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Dorothy Noel 'Dorf' Bonarjee (1894–1983) was an Indian poet and artist who was known for being awarded a Bardic chair while a student in Wales and for being the first woman internal student to be awarded a law degree by University College London.^[1] The first collection of her poetry was published in 2023, more than a century after it was written.

Biography

Early life

Bonarjee was born into a Bengali Christian family in Bareilly in north India in August 1894.^[2] Her father was a barrister. Along with her brothers, Bonarjee spent much of her childhood in Dulwich in south London and was largely educated in England.^[3]

Higher education and poetry

In 1912, Bonarjee enrolled to study for a degree in French at the University College of Wales at Aberystwyth. While a student, she published poetry in the college journal The Dragon and in Welsh Outlook. In February 1914, she was awarded the Bardic chair at the college Eisteddfod for verse submitted under a pseudonym.^[4] She was the first woman and first non-European to win the college Eisteddfod. Her father, who was present, agreed to demands to address the gathering, thanking those present for the way they had 'received a successful competitor of a different race and country'.^[1] Among Bonarjee's papers are more than sixty printed and manuscript poems. Alongside one is a note: 'Written at the age of 22 when a Welsh student after 3 years of secret engagement dropped me because his parents said "She is very beautiful and intelligent but she is Indian."'^[1]

A critical article devoted to Bonarjee's poetry commented that she 'doubtless has a bright and hopeful career before her'.^[5] Bonarjee went on to University College, London, where, in 1917, she became the first woman internal student to be awarded a law degree (LLB)^[6]^[7] - though she never practiced law.^[8]

Later life

Bonarjee was a supporter of women's suffrage and in 1919, along with her mother, signed the Indian Women's Franchise Address.^[8]

Rather than returning to India to join her parents, in 1921 Bonarjee married the French artist Paul Surtel [fr]. They lived in Provence, France. The couple had two children - Denis, who died in infancy, and Claire Aruna - before divorcing.^[2] Bonarjee painted particularly still life and landscapes. She died in 1983.^[8]

Memory

Dorothy Bonarjee was the subject of a radio documentary, The Hindu Bard, broadcast on the BBC World Service in December 2020 and later adapted for broadcast on BBC Radio Wales.^[9] One of her poems, "Immensity" was included in an anthology on women and nature published in 2021.^[10]

In February 2023, the first ever collection of Dorothy Bonarjee's poetry was published in Honno's Welsh Women's Classics series, with the title The Hindu Bard and introductions about Bonarjee's life and poetry by Mohini Gupta and Andrew Whitehead.^[11] The book was selected by The Guardian as one of its paperbacks of the month in March 2023.^[12]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Whitehead, Andrew (27 December 2020). "'She is beautiful but she is Indian': The student who became a Welsh bard at 19". BBC. Archived from the original on 25 January 2024. Retrieved 12 June 2024.
^ ^a ^b Whitehead, Andrew (2020). "Dorothy Bonarjee: Bard of Aberystwyth". Planet. 238: 70–76.
^ Bonarjee, N.B. (1970). Under Two Masters. Oxford University Press. pp. 37-57. ISBN 978-0-19-560005-6. OCLC 473638554. OL 6791089W – via Internet Archive.
^ "Hindu Lady Chaired". Cambria Daily Leader. 2 March 1914. p. 1. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 12 June 2024 – via National Library of Wales.
^ Harihar Das, 'The Poetry of Dorothy Noel Bonarjee' The Indus, November 1922, pp50-53
^ Auchmuty, Rosemary (4 April 2008). "Early Women Law Students at Cambridge and Oxford". The Journal of Legal History. 29 (1): 63–97. doi:10.1080/01440360801903588. ISSN 0144-0365. S2CID 144599588.
^ "Index of Graduates by Surname: B". University of London: the Historical Record (1836-1926). University of London Press. 1926. pp. 307–341. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2020 – via British History Online.
^ ^a ^b ^c Jenkins, Beth R. (7 September 2020). "Bonarjee, Dorothy Noel ('Dorf') (1894 - 1983), poet and lawyer". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. Archived from the original on 1 December 2023. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
^ "The Hindu Bard". The Documentary Podcast. BBC World Service. 29 December 2020. Archived from the original on 25 March 2023. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
^ Norbury, Katharine, ed. (2021). Women on Nature: An Anthology of Women's Writing about the Natural World in the East Atlantic Archipelago. London: Unbound. p. 57. ISBN 978-1-80018-041-3. OCLC 1191711651.
^ Bonarjee, Dorothy (2023). Gupta, Mohini; Whitehead, Andrew (eds.). The Hindu Bard: The Poetry of Dorothy Bonarjee. Aberystwyth: Honno. ISBN 9781912905782. OCLC 1356961544.
^ Smith, P.D. (13 March 2023). "This month's best paperbacks". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 1 April 2023. Retrieved 12 June 2024.

External links

[whitehead_bbc-1] Whitehead, Andrew (27 December 2020). "'She is beautiful but she is Indian': The student who became a Welsh bard at 19". BBC. Archived from the original on 25 January 2024. Retrieved 12 June 2024.

[whitehead_planet-2] Whitehead, Andrew (2020). "Dorothy Bonarjee: Bard of Aberystwyth". Planet. 238: 70–76.

[3] Bonarjee, N.B. (1970). Under Two Masters. Oxford University Press. pp. 37-57. ISBN 978-0-19-560005-6. OCLC 473638554. OL 6791089W – via Internet Archive.

[4] "Hindu Lady Chaired". Cambria Daily Leader. 2 March 1914. p. 1. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 12 June 2024 – via National Library of Wales.

[5] Harihar Das, 'The Poetry of Dorothy Noel Bonarjee' The Indus, November 1922, pp50-53

[6] Auchmuty, Rosemary (4 April 2008). "Early Women Law Students at Cambridge and Oxford". The Journal of Legal History. 29 (1): 63–97. doi:10.1080/01440360801903588. ISSN 0144-0365. S2CID 144599588.

[7] "Index of Graduates by Surname: B". University of London: the Historical Record (1836-1926). University of London Press. 1926. pp. 307–341. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2020 – via British History Online.

[WelshBio-8] Jenkins, Beth R. (7 September 2020). "Bonarjee, Dorothy Noel ('Dorf') (1894 - 1983), poet and lawyer". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. Archived from the original on 1 December 2023. Retrieved 8 September 2020.

[BBC20-9] "The Hindu Bard". The Documentary Podcast. BBC World Service. 29 December 2020. Archived from the original on 25 March 2023. Retrieved 29 December 2020.

[10] Norbury, Katharine, ed. (2021). Women on Nature: An Anthology of Women's Writing about the Natural World in the East Atlantic Archipelago. London: Unbound. p. 57. ISBN 978-1-80018-041-3. OCLC 1191711651.

[11] Bonarjee, Dorothy (2023). Gupta, Mohini; Whitehead, Andrew (eds.). The Hindu Bard: The Poetry of Dorothy Bonarjee. Aberystwyth: Honno. ISBN 9781912905782. OCLC 1356961544.

[12] Smith, P.D. (13 March 2023). "This month's best paperbacks". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 1 April 2023. Retrieved 12 June 2024.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Poet and lawyer (1894–1983)}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
+{{Use British English|date=March 2023}}
 [[File:Dorothy Bonarjee with her son Denis 1922.jpg|thumb|Dororthy Bonarjee with her son Denis - about 1922]]
-'''Dorothy Noel 'Dorf' Bonarjee''' (1894–1983) was an Indian poet and artist who was known for being awarded a Bardic chair while a student in [[Wales]] and for being the first woman internal student to be awarded a law degree by [[University College London]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/stories-55430717 |title='She is beautiful but she is Indian': The student who became a Welsh bard at 19 |website=BBC |date=28 December 2020 }}</ref>
+'''Dorothy Noel 'Dorf' Bonarjee''' (1894–1983) was an Indian poet and artist who was known for being awarded a Bardic chair while a student in [[Wales]] and for being the first woman internal student to be awarded a law degree by [[University College London]].<ref name="whitehead bbc">{{cite web |last=Whitehead |first=Andrew |date=27 December 2020 |title='She is beautiful but she is Indian': The student who became a Welsh bard at 19 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/stories-55430717 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240125224959/https://www.bbc.com/news/stories-55430717 |archive-date=25 January 2024 |access-date=12 June 2024 |website=[[BBC]]}}</ref> The first collection of her poetry was published in 2023, more than a century after it was written.
 ==Biography==
+===Early life===
-Bonarjee was born into a Bengali Christian family in [[Bareilly]] in north [[India]] in August 1894.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Whitehead|first=Andrew|date=2020|title=Dorothy Bonarjee: Bard of Aberystwyth|url=https://www.planetmagazine.org.uk/planet-online/238/andrew-whitehead|journal=[[Planet (magazine)|Planet]]|volume=238|pages=70-76|url-access=subscription}}</ref>  Her father was a barrister. Along with her brothers, Bonarjee spent much of her childhood in [[Dulwich]] in south [[London]] and was largely educated in England.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bonarjee|first=N.B.|title=Under Two Masters|url=https://archive.org/details/undertwomasters0000bona|url-access=registration|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=1970|pages=[https://archive.org/details/undertwomasters0000bona/page/37 37]-57|oclc=473638554}}</ref>
+Bonarjee was born into a Bengali Christian family in [[Bareilly]] in north [[India]] in August 1894.<ref name="whitehead planet">{{Cite journal |last=Whitehead |first=Andrew |date=2020 |title=Dorothy Bonarjee: Bard of Aberystwyth |url=https://www.planetmagazine.org.uk/planet-online/238/andrew-whitehead |journal=[[Planet (magazine)|Planet]] |volume=238 |pages=70–76 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Her father was a barrister. Along with her brothers, Bonarjee spent much of her childhood in [[Dulwich]] in south [[London]] and was largely educated in England.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bonarjee |first=N.B. |url=https://archive.org/details/undertwomasters0000bona |title=Under Two Masters |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1970 |isbn=978-0-19-560005-6 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/undertwomasters0000bona/page/37 37]-57 |language=en |oclc=473638554 |ol=6791089W |url-access=registration |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>
+===Higher education and poetry===
-In 1912, Bonarjee enrolled to study for a degree in French at the [[Aberystwyth University|University College of Wales]] at [[Aberystwyth]]. While a student, she published poetry in the college journal ''The Dragon'' and in ''[[Welsh Outlook]]''. In February 1914, she was awarded the Bardic chair at the college [[Eisteddfod]] for verse submitted under a pseudonym.<ref>{{Cite news|date=March 2, 1914|title=Hindu Lady Chaired|work=Cambria Daily Leader|url=https://newspapers.library.wales/view/4095803/4095804/7/bonarjee}}</ref> She was the first woman and first non-European to win the college Eisteddfod. Her father, who was present, agreed to demands to address the gathering, thanking those present for the way they had 'received a successful competitor of a different race and country'.<ref name= BBC>{{cite web |last1=Whitehead |first1=Andrew |title='She is beautiful but she is Indian': The student who became a Welsh bard at 19 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/stories-55430717 |access-date=28 December 2020}}</ref> Among Bonarjee's papers are more than sixty printed and manuscript poems. Alongside one is a note: 'Written at the age of 22 when a Welsh student after 3 years of secret engagement dropped me because his parents said "She is very beautiful and intelligent but she is Indian."'<ref name= BBC/>
+In 1912, Bonarjee enrolled to study for a degree in French at the [[Aberystwyth University|University College of Wales]] at [[Aberystwyth]]. While a student, she published poetry in the college journal ''The Dragon'' and in ''[[Welsh Outlook]]''. In February 1914, she was awarded the Bardic chair at the college [[Eisteddfod]] for verse submitted under a pseudonym.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 March 1914 |title=Hindu Lady Chaired |url=https://newspapers.library.wales/view/4095803/4095804/7/bonarjee |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002145802/https://newspapers.library.wales/view/4095803/4095804/7/bonarjee |archive-date=2 October 2022 |access-date=12 June 2024 |work=Cambria Daily Leader |pages=1 |via=[[National Library of Wales]]}}</ref> She was the first woman and first non-European to win the college Eisteddfod. Her father, who was present, agreed to demands to address the gathering, thanking those present for the way they had 'received a successful competitor of a different race and country'.<ref name="whitehead bbc" /> Among Bonarjee's papers are more than sixty printed and manuscript poems. Alongside one is a note: 'Written at the age of 22 when a Welsh student after 3 years of secret engagement dropped me because his parents said "She is very beautiful and intelligent but she is Indian."'<ref name="whitehead bbc" />
-A critical article devoted to Bonarjee's poetry commented that she 'doubtless has a bright and hopeful career before her'.<ref>Harihar Das, 'The Poetry of Dorothy Noel Bonarjee' The Indus, November 1922, pp50-53</ref> Bonarjee went on to [[University College, London]] where, in 1917, she became the first woman internal student to be awarded a law degree (LLB)<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Auchmuty|first=Rosemary|date=April 4, 2008|title=Early Women Law Students at Cambridge and Oxford|url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01440360801903588|journal=The Journal of Legal History|language=en|volume=29|issue=1|pages=63–97|doi=10.1080/01440360801903588|issn=0144-0365|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/no-series/london-university-graduates/pp307-341 |title=Index of Graduates by Surname |access-date=December 28, 2020}}</ref> - though she never practiced law. She was a supporter of women's suffrage.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jenkins |first1=Beth R. |title=Bonarjee, Dorothy Noel |url=https://biography.wales/article/s12-BONA-NOE-1894 |website=Dictionary of Welsh Biography |access-date=8 September 2020}}</ref>
+A critical article devoted to Bonarjee's poetry commented that she 'doubtless has a bright and hopeful career before her'.<ref>Harihar Das, 'The Poetry of Dorothy Noel Bonarjee' The Indus, November 1922, pp50-53</ref> Bonarjee went on to [[University College, London]], where, in 1917, she became the first woman internal student to be awarded a law degree (LLB)<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Auchmuty|first=Rosemary|date=4 April 2008|title=Early Women Law Students at Cambridge and Oxford|url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01440360801903588|journal=The Journal of Legal History|language=en|volume=29|issue=1|pages=63–97|doi=10.1080/01440360801903588|s2cid=144599588|issn=0144-0365|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/no-series/london-university-graduates/pp307-341 |title=University of London: the Historical Record (1836-1926) |publisher=[[University of London Press]] |year=1926 |pages=307–341 |language=en |chapter=Index of Graduates by Surname: B |access-date=28 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327235756/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/no-series/london-university-graduates/pp307-341 |archive-date=27 March 2023 |url-status=live |via=[[British History Online]]}}</ref> - though she never practiced law.<ref name="WelshBio">{{cite web |last1=Jenkins |first1=Beth R. |date=7 September 2020 |title=Bonarjee, Dorothy Noel ('Dorf') (1894 - 1983), poet and lawyer |url=https://biography.wales/article/s12-BONA-NOE-1894 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201232650/https://biography.wales/article/s12-BONA-NOE-1894 |archive-date=1 December 2023 |access-date=8 September 2020 |website=[[Dictionary of Welsh Biography]]}}</ref>
+===Later life===
-Rather than returning to India to join her parents, in 1921 Bonarjee married the French artist {{Ill|Paul Surtel|fr}}. They lived in [[Provence|Provence, France]]. The couple had two children - Denis, who died in infancy, and Claire Aruna - before divorcing.<ref name=":0" /> Bonarjee painted particularly still life and landscapes. She died in 1983. Dorothy Bonarjee was the subject of a radio documentary, 'The Hindu Bard', broadcast on the BBC World Service in December 2020.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Hindu Bard |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p0923lmc |publisher=BBC World Service |access-date=29 December 2020}}</ref>
+Bonarjee was a supporter of women's suffrage and in 1919, along with her mother, signed the Indian Women's Franchise Address.<ref name=WelshBio/>
+Rather than returning to India to join her parents, in 1921 Bonarjee married the French artist {{Ill|Paul Surtel|fr}}. They lived in [[Provence|Provence, France]]. The couple had two children - Denis, who died in infancy, and Claire Aruna - before divorcing.<ref name="whitehead planet" /> Bonarjee painted particularly [[still life]] and [[landscapes]]. She died in 1983.<ref name=WelshBio />
+==Memory==
+Dorothy Bonarjee was the subject of a radio documentary, ''The Hindu Bard'', broadcast on the BBC World Service in December 2020 and later adapted for broadcast on BBC Radio Wales.<ref name="BBC20">{{cite web |date=29 December 2020 |title=The Hindu Bard |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p0923lmc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325173827/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p0923lmc |archive-date=25 March 2023 |access-date=29 December 2020 |website=The Documentary Podcast |publisher=[[BBC World Service]]}}</ref> One of her poems, "Immensity" was included in an anthology on women and nature published in 2021.<ref>{{cite book |title=Women on Nature: An Anthology of Women's Writing about the Natural World in the East Atlantic Archipelago |publisher=[[Unbound (publisher)|Unbound]] |year=2021 |isbn=978-1-80018-041-3 |editor-last1=Norbury |editor-first1=Katharine |location=London |page=57 |language=en |oclc=1191711651}}</ref>
+In February 2023, the first ever collection of Dorothy Bonarjee's poetry was published in [[Honno (publisher)|Honno]]'s ''Welsh Women's Classics'' series, with the title ''The Hindu Bard'' and introductions about Bonarjee's life and poetry by Mohini Gupta and Andrew Whitehead.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bonarjee |first=Dorothy |title=The Hindu Bard: The Poetry of Dorothy Bonarjee |publisher=[[Honno (publisher)|Honno]] |year=2023 |isbn=9781912905782 |editor-last=Gupta |editor-first=Mohini |location=Aberystwyth |language=en |oclc=1356961544 |editor-last2=Whitehead |editor-first2=Andrew}}</ref> The book was selected by ''[[The Guardian]]'' as one of its paperbacks of the month in March 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Smith |first=P.D. |date=13 March 2023 |title=This month's best paperbacks |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/ng-interactive/2023/mar/13/this-months-best-paperbacks-melvyn-bragg-ursula-le-guin-and-more#the-hindu-bard-the-poetry-of-dorothy-bonarjee |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401051454/https://www.theguardian.com/books/ng-interactive/2023/mar/13/this-months-best-paperbacks-melvyn-bragg-ursula-le-guin-and-more#the-hindu-bard-the-poetry-of-dorothy-bonarjee |archive-date=1 April 2023 |access-date=12 June 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref>
 == References ==
 {{reflist}}
-==External Links==
+==External links==
 * [https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p0923lmc Podcast of a BBC World Service radio documentary about Dorothy Bonarjee, broadcast 29 December 2020]
 * [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/stories-55430717 Indian by birth, English by upbringing, French by marriage and Welsh at heart - BBC online article about Dorothy Bonarjee]
 * [https://thewire.in/culture/she-is-beautiful-intelligent-but-indian-the-19-yeard-old-student-celebrated-as-a-welsh-bard Biographical article about Dorothy Bonarjee including photographs]
 * [https://biography.wales/article/s12-BONA-NOE-1894 Entry on Dorothy Bonarjee by Beth R. Jenkins in the Dictionary of Welsh Biography]
+* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K67D8AwJHPw Mohini Gupta reading Dorothy Bonarjee's poem 'Renunciation']
 {{Authority control}}
@@ Line 30: / Line 44: @@
 [[Category:People from Dulwich]]
 [[Category:Alumni of the University of Wales]]
-[[Category:Indian emigrants to France]]
+[[Category:Expatriates from British India in the United Kingdom]]
-[[Category:Indian emigrants to England]]
+[[Category:Emigrants from British India]]
+[[Category:Immigrants to France]]
 [[Category:20th-century Indian women writers]]
 [[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
@@ Line 41: / Line 56: @@
 [[Category:Indian women painters]]
 [[Category:Alumni of Aberystwyth University]]
+[[Category:20th-century Indian women painters]]
+[[Category:Alumni of the UCL Faculty of Laws]]