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{{Short description|Community Development Block in West Bengal, India}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}} |
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}} |
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{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}} |
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}} |
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{{Infobox settlement |
{{Infobox settlement |
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| name |
| name = Falta |
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| native_name |
| native_name = |
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| other_name = |
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| settlement_type = [[Community development block|Community Development Block]] |
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| other_name = |
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| image_skyline = |
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| image_map = Falta in South 24 Parganas (West Bengal).svg |
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| mapsize = 300 |
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| map_caption = Location of Falta community development block in South 24 Parganas district |
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| image_skyline = |
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| coordinates = {{coord|22.3020|N|88.1284|E|display=inline,title}} |
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| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] |
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| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} |
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| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]] |
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| flag_size = |
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| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Emblem of West Bengal (Banglarmukh) before 2018.png}} [[West Bengal]] |
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| image_seal = |
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| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of West Bengal|Division]] |
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| seal_size = |
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| subdivision_name2 = [[Presidency division|Presidency]] |
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| image_map = |
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| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of West Bengal|District]] |
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| mapsize = |
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| subdivision_name3 = [[South 24 Parganas]] |
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| subdivision_type4 = [[List of subdivisions of West Bengal|Subdivision]] |
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| pushpin_label_position = |
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| seat_type = Headquarters |
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| seat = [[Harindanga, Falta|Harindanga]] |
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| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal##Location in India |
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| leader_title = [[Gram panchayat|Gram Panchayats]] |
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| leader_name = Banganagar-I, Banganagar-II, Belsingha-I, Belsingha-II, Chaluari, Debipur, Falta, Fatepur, Gopalpur, Harindanga-I, Harindanga-II, Mallikpur, Noyapukuria |
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| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} |
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| leader_title1 = [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]] |
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| subdivision_type1 = State |
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| ⚫ | |||
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]] |
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| leader_title2 = [[List of constituencies of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha constituencies]] |
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| subdivision_type2 = District |
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| leader_name2 = [[Falta Assembly constituency|Falta]] |
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| total_type = Total |
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| area_footnotes = |
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| population_as_of = 2011 |
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| population_total = 249,561 |
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| ⚫ | |||
| leader_name = |
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| population_urban = 23,399 |
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| ⚫ | |||
| established_date = |
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| demographics_type1 = Demographics |
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| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]] |
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| unit_pref = Metric |
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| demographics1_info1 = 77.17 per cent |
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| demographics1_title2 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]] |
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| demographics1_info2 = 955 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]] |
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| area_land_km2 = |
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| demographics_type2 = Languages |
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| demographics2_title1 = Official |
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| ⚫ | |||
| demographics2_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]<ref name="wblangoff">{{cite web|title=Fact and Figures|url=https://wb.gov.in/portal/web/guest/facts-and-figures;jsessionid=JzdD9RHb7aMY5esZPtcsIVLy|website=Wb.gov.in|access-date=5 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=Nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=5 July 2019|page=85|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref> |
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| population_note = |
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| demographics2_title2 = Additional official |
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| population_total = 249561 |
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| demographics2_info2 = [[English language|English]]<ref name="wblangoff"/> |
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| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| demographics_type1 = Languages |
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| utc_offset1 = +05:30 |
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| ⚫ | |||
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]] |
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| ⚫ | |||
| utc_offset = +5.30 |
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| coordinates = {{coord|22.3020|N|88.1284|E|display=inline, title}} |
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| elevation_footnotes = |
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| elevation_m = 8 |
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| elevation_ft = |
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| postal_code_type = PIN |
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| postal_code = 743504 |
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| area_code_type = Telephone code |
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| area_code = +91 3174 |
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| registration_plate = [[List of Regional Transport Office districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-19 to [[List of Regional Transport Office districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-22, [[List of Regional Transport Office districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-95 to [[List of Regional Transport Office districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-99 |
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| blank1_name_sec1 = Lok Sabha constituency |
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| ⚫ | |||
| blank2_name_sec1 = Vidhan Sabha constituency |
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| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Falta (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Falta]] |
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| ⚫ | |||
| footnotes = |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Falta''' is a [[Community development block |
'''Falta''' is a [[Community development block|community development block]] that forms an administrative division in the [[Diamond Harbour subdivision]] of the [[South 24 Parganas|South 24 Parganas district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and union territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]]. |
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==History== |
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===Tebhaga movement=== |
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During the [[Bengal Famine of 1943]], the [[Communist Party of India]] provided relief to the peasantry of the [[Sundarbans]] area. In September 1946 Bangiya Pradeshik Kisan Sabha decided to launch the [[Tebhaga movement]]. The peasant movement broke out in [[Kakdwip]], [[Sonarpur]], [[Bhangar Raghunathpur|Bhangar]] and [[Canning, South 24 Parganas|Canning]]. [[Kakdwip]] and [[Namkhana]] were the storm centres of the movement. The movement aimed at improving the share of the peasant engaged as sharecroppers. The prominent leaders of the movement were: [[Kansari Halder]], Ashoke Bose and Rash Behari Ghosh. Peasant leaders like Gajen Malik, Manik Hazra, Jatin Maity, Bijoy Mondal and others rose to prominence. The movement continued till 1950, when the Bargadari Act was enacted. The Act recognised the right of the sharecropper to two-thirds of the produce when he provided the inputs.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | title = District Human Development Report: South 24 Parganas | work = Chapter 1.2, South 24 Parganas in Historical Perspective, pages 7-9 | publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2009 | access-date = 17 April 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161005044029/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | archive-date = 5 October 2016 | url-status = dead }}</ref> |
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===Land reforms=== |
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During 1946-1950, the Tebhaga movement in several parts of the [[24 Parganas]] district led to the enactment of the Bargadari Act. |
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Although the Bargadari Act of 1950 recognised the rights of [[bargadar]]s to a higher share of crops from the land that they tilled, it was not implemented. Large tracts, beyond the prescribed limit of land ceiling, remained with the rich landlords. In 1967, West Bengal witnessed peasant uprising, against non-implementation of land reforms legislation, starting from [[Kheadaha]] gram panchayat in [[Sonarpur (community development block)|Sonarpur]] CD block. From 1977 on wards major land reforms took place in West Bengal under the [[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] government. Land in excess of land ceiling was acquired and distributed among the peasants. Subsequently, ''[[Operation Barga]]'' was aimed at securing tenancy rights for the peasants. In Falta CD block 742.19 acres of land was acquired and vested. Out of this 395.71 acres or 53.82% of the vested land was distributed. The total number of patta holders was 2,256. |
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| ⚫ | <ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | title = District Human Development Report: South 24 Parganas | |
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==Geography== |
==Geography== |
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[[File:South 24 Parganas Tehsil Map (en).svg|thumb]] |
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| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | The Falta CD block is bounded by the [[Budge Budge II]] and [[Bishnupur II]] CD blocks in the north, the [[Magrahat I]] CD block in the east, the [[Diamond Harbour I]] and [[Diamond Harbour II]] CD blocks in the south, the [[Shyampur I]] CD block in the [[Howrah district]] across the [[Hooghly River|Hooghly]], in the west.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1917_PART_B_DCHB_SOUTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: South 24 Parganas, Series 20, Part XII B | work= Map of South 24 Parganas with CD block HQs and Police Stations (on the fourth page) |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 11 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/westbengal/tehsil/south-24-parganas.html|title = South Twenty-four Parganas | work= CD block/ tehsil map|publisher= Maps of India | access-date = 11 October 2019}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | Falta CD block is bounded by [[Budge Budge II]] and [[Bishnupur II]] CD blocks in the north, [[Magrahat I]] CD block in the east, [[Diamond Harbour I]] and [[Diamond Harbour II]] CD blocks in the south, [[Shyampur I]] CD block in [[Howrah district]] across the [[Hooghly River|Hooghly]], in the west.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1917_PART_B_DCHB_SOUTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: South 24 Parganas, Series 20, Part XII B | work= Map of South 24 Parganas with CD block HQs and Police Stations (on the fourth page) |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | |
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[[South 24 Parganas district]] is divided into two distinct physiographic zones: the marine-riverine delta in the north and the marine delta zone in the south. As the sea receded southwards, in the sub-recent [[Period (geology)|geological period]], a large low-lying plain got exposed. Both [[Tide|tidal]] inflows and the rivers have been depositing sediments in this plain. The periodical collapse of both the natural [[levee]]s and man-made embankments speed up the process of filling up of the depressions containing [[Brackish Water]] wetlands. The marine delta in the south is formed of interlacing tidal channels. As non-saline water for irrigation is scarce, agriculture is [[monsoon]] dominated. Some parts of the wetlands are still preserved for raising fish.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | title = District Human Development Report: South 24 Parganas | work = Chapter 1 South 24 Parganas: An Overview, p 9-12 | publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2009 | access-date = 1 April 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161005044029/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | archive-date = 5 October 2016 | url-status = dead }}</ref> |
The [[South 24 Parganas district]] is divided into two distinct physiographic zones: the marine-riverine delta in the north and the marine delta zone in the south. As the sea receded southwards, in the sub-recent [[Period (geology)|geological period]], a large low-lying plain got exposed. Both [[Tide|tidal]] inflows and the rivers have been depositing sediments in this plain. The periodical collapse of both the natural [[levee]]s and man-made embankments speed up the process of filling up of the depressions containing [[Brackish Water]] wetlands. The marine delta in the south is formed of interlacing tidal channels. As non-saline water for irrigation is scarce, agriculture is [[monsoon]] dominated. Some parts of the wetlands are still preserved for raising fish.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | title = District Human Development Report: South 24 Parganas | work = Chapter 1 South 24 Parganas: An Overview, p 9-12 | publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2009 | access-date = 1 April 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161005044029/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | archive-date = 5 October 2016 | url-status = dead }}</ref> |
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Falta CD block has an area of 130.68 km<sup>2</sup>. It has 1 [[Panchayat Samiti (Block)|panchayat samity]], 13 [[gram panchayat]]s, 186 gram sansads (village councils), 133 [[mouza]]s and 129 inhabited villages, as per the ''District Statistical Handbook |
The Falta CD block has an area of 130.68 km<sup>2</sup>. It has 1 [[Panchayat Samiti (Block)|panchayat samity]], 13 [[gram panchayat]]s, 186 gram sansads (village councils), 133 [[mouza]]s and 129 inhabited villages, as per the ''District Statistical Handbook, South Twenty-four Parganas''. [[Falta, South 24 Parganas#Police station|Falta]] police station serves this CD Block.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 South 24 Parganas | work = Table No. 2.1, 2.2 | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 11 October 2019 | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | url-status = dead }}</ref> Headquarters of this CD block is at [[Harindanga, Falta|Harindanga]], PO Chabeira.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.wbpublibnet.gov.in/node/2155 | title = BDO Offices under South 24 Parganas District | publisher = West Bengal Public Library Network, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 11 October 2019 | archive-date = 3 October 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181003083629/http://www.wbpublibnet.gov.in/node/2155 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1917_PART_A_DCHB_SOUTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf| title = Census of India 2011, West Bengal, District Census Handbook, South Twentyfour Parganas, Series – 20, Part XII-A, Village and Town Directory |work= Page 471 - Map of Falta CD block | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 19 October 2019}}</ref> |
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[[Gram panchayat]]s of Falta CD block/[[panchayat samiti]] are: Banganagar |
[[Gram panchayat]]s of Falta CD block/[[panchayat samiti]] are: Banganagar-I, Banganagar-II, Belsingha-I, Belsingha-II, Chaluari, Debipur, Falta, Fatepur, Gopalpur, Harindanga-I, Harindanga-II, Mallikpur and Noyapukuria.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://s24pgs.gov.in/s24p/page.php?nm=Blocks |title= Blocks and Gram Panchayats in South 24 Parganas| publisher = South 24 Parganas District Administration |access-date = 1 April 2016}}</ref> |
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==Demographics== |
==Demographics== |
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===Population=== |
===Population=== |
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According to the [[2011 Census of India]], the Falta CD Block had a total population of 249,561, of which 226,162 were rural and 23,399 were urban. There were 127,665 (51%) males and 121,896 (49%) females. There were 28,715 persons in the age range of 0 to 6 years. The [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 60,276 (24.15%) and the [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 87 (0.03%).<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= 2011 census: West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 2 April 2016}}</ref> |
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According to the [[2001 Census of India]], the Falta CD block had a total population of 221,589, out of which 114,207 were males and 107,382 were females. The Falta CD block registered a population growth of 11.64 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for the [[South 24 Parganas]] district was 20.89 per cent. Decadal growth in [[West Bengal]] was 17.84 per cent. The [[Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes|Scheduled Castes]] at 56,817 formed around one-fourth the population. The [[Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 1,623.<ref name=handbook>{{cite web | url =http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title =District Statistical Handbook – 2010-11 – South 24 Parganas | work =South 24 Parganas at a glance, Tables 2.2, 2.4 (b), 4.5 | publisher =Bureau of Applied Economics and Statistics, Government of West Bengal | access-date =3 April 2016 | archive-date =21 January 2019 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | url-status =dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_18.htm |title=Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal. Table 4 |access-date=2011-01-20 |work=Census of India 2001 – South 24 Parganas |publisher=Census Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110719041523/http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_18.htm |archive-date=19 July 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |title=Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal. Table 4 |access-date=2011-01-20 |work=Census of India 2001 |publisher=Census Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927041813/http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |archive-date=September 27, 2007 }}</ref> |
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[[Census Town]]s in Falta CD block (2011 census figures in brackets): Hasimnagar (5,267), Baneshwarpur (4,741), Chandpala Anantapathpur (5,286) and Fatepur (8,105).<ref name=census2011/> |
[[Census Town]]s in the Falta CD block (2011 census figures in brackets): [[Hasimnagar]] (5,267), [[Baneshwarpur]] (4,741), [[Chandpala Anantapathpur]] (5,286) and [[Fatepur, Falta|Fatepur]] (8,105).<ref name=census2011/> |
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Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in Falta CD block (2011 census figures in brackets): Mamudpur (4,037), Rajarampur (7,548), Chak Dhanumandal Krishnarambasu (4,011), Basulat (4,963), Chandideul (4,631), Iswaripur (4,127), Belsingha (4,401), Chaluary (4,708), Banganagar (4,469) and Zafarpur (6,457).<ref name=census2011/> |
Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in the Falta CD block (2011 census figures in brackets): Mamudpur (4,037), Rajarampur (7,548), Chak Dhanumandal Krishnarambasu (4,011), Basulat (4,963), Chandideul (4,631), Iswaripur (4,127), Belsingha (4,401), Chaluary (4,708), Banganagar (4,469) and Zafarpur (6,457).<ref name=census2011/> |
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Other villages in Falta block include (2011 census figures in brackets): [[Falta, South 24 Parganas|Falta]] (959), Mallikpur (1,307), Noapukhuria (1,882), Harindanga (2,171) |
Other villages in the Falta block include (2011 census figures in brackets): [[Falta, South 24 Parganas|Falta]] (959), Mallikpur (1,307), Noapukhuria (1,882), [[Harindanga, Falta|Harindanga]] (2,171), Debipur (3,803) and [[Punya, Falta|Punya]] (1,266).<ref name=census2011/> |
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===Literacy=== |
===Literacy=== |
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According to the 2011 census, the total number of literate persons in Falta CD block was 170,430 (77.17% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 93,829 (83.00% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 76,601 (71.06% of the female population over 6 years). The [[Literacy#Gender disparities|gender disparity]] (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 11.94%.<ref name=census2011/> |
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According to the [[2011 Census of India]], literacy in the [[South 24 Parganas]] district was 77.51<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php |title = District Census 2011 |publisher= Population Census 2011 | access-date = 24 January 2016}}</ref> Literacy in [[West Bengal]] was 77.08% in 2011.<ref name=literacy>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/india/Final_PPT_2011_progresstables.pdf | title= Provisional population tables and annexures| work= Census 2011:Table 2(3) Literates and Literacy rates by sex |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 9 February 2016}}</ref> Literacy in [[India]] in 2011 was 74.04%.<ref name=literacy/> |
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According to the [[2001 Census of India]], the Falta CD block had a total literacy of 71.89 per cent for the 6+ age group. While male literacy was 81.25 per cent female literacy was 61.86 per cent. The [[South 24 Parganas]] district had a total literacy of 69.45 per cent, male literacy being 79.19 per cent and female literacy being 59.01 per cent.<ref name=handbook/> |
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See also – [[List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate]] |
See also – [[List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate]] |
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===Language and religion=== |
===Language and religion=== |
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In the 2001 census, Bengali was the mother tongue for 97.9% of the population of the district, followed by Hindi with 1.5%, Urdu 0.3%, Odia and Telugu (0.1% each).<ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1917_PART_A_DCHB_SOUTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf| title = Census of India 2011, West Bengal, District Census Handbook, South Twentyfour Parganas, Series – 20, Part XII-A, Village and Town Directory |work= Page 53, Table 11: Population by Mother-tongue in South 24 Parganas district 1961-2001 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |accessdate = 23 September 2019}}</ref> |
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The West Bengal Official Language (Second Amendment) Bill, 2012, included Hindi, Santhali, Odiya and Punjabi as official languages if it is spoken by a population exceeding 10 per cent of the whole in a particular block or sub-division or a district. Subsequently, Kamtapuri, Rajbanshi and Kurmali were also included in the list of minority languages by the West Bengal Official Language (Second Amendment) Bill, 2018.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/west-bengal/multi-lingual-bengal/cid/358751 |title = Multilingual Bengal |publisher= The Telegraph, 11 December 2012 | accessdate = 15 January 2019|}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/kamtapuri-rajbanshi-make-it-to-list-of-official-languages-in-bengal/1263116 |title = Kamtapuri, Rajbanshi make it to the list of official languages in Bengal |publisher= Outlook, 28 February 2015 | accessdate = 15 January 2019|}}</ref>However, as of 2019, there is no official / other reliable information about the areas covered. |
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{{bar box |
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|title=Religion in Falta CD block |
|title=Religion in Falta CD block (2011)<ref name="religion"/> |
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|titlebar=#FCD116 |
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{{bar percent|[[ |
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in West Bengal|Hinduism]]|darkorange|66.15}} |
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{{bar percent|[[ |
{{bar percent|[[Islam in West Bengal|Islam]]|green|33.10}} |
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{{bar percent| |
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.13}} |
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}} |
}} |
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| ⚫ | In the [[2011 Census of India]], Hindus numbered |
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| ⚫ | In the [[2011 Census of India]], Hindus numbered 168,873 and formed 66.15% of the population in the Falta CD block. Muslims numbered 87,352 and formed 33.10% of the population. Others numbered 336 and formed 0.13% of the population.<ref name="religion">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11396/download/14509/DDW19C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> In 2001, Hindus and Muslims were 68.12% and 31.80% of the population respectively. |
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| ⚫ | The proportion of Hindus in South Twenty-four Parganas district has declined from 76.0% in 1961 to 63.2% in 2011. The proportion of Muslims in South Twenty-four Parganas district has increased from 23.4% to 35.6% during the same period. Christians formed 0.8% in 2011.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1917_PART_A_DCHB_SOUTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf|title = District Census Handbook South Twentfour Parganas, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Pages 52-53: Religion| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal | |
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| ⚫ | The proportion of Hindus in the South Twenty-four Parganas district has declined from 76.0% in 1961 to 63.2% in 2011. The proportion of Muslims in the South Twenty-four Parganas district has increased from 23.4% to 35.6% during the same period. Christians formed 0.8% in 2011.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1917_PART_A_DCHB_SOUTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf|title = District Census Handbook South Twentfour Parganas, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Pages 52-53: Religion| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal | access-date = 5 October 2018}}</ref> |
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[[Bengali language|Bengali]] is the predominant language, spoken by 99.91% of the population.<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10226/download/13338/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1900.XLSX |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> |
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==Rural poverty== |
==Rural poverty== |
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According to the ''[[Human Development Report]]'' for the South 24 Parganas district, published in 2009, in the Falta CD block the percentage of households [[Below Poverty Line|below poverty line]] was 21.56%, a moderate level of poverty. In the north-east and mid central portion of the district, all CD blocks, with the exception of the [[Kulpi (community development block)|Kulpi]] CD block, had poverty rates below 30%. As per rural household survey in 2005, the proportion of households in the South 24 Parganas with poverty rates below poverty line was 34.11%, way above the state and national poverty ratios. The poverty rates were very high in the [[Sundarbans settlements]] with all the thirteen CD blocks registering poverty ratios above 30% and eight CD blocks had more than 40% of the population in the BPL category.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | title = District Human Development Report: South 24 Parganas |work= Pages 42-43, Chapter 3.8: Poverty Scenario in South 24 Parganas | publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 23 September 2019|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161005044029/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | archive-date = 5 October 2016 | url-status = dead }}</ref> |
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==Economy== |
==Economy== |
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| Line 152: | Line 124: | ||
|label4 = Other Workers}} |
|label4 = Other Workers}} |
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In Falta CD block in 2011, |
In the Falta CD block in 2011, among the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 8,048 and formed 9.08%, agricultural labourers numbered 24,712 and formed 27.89%, household industry workers numbered 7,578 and formed 8.55% and other workers numbered 48,272 and formed 54.48%.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1917_PART_A_DCHB_SOUTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf|title = District Census Handbook South Twentyfour Parganas, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Table 33: Distribution of Workers by Sex in Four Categories of Economic Activity in Sub-district 2011 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 24 September 2019}}</ref> Total workers numbered 88,608 and formed 35.51% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 160,953 and formed 64.49% of the population.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1917_PART_A_DCHB_SOUTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf|title = District Census Handbook South Twentyfour Parganas, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Table 30: Number and percentage of Main workers, Marginal workers and Non workers by Sex, in Sub-districts, 2011 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 24 September 2019}}</ref> |
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The ''District Human Development Report'' points out that in the blocks of region situated in the close proximity of the Kolkata metropolis, overwhelming majority are involved in the non-agricultural sector for their livelihood. On the other hand, in the Sundarban region, overwhelming majority are dependent on agriculture. In the intermediate region, there is again predominance of the non-agricultural sector. Though the region is not very close to Kolkata, many places are well connected and some industrial/ economic development has taken place.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | title = District Human Development Report: South 24 Parganas |work= Page 69 , Chapter 4.3: Occupational Diversification | publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal | |
The ''District Human Development Report'' points out that in the blocks of the region situated in the close proximity of the Kolkata metropolis, overwhelming majority are involved in the non-agricultural sector for their livelihood. On the other hand, in the Sundarban region, overwhelming majority are dependent on agriculture. In the intermediate region, there is again predominance of the non-agricultural sector. Though the region is not very close to Kolkata, many places are well connected and some industrial/ economic development has taken place.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | title = District Human Development Report: South 24 Parganas |work= Page 69 , Chapter 4.3: Occupational Diversification | publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 23 September 2019|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161005044029/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | archive-date = 5 October 2016 | url-status = dead }}</ref> |
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<small>Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned by self/government/institution. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the [[Factories Act,1948, India|Factories Act]]. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1917_PART_A_DCHB_SOUTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf |title = District Census Handbook South Twentyfour Parganas, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Census Concepts and Definitions, Page 31 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| |
<small>Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned by self/government/institution. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the [[Factories Act,1948, India|Factories Act]]. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1917_PART_A_DCHB_SOUTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf |title = District Census Handbook South Twentyfour Parganas, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Census Concepts and Definitions, Page 31 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 28 December 2017}}</ref></small> |
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===Infrastructure=== |
===Infrastructure=== |
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There are 129 inhabited villages in Falta CD block, as per the ''District Census Handbook |
There are 129 inhabited villages in the Falta CD block, as per the ''District Census Handbook, South Twenty-four Parganas, 2011''. 100% villages have power supply. 128 villages (99.22%) have drinking water supply. 22 villages (17.05%) have post offices. 129 villages (100%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 31 villages (24.03%) have pucca (paved) approach roads and 44 villages (34.11%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 2 villages (1.55%) have agricultural credit societies and 7 villages (5.43%) have banks.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1917_PART_A_DCHB_SOUTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, South Twentyfour Parganas, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Page 111, Table 36: Distribution of villages according to availability of different amenities, 2011 | publisher = Directorate of Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 26 September 2019}}</ref> |
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===Agriculture=== |
===Agriculture=== |
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The South 24 Parganas had played a significant role in the [[Tebhaga movement]] launched by the [[Communist Party of India]] in 1946. Subsequently, ''[[Operation Barga]]'' was aimed at securing tenancy rights for the peasants. In the Falta CD block 742.19 acres of land was acquired and vested. Out of this 395.71 acres or 53.82% of the vested land was distributed. The total number of patta (document) holders was 2,256.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | title = District Human Development Report: South 24 Parganas | work = (1) Chapter 1.2, South 24 Parganas in Historical Perspective, pages 7-9 (2) Chapter 3.4, Land reforms, pages 32-33 | publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2009 | access-date = 3 November 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161005044029/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | archive-date = 5 October 2016 | url-status = dead }}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | According to the ''District Human Development Report'', agriculture is an important source of livelihood in the South Twentyfour Parganas district. The amount of cultivable land per agricultural worker is only 0.41 hectare in the district. Moreover, the irrigation facilities have not been extended to a satisfactory scale. Agriculture mostly remains a mono-cropped activity.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | title = District Human Development Report: South 24 Parganas |work= Pages 28-30 , Chapter 3.2: Sectoral Composition of Output | publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 23 September 2019|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161005044029/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | archive-date = 5 October 2016 | url-status = dead }}</ref> |
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According to the ''District Census Handbook'', the saline soil of the district is unfit for cultivation, but the non-salty lands are very fertile. While rice is the main food crop, jute is the main cash crop.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1917_PART_A_DCHB_SOUTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, South Twentyfour Parganas, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Page 21: Agriculture | publisher = Directorate of Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 26 September 2019}}</ref> |
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In |
In 2013–14, there were 54 fertiliser depots, 29 seed stores and 43 [[Public distribution system|fair price shops]] in the Falta CD block.<ref name=handbook2014>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 South 24 Parganas | work = Table No. 16.1, 18.1, 18.2, 18.3, 20.1, 21.2, 4.4, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 – arranged as per use | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 27 September 2019 | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | url-status = dead }}</ref> |
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In 2013–14, Falta CD block produced 1,532 tonnes of [[Rice#Ecotypes and cultivars|Aman paddy]], the main winter crop, from 1,342 hectares, 13,930 tonnes of Boro paddy (spring crop) from 3,852 hectares. It also produced pulses.<ref name=handbook2014/> |
In 2013–14, the Falta CD block produced 1,532 tonnes of [[Rice#Ecotypes and cultivars|Aman paddy]], the main winter crop, from 1,342 hectares, 13,930 tonnes of Boro paddy (spring crop) from 3,852 hectares. It also produced pulses.<ref name=handbook2014/> |
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===Irrigation=== |
===Irrigation=== |
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In Falta CD block, in |
In the Falta CD block, in 2013–14, 29.20 hectares were irrigated by river lift irrigation and 35.18 hectares by deep tube wells.<ref name=handbook2014/> |
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Poor irrigation and high soil salinity results in the mono-cropping pattern of cultivation in a major portion of the South 24 Parganas district. As a result of its closeness to the Bay of Bengal, the river waters are mostly saline and are unsuitable for irrigation. Added to the rather gloomy irrigation scenario is the problem of frequent floods.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | title = District Human Development Report: South 24 Parganas |work= Page 62 , Chapter 4.3.1: Occupational Diversification, The District Level | publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal | |
Poor irrigation and high soil salinity results in the mono-cropping pattern of cultivation in a major portion of the South 24 Parganas district. As a result of its closeness to the Bay of Bengal, the river waters are mostly saline and are unsuitable for irrigation. Added to the rather gloomy irrigation scenario is the problem of frequent floods.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | title = District Human Development Report: South 24 Parganas |work= Page 62 , Chapter 4.3.1: Occupational Diversification, The District Level | publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 23 September 2019|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161005044029/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | archive-date = 5 October 2016 | url-status = dead }}</ref> |
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===Pisciculture=== |
===Pisciculture=== |
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In Falta CD block, in |
In the Falta CD block, in 2013–14, net area under effective pisciculture was 680 hectares, engaging 6,511 persons in the profession, and with an approximate annual production of 106,472 quintals.<ref name=handbook2014/> |
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Pisciculture is an important source of employment in South 24 Parganas district. As of 2001, more than 4.5 lakh people were engaged in |
Pisciculture is an important source of employment in the South 24 Parganas district. As of 2001, more than 4.5 lakh people were engaged in pisciculture. Out of this 2.57 lakhs were from the 13 blocks in the [[Sundarbans settlements]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | title = District Human Development Report: South 24 Parganas |work= Pages 76 , Chapter 4.5.2: Non-agriculture, (i) Pisciculture | publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 23 September 2019|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161005044029/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | archive-date = 5 October 2016 | url-status = dead }}</ref> |
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===Banking=== |
===Banking=== |
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In |
In 2013–14, the Falta CD block had offices of 5 commercial banks and 3 [[Regional Rural Bank|gramin banks]].<ref name=handbook2014/> |
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===Backward Regions Grant Fund=== |
===Backward Regions Grant Fund=== |
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South 24 Parganas district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the [[Backward Regions Grant Fund]]. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 11 districts of West Bengal.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | title = Backward Regions Grant Funds: Programme Guidelines | publisher = Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India | |
The South 24 Parganas district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the [[Backward Regions Grant Fund]]. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 11 districts of West Bengal.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | title = Backward Regions Grant Funds: Programme Guidelines | publisher = Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India | access-date = 22 September 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171030225317/http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | archive-date = 30 October 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=84879 | title= Backward Regions Grant Fund| work= Press Release, 14 June 2012 |publisher= Press Information Bureau, Government of India | access-date = 22 September 2019}}</ref> |
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==Transport== |
==Transport== |
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Falta CD block has 2 ferry services, 9 originating/ terminating bus routes. The nearest railway station is 20 |
The Falta CD block has 2 ferry services, 9 originating/ terminating bus routes. The nearest railway station is 20 km from the block headquarters.<ref name=handbook2014/> |
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==Education== |
==Education== |
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In |
In 2013–14, the Falta CD block had 148 primary schools with 11,264 students, 3 middle schools with 263 students, 19 high schools with 7,411 students and 14 higher secondary schools with 9,895 students. The Falta CD block had 1 general degree college with 895 students and 358 institutions for special and non-formal education with 15,139 students.<ref name=handbook2014/> |
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See also – [[Education in India]] |
See also – [[Education in India]] |
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According to the 2011 census, in the Falta CD block, among the 129 inhabited villages, 5 villages did not have a school, 49 villages had two or more primary schools, 41 villages had at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 32 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1917_PART_A_DCHB_SOUTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, South 24 Parganas, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Page 931-932, Appendix I A: Villages by number of Primary Schools and Appendix I B: Villages by Primary, Middle and Secondary Schools | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 2 October 2019}}</ref> |
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*[[Sadhan Chandra Mahavidyalaya]] was established at [[Harindanga, Falta|Harindanga]] in 2007.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.sadhanchandramahavidyalaya.org/index_main.html |title = Sadhan Chandra Mahavidyalaya |
*[[Sadhan Chandra Mahavidyalaya]] was established at [[Harindanga, Falta|Harindanga]] in 2007.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.sadhanchandramahavidyalaya.org/index_main.html | title = Sadhan Chandra Mahavidyalaya | publisher = SM | access-date = 30 October 2019 | archive-date = 30 October 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191030110036/http://www.sadhanchandramahavidyalaya.org/index_main.html | url-status = dead }}</ref> |
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*[[L.J.D. College, Falta|L.J.D. College]] was established at |
*[[L.J.D. College, Falta|L.J.D. College]] was established at [[Punya, Falta|Punya]], PO Saharahat, in 2015.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://ljdcolleges.org/main/ | title = L.J.D. College | publisher = LJDC | access-date = 30 October 2019 }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |
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==Healthcare== |
==Healthcare== |
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In 2014, Falta CD block had 1 block primary health centre, 1 primary health centre and 15 private nursing homes with total 104 beds and 23 doctors (excluding private bodies). It had 30 family welfare subcentres. 2,132 patients were treated indoor and 95,472 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD block.<ref name=handbook2014/> |
In 2014, the Falta CD block had 1 block primary health centre, 1 primary health centre and 15 private nursing homes with total 104 beds and 23 doctors (excluding private bodies). It had 30 family welfare subcentres. 2,132 patients were treated indoor and 95,472 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD block.<ref name=handbook2014/> |
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According to the 2011 census, in the Falta CD block, 1 village had a primary health centre, 26 villages had primary health subcentres, 20 villages had medicine shops and out of the 129 inhabited villages 38 villages had no medical facilities.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1917_PART_A_DCHB_SOUTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, South Twentyfour Parganas, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Pages 927-929, Appendix I: Summary showing total number of villages having Educational, Medical and other amenities – CD block level | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 4 October 2019}}</ref> |
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Falta Block Primary Health Centre at [[Falta, South 24 Parganas|Falta]], with 10 beds, is the major government medical facility in Falta CD block. There is a [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centre]] at Dholtikuri (PO Charberia) (with 6 beds).<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | title = |
Falta Block Primary Health Centre at [[Falta, South 24 Parganas|Falta]], with 10 beds, is the major government medical facility in the Falta CD block. There is a [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centre]] at Dholtikuri (PO Charberia) (with 6 beds).<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | title =Health & Family Welfare Department | work =Health Statistics – Rural Hospitals | publisher =Government of West Bengal | access-date =1 November 2019 | archive-date =8 October 2022 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20221008143352/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | url-status =dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/BPHC.pdf | title =Health & Family Welfare Department | work =Health Statistics – Block Primary Health Centres | publisher =Government of West Bengal | access-date =1 November 2019 | archive-date =16 August 2020 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20200816074737/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/BPHC.pdf | url-status =dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work = Health Statistics – Primary Health Centres | publisher = Government of West Bengal | access-date = 1 November 2019 | archive-date = 21 April 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180421215645/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist |
{{Reflist}} |
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{{South 24 Parganas}} |
{{South 24 Parganas}} |
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Latest revision as of 12:11, 11 November 2024
Falta | |
|---|---|
.svg) Location of Falta community development block in South 24 Parganas district | |
| Coordinates: 22°18′07″N 88°07′42″E / 22.3020°N 88.1284°E | |
| Country |  India |
| State |  West Bengal |
| Division | Presidency |
| District | South 24 Parganas |
| Subdivision | Diamond Harbour |
| Headquarters | Harindanga |
| Government | |
| • Gram Panchayats | Banganagar-I, Banganagar-II, Belsingha-I, Belsingha-II, Chaluari, Debipur, Falta, Fatepur, Gopalpur, Harindanga-I, Harindanga-II, Mallikpur, Noyapukuria |
| • Lok Sabha constituencies | Diamond Harbour |
| • Vidhan Sabha constituencies | Falta |
| Area | |
• Total | 130.68 km2 (50.46 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
• Total | 249,561 |
| • Density | 1,900/km2 (4,900/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 23,399 |
| Demographics | |
| • Literacy | 77.17 per cent |
| • Sex ratio | 955 ♂/♀ |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Bengali[1][2] |
| • Additional official | English[1] |
| Time zone | UTC+05:30 (IST) |
| Website | s24pgs |
Falta is a community development block that forms an administrative division in the Diamond Harbour subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
Geography
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The Falta CD block is located at 22°18′07″N 88°07′42″E / 22.3020°N 88.1284°E. It has an average elevation of 8 metres (26 ft).
The Falta CD block is bounded by the Budge Budge II and Bishnupur II CD blocks in the north, the Magrahat I CD block in the east, the Diamond Harbour I and Diamond Harbour II CD blocks in the south, the Shyampur I CD block in the Howrah district across the Hooghly, in the west.[3][4]
The South 24 Parganas district is divided into two distinct physiographic zones: the marine-riverine delta in the north and the marine delta zone in the south. As the sea receded southwards, in the sub-recent geological period, a large low-lying plain got exposed. Both tidal inflows and the rivers have been depositing sediments in this plain. The periodical collapse of both the natural levees and man-made embankments speed up the process of filling up of the depressions containing Brackish Water wetlands. The marine delta in the south is formed of interlacing tidal channels. As non-saline water for irrigation is scarce, agriculture is monsoon dominated. Some parts of the wetlands are still preserved for raising fish.[5]
The Falta CD block has an area of 130.68 km2. It has 1 panchayat samity, 13 gram panchayats, 186 gram sansads (village councils), 133 mouzas and 129 inhabited villages, as per the District Statistical Handbook, South Twenty-four Parganas. Falta police station serves this CD Block.[6] Headquarters of this CD block is at Harindanga, PO Chabeira.[7][8]
Gram panchayats of Falta CD block/panchayat samiti are: Banganagar-I, Banganagar-II, Belsingha-I, Belsingha-II, Chaluari, Debipur, Falta, Fatepur, Gopalpur, Harindanga-I, Harindanga-II, Mallikpur and Noyapukuria.[9]
Demographics
[edit]Population
[edit]According to the 2011 Census of India, the Falta CD Block had a total population of 249,561, of which 226,162 were rural and 23,399 were urban. There were 127,665 (51%) males and 121,896 (49%) females. There were 28,715 persons in the age range of 0 to 6 years. The Scheduled Castes numbered 60,276 (24.15%) and the Scheduled Tribes numbered 87 (0.03%).[10]
According to the 2001 Census of India, the Falta CD block had a total population of 221,589, out of which 114,207 were males and 107,382 were females. The Falta CD block registered a population growth of 11.64 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for the South 24 Parganas district was 20.89 per cent. Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.84 per cent. The Scheduled Castes at 56,817 formed around one-fourth the population. The Scheduled Tribes numbered 1,623.[11][12][13]
Census Towns in the Falta CD block (2011 census figures in brackets): Hasimnagar (5,267), Baneshwarpur (4,741), Chandpala Anantapathpur (5,286) and Fatepur (8,105).[10]
Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in the Falta CD block (2011 census figures in brackets): Mamudpur (4,037), Rajarampur (7,548), Chak Dhanumandal Krishnarambasu (4,011), Basulat (4,963), Chandideul (4,631), Iswaripur (4,127), Belsingha (4,401), Chaluary (4,708), Banganagar (4,469) and Zafarpur (6,457).[10]
Other villages in the Falta block include (2011 census figures in brackets): Falta (959), Mallikpur (1,307), Noapukhuria (1,882), Harindanga (2,171), Debipur (3,803) and Punya (1,266).[10]
Literacy
[edit]According to the 2011 census, the total number of literate persons in Falta CD block was 170,430 (77.17% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 93,829 (83.00% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 76,601 (71.06% of the female population over 6 years). The gender disparity (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 11.94%.[10]
According to the 2011 Census of India, literacy in the South 24 Parganas district was 77.51[14] Literacy in West Bengal was 77.08% in 2011.[15] Literacy in India in 2011 was 74.04%.[15]
According to the 2001 Census of India, the Falta CD block had a total literacy of 71.89 per cent for the 6+ age group. While male literacy was 81.25 per cent female literacy was 61.86 per cent. The South 24 Parganas district had a total literacy of 69.45 per cent, male literacy being 79.19 per cent and female literacy being 59.01 per cent.[11]
See also – List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate
| Literacy in CD blocks of South 24 Parganas district |
|---|
| Alipore Sadar subdivision |
| Bishnupur I – 78.33% |
| Bishnupur II – 81.37% |
| Budge Budge I – 80.57% |
| Budge Budge II – 79.13% |
| Thakurpukur Maheshtala – 83.54% |
| Baruipur subdivision |
| Baruipur – 76.46% |
| Bhangar I – 72.06% |
| Bhangar II – 74.49% |
| Jaynagar I – 73.17% |
| Jaynagar II – 69.71% |
| Kultali – 69.37% |
| Sonarpur – 79.70% |
| Canning subdivision |
| Basanti – 68.32% |
| Canning I – 70.76% |
| Canning II – 66.51% |
| Gosaba – 78.98% |
| Diamond Harbour subdivision |
| Diamond Harbour I – 75.72% |
| Diamond Harbour II – 76.91% |
| Falta – 77.17% |
| Kulpi – 75.49% |
| Magrahat I – 73.82% |
| Magrahat II – 77.41% |
| Mandirbazar – 75.89% |
| Mathurapur I – 73.93% |
| Mathurapur II – 77.77% |
| Kakdwip subdivision |
| Kakdwip – 77.93% |
| Namkhana – 85.72 |
| Patharpratima – 82.11% |
| Sagar – 84.21% |
| Source: 2011 Census: CD Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data |
Language and religion
[edit]In the 2011 Census of India, Hindus numbered 168,873 and formed 66.15% of the population in the Falta CD block. Muslims numbered 87,352 and formed 33.10% of the population. Others numbered 336 and formed 0.13% of the population.[16] In 2001, Hindus and Muslims were 68.12% and 31.80% of the population respectively.
The proportion of Hindus in the South Twenty-four Parganas district has declined from 76.0% in 1961 to 63.2% in 2011. The proportion of Muslims in the South Twenty-four Parganas district has increased from 23.4% to 35.6% during the same period. Christians formed 0.8% in 2011.[17]
Bengali is the predominant language, spoken by 99.91% of the population.[18]
Rural poverty
[edit]According to the Human Development Report for the South 24 Parganas district, published in 2009, in the Falta CD block the percentage of households below poverty line was 21.56%, a moderate level of poverty. In the north-east and mid central portion of the district, all CD blocks, with the exception of the Kulpi CD block, had poverty rates below 30%. As per rural household survey in 2005, the proportion of households in the South 24 Parganas with poverty rates below poverty line was 34.11%, way above the state and national poverty ratios. The poverty rates were very high in the Sundarbans settlements with all the thirteen CD blocks registering poverty ratios above 30% and eight CD blocks had more than 40% of the population in the BPL category.[19]
Economy
[edit]Livelihood
[edit]Livelihood
in Falta CD block
Cultivators (9.08%)
Agricultural labourers (27.89%)
Household industries (8.55%)
Other Workers (54.48%)
In the Falta CD block in 2011, among the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 8,048 and formed 9.08%, agricultural labourers numbered 24,712 and formed 27.89%, household industry workers numbered 7,578 and formed 8.55% and other workers numbered 48,272 and formed 54.48%.[20] Total workers numbered 88,608 and formed 35.51% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 160,953 and formed 64.49% of the population.[21]
The District Human Development Report points out that in the blocks of the region situated in the close proximity of the Kolkata metropolis, overwhelming majority are involved in the non-agricultural sector for their livelihood. On the other hand, in the Sundarban region, overwhelming majority are dependent on agriculture. In the intermediate region, there is again predominance of the non-agricultural sector. Though the region is not very close to Kolkata, many places are well connected and some industrial/ economic development has taken place.[22]
Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned by self/government/institution. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the Factories Act. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.[23]
Infrastructure
[edit]There are 129 inhabited villages in the Falta CD block, as per the District Census Handbook, South Twenty-four Parganas, 2011. 100% villages have power supply. 128 villages (99.22%) have drinking water supply. 22 villages (17.05%) have post offices. 129 villages (100%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 31 villages (24.03%) have pucca (paved) approach roads and 44 villages (34.11%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 2 villages (1.55%) have agricultural credit societies and 7 villages (5.43%) have banks.[24]
Agriculture
[edit]The South 24 Parganas had played a significant role in the Tebhaga movement launched by the Communist Party of India in 1946. Subsequently, Operation Barga was aimed at securing tenancy rights for the peasants. In the Falta CD block 742.19 acres of land was acquired and vested. Out of this 395.71 acres or 53.82% of the vested land was distributed. The total number of patta (document) holders was 2,256.[25]
According to the District Human Development Report, agriculture is an important source of livelihood in the South Twentyfour Parganas district. The amount of cultivable land per agricultural worker is only 0.41 hectare in the district. Moreover, the irrigation facilities have not been extended to a satisfactory scale. Agriculture mostly remains a mono-cropped activity.[26]
According to the District Census Handbook, the saline soil of the district is unfit for cultivation, but the non-salty lands are very fertile. While rice is the main food crop, jute is the main cash crop.[27]
In 2013–14, there were 54 fertiliser depots, 29 seed stores and 43 fair price shops in the Falta CD block.[28]
In 2013–14, the Falta CD block produced 1,532 tonnes of Aman paddy, the main winter crop, from 1,342 hectares, 13,930 tonnes of Boro paddy (spring crop) from 3,852 hectares. It also produced pulses.[28]
Irrigation
[edit]In the Falta CD block, in 2013–14, 29.20 hectares were irrigated by river lift irrigation and 35.18 hectares by deep tube wells.[28]
Poor irrigation and high soil salinity results in the mono-cropping pattern of cultivation in a major portion of the South 24 Parganas district. As a result of its closeness to the Bay of Bengal, the river waters are mostly saline and are unsuitable for irrigation. Added to the rather gloomy irrigation scenario is the problem of frequent floods.[29]
Pisciculture
[edit]In the Falta CD block, in 2013–14, net area under effective pisciculture was 680 hectares, engaging 6,511 persons in the profession, and with an approximate annual production of 106,472 quintals.[28]
Pisciculture is an important source of employment in the South 24 Parganas district. As of 2001, more than 4.5 lakh people were engaged in pisciculture. Out of this 2.57 lakhs were from the 13 blocks in the Sundarbans settlements.[30]
Banking
[edit]In 2013–14, the Falta CD block had offices of 5 commercial banks and 3 gramin banks.[28]
Backward Regions Grant Fund
[edit]The South 24 Parganas district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the Backward Regions Grant Fund. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 11 districts of West Bengal.[31][32]
Transport
[edit]The Falta CD block has 2 ferry services, 9 originating/ terminating bus routes. The nearest railway station is 20 km from the block headquarters.[28]
Education
[edit]In 2013–14, the Falta CD block had 148 primary schools with 11,264 students, 3 middle schools with 263 students, 19 high schools with 7,411 students and 14 higher secondary schools with 9,895 students. The Falta CD block had 1 general degree college with 895 students and 358 institutions for special and non-formal education with 15,139 students.[28]
See also – Education in India
According to the 2011 census, in the Falta CD block, among the 129 inhabited villages, 5 villages did not have a school, 49 villages had two or more primary schools, 41 villages had at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 32 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school.[33]
- Sadhan Chandra Mahavidyalaya was established at Harindanga in 2007.[34]
- L.J.D. College was established at Punya, PO Saharahat, in 2015.[35]
Healthcare
[edit]In 2014, the Falta CD block had 1 block primary health centre, 1 primary health centre and 15 private nursing homes with total 104 beds and 23 doctors (excluding private bodies). It had 30 family welfare subcentres. 2,132 patients were treated indoor and 95,472 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD block.[28]
According to the 2011 census, in the Falta CD block, 1 village had a primary health centre, 26 villages had primary health subcentres, 20 villages had medicine shops and out of the 129 inhabited villages 38 villages had no medical facilities.[36]
Falta Block Primary Health Centre at Falta, with 10 beds, is the major government medical facility in the Falta CD block. There is a primary health centre at Dholtikuri (PO Charberia) (with 6 beds).[37][38][39]
References
[edit]- ^ a b "Fact and Figures". Wb.gov.in. Retrieved 5 July 2019.
- ^ "52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India" (PDF). Nclm.nic.in. Ministry of Minority Affairs. p. 85. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 5 July 2019.
- ^ "District Census Handbook: South 24 Parganas, Series 20, Part XII B" (PDF). Map of South 24 Parganas with CD block HQs and Police Stations (on the fourth page). Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
- ^ "South Twenty-four Parganas". CD block/ tehsil map. Maps of India. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
- ^ "District Human Development Report: South 24 Parganas". Chapter 1 South 24 Parganas: An Overview, p 9-12. Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2009. Archived from the original on 5 October 2016. Retrieved 1 April 2016.
- ^ "District Statistical Handbook 2014 South 24 Parganas". Table No. 2.1, 2.2. Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal. Archived from the original on 21 January 2019. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
- ^ "BDO Offices under South 24 Parganas District". West Bengal Public Library Network, Government of West Bengal. Archived from the original on 3 October 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
- ^ "Census of India 2011, West Bengal, District Census Handbook, South Twentyfour Parganas, Series – 20, Part XII-A, Village and Town Directory" (PDF). Page 471 - Map of Falta CD block. Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. Retrieved 19 October 2019.
- ^ "Blocks and Gram Panchayats in South 24 Parganas". South 24 Parganas District Administration. Retrieved 1 April 2016.
- ^ a b c d e "C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA)". 2011 census: West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks. Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 2 April 2016.
- ^ a b "District Statistical Handbook – 2010-11 – South 24 Parganas". South 24 Parganas at a glance, Tables 2.2, 2.4 (b), 4.5. Bureau of Applied Economics and Statistics, Government of West Bengal. Archived from the original on 21 January 2019. Retrieved 3 April 2016.
- ^ "Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal. Table 4". Census of India 2001 – South 24 Parganas. Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 20 January 2011.
- ^ "Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal. Table 4". Census of India 2001. Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 20 January 2011.
- ^ "District Census 2011". Population Census 2011. Retrieved 24 January 2016.
- ^ a b "Provisional population tables and annexures" (PDF). Census 2011:Table 2(3) Literates and Literacy rates by sex. Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 9 February 2016.
- ^ a b "Table C-01 Population by Religion: West Bengal". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
- ^ "District Census Handbook South Twentfour Parganas, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A" (PDF). Pages 52-53: Religion. Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
- ^ "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: West Bengal". www.censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
- ^ "District Human Development Report: South 24 Parganas". Pages 42-43, Chapter 3.8: Poverty Scenario in South 24 Parganas. Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal. Archived from the original on 5 October 2016. Retrieved 23 September 2019.
- ^ "District Census Handbook South Twentyfour Parganas, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A" (PDF). Table 33: Distribution of Workers by Sex in Four Categories of Economic Activity in Sub-district 2011. Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. Retrieved 24 September 2019.
- ^ "District Census Handbook South Twentyfour Parganas, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A" (PDF). Table 30: Number and percentage of Main workers, Marginal workers and Non workers by Sex, in Sub-districts, 2011. Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. Retrieved 24 September 2019.
- ^ "District Human Development Report: South 24 Parganas". Page 69 , Chapter 4.3: Occupational Diversification. Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal. Archived from the original on 5 October 2016. Retrieved 23 September 2019.
- ^ "District Census Handbook South Twentyfour Parganas, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A" (PDF). Census Concepts and Definitions, Page 31. Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. Retrieved 28 December 2017.
- ^ "District Census Handbook, South Twentyfour Parganas, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A" (PDF). Page 111, Table 36: Distribution of villages according to availability of different amenities, 2011. Directorate of Operations, West Bengal. Retrieved 26 September 2019.
- ^ "District Human Development Report: South 24 Parganas". (1) Chapter 1.2, South 24 Parganas in Historical Perspective, pages 7-9 (2) Chapter 3.4, Land reforms, pages 32-33. Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2009. Archived from the original on 5 October 2016. Retrieved 3 November 2019.
- ^ "District Human Development Report: South 24 Parganas". Pages 28-30 , Chapter 3.2: Sectoral Composition of Output. Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal. Archived from the original on 5 October 2016. Retrieved 23 September 2019.
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- ^ "District Human Development Report: South 24 Parganas". Page 62 , Chapter 4.3.1: Occupational Diversification, The District Level. Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal. Archived from the original on 5 October 2016. Retrieved 23 September 2019.
- ^ "District Human Development Report: South 24 Parganas". Pages 76 , Chapter 4.5.2: Non-agriculture, (i) Pisciculture. Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal. Archived from the original on 5 October 2016. Retrieved 23 September 2019.
- ^ "Backward Regions Grant Funds: Programme Guidelines" (PDF). Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 October 2017. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
- ^ "Backward Regions Grant Fund". Press Release, 14 June 2012. Press Information Bureau, Government of India. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
- ^ "District Census Handbook, South 24 Parganas, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A" (PDF). Page 931-932, Appendix I A: Villages by number of Primary Schools and Appendix I B: Villages by Primary, Middle and Secondary Schools. Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
- ^ "Sadhan Chandra Mahavidyalaya". SM. Archived from the original on 30 October 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
- ^ "L.J.D. College". LJDC. Retrieved 30 October 2019.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "District Census Handbook, South Twentyfour Parganas, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A" (PDF). Pages 927-929, Appendix I: Summary showing total number of villages having Educational, Medical and other amenities – CD block level. Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. Retrieved 4 October 2019.
- ^ "Health & Family Welfare Department" (PDF). Health Statistics – Rural Hospitals. Government of West Bengal. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 October 2022. Retrieved 1 November 2019.
- ^ "Health & Family Welfare Department" (PDF). Health Statistics – Block Primary Health Centres. Government of West Bengal. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 August 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2019.
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