Clan Keith: Difference between revisions

Clan Keith
Clan Keith
Ceiteach
	Crest: Out of a crest coronet Or, a roebuck's head Proper, attired Or.
Motto	Veritas vincit (Truth conquers)
Slogan	A Keith, Veritas Vincit (also Truth Prevails)
War cry	A Keith, Veritas Vincit
Profile
Region	Lowlands and Highlands
District	East Lothian, Aberdeenshire (lowlands), and Caithness (highlands)
Plant badge	White Rose
Animal	Badger
Chief
	Sir James William Falconer Keith of Urie, 14th Earl of Kintore
	Earl of Kintore; Lord Keith of Inverurie and Keith Hall; Viscount Stonehaven; Baron Stonehaven; Baronet; 6th of Ury
Seat	Keith Hall, Aberdeenshire
Historic seat	Keith Marischal House; Dunnottar Castle; Fetteresso Castle
Last Chief	Michael Keith, 13th Earl of Kintore
Septs of Clan Keith
	Austen, Austin, Cate, Cates, Dick, Dickson, Dixon, Dixson, Falconer, Falkner, Faulkner, Faulknor, Fawkner, Hackston, Harvey, Haxton, Hervey, Hurrie, Hurry, Keath, Keech, Keeth, Keyth, Kite, Laird, Lumgair, MacKeith, Marshall, Ouston, Urie, Urry
Clan branches
	Keith of Kintore (current chiefs); Keith of Marischal (historic chiefs)
Allied clans
	Clan Forbes; Clan Cameron
Rival clans
	Clan Irvine (from 1402 to 2002); Clan Gunn (from 1478 to 1978)

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Clan Keith is a Highland and Lowland Scottish clan, whose Chief historically held the hereditary title of Marischal, then Great Marischal, then Earl Marischal of Scotland.^[1]

History

Origins of the Clan

The placename Keith comes from a Cumbric form of the Modern Welsh coed ("wood").^[2]

A warrior of the Chatti tribe is said to have killed the Danish General, Camus, at the Battle of Barrie in 1010.^[1] For this valour Malcolm II of Scotland dipped three fingers into the blood of the dead and drew them down the warrior's shield.^[1] The warrior was thereafter named Marbhachair Chamuis which meant the Camus Slayer.^[1] The chief of the Clan Keith has borne the same three lines on his shield ever since.^[1] It can be found as early as 1316 on the seal of Sir Robert de Keith.^[1]

King Malcolm's victory at the Battle of Carham in 1018 brought him into possession of Lothian, and the lands of Keith in Lothian were subsequently held by the Camus Slayer.^[1] It is from these lands that his progeny took their name.^[1]

A Norman adventurer named Hervey married the native heiress of Marbhachair and in about 1150 David I of Scotland granted her a charter for the lands of Keith.^[1] In a charter of 1176, their son was styled as Marischal of the King of Scots.^[1] The Marischal was charged with the safety of the king's person within Parliament and was also custodian of the royal regalia.^[1]

Wars of Scottish Independence

In 1308, Robert the Bruce granted the royal Halforest of Aberdeenshire to his friend, Robert de Keith.^[1] Here the Marischal built his castle.^[1] His nephew was William Keith of Galston who returned Bruce's heart to Melrose Abbey after the death of the Sir James Douglas at the Battle of Teba in Andalucia.^[1] Bruce confirmed to the family the hereditary office of marischal by a charter of 1324 and Sir Robert de Keith had commanded the Scottish cavalry at the Battle of Bannockburn.^[1] The office was held upon the condition that they bore the ancient arms that they had inherited from Marbhachair Chamuis.^[1]

Sir Robert Keith, the Marishchal, escorted the young David II of Scotland when he fled to France to escape the usurpation Edward Balliol.^[1]

15th century and Clan conflicts

The Clan Keith were often at feud with the neighbouring Clan Irvine and, in 1402, the Clan Irvine are said to have attacked and defeated an invading war party of the Clan Keith in what was known as the Battle of Drumoak.^[3]

Sir William Keith the Marischal who died in 1407 married the heiress of Sir Alexander Fraser and in doing so added great estates in Buchan, Kincardine and Lothian to his existing patrimony.^[1] William's half-brother, John Keith, married the Cheyne heiress which brought the Keiths massive estates in Inverugie as well as Inverugie Castle, which later became the seat of the clan chiefs.^[1] Three of Sir William Keith's children married children of Robert II of Scotland, while another daughter married Sir Adam Gordon, ancestor of the Earls of Huntly.^[1]

Circa 1458, the heir of the Marischal or Great Marischal was made 1st Earl Marischal and was the only peer to be styled by his office of state.^[1]

A branch of the Clan Keith who inhabited Caithness fought at the Battle of Tannach (probably 1464) where they assisted the Clan Mackay against the Clan Gunn.^[4] They later fought another battle against the Gunns, known as the Battle of Champions (probably 1478). This battle was fought between twelve men of the Clan Gunn and twenty four men of the Clan Keith. Most the Gunns, including the chief of the clan, were killed. However, Keith of Ackergill was soon after killed by the Gunns in a revenge attack.^[5] ^[6]

16th and 17th centuries

William Keith, 3rd Earl Marischal, along with the Earl of Glencairn invited John Knox the religious reformer back to Scotland in 1559.^[1] William Keith, 4th Earl Marischal, founded the Marischal College in Aberdeen.^[1] George Keith, 5th Earl Marischal, undertook the embassy to Denmark which resulted in the marriage of James VI of Scotland to Anne of Denmark.^[1]

A clansmen, William Keith of Delny (died 1599), was a Scottish courtier and Master of the Royal Wardrobe.^[7] He also served as ambassador for James VI to various countries.^[8]^[9] He was an important intermediary between George Keith, 5th Earl Marischal and the king, the king and courtiers, and the king and foreign governments.^[10]

After Charles II of England was crowned in 1651, William Keith, 7th Earl Marischal, was captured and imprisoned in the Tower of London.^[1] He remained there until the Restoration when the king appointed him a Privy Councillor and later Lord Privy Seal as recompense for what he and his family had suffered in the royal cause.^[1] After Charles's coronation the Scottish crown jewels had been hidden on the Keith lands and as a result Marischal's brother, John Keith, was created Knight Marischal and Earl of Kintore.^[1]

18th century and Jacobite Risings

George Keith, 8th Earl Marischal, was appointed a Knight of the Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle by James Francis Edward Stuart (the Old Pretender).^[1] During the Jacobite rising of 1715, the Clan Keith supported the Jacobite cause.^[1] As a result, George Keith, 10th Earl Marischal, along with his brother, James Francis Edward Keith, forfeited their lands, castles and titles.^[1] However the two Keith brothers played a part in Continental affairs during the 18th century with the earl being one of the very few Jacobite Knights of the Most Noble Order of the Garter.^[1] He also received the highest order in Prussia, the Order of the Black Eagle,^[1] while his brother was given Russia's Order of St. Andrew the Apostle the First-Called.^[1]

In 1801, the Right Honourable the Lord Lyon King of Arms recognised Keith of Ravelston and Dunnotter as representer of the Marischal Keiths and his nephew was dubbed Knight Marischal in 1822 for George IV's visit to Edinburgh that year.^[1]

Algernon Hawkins Thomond Keith-Falconer, 9th Earl of Kintore and 9th Lord Keith Inverurie and Keith Hall, was flamboyant and decimated the Kintore estates.^[1] However, Sir James Ian Baird of Urie then Keith of Urie, 12th Earl of Kintore, 12th Lord Keith of Inverurie and Keith Hall, 2nd Viscount Stonehaven, 2nd Baron Stonehaven and 3rd Baronet, promoted the clan internationally and appointed a Seanchaí to preserve their history and traditions.^[1]

In 1978, the Chief of Clan Keith and the Commander of Clan Gunn signed a peace treaty at the site of the Chapel of St. Tayrs, ending the feud between the two clans which began in 1478.^[11]

In 2002, the 13th Earl of Kintore, who was the previous Chief of Clan Keith, entered into a peace treaty the previous Chief of Clan Irvine, with at an elaborate ceremony on the banks of the River Dee to end their 600-year feud.^[12]

Chief

The current Chief of Clan Keith is Sir James William Falconer Keith of Urie, 14th Earl of Kintore, 14th Lord Keith of Inverurie and Keith Hall, 4th Viscount Stonehaven, 4th Baron Stonehaven, 5th Baronet, 6th of Ury (b. 15 April 1976).

Clan Tartan, Crest & Motto

The Keith clan tartan is registered with the Scottish Register of Tartans with a date of 1 January 1838. The Scottish Tartans Authority (STA) and Scottish Tartans World Register (STWR) reference numbers are both 253. The designer is not specified and the tartan was registered prior to the establishment of the Scottish Register of Tartans (SRT).

Registration notes:

Jack Dalgety notes of June 1963 state: 'This sett is the same as Falconer, Austin and Marshall and derives from Lord Falconer who took over the entailed lands of the Keith, Earl Marischal in the early 1800's. There is a family Keith-Falconer who wear this tartan' The earliest known date from a list compiled by D.C. Stewart from Wilsons of Bannockburn letters is 1838. Also recorded in Wilson's of Bannockburn, 1819 pattern book as No. 75 or Austin. D.W. Stewart writes in 'Old and Rare..'in 1893, "that it is included in every early collection." The Keiths were a powerful Celtic family, who held the hereditary office of Great Marischal of Scotland. They are associated with Dunottar Castle, near Stonehaven'. Wilsons of Bannockburn a weaving firm founded c1770 near Stirling. The Pattern books are in the National Museum of Antiquities, Edinburgh. Copys of the Pattern books and letters in the Scottish Tartans Society archive^[13]

The Clan Crest and motto

The clan crest is a roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) also known as the roe, western roe deer or European roe, is a species of deer. The male of the species is sometimes referred to as a roebuck.^[14] The Keith Clan Motto: Veritas Vincit is translated as Truth Conquers.

Castles

Keith Marischal House, three miles south of Pencaitland, East Lothian, is an L-plan tower house that dates from the sixteenth century.^[15] It is on the site of an earlier castle that was built by the Keiths from the fourteenth century.^[15]
Dunnottar Castle stands on a cliff-girt promontory above the sea a couple of miles south of Stonehaven, Kincardineshire.^[15] There has been a strong-hold there since the twelfth century, although it was held by the Keiths from 1382 after they exchanged their property of Struthers with the Clan Lindsay for Dunnottar.^[15] The present ruins at Dunnottar include a tower, courtyard, chapel and the entrance to the castle that is up a steep ascent through a tunnel.^[15] Donald, King of Scots was killed there in 900 and William Wallace captured the castle from the English in 1297.^[15] Mary, Queen of Scots stayed at the castle in 1562 and James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose unsuccessfully laid siege to the castle in 1645.^[15] William Keith, 9th Earl Marischal entertained Charles II of England at the castle in 1650 and the Scottish regalia was kept there when Oliver Cromwell invaded in 1651.^[15] Cromwell besieged the castle in 1652 and it only capitulated after eight months by starvation and mutiny.^[15] The castle garrison had then been commanded by Sir Robert Keith, fourth son of the 6th Earl Marischal.^[15] The castle was held for William of Orange in 1689 and many Jacobites were imprisoned in it.^[15] The Duke of Argyll partly slighted the castle after George Keith, 10th Earl Marischal had supported the Jacobite rising of 1715.^[15]
Keith Hall in Aberdeenshire, once known as Caskieben,^[15] is the current seat of the chief of Clan Keith.^[1] It is a Z-plan tower house dating from the sixteenth century.^[15]
Fetteresso Castle passed from the Clan Strachan to the Clan Keith chief, Earl Marischal during the early 14th century.^[15]
Ackergill Tower, a couple of miles north of Wick, Caithness is a tower and mansion that dates from the fifteenth century.^[15] It rises to five storeys and was originally held by the Cheynes but passed to the Keith Earls Marischal in about 1350.^[15] The Keiths who inhabited Caithness had a long and bitter feud with the Clan Gunn.^[15] In 1556 the Keiths were besieged in the castle by the Clan Sinclair before eventually selling it to them in 1612.^[15] Sir Robert Keith of Benholm had also once attacked the castle during a family dispute.^[15]
Clackriach Castle, a sixteenth century tower house near Maud in Aberdeenshire.

Notes and references

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak Way, George and Squire, Romily. (1994). Collins Scottish Clan & Family Encyclopedia. (Foreword by The Rt Hon. The Earl of Elgin KT, Convenor, The Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs). pp. 180 – 181.
^ Taylor, Simon. (2004). Scandinavians in Central Scotland – By-place-names and their Context. pp. 131.
^ Clan Irvine Brief History Archived 6 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine irvinehistory.com. Retrieved 22 September 2013.
^ Gordon, Sir Robert (1580–1656), A Genealogical History of the Earldom of Sutherland. p. 69.
^ Mackay, Robert. (1829). History of the House and Clan of the Name MacKay. p.82. Quoting: Gordon, Sir Robert. (1580–1656). A Genealogical History of the Earldom of Sutherland.
^ "The Cruner Slain by the Keiths in Chappel of St Taye". The History of the Feuds and Conflicts among the Clans in the Northern Parts of Scotland and in the Western Isles. Glasgow: Printed by J. & J. Robertson for John Gillies, Perth. 1780 [Originally published in 1764 by Foulis press]. p. 16. Retrieved 11 October 2020. Written from a manuscript wrote in the reign of James VI of Scotland
^ Miles Kerr-Peterson, 'Sir William Keith of Delny', Innes Review 67:2 (2016), pp. 148-9.
^ John Bruce, Leycester Correspondence (London: Camden Society, 1844), p. 52.
^ King James's Secret (London, 1927), p. 83.
^ Calendar State Papers Scotland, vol. 10 (Edinburgh, 1936), p. 371.
^ "History of the Keith Family". ceiteach.org.nz. Clan Keith. Archived from the original on 13 January 2020. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
^ "Obituary: David Irvine of Drum, chief who helped end a centuries-old clan feud David Irvine of Drum, clan chief. Born: January 20, 1939, in Birkenhead. Died: February 9, 2019, in Aberdeen, aged 80". www.scotsman.com. 23 April 2019. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
^ "Scottish Register of Tartans - Tartan Details - Keith Clan". tartanregister.gov.uk. National Records of Scotland. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
^ "Scots Connection". scotsconnection.com. Scots Connection. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t Coventry, Martin. (2008). Castles of the Clans: The Strongholds and Seats of 750 Scottish Families and Clans. pp. 297 – 300. ISBN 978-1-899874-36-1.

Bibliography

Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Keith" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 715–716.
References from the 1911 Encyclopædia: See
- Calendar of Documents relating to Scotland, edited by J. Bain (4 vols., Edinburgh, 1881–1888); Peter Buchan,
- An Account of the Ancient and Noble Family of Keith (Edinburgh, 1828);
- Memoirs and Correspondence of Sir Robert Murray Keith, edited by Mrs. Gillespie Smyth (London, 1849);
- John Spalding, Memorials of the Troubles in Scotland, 1624–1645 (2 vols., Spalding Club Publ. 21, 23, Aberdeen, 1850–1851);
- Sir Robert Douglas, rev. John Philip Wood, The Peerage of Scotland (Edinburgh, 1813);
- G.E.C., Complete Peerage, vol. iv (London, 1892).
Homer Dixon B. "The Border or Riding Clans and History of Clan Dickson" Albany, New York Joel Munsell's Sons, Publishers 1889
Alexander Nisbet. "Nisbet's System of Heraldry" published in Edinburgh 1722
Frank Adam and Thomas Innes. "The Clans, Septs and Regiments of the Scottish Highlands" 1934
Chris Brown. "Robert the Bruce, A Life Chronicled" Tempus Publishing Stroud 2004. ISBN 0-7524-2575-7
Liber S. Marie de Calchou : registrum cartarum abbacie tironensis de Kelso, 1113–1567, II vols. Bannatyne Club, Edinburgh 1846.[1]

External links

[Clan.Encyclopedia.Keith-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak Way, George and Squire, Romily. (1994). Collins Scottish Clan & Family Encyclopedia. (Foreword by The Rt Hon. The Earl of Elgin KT, Convenor, The Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs). pp. 180 – 181.

[2] Taylor, Simon. (2004). Scandinavians in Central Scotland – By-place-names and their Context. pp. 131.

[CLANIRVINE2-3] Clan Irvine Brief History Archived 6 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine irvinehistory.com. Retrieved 22 September 2013.

[4] Gordon, Sir Robert (1580–1656), A Genealogical History of the Earldom of Sutherland. p. 69.

[5] Mackay, Robert. (1829). History of the House and Clan of the Name MacKay. p.82. Quoting: Gordon, Sir Robert. (1580–1656). A Genealogical History of the Earldom of Sutherland.

[Source1-6] "The Cruner Slain by the Keiths in Chappel of St Taye". The History of the Feuds and Conflicts among the Clans in the Northern Parts of Scotland and in the Western Isles. Glasgow: Printed by J. & J. Robertson for John Gillies, Perth. 1780 [Originally published in 1764 by Foulis press]. p. 16. Retrieved 11 October 2020. Written from a manuscript wrote in the reign of James VI of Scotland

[7] Miles Kerr-Peterson, 'Sir William Keith of Delny', Innes Review 67:2 (2016), pp. 148-9.

[8] John Bruce, Leycester Correspondence (London: Camden Society, 1844), p. 52.

[9] King James's Secret (London, 1927), p. 83.

[10] Calendar State Papers Scotland, vol. 10 (Edinburgh, 1936), p. 371.

[ceiteach-11] "History of the Keith Family". ceiteach.org.nz. Clan Keith. Archived from the original on 13 January 2020. Retrieved 5 October 2020.

[2019Obit-12] "Obituary: David Irvine of Drum, chief who helped end a centuries-old clan feud David Irvine of Drum, clan chief. Born: January 20, 1939, in Birkenhead. Died: February 9, 2019, in Aberdeen, aged 80". www.scotsman.com. 23 April 2019. Retrieved 8 October 2020.

[tartanregister-13] "Scottish Register of Tartans - Tartan Details - Keith Clan". tartanregister.gov.uk. National Records of Scotland. Retrieved 29 July 2024.

[14] "Scots Connection". scotsconnection.com. Scots Connection. Retrieved 29 July 2024.

[Coventry-15] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t Coventry, Martin. (2008). Castles of the Clans: The Strongholds and Seats of 750 Scottish Families and Clans. pp. 297 – 300. ISBN 978-1-899874-36-1.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Highland and Lowland Scottish clan}}
 {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}
 {{Use British English|date=July 2015}}
 {{Infobox clan
 |clan name      = Clan Keith
-|image badge    =
+|image badge    = Clan member crest badge - Clan Keith.svg
-|chiefs crest   =
+|chiefs crest   = Out of a crest coronet Or, a roebuck's head Proper, attired Or.
-|chiefs motto   = Dexter: ''Quae amissa salva'' (What has been lost is safe)<br>Sinister: ''Veritas vincit'' (Truth conquers)<br>On compartment: ''Thay say: quhat they say: thay haif sayed: let thame say''
+|chiefs motto   = ''Veritas vincit'' (Truth conquers)
 |chiefs slogan  = ''A Keith'', Veritas Vincit (''also'' Truth Prevails)
 |war cry        = A Keith, Veritas Vincit
@@ Line 12: / Line 13: @@
 |gaelic names   = Ceiteach
 |image arms     = Earl of Kintore COA.svg
-|plant badge    = [[White Rose]]
+|plant badge    = [[Rosa_pimpinellifolia|White Rose]]
 |animal         = [[Badger]]
 |pipe music     =
-|chiefs name    = Sir James William Falconer Keith of Urie
+|chiefs name    = [[James Keith, 14th Earl of Kintore|Sir James William Falconer Keith of Urie, 14th Earl of Kintore]]
-|chiefs title   = 14th [[Earl of Kintore]]<br/>14th Lord Keith of Inverurie and Keith Hall<br/>4th [[Viscount Stonehaven]]<br/>4th Baron Stonehaven<br/>5th Baronet<br/>6th of Ury
+|chiefs title   = [[Earl of Kintore]]<br/>Lord Keith of Inverurie and Keith Hall<br/>[[Viscount Stonehaven]]<br/>Baron Stonehaven<br/>Baronet<br/>6th of Ury
 |chiefs gaelic title =
 |seat           = [[Caskieben|Keith Hall]], Aberdeenshire
 |historic seat  = [[Keith Marischal House]]<br>[[Dunnottar Castle]]<br>[[Fetteresso Castle]]
-|septs          = [[Austen]], [[Austin (name)|Austin]], [[Cate (surname)|Cate]], [[Cates]], [[Dick (surname)|Dick]], [[Dickson (surname)|Dickson]], [[Dixon (surname)|Dixon]], [[Dixson]], [[Falconer (surname)|Falconer]], Falkner, [[Faulkner (surname)|Faulkner]], Faulknor, Fawkner, [[Hackston (surname)|Hackston]], [[Harvey (name)|Harvey]], [[Haxton (surname)|Haxton]], [[Hervey]], [[Hurrie]], [[Hurry (surname)|Hurry]], [[Keath]], [[Keech]], [[Keeth]], [[Keyth]], [[Kite (surname)|Kite]], [[Laird (surname)|Laird]], [[Lumgair]], [[MacKeith]], [[Marshall (name)|Marshall]], [[Ouston (surname)|Ouston]], [[Urie (surname)|Urie]], [[Urry]]
+|septs          = Austen, Austin, Cate, Cates, Dick, Dickson, Dixon, Dixson, Falconer, Falkner, Faulkner, Faulknor, Fawkner, Hackston, Harvey, Haxton, Hervey, Hurrie, Hurry, Keath, Keech, Keeth, Keyth, Kite, Laird, Lumgair, MacKeith, Marshall, Ouston, Urie, Urry
 |branches       = [[Earl of Kintore|Keith of Kintore]] (current chiefs)<br>[[Earl Marischal|Keith of Marischal]] (historic chiefs)
 |Allied clans   = [[Clan Forbes]]<br>[[Clan Cameron]]
-|Rival clans    = [[Clan Irvine]]<br>[[Clan Gunn]] (from 1478 to 1978)
+|Rival clans    = [[Clan Irvine]] (from 1402 to 2002)<br>[[Clan Gunn]] (from 1478 to 1978)
 <!-- the following information is for clans without a current chief -->
-|last chiefs name =
+|last chiefs name = [[Michael Keith, 13th Earl of Kintore]]
 |date of death of last chief =
 |commander      =
@@ Line 32: / Line 33: @@
 ==History==
 ===Origins of the Clan===
-[[File:Arms of Edward Keith, Great Marischal of Scotland (d. 1346).svg|thumb|right|Arms of Keith, Earl Marischal:{{br}}'''''Argent, on a chief gules, three palets or.''''']]
+[[File:Arms of Keith, Earl Marischal.svg|thumb|right|Arms of Keith, Earl Marischal:{{Clear}}'''''Argent, on a chief gules, three palets or.''''']]
 The placename Keith comes from a [[Cumbric]] form of the [[Modern Welsh]] ''coed'' ("wood").<ref>Taylor, Simon. (2004). ''Scandinavians in Central Scotland – By-place-names and their Context''. pp. 131.</ref>
@@ Line 50: / Line 52: @@
 The Clan Keith were often at feud with the neighbouring [[Clan Irvine]] and, in 1402, the Clan Irvine are said to have attacked and defeated an invading war party of the Clan Keith in what was known as the [[Battle of Drumoak]].<ref name="CLANIRVINE2">[http://www.irvinehistory.com/Brief_History.htm Clan Irvine Brief History] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406000144/http://www.irvinehistory.com/Brief_History.htm |date=6 April 2012 }} irvinehistory.com. Retrieved 22 September 2013.</ref>
-Sir William Keith the Marischal who died in 1407 married the heiress of Sir Alexander Fraser and in doing so added great estates in [[Buchan]], [[Kincardineshire|Kincardine]] and [[Lothian]] to his existing patrimony.<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Keith"/> William's brother, John Keith, married the Cheyne heiress which brought the Keiths massive estates in [[Inverugie]] as well as [[Inverugie Castle]], which later became the seat of the clan chiefs.<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Keith"/> Three of Sir William Keith's children married children of [[Robert II of Scotland]], while another daughter married Sir Adam Gordon, ancestor of the [[Earl of Huntly|Earls of Huntly]].<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Keith"/>
+Sir William Keith the Marischal who died in 1407 married the heiress of Sir Alexander Fraser and in doing so added great estates in [[Buchan]], [[Kincardineshire|Kincardine]] and [[Lothian]] to his existing patrimony.<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Keith"/> William's half-brother, John Keith, married the Cheyne heiress which brought the Keiths massive estates in [[Inverugie]] as well as [[Inverugie Castle]], which later became the seat of the clan chiefs.<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Keith"/> Three of Sir William Keith's children married children of [[Robert II of Scotland]], while another daughter married Sir Adam Gordon, ancestor of the [[Earl of Huntly|Earls of Huntly]].<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Keith"/>
 Circa 1458, the heir of the Marischal or Great Marischal was made 1st [[Earl Marischal]] and was the only peer to be styled by his office of state.<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Keith"/>
-A branch of the Clan Keith who inhabited [[Caithness]] fought at the [[Battle of Tannach]] (probably 1464) where they assisted the [[Clan Mackay]] against the [[Clan Gunn]].<ref>[[Sir Robert Gordon, 1st Baronet|Gordon, Sir Robert]] (1580–1656), ''A Genealogical History of the Earldom of Sutherland''. p. 69.</ref> They later fought another battle against the Gunns, known as the [[Battle of Champions]] (probably 1478). This battle was fought between twelve men of the Clan Gunn and twenty four men of the Clan Keith. All the Gunns, including the chief of the clan, were killed. However, Keith of Ackergill was soon after killed by the Gunns in a revenge attack.<ref>Mackay, Robert. (1829). ''History of the House and Clan of the Name MacKay''. p.82. Quoting: Gordon, Sir Robert. (1580–1656). ''A Genealogical History of the Earldom of Sutherland''.</ref>
+A branch of the Clan Keith who inhabited [[Caithness]] fought at the [[Battle of Tannach]] (probably 1464) where they assisted the [[Clan Mackay]] against the [[Clan Gunn]].<ref>[[Sir Robert Gordon, 1st Baronet|Gordon, Sir Robert]] (1580–1656), ''A Genealogical History of the Earldom of Sutherland''. p. 69.</ref> They later fought another battle against the Gunns, known as the [[Battle of Champions]] (probably 1478). This battle was fought between twelve men of the Clan Gunn and twenty four men of the Clan Keith. Most the Gunns, including the chief of the clan, were killed. However, Keith of Ackergill was soon after killed by the Gunns in a revenge attack.<ref>Mackay, Robert. (1829). ''History of the House and Clan of the Name MacKay''. p.82. Quoting: Gordon, Sir Robert. (1580–1656). ''A Genealogical History of the Earldom of Sutherland''.</ref> <ref name="Source1">{{cite book |chapter=The Cruner Slain by the Keiths in Chappel of St Taye |title=The History of the Feuds and Conflicts among the Clans in the Northern Parts of Scotland and in the Western Isles |url=https://archive.org/details/historyoffeudsco00glas |year=1780 |orig-year=Originally published in 1764 by [[Foulis press]] |location=[[Glasgow]] |publisher=Printed by J. & J. Robertson for [[John Gillies (historian)|John Gillies]], Perth |page=[https://archive.org/details/historyoffeudsco00glas/page/16/mode/2up 16] |quote=Written from a manuscript wrote in the reign of James VI of Scotland |access-date=October 11, 2020}}</ref>
 ===16th and 17th centuries===
-[[File:Dunnottar Castle 2.jpg|300px|thumb|right|The ruins of [[Dunnottar Castle]], a seat of the chiefs of Clan Keith]]
+[[File:Dunnottar Castle 2.jpg|thumb|right|The ruins of [[Dunnottar Castle]], a seat of the chiefs of Clan Keith]]
 William Keith, 3rd Earl Marischal, along with the [[Earl of Glencairn]] invited [[John Knox]] the religious reformer back to Scotland in 1559.<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Keith"/> [[William Keith, 4th Earl Marischal]], founded the [[Marischal College]] in [[Aberdeen]].<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Keith"/> [[George Keith, 5th Earl Marischal]], undertook the embassy to [[Denmark]] which resulted in the marriage of [[James VI of Scotland]] to [[Anne of Denmark]].<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Keith"/>
+A clansmen, [[William Keith of Delny]] (died 1599), was a Scottish courtier and Master of the Royal Wardrobe.<ref>Miles Kerr-Peterson, 'Sir William Keith of Delny', ''Innes Review'' 67:2 (2016), pp. 148-9.</ref> He also served as ambassador for James VI to various countries.<ref>John Bruce, ''Leycester Correspondence'' (London: Camden Society, 1844), p. 52.</ref><ref>''King James's Secret'' (London, 1927), p. 83.</ref> He was an important intermediary between George Keith, 5th Earl Marischal and the king, the king and courtiers, and the king and foreign governments.<ref>''Calendar State Papers Scotland'', vol. 10 (Edinburgh, 1936), p. 371.</ref>
 After [[Charles II of England]] was crowned in 1651, [[William Keith, 7th Earl Marischal]], was captured and imprisoned in the [[Tower of London]].<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Keith"/> He remained there until the [[Restoration (Scotland)|Restoration]] when the king appointed him a Privy Councillor and later Lord Privy Seal as recompense for what he and his family had suffered in the royal cause.<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Keith"/> After Charles's coronation the Scottish crown jewels had been hidden on the Keith lands and as a result Marischal's brother, [[John Keith, 1st Earl of Kintore|John Keith]], was created Knight Marischal and [[Earl of Kintore]].<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Keith"/>
@@ Line 65: / Line 69: @@
 George Keith, 8th Earl Marischal, was appointed a Knight of the [[Order of the Thistle|Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle]] by [[James Francis Edward Stuart]] (the ''Old Pretender'').<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Keith"/> During the [[Jacobite rising of 1715]], the Clan Keith supported the Jacobite cause.<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Keith"/> As a result, [[George Keith, 10th Earl Marischal]], along with his brother, [[James Francis Edward Keith]], forfeited their lands, castles and titles.<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Keith"/> However the two Keith brothers played a part in Continental affairs during the 18th century with the earl being one of the very few [[Jacobite Peerage|Jacobite Knights of the Most Noble Order of the Garter]].<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Keith"/> He also received the highest order in [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]], the [[Order of the Black Eagle]],<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Keith"/> while his brother was given [[Russian Empire|Russia]]'s [[Order of St. Andrew|Order of St. Andrew the Apostle the First-Called]].<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Keith"/>
-===Modern History===
 In 1801, [[Lord Lyon King of Arms|the Right Honourable the Lord Lyon King of Arms]] recognised Keith of Ravelston and Dunnotter as representer of the Marischal Keiths and his nephew was dubbed Knight Marischal in 1822 for [[George IV of the United Kingdom|George IV]]'s visit to [[Edinburgh]] that year.<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Keith"/>
 [[Algernon Keith-Falconer, 9th Earl of Kintore|Algernon Hawkins Thomond Keith-Falconer, 9th Earl of Kintore and 9th Lord Keith Inverurie and Keith Hall]], was flamboyant and decimated the Kintore estates.<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Keith"/> However, [[Ian Keith, 12th Earl of Kintore|Sir James Ian Baird of Urie then Keith of Urie, 12th Earl of Kintore, 12th Lord Keith of Inverurie and Keith Hall, 2nd Viscount Stonehaven, 2nd Baron Stonehaven and 3rd Baronet]], promoted the clan internationally and appointed a [[Seanchaí]] to preserve their history and traditions.<ref name="Clan.Encyclopedia.Keith"/>
-In 1978, the Chief of Clan Keith and the Commander of Clan Gunn signed a peace treaty at the site of the [[Chapel of St. Tayrs]], ending the feud between the two clans which began in 1478.<ref>https://www.ceiteach.org.nz/history-keith-family</ref>
+In 1978, the Chief of Clan Keith and the Commander of Clan Gunn signed a peace treaty at the site of the [[Chapel of St. Tayrs]], ending the feud between the two clans which began in 1478.<ref name="ceiteach">{{cite web |title=History of the Keith Family |url=https://www.ceiteach.org.nz/history-keith-family |website=ceiteach.org.nz |publisher=Clan Keith |accessdate=5 October 2020 |archive-date=13 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113215710/http://ceiteach.org.nz/history-keith-family |url-status=dead }}</ref>
+In 2002, the 13th [[Earl of Kintore]], who was the previous Chief of Clan Keith, entered into a peace treaty the previous Chief of Clan Irvine, with at an elaborate ceremony on the banks of the [[River Dee, Aberdeenshire|River Dee]] to end their 600-year feud.<ref name="2019Obit">{{cite news |title=Obituary: David Irvine of Drum, chief who helped end a centuries-old clan feud David Irvine of Drum, clan chief. Born: January 20, 1939, in Birkenhead. Died: February 9, 2019, in Aberdeen, aged 80 |url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-david-irvine-drum-chief-who-helped-end-centuries-old-clan-feud-1419300 |accessdate=8 October 2020 |work=www.scotsman.com |date=23 April 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
 ==Chief==
 The current [[Scottish clan chief|Chief]] of Clan Keith is Sir James William Falconer Keith of Urie, 14th [[Earl of Kintore]], 14th Lord Keith of Inverurie and Keith Hall, 4th [[Viscount Stonehaven]], 4th Baron Stonehaven, 5th Baronet, 6th of Ury (b. 15 April 1976).
+==Clan Tartan, Crest & Motto==
+[[File:Tartan Keith.jpg | thumb | right | alt= The Keith Clan tartan | Keith Clan tartan]]The Keith clan [[tartan]] is registered with the [[Scottish Register of Tartans]] with a date of 1 January 1838. The [[Scottish Tartans Authority]] (STA) and [[Scottish Tartans World Register]] (STWR) reference numbers are both 253. The designer is not specified and the tartan was registered prior to the establishment of the Scottish Register of Tartans (SRT).
+Registration notes:
+<blockquote>
+Jack Dalgety notes of June 1963 state: 'This sett is the same as Falconer, Austin and Marshall and derives from Lord Falconer who took over the entailed lands of the Keith, [[Earl Marischal]] in the early 1800's. There is a family Keith-Falconer who wear this tartan' The earliest known date from a list compiled by D.C. Stewart from Wilsons of [[Bannockburn]] letters is 1838. Also recorded in Wilson's of Bannockburn, 1819 pattern book as No. 75 or Austin. D.W. Stewart writes in 'Old and Rare..'in 1893, "that it is included in every early collection." The Keiths were a powerful Celtic family, who held the hereditary office of [[Great Marischal of Scotland]]. They are associated with [[Dunnottar Castle|Dunottar Castle]], near [[Stonehaven]]'. Wilsons of Bannockburn a weaving firm founded c1770 near [[Stirling]]. The Pattern books are in the [[National_Museum_of_Scotland|National Museum of Antiquities]], Edinburgh. Copys of the Pattern books and letters in the [[Scottish Tartans Society]] archive<ref name="tartanregister">{{cite web |title=Scottish Register of Tartans - Tartan Details - Keith Clan |url=https://www.tartanregister.gov.uk/tartanDetails?ref=1936 |website=tartanregister.gov.uk |publisher=National Records of Scotland |accessdate=29 July 2024 }}</ref>
+</blockquote>
+===The Clan Crest and motto===
+The clan crest is a roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) also known as the roe, western roe deer or European roe, is a species of deer. The male of the species is sometimes referred to as a roebuck.<ref>{{cite web |title=Scots Connection|url=https://www.scotsconnection.com/clan_crests/keith.htm|website=scotsconnection.com |publisher=Scots Connection|accessdate=29 July 2024 }}</ref> The  Keith Clan Motto: Veritas Vincit is translated as Truth Conquers.
 ==Castles==
@@ Line 81: / Line 100: @@
 * [[Fetteresso Castle]] passed from the [[Clan Strachan]] to the Clan Keith chief, [[Earl Marischal]] during the early 14th century.<ref name="Coventry"/>
 * [[Ackergill Tower]], a couple of miles north of [[Wick, Highland|Wick]], [[Caithness]] is a tower and mansion that dates from the fifteenth century.<ref name="Coventry"/> It rises to five storeys and was originally held by the Cheynes but passed to the Keith Earls Marischal in about 1350.<ref name="Coventry"/> The Keiths who inhabited Caithness had a long and bitter feud with the [[Clan Gunn]].<ref name="Coventry"/> In 1556 the Keiths were besieged in the castle by the [[Clan Sinclair]] before eventually selling it to them in 1612.<ref name="Coventry"/> Sir Robert Keith of Benholm had also once attacked the castle during a family dispute.<ref name="Coventry"/>
+* [[Clackriach Castle]], a sixteenth century [[tower house]] near [[Maud, Aberdeenshire|Maud]] in [[Aberdeenshire]].
 ==Notes and references==
-{{reflist}}
+{{Reflist}}
 ==Bibliography==
-* {{EB1911 |wstitle=Keith (family) |volume=15}}
+* {{Cite EB1911 |wstitle=Keith (family) |display=Keith |volume=15 |pages=715–716}}
 * References from the 1911 Encyclopædia: See
 ** ''Calendar of Documents relating to Scotland'', edited by J. Bain (4 vols., Edinburgh, 1881–1888); Peter Buchan,
@@ Line 106: / Line 126: @@
 {{Scottish clans}}
+{{Authority control}}
 [[Category:Scottish clans|Keith]]
+[[Category:Scottish Lowlands]]

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List of Scottish clans
Clans with chiefs	Agnew Anstruther Arbuthnott Arthur Bannerman Barclay Borthwick Boyd Boyle Brodie Broun Bruce Buchan Buchanan Burnett Cameron Campbell Carmichael Carnegie Carruthers Cathcart Charteris Chattan Chisholm Cochrane Colquhoun Colville Cranstoun Crichton Cumming (Comyn) Cunningham Darroch Davidson Dewar Drummond Dunbar Dundas Durie Elliot Elphinstone Erskine Farquharson Fergusson Forbes Forsyth Fraser Fraser of Lovat Gordon Graham Grant Gregor Grierson Gunn Guthrie Haig Haldane Hamilton Hannay Hay Henderson Home Hope Hunter Irvine Jardine Johnstone Keith Kennedy Kerr Kincaid Lamont Leask Lennox Leslie Lindsay Livingstone Lockhart Lumsden Lyon MacAlister MacBean MacDonald Macdonald of Clanranald Macdonald of Sleat MacDonell of Glengarry MacDonald of Keppoch MacDonald of Glencoe MacDougall MacDowall MacIntyre Mackay Mackenzie Mackinnon Mackintosh Maclachlan Maclaine of Lochbuie MacLaren Maclean MacLennan MacLeod MacLeod of Lewis MacMillan Macnab Macnaghten MacNeacail MacNeil Macpherson MacTavish MacThomas Maitland Makgill Malcolm (MacCallum) Mar Marjoribanks Matheson Menzies Moffat Moncreiffe Montgomery Morrison Munro Murray Napier Nesbitt Nicolson Ogilvy Oliphant Primrose Pringle Ramsay Rattray Riddell Robertson Rollo Rose Ross Ruthven Sandilands Scott Scrymgeour Sempill Shaw Sinclair Skene Spens Stirling Strange Stuart of Bute Sutherland Swinton Trotter Urquhart Wallace Wedderburn Wemyss Wood
Armigerous clans	Abercromby Abernethy Adair Adam Aikenhead Ainslie Aiton Allardice Anderson Armstrong Arnott Auchinleck Baillie Baird Balfour Bannatyne Baxter Bell Belshes Bethune Beveridge Binning Bissett Blackadder Blackstock Blair Blane Blyth Boswell Brisbane Butter Byres Cairns Calder Caldwell Callender Campbell of Breadalbane Campbell of Cawdor Cheyne Chalmers Clelland Clephane Cockburn Congilton Craig Crawford Crosbie Dalmahoy Dalrymple Dalzell Dennistoun Don Douglas Duncan Dunlop Edmonstone Fairlie Falconer Fenton Fleming Fletcher Forrester Fotheringham Fullarton Galbraith Galloway Gardyne Gartshore Gayre Ged Gibsone Gladstains Glas Glen Glendinning Gray Haliburton Halkerston Halket Hepburn Heron Herries Hogg Hopkirk Horsburgh Houston Hutton Inglis Innes Kelly Kinloch Kinnaird Kinnear Kinninmont Kirkcaldy Kirkpatrick Laing Lammie Langlands Learmonth Little Logan Logie Lundin Lyle MacAlpin(e) MacAulay Macbrayne MacDonald of Dunnyveg MacDuff MacEwen MacFarlane Macfie MacGillivray MacInnes MacIver Mackie MacLellan MacPhail Macquarrie Macqueen Macrae Masterton Maule Maxton Maxwell MacCorquodale MacCulloch MacKerrell Meldrum Melville Mercer Middleton Moncur Monteith Monypenny Mouat Moubray Mow Muir Nairn Nevoy Newlands Newton Norvel Ochterlony Orrock Paisley Paterson Pennycook Pentland Peter Pitblado Pitcairn Pollock Polwarth Porterfield Preston Purves Rait Ralston Renton Roberton Rossie Russell Rutherford Schaw Seton Skirving Somerville Spalding Spottiswood Stewart Stewart of Appin Stirling Strachan Straiton Sydserf Symmers Tailyour Tait Tennant Troup Turnbull Tweedie Udny Vans Walkinshaw Wardlaw Watson Wauchope Weir Whitefoord Whitelaw Wishart Young
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