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{{Short description|Kra–Dai language spoken in Vietnam}}
{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|name=Tai Yo
| name = Tai Yo
| image = Tai Yo script.svg
⚫
|region=[[Isan]], [[Mekong]] floodplain, Vietnam
| imagecaption = The word "Tai Yo" written in the Lai Tay script
⚫
|speakers={{sigfig|57,500|1}}
| imagescale = 0.3
⚫
|date=1990 – 1995 census
⚫
| region = [[Isan]], [[Mekong]] floodplain, [[Vietnam]]
|ref=e18
⚫
| speakers = {{sigfig|57,500|1}}
⚫
|familycolor=Kradai
⚫
| date = 1990 – 1995 census
|fam1=[[Kra–Dai languages|Kra–Dai]]
| ref = e18
⚫
|fam2=[[Tai languages|Tai]]
⚫
| familycolor = Kra-Dai
|fam3=[[Northern Tai languages|Northern]]<ref name=Chamb91>Chamberlain (1991), p. 119</ref>
⚫
| fam2 = [[Tai languages|Tai]]
|script= [[Vietnamese alphabet]], [[Thai script]]
| fam3 = [[Northern Tai languages|Northern]]<ref name=Chamb91>Chamberlain (1991), p. 119</ref> or [[Southwestern Tai language|Southwestern]]<ref>{{Cite book |author=Pittayawat Pittayaporn |year=2009 |title=The Phonology of Proto-Tai |publisher=PhD dissertation, Department of Linguistics, Cornell University |page=318}}</ref>
|lc1=tyj|ld1=Tai Do
| script = [[Vietnamese alphabet]] (Vietnam)<br />[[Thai script]] (Thailand)<br />[[Lai Tay script]] (archaic)
|lc2=nyw|ld2=Tai Nyaw
| lc1 = tyj
⚫
|glotto=taid1248
|glottorefname=Tai Do-Mene-Yo
| ld1 = Tai Yo
| lc2 = nyw
| ld2 = Tai Nyaw
⚫
| glotto = taid1248
| glottorefname = Tai Do-Mene-Yo
| nativename = ไทญ้อ
| ethnicity = [[Nyaw people|Nyaw]]
}}
}}


'''Tai Yo''', also known as '''Tai Mene''' and '''Nyaw''', is a [[Tai languages|Tai language]] of Southeast Asia. It is closely related to [[Tai Pao language|Tai Pao]] of Vietnam, where it may have originated. It was once written in a unique script, the [[Tai Yo script]], but that is no longer in use.<ref name="e18"/> The language is known regionally in Laos and Thailand as ''Tai Mène'' and ''Tai Nyaw'' and, in Vietnam as ''Tai Do'' and ''Tai Quy Chau''.<ref>[http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/cr_files/2015-019.pdf]</ref> Superficially, Tai Yo appears to be a [[Southwestern Tai language]] but this is only because of centuries of [[language contact]] and it is properly classified with the [[Northern Tai languages]].<ref name=Chamb91 /> The [[Lao Nyo language|''Nyaw''/''Nyo'']] spoken in central Thailand and western Cambodia is a dialect of Lao and not the same as Tai Yo.<ref>Thananan (2014)</ref>
'''Tai Yo''' ({{langx|th|ไทญ้อ}}), also known as '''Tai Mène''' ({{langx|th|ไทแมน}}) and '''(Tai) Nyaw''' ({{langx|th|ญ้อ}}), is a [[Tai languages|Tai language]] of [[Southeast Asia]]. It is closely related to [[Tai Pao language|Tai Pao]] of [[Vietnam]], where it may have originated. It was once written in a unique script, the [[Tai Yo script]], but that is no longer in use.<ref name="e18"/> The language is known regionally in [[Laos]] and [[Thailand]] as ''Tai Mène'' and ''Tai Nyaw'' and, in [[Vietnam]] as ''Tai Do'' (old-fashioned English transcription) and ''Tai Quy Chau''.<ref name="proposed">{{Citation |author=ISO 639-3 Registration Authority |title=Request for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code |date=2015 |url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2015/2015-019.pdf |id=Request number 2015-019 |mode=cs1}}</ref> Superficially, Tai Yo appears to be a [[Southwestern Tai language]] but this is only because of centuries of [[language contact]] and it is properly classified with the [[Northern Tai languages]].<ref name=Chamb91 /> The [[Lao Nyo language|''Nyaw''/''Nyo'']] spoken in central [[Thailand]] and western [[Cambodia]] is not the same as Tai Yo.<ref>Thananan (2014)</ref>


==Tai Mène==
==Tai Mène (Tai Maen)==
The Mène people of Laos claim to be from Xieng Mène (also Xieng My) in Vietnam. These two names correspond to the following two towns in [[Nghệ An Province]], Vietnam, located near [[Quỳ Châu District|Quỳ Châu]] (Chamberlain 1998).
The Mène people of Laos claim to be from Xieng Mène (also Xieng My) in Vietnam. These two names correspond to the following two towns in [[Nghệ An Province]], Vietnam, located near [[Quỳ Châu District|Quỳ Châu]] (Chamberlain 1998).


*'''Xiếng Líp''': located at the Nam Lip and Nam Chou (Houay Cha Ha) confluence, near the Cha Ha and Nam Ngoen (Ngân) confluence (which converge to form the Nam Souang or Houay Nguyên).
*'''Xiềng Líp''': located at the Nam Lip and Nam Chou (Houay Cha Ha) confluence, near the Cha Ha and Nam Ngoen (Ngân) confluence (which converge to form the Nam Souang or Houay Nguyên).
*'''Bản Pốt''': located further east on the Nam Ngân.
*'''Bản Pốt''': located further east on the Nam Ngân.


Tai Mène appears to be related to Tai Pao (''paaw 4'' < *''baaw A''), whose speakers claim to have originated from [[Tương Dương District]], Nghệ An province, Vietnam (Chamberlain 1991). Tai Mène or related languages may have also been spoken in [[Thường Xuân District]], Thanh Hóa, Vietnam by the Yo (Do) people (Robequain 1929).
Tai Mène appears to be related to [[Tai Pao language|Tai Pao]] (''paaw 4'' < *''baaw A''),<ref name=tone>See [[Proto-Tai language#Tones]] for an explanation of the tone codes.</ref> whose speakers claim to have originated from [[Tương Dương District]], Nghệ An province, Vietnam (Chamberlain 1991). Tai Mène or related languages may have also been spoken in [[Thường Xuân District]], Thanh Hóa, Vietnam by the Yo (Do) people (Robequain 1929).


===Distribution===
===Distribution===
Tai Mène is spoken in [[Borikhamxay Province]], in many villages of Khamkeut District and several villages in [[Viengthong District, Bolikhamsai|Vieng Thong District]] (Chamberlain 1998). The [[Vietic languages]] Liha, Phong, Toum, Ayoy, Maleng, and Thaveung are spoken nearby.
Tai Mène is spoken in [[Borikhamxay Province]], in many villages of [[Khamkeut District]] and several villages in [[Viengthong District, Bolikhamsai|Vieng Thong District]] (Chamberlain 1998). The [[Vietic languages|Vietic]] languages [[Liha language|Liha]], [[Phong language|Phong]], [[Toum language|Toum]], Ayoy, [[Maleng language|Maleng]], and [[Thavung language|Thaveung]] are spoken nearby.


*'''Lak Xao subdistrict''': Ban Phon Hong, Ban Houay Keo
*'''Lak Xao subdistrict''': Ban Phon Hong, Ban Houay Keo
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*Chamberlain, James R. 1998. "[http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/chamberlain1998origin.pdf The Origin of the Sek: Implications for Tai and Vietnamese History]". ''Journal of the Siam Society'' 86.1 & 86.2: 27-48.
*Chamberlain, James R. 1998. "[http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/chamberlain1998origin.pdf The Origin of the Sek: Implications for Tai and Vietnamese History]". ''Journal of the Siam Society'' 86.1 & 86.2: 27-48.
*Finot, Louis. 1917. ''Recherches sur la Littérature Laotienne''. BEFEO 17.5.
*Finot, Louis. 1917. ''Recherches sur la Littérature Laotienne''. BEFEO 17.5.
*Robequain, Charles. 1929. ''Le Thanh Hod''. EFEO, Paris et Bruxelles.
*Robequain, Charles. 1929. ''Le Thanh Hoá''. EFEO, Paris et Bruxelles.
*Thananan, Trongdee. 2014. "[http://www.manusya.journals.chula.ac.th/files/essay/Thananon%2069-85.pdf The Lao-speaking Nyo in Banteay Meanchey Province of Cambodia]". In ''Research Findings in Southeast Asian Linguistics, a Festschrift in Honor of Professor Pranee Kullavanijaya''. ''Manusya'', Special Issue 20. Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University Press.
*Thananan, Trongdee. 2014. "[http://www.manusya.journals.chula.ac.th/files/essay/Thananon%2069-85.pdf The Lao-speaking Nyo in Banteay Meanchey Province of Cambodia]". In ''Research Findings in Southeast Asian Linguistics, a Festschrift in Honor of Professor Pranee Kullavanijaya''. ''Manusya'', Special Issue 20. Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University Press.
{{refend}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
* [https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2022/22152-yo-lai-tay-script.pdf "Preliminary Proposal to encode the Yo Lai Tay Script"]


{{Tai-Kadai languages}}
{{Tai-Kadai languages}}


[[Category:Tai languages]]
[[Category:Southwestern Tai languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Thailand]]
[[Category:Languages of Thailand]]
[[Category:Languages of Laos]]
[[Category:Languages of Laos]]

Latest revision as of 02:34, 25 November 2024

Tai Yo
ไทญ้อ
The word "Tai Yo" written in the Lai Tay script
RegionIsan, Mekong floodplain, Vietnam
EthnicityNyaw
Native speakers
(60,000 cited 1990 – 1995 census)[1]
Vietnamese alphabet (Vietnam)
Thai script (Thailand)
Lai Tay script (archaic)
Language codes
ISO 639-3Either:
tyj – Tai Yo
nyw – Tai Nyaw
Glottologtaid1248

Tai Yo (Thai: ไทญ้อ), also known as Tai Mène (Thai: ไทแมน) and (Tai) Nyaw (Thai: ญ้อ), is a Tai language of Southeast Asia. It is closely related to Tai Pao of Vietnam, where it may have originated. It was once written in a unique script, the Tai Yo script, but that is no longer in use.[1] The language is known regionally in Laos and Thailand as Tai Mène and Tai Nyaw and, in Vietnam as Tai Do (old-fashioned English transcription) and Tai Quy Chau.[4] Superficially, Tai Yo appears to be a Southwestern Tai language but this is only because of centuries of language contact and it is properly classified with the Northern Tai languages.[2] The Nyaw/Nyo spoken in central Thailand and western Cambodia is not the same as Tai Yo.[5]

Tai Mène (Tai Maen)

[edit]

The Mène people of Laos claim to be from Xieng Mène (also Xieng My) in Vietnam. These two names correspond to the following two towns in Nghệ An Province, Vietnam, located near Quỳ Châu (Chamberlain 1998).

  • Xiềng Líp: located at the Nam Lip and Nam Chou (Houay Cha Ha) confluence, near the Cha Ha and Nam Ngoen (Ngân) confluence (which converge to form the Nam Souang or Houay Nguyên).
  • Bản Pốt: located further east on the Nam Ngân.

Tai Mène appears to be related to Tai Pao (paaw 4 < *baaw A),[6] whose speakers claim to have originated from Tương Dương District, Nghệ An province, Vietnam (Chamberlain 1991). Tai Mène or related languages may have also been spoken in Thường Xuân District, Thanh Hóa, Vietnam by the Yo (Do) people (Robequain 1929).

Distribution

[edit]

Tai Mène is spoken in Borikhamxay Province, in many villages of Khamkeut District and several villages in Vieng Thong District (Chamberlain 1998). The Vietic languages Liha, Phong, Toum, Ayoy, Maleng, and Thaveung are spoken nearby.

  • Lak Xao subdistrict: Ban Phon Hong, Ban Houay Keo
  • Khamkeut subdistrict: Ban Phon Sa-at, Ban Phon Meuang Noy
  • Na Heuang subdistrict: Lak 10, Lak 12, Na Khi
  • Nam Sak subdistrict: Ban Phon Ngam, Ban Sop Khi
  • Sop Chat subdistrict: Ban Sop Chat, Ban Sop Mong, Ban Phon Keo, Ban Sène Sy, Ban Tham Bing, Ban Phiang Pone
  • Ka'ane subdistrict: Ban Thène Kwang, Ban Pha Poun, Ban Phiang Phô, Ban Sane, Ban Kok Feuang
  • Phon Thoen subdistrict: Keng Kwang, Ban Kătô', Ban Kane Nha, Ban Keng Bit, Ban Sop Gnouang, Ban Vang Xao, Ban Tha Bak, Ban Kăpap
  • Sop Pone subdistrict: Ban Sot, Ban Tha Sala, Ban Boung Kham
  • Tha Veng subdistrict: Ban Phon Xay, Ban Kong Phat, Ban Xam Toey, Ban Na Khwan, Ban Phou Viang

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Tai Yo at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Tai Nyaw at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ^ a b Chamberlain (1991), p. 119
  3. ^ Pittayawat Pittayaporn (2009). The Phonology of Proto-Tai. PhD dissertation, Department of Linguistics, Cornell University. p. 318.
  4. ^ ISO 639-3 Registration Authority (2015). Request for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code (PDF). Request number 2015-019.{{citation}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ Thananan (2014)
  6. ^ See Proto-Tai language#Tones for an explanation of the tone codes.

Further reading

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References

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