [[Algiers]], [[Algeria]]. It was the bishopric of '''Rusginiae''', and is now also a [[Latin Catholic]] [[titular see]].
|alternate_name = Rusguniae<br>La Pérouse
|image = Tamentfoust-vue-port.jpg
|caption = Tamentfoust port
|map_type = Algeria
|map_size = 250
|location = [[Algeria]]
|region = [[Algiers Province]]
|coordinates = {{coord|36.75|5.066667|display=inline}}
|embedded={{Infobox lighthouse | embed=yes | qid = Q28940223
| location = Cap Matifou<br>Tamentfoust<br>[[Algeria]]
| coordinates = {{coord|36|48|42.2|N|3|14|43.29|E|type:landmark|display=inline}}
| yearbuilt = 1868
| yeardeactivated =
| foundation = masonry base
| construction = masonry tower
| shape = quadrangular tower with balcony and light attached to 1-storey keeper’s house<ref>{{Cite rowlett|dza|access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref>
| marking = white tower
| height = {{convert|6|m|ft}}
| focalheight = {{convert|74|m|ft}}<ref name=listoflights113>{{cite ngall|113|2015|}}</ref>
| lightsource = main power
| range = {{convert|23|nmi}}<ref name=listoflights113/>
| characteristic = Fl (3) W 15s.<ref name=listoflights113/>
| managingagent = Office Nationale de Signalisation Maritime
}}
}}{{Short description|Site in the Dar El Beïda District of Algiers in Algeria}}
'''Tamentfoust''' ({{langx|ar|تمنتفوست}}), the [[classical antiquity|classical]] '''[[Rusguniae_(ruins)|Rusguniae]]''' and [[French Algeria|colonial]] {{nowrap|'''La Pérouse'''}}, is a site in the [[Dar El Beïda District]] of [[Algiers]] in [[Algeria]].


== Geography ==
==Geography==
Tamentfoust forms a cap on the Algiers bay - its position on the righthand side of this bay gave rise to the [[Amazigh language|Amazigh]] name "Tamentfoust" meaning "right hand" or "right side".
Tamentfoust lies on [[Cape Matifou]], which forms the northeast side of the [[Bay of Algiers]].


{{anchor|Etymology|Toponymy|Name}}
== Different names ==
The port has had many names over history:


==Names==
{| class="wikitable"
{{further|Maghreb placename etymology}}
|-
! Name
! Origin
! Meaning
|-
| Rusguniae
| [[Punic]]
| Bush Cape
|-
| Rusgunia
| [[Latin]]
| from Punic Rusguniae
|-
| Tamentfoust
| [[Amazigh language|Amazigh]]
| Right hand / Right side
|-
| Matifou
| [[Spanish (language)|Spanish (approx 14th century)]]
| Alteration of "Tamentfoust"
|-
| La Pérouse
| Colonial
| from the name of French explorer; [[Jean-François de Galaup, comte de La Pérouse]]
|}


The Roman name ''{{lang|la|Rusguniae}}'' is a [[latinization of names|latinization]] of the [[Punic language|Punic]] name {{sc|ršgny}} ({{lang|xpu|𐤓𐤔𐤂‬𐤍‬𐤉‬‬}}), meaning "[[Francolin]] [[Headland|Cape]]" and referring to nearby Cape Matifou.{{sfnp|Huss|2006}} [[Claudius Ptolemy|Ptolemy]] [[hellenization|hellenized]] the name as ''Rhoustónion'' ({{langx|grc|Ῥουστόνιον}}),<ref>[[Claudius Ptolemy|Ptol.]], ''[[Ptolemy's Geography|Geogr.]]'', Book IV, Ch. ii, §6.</ref> and it appears in late sources as '''Rusgume''',<ref>''[[Ravenna Cosmography|Rav. Cosmogr.]]'', 40.43.</ref> '''Rugunie''',<ref>''[[Ravenna Cosmography|Rav. Cosmogr.]]'', 88.13.</ref> and '''Rusgimia'''.<ref>[[Guido of Pisa|Guido]], ''Geogr.'', 132.22.</ref>
== History ==
Rusguniae was important enough in the [[Roman province]] of [[Mauretania Caesariensis]] to become a [[suffragan]] bishopric of its capital [[Caesarea Mauretaniae]]'s Metropolitan Archbishopric. It would later fade.


The French name ''{{lang|fr|La Pérouse}}'' (literally "[[Perugia]]") honored the naval officer and explorer [[Jean-François de Galaup, comte de La Pérouse|Jean-François de Galaup]], who owned an estate of that name.
=== Titular see ===
The diocese was nominally restored as a Latin Catholic [[titular bishopric]] .


Tamentfoust is a [[Amazigh language|Berber]] name for "right side", from the cape's position relative to [[Algiers]]. The present name of the cape, Matifou, is a 14th-century [[Spanish language|Spanish]] approximation of the Berber name.
It has had the following incumbents, all of the lowest (episcopal) rank :

==History==
[[Rusguniae_(ruins)|Rusguniae]] was established as a [[Phoenician colonies|colony]] along the trade route between the [[Strait of Gibraltar]] and [[Phoenicia]]. It consisted of a small fortress on Cape Matifou.{{sfnp|Huss|2006}} It eventually fell under [[Carthaginian Empire|Carthaginian]] control, probably during the 6th century{{nbsp}}BC.

After the [[Punic Wars]], the area fell under [[Roman Republic|Roman]] hegemony and [[Augustus]] established a [[Roman colony|colony]] there<ref>[[Pliny the Elder|Plin]]., [[Pliny's Natural History|''Nat. Hist.'']], [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/L/Roman/Texts/Pliny_the_Elder/5*.html Book V, §20.]</ref><ref>[[Antonine Itinerary|''Ant. Itin.'']], 16.1.</ref> for the [[9th Legion]] at some point during his reign.{{sfnp|Huss|2006}}

In [[late antiquity]], it was part of the [[Vandal Kingdom]] prior to the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] [[Vandalic War|reconquest of Africa]]. It was [[Islamic conquest of the Maghreb|overrun]] by the [[Umayyad Caliphate]] in the 7th century.

[[Bordj Tamentfoust]] or Tamentfoust Castle was built by [[Ramdhan Agha]] in 1661. It was the site of the official declaration of a [[jihad]] against [[July Monarchy|France]] on 23 July 1830, in response to the [[Invasion of Algiers in 1830|French invasion]] of the country.

==Religion==
Rusguniae was a [[Early Christianity|Christian]] [[bishopric]]. It was notionally restored as a [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]] [[titular see]] in the 20th century:

===List of bishops===
* José Gabriel Anaya y Diez de Bonilla (1967.09.15 – 1976.01.06)
* José Gabriel Anaya y Diez de Bonilla (1967.09.15 – 1976.01.06)
* Paul Zinghtung Grawng (1976.01.24 – 1976.12.09)
* Paul Zinghtung Grawng (1976.01.24 – 1976.12.09) as [[Auxiliary Bishop]] of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Myitkyina|Myitkyina]] (Myanmar) (1976.01.24 – 1976.12.09), succeeding as Bishop of Myitkyina (1976.12.09 – 2003.05.24), also President of Myanmar Catholic Bishops’ Conference (1982 – 1992); later Metropolitan Archbishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mandalay|Mandalay]] (Myanmar) (2003.05.24 – 2014.04.03) and President of Myanmar Catholic Bishops’ Conference (2006 – 2012)
* Rigoberto Corredor Bermúdez (1988.02.26 – 1996.11.30)
* Rigoberto Corredor Bermúdez (1988.02.26 – 1996.11.30)
* Anthony Ireri Mukobo, [[Consolata Missionaries]] (I.M.C.) (1999.12.22 – ...), [[Apostolic Vicar]] of [[Apostolic Vicariate of Isiolo|Isiolo]] (Kenya)
* Anthony Ireri Mukobo, [[Consolata Missionaries|IMC]] (1999.12.22 – present)


== Monuments and edifices ==
== Ruins ==
The city has a series of historical buildings, such as Tamentfoust Castle (now a museum) built by Ramdhan Agha in 1661, and the vestiges of the ancient Roman city of [[Rusguniae]]. Maritime history is represented by the "Naval Academy of Tamentfoust" known as the biggest naval academy on the continent. The views from the harbour are also a big attraction for visitors.
Alongside the museum at [[Bordj Tamentfoust]], the site also has ruins of Roman Rusguniae. Maritime history is represented by the Naval Academy of Tamentfoust, known as the biggest naval academy on the continent. The views from the harbor are also a major attraction for visitors.


==Gallery==
<gallery>
<gallery>
File:Fort-tamentfoust.jpg|Castle of Tamentfoust
File:Fort-tamentfoust.jpg|[[Bordj Tamentfoust]]
File:Mosaic_of_Rusguniae.jpg |Mosaic of Rusguniae
File:Mosaic_of_Rusguniae.jpg |Mosaic of Rusguniae
File:Eglise-sml.jpg |Old church</gallery>
File:Eglise-sml.jpg |Old church
</gallery>


==See also==
== Sources and External links ==
*[[List of lighthouses in Algeria]]

==References==
===Citations===
{{reflist|30em}}

===Bibliography===
* {{citation |last=Huss |first=Werner |author-link=Werner Huß |contribution=Rusguniae |location=Leiden |publisher=Brill |title=Brill's New Pauly Encyclopedia of the Ancient World |date=2006 |editor=Hubert Cancik |editor2=Helmuth Schneider |editor3=Christine F. Salazar |editor4=Manfred Landfester |editor5=Francis G. Gentry |display-editors=0 }}.

== External links ==
* [http://tamentfoust.blogspot.com Blog de Tamentfoust (Association Culturelle de Tmentfoust)]
* [http://tamentfoust.blogspot.com Blog de Tamentfoust (Association Culturelle de Tmentfoust)]
* [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/former/t1478.htm GCatholic, with titular incumbent biography links]
* [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/former/t1478.htm GCatholic, with titular incumbent biography links]


{{Portal bar|Engineering}}
{{Algiers Province}}
{{Algiers Province}}
{{Neighbourhoods in Algiers}}
{{Phoenician colonies}}


{{Coord|36.8058|3.2301|type:city|display=title}}
{{Coord|36.8058|3.2301|type:city|display=title}}

{{Authority control | additional=Q28940223}}


[[Category:Mediterranean port cities and towns in Algeria]]
[[Category:Mediterranean port cities and towns in Algeria]]
[[Category:Algiers]]
[[Category:Algiers]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Algiers]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Algiers]]
[[Category:Lighthouses in Algeria]]

[[Category:Phoenician colonies in Algeria]]
{{Algiers-geo-stub}}

Latest revision as of 17:09, 28 November 2024

Tamentfoust
Tamentfoust port
Tamentfoust is located in Algeria
Tamentfoust
Shown within Algeria
Alternative nameRusguniae
La Pérouse
LocationAlgeria
RegionAlgiers Province
Coordinates36°45′00″N 5°04′00″E / 36.75°N 5.066667°E / 36.75; 5.066667
Cap Matifou Lighthouse Edit this at Wikidata
Coordinates36°48′42.2″N 3°14′43.29″E / 36.811722°N 3.2453583°E / 36.811722; 3.2453583
Constructed1868
Foundationmasonry base
Constructionmasonry tower
Height6 metres (20 ft)
Shapequadrangular tower with balcony and light attached to 1-storey keeper’s house[2]
Markingswhite tower
OperatorOffice Nationale de Signalisation Maritime
Focal height74 metres (243 ft)[1]
Light sourcemain power
Range23 nautical miles (43 km; 26 mi)[1]
CharacteristicFl (3) W 15s.[1]

Tamentfoust (Arabic: تمنتفوست), the classical Rusguniae and colonial La Pérouse, is a site in the Dar El Beïda District of Algiers in Algeria.

Geography

[edit]

Tamentfoust lies on Cape Matifou, which forms the northeast side of the Bay of Algiers.

Names

[edit]
Further information: Maghreb placename etymology

The Roman name Rusguniae is a latinization of the Punic name RŠGNY (𐤓𐤔𐤂‬𐤍‬𐤉‬‬), meaning "Francolin Cape" and referring to nearby Cape Matifou.[3] Ptolemy hellenized the name as Rhoustónion (Ancient Greek: Ῥουστόνιον),[4] and it appears in late sources as Rusgume,[5] Rugunie,[6] and Rusgimia.[7]

The French name La Pérouse (literally "Perugia") honored the naval officer and explorer Jean-François de Galaup, who owned an estate of that name.

Tamentfoust is a Berber name for "right side", from the cape's position relative to Algiers. The present name of the cape, Matifou, is a 14th-century Spanish approximation of the Berber name.

History

[edit]

Rusguniae was established as a colony along the trade route between the Strait of Gibraltar and Phoenicia. It consisted of a small fortress on Cape Matifou.[3] It eventually fell under Carthaginian control, probably during the 6th century BC.

After the Punic Wars, the area fell under Roman hegemony and Augustus established a colony there[8][9] for the 9th Legion at some point during his reign.[3]

In late antiquity, it was part of the Vandal Kingdom prior to the Byzantine reconquest of Africa. It was overrun by the Umayyad Caliphate in the 7th century.

Bordj Tamentfoust or Tamentfoust Castle was built by Ramdhan Agha in 1661. It was the site of the official declaration of a jihad against France on 23 July 1830, in response to the French invasion of the country.

Religion

[edit]

Rusguniae was a Christian bishopric. It was notionally restored as a Catholic titular see in the 20th century:

List of bishops

[edit]
  • José Gabriel Anaya y Diez de Bonilla (1967.09.15 – 1976.01.06)
  • Paul Zinghtung Grawng (1976.01.24 – 1976.12.09)
  • Rigoberto Corredor Bermúdez (1988.02.26 – 1996.11.30)
  • Anthony Ireri Mukobo, IMC (1999.12.22 – present)

Ruins

[edit]

Alongside the museum at Bordj Tamentfoust, the site also has ruins of Roman Rusguniae. Maritime history is represented by the Naval Academy of Tamentfoust, known as the biggest naval academy on the continent. The views from the harbor are also a major attraction for visitors.

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c List of Lights, Pub. 113: The West Coasts of Europe and Africa, the Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea and Azovskoye More (Sea of Azov) (PDF). List of Lights. United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. 2015.
  2. ^ Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of Western Algeria". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 3 May 2017.
  3. ^ a b c Huss (2006).
  4. ^ Ptol., Geogr., Book IV, Ch. ii, §6.
  5. ^ Rav. Cosmogr., 40.43.
  6. ^ Rav. Cosmogr., 88.13.
  7. ^ Guido, Geogr., 132.22.
  8. ^ Plin., Nat. Hist., Book V, §20.
  9. ^ Ant. Itin., 16.1.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Huss, Werner (2006), "Rusguniae", Brill's New Pauly Encyclopedia of the Ancient World, Leiden: Brill.
[edit]


36°48′21″N 3°13′48″E / 36.8058°N 3.2301°E / 36.8058; 3.2301

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