April 11: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 12:00, 10 November 2024

April 11 in recent years
2024 (Thursday)
2023 (Tuesday)
2022 (Monday)
2021 (Sunday)
2020 (Saturday)
2019 (Thursday)
2018 (Wednesday)
2017 (Tuesday)
2016 (Monday)
2015 (Saturday)

April 11 is the 101st day of the year (102nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 264 days remain until the end of the year.

Events

Pre-1600

491 – Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine emperor, with the name of Anastasius I.^[1]
1241 – Batu Khan defeats Béla IV of Hungary at the Battle of Mohi.^[2]
1512 – War of the League of Cambrai: Franco-Ferrarese forces led by Gaston de Foix and Alfonso I d'Este win the Battle of Ravenna against the Papal-Spanish forces.^[3]
1544 – Italian War of 1542–46: A French army defeats Habsburg forces at the Battle of Ceresole, but fails to exploit its victory.^[4]

1601–1900

1689 – William III and Mary II are crowned as joint sovereigns of Great Britain^[5] on the same day that the Scottish Parliament concurs with the English decision of 12 February.^[6]
1713 – France and Great Britain sign the Treaty of Utrecht, bringing an end to the War of the Spanish Succession (Queen Anne's War). Britain accepts Philip V as King of Spain, while Philip renounces any claim to the French throne.^[7]
1727 – Premiere of Johann Sebastian Bach's St Matthew Passion BWV 244b at St. Thomas Church in Leipzig, Electorate of Saxony (now Germany).^[8]
1809 – Battle of the Basque Roads: Admiral Lord Gambier fails to support Captain Lord Cochrane, leading to an incomplete British victory over the French fleet.^[9]
1814 – The Treaty of Fontainebleau ends the War of the Sixth Coalition against Napoleon Bonaparte, and forces him to abdicate unconditionally for the first time.
1856 – Second Battle of Rivas: Juan Santamaría burns down the hostel where William Walker's filibusters are holed up.
1868 – Former shōgun Tokugawa Yoshinobu surrenders Edo Castle to Imperial forces, marking the end of the Tokugawa shogunate.
1876 – The Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks is organized.
1881 – Spelman College is founded in Atlanta, Georgia as the Atlanta Baptist Female Seminary, an institute of higher education for African-American women.

1901–present

1908 – SMS Blücher, the last armored cruiser to be built by the Imperial German Navy, is launched.
1909 – The city of Tel Aviv is founded.^[10]
1921 – Emir Abdullah establishes the first centralised government in the newly created British protectorate of Transjordan.
1935 – Stresa Front: opening of the conference between the British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald, the Italian Prime Minister Benito Mussolini and the French Minister for Foreign Affairs Pierre Laval to condemn the German violations of the Treaty of Versailles.^[11]
1945 – World War II: American forces liberate the Buchenwald concentration camp.^[12]
1951 – Korean War: President Truman relieves Douglas MacArthur of the command of American forces in Korea and Japan.
1951 – The Stone of Scone, the stone upon which Scottish monarchs were traditionally crowned, is found on the site of the altar of Arbroath Abbey. It had been taken by Scottish nationalist students from its place in Westminster Abbey.
1952 – Bolivian National Revolution: Rebels take over Palacio Quemado.^[13]
1952 – Pan Am Flight 526A ditches near San Juan-Isla Grande Airport in San Juan, Puerto Rico, after experiencing an engine failure, killing 52 people.^[14]
1955 – The Air India Kashmir Princess is bombed and crashes in a failed assassination attempt on Zhou Enlai by the Kuomintang.
1957 – United Kingdom agrees to Singaporean self-rule.
1961 – The trial of Adolf Eichmann begins in Jerusalem.
1963 – Pope John XXIII issues Pacem in terris, the first encyclical addressed to all Christians instead of only Catholics, and which described the conditions for world peace in human terms.
1964 – Brazilian Marshal Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco is elected president by the National Congress.
1965 – The Palm Sunday tornado outbreak of 1965: Fifty-five tornadoes hit in six Midwestern states of the United States, killing 266 people.^[15]
1968 – US President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act of 1968, prohibiting discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of housing.
1968 – A failed assassination attempt on Rudi Dutschke, leader of the German student movement, leaves Dutschke suffering from brain damage.^[16]
1970 – Apollo Program: Apollo 13 is launched.
1976 – The Apple I is created.^[17]
1977 – London Transport's Silver Jubilee AEC Routemaster buses are launched.
1979 – Ugandan dictator Idi Amin is deposed.
1981 – A massive riot in Brixton, south London results in almost 300 police injuries and 65 serious civilian injuries.
1986 – FBI Miami Shootout: A gun battle in broad daylight in Dade County, Florida between two bank/armored car robbers and pursuing FBI agents. During the firefight, FBI agents Jerry L. Dove and Benjamin P. Grogan were killed, while five other agents were wounded. As a result, the popular .40 S&W cartridge was developed.
1987 – The London Agreement is secretly signed between Israeli Foreign Affairs Minister Shimon Peres and King Hussein of Jordan.
1990 – Customs officers in Middlesbrough, England, seize what they believe to be the barrel of a massive gun on a ship bound for Iraq.
1993 – Four hundred fifty prisoners rioted at the Southern Ohio Correctional Facility in Lucasville, Ohio, and continued to do so for ten days, citing grievances related to prison conditions, as well as the forced vaccination of Nation of Islam prisoners (for tuberculosis) against their religious beliefs.
2001 – The detained crew of a United States EP-3E aircraft that landed in Hainan, China after a collision with a J-8 fighter, is released.
2002 – The Ghriba synagogue bombing by al-Qaeda kills 21 in Tunisia.
2002 – Over two hundred thousand people march in Caracas towards the presidential palace to demand the resignation of President Hugo Chávez. Nineteen protesters are killed.
2006 – Iranian president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad announces Iran's claim to have successfully enriched uranium.^[18]
2007 – Algiers bombings: Two bombings in Algiers kill 33 people and wound a further 222 others.
2008 – Kata Air Transport Flight 007 crashes while attempting an emergency landing at Chișinău International Airport, killing eight.^[19]
2011 – An explosion in the Minsk Metro, Belarus kills 15 people and injures 204 others.
2012 – A pair of great earthquakes occur in the Wharton Basin west of Sumatra in Indonesia. The maximum Mercalli intensity of this strike-slip doublet earthquake is VII (Very strong). Ten are killed, twelve are injured, and a non-destructive tsunami is observed on the island of Nias.
2018 – An Ilyushin Il-76 which was owned and operated by the Algerian Air Force crashes near Boufarik, Algeria, killing 257.
2021 – Twenty year old Daunte Wright is shot and killed in Brooklyn Center, Minnesota by officer Kimberly Potter, sparking protests in the city, when the officer allegedly mistakes her own gun for her taser.^[20]
2023 – During the Pazigyi massacre, an airstrike conducted by the Myanmar Air Force kills at least 100 villagers in Pazigyi, Sagaing Region.^[21]

Births

Pre-1600

145 – Septimius Severus, Roman emperor (probable;^[22] d. 211)
1184 – William of Winchester, Lord of Lüneburg (d. 1213)
1348 – Andronikos IV Palaiologos, Byzantine Emperor (d. 1385)
1357 – John I of Portugal (d. 1433)^[23]
1370 – Frederick I, Elector of Saxony (d. 1428)^[24]
1374 – Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March, heir to the throne of England (d. 1398)
1493 – George I, Duke of Pomerania (d. 1531)
1591 – Bartholomeus Strobel, Silezian painter (d. 1650)
1592 – John Eliot, English lawyer and politician (d. 1632)

1601–1900

1644 – Marie Jeanne Baptiste of Savoy-Nemours, Duchess of Savoy (d. 1724)
1658 – James Hamilton, 4th Duke of Hamilton, Scottish peer (d. 1712)
1683 – Jean-Joseph Mouret, French composer and conductor (d. 1738)
1715 – John Alcock, English organist and composer (d. 1806)
1721 – David Zeisberger, Czech-American clergyman and missionary (d. 1808)
1722 – Christopher Smart, English actor, playwright, and poet (d. 1771)
1749 – Adélaïde Labille-Guiard, French miniaturist and portrait painter (d. 1803)^[25]
1755 – James Parkinson, English surgeon, geologist, and paleontologist (d. 1824)
1770 – George Canning, Irish-English lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1827)
1794 – Edward Everett, English-American educator and politician, 15th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1865)
1798 – Macedonio Melloni, Italian physicist and academic (d. 1854)
1819 – Charles Hallé, German-English pianist and conductor (d. 1895)
1825 – Ferdinand Lassalle, German philosopher and jurist (d. 1864)
1827 – Jyotirao Phule, Indian scholar, philosopher, and activist (d. 1890)
1830 – John Douglas, English architect (d. 1911)^[26]
1837 – Elmer E. Ellsworth, American army officer and law clerk (d. 1861)^[27]
1854 – Hugh Massie, Australian cricketer (d. 1938)
1856 – Arthur Shrewsbury, English cricketer and rugby player (d. 1903)
1859 – Stefanos Thomopoulos, Greek historian and author (d. 1939)
1862 – William Wallace Campbell, American astronomer and academic (d. 1938)
1862 – Charles Evans Hughes, American lawyer and politician, 44th United States Secretary of State (d. 1948)
1864 – Johanna Elberskirchen, German author and activist (d. 1943)
1866 – Bernard O'Dowd, Australian journalist, author, and poet (d. 1953)
1867 – Mark Keppel, American educator (d. 1928)
1869 – Gustav Vigeland, Norwegian sculptor, designed the Nobel Peace Prize medal (d. 1943)
1871 – Gyula Kellner, Hungarian runner (d. 1940)
1872 – Aleksandër Stavre Drenova, Albanian poet, rilindas and author of national anthem of Albania (d. 1947)^[28]
1873 – Edward Lawson, English soldier, Victoria Cross recipient (d. 1955)
1876 – Paul Henry, Irish painter (d. 1958)
1876 – Ivane Javakhishvili, Georgian historian and academic (d. 1940)
1878 – Percy Lane Oliver, British pioneer of volunteer blood donation (d. 1944) ^[29]
1879 – Bernhard Schmidt, Estonian-German astronomer and optician (d. 1935)
1887 – Jamini Roy, Indian painter (d. 1972)
1893 – Dean Acheson, American lawyer and politician, 51st United States Secretary of State (d. 1971)
1896 – Léo-Paul Desrosiers, Canadian journalist and author (d. 1967)
1899 – Percy Lavon Julian, African-American chemist and academic (d. 1975)
1900 – Sándor Márai, Hungarian journalist and author (d. 1989)

1901–present

1903 – Misuzu Kaneko, Japanese poet (d. 1930)
1904 – K. L. Saigal, Indian singer and actor (d. 1947)
1905 – Attila József, Hungarian poet and educator (d. 1937)
1906 – Dale Messick, American author and illustrator (d. 2005)
1907 – Paul Douglas, American actor (d. 1959)
1908 – Jane Bolin, American lawyer and judge (d. 2007)
1908 – Masaru Ibuka, Japanese businessman, co-founded Sony (d. 1997)^[30]
1908 – Dan Maskell, English tennis player and sportscaster (d. 1992)
1908 – Leo Rosten, Polish-American author and academic (d. 1997)
1910 – António de Spínola, Portuguese general and politician, 14th President of Portugal (d. 1996)
1912 – John Levy, American bassist and businessman (d. 2012)
1913 – Oleg Cassini, French-American fashion designer (d. 2006)
1914 – Norman McLaren, Scottish-Canadian animator, director, and producer (d. 1987)
1914 – Robert Stanfield, Canadian economist, lawyer, and politician, 17th Premier of Nova Scotia (d. 2003)
1914 – Dorothy Lewis Bernstein, American mathematician (d. 1988)^[31]
1916 – Alberto Ginastera, Argentinian pianist and composer (d. 1983)^[32]
1916 – Howard W. Koch, American director and producer (d. 2001)
1917 – David Westheimer, American soldier, journalist, and author (d. 2005)^[33]
1918 – Richard Wainwright, English soldier and politician (d. 2003)
1919 – Raymond Carr, English historian and academic (d. 2015)
1920 – Emilio Colombo, Italian lawyer and politician, 40th Prime Minister of Italy (d. 2013)^[34]
1920 – William Royer, American soldier and politician (d. 2013)
1921 – Jim Hearn, American baseball player (d. 1998)
1921 – Jack Rayner, Australian rugby league player and coach (d. 2008)
1922 – Arved Viirlaid, Estonian-Canadian soldier and author (d. 2015)
1923 – George J. Maloof, Sr., American businessman (d. 1980)
1924 – Mohammad Naseem, Pakistani-English activist and politician (d. 2014)
1925 – Yuriy Lituyev, Russian hurdler and commander (d. 2000)
1925 – Viola Liuzzo, American civil rights activist (d. 1965)
1925 – Viktor Masing, Estonian botanist and ecologist (d. 2001)
1925 – Pierre Péladeau, Canadian businessman, founded Quebecor (d. 1997)
1926 – David Manker Abshire, American commander and diplomat, United States Permanent Representative to NATO (d. 2014)^[35]
1926 – Victor Bouchard, Canadian pianist and composer (d. 2011)
1926 – Karl Rebane, Estonian physicist and academic (d. 2007)
1927 – Lokesh Chandra, Indian historian
1928 – Ethel Kennedy, American philanthropist (d. 2024)^[36]
1928 – Edwin Pope, American journalist and author (d. 2017)
1928 – Tommy Tycho, Hungarian-Australian pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 2013)
1930 – Nicholas F. Brady, American businessman and politician, 68th United States Secretary of the Treasury
1930 – Walter Krüger, German javelin thrower (d. 2018)
1930 – Anton LaVey, American occultist, founded the Church of Satan (d. 1997)^[37]
1931 – Lewis Jones, Welsh rugby player and coach (d. 2024)
1932 – Joel Grey, American actor, singer, and dancer
1933 – Tony Brown, American journalist and academic
1934 – Mark Strand, Canadian-born American poet, essayist, and translator (d. 2014)
1934 – Ron Pember, English actor, director and playwright (d. 2022)
1935 – Richard Berry, American singer-songwriter (d. 1997)
1936 – Brian Noble, English bishop (d. 2019)
1937 – Jill Gascoine, English actress and author (d. 2020)
1938 – Gerry Baker, American soccer player and manager (d. 2013)
1938 – Michael Deaver, American politician, Deputy White House Chief of Staff (d. 2007)
1938 – Reatha King, American chemist and businesswoman^[38]
1939 – Luther Johnson, American singer and guitarist (d. 2022)
1939 – Louise Lasser, American actress
1940 – Col Firmin, Australian politician (d. 2013)
1940 – Władysław Komar, Polish shot putter and actor (d. 1998)
1941 – Ellen Goodman, American journalist and author
1941 – Shirley Stelfox, English actress (d. 2015)^[39]
1942 – Anatoly Berezovoy, Russian colonel, pilot, and astronaut (d. 2014)
1942 – Hattie Gossett, American writer^[40]
1942 – James Underwood, English pathologist and academic
1943 – John Montagu, 11th Earl of Sandwich, English businessman and politician
1943 – Harley Race, American wrestler and trainer (d. 2019)
1944 – Peter Barfuß, German footballer
1944 – John Milius, American director, producer, and screenwriter
1945 – John Krebs, Baron Krebs, English zoologist and academic
1946 – Chris Burden, American sculptor, illustrator, and academic (d. 2015)
1946 – Bob Harris, English journalist and radio host
1947 – Lev Bulat, Ukrainian-Russian physicist and academic (d. 2016)
1947 – Uli Edel, German director and screenwriter
1947 – Frank Mantooth, American pianist and composer (d. 2004)
1947 – Peter Riegert, American actor, screenwriter and film director
1947 – Michael T. Wright, English engineer and academic (d. 2015)
1949 – Dorothy Allison, American writer (d. 2024)^[41]
1949 – Bernd Eichinger, German director and producer (d. 2011)
1950 – Bill Irwin, American actor and clown
1951 – Paul Fox, English singer and guitarist (d. 2007)
1952 – Nancy Honeytree, American singer and guitarist
1952 – Indira Samarasekera, Sri Lankan engineer and academic
1952 – Peter Windsor, English-Australian journalist and sportscaster
1953 – Guy Verhofstadt, Belgian politician, 47th Prime Minister of Belgium
1953 – Andrew Wiles, English mathematician and academic
1954 – Abdullah Atalar, Turkish engineer and academic
1954 – Aleksandr Averin, Azerbaijani cyclist and coach
1954 – Francis Lickerish, English guitarist and composer
1954 – David Perrett, Scottish psychologist and academic
1954 – Ian Redmond, English biologist and conservationist
1954 – Willie Royster, American baseball player (d. 2015)
1955 – Kevin Brady, American lawyer and politician
1955 – Michael Callen, American singer-songwriter and AIDS activist (d. 1993)
1955 – Micheal Ray Richardson, American basketball player and coach
1958 – Stuart Adamson, Scottish singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2001)
1958 – Lyudmila Kondratyeva, Russian sprinter
1958 – Wayne Wigham, Australian rugby league player^[42]
1959 – Pierre Lacroix, Canadian ice hockey player
1959 – Ana María Polo, Cuban-American lawyer and judge
1959 – Zahid Maleque, Bangladeshi politician
1960 – Jeremy Clarkson, English journalist and television presenter
1961 – Vincent Gallo, American actor, director, producer, and musician
1961 – Doug Hopkins, American guitarist and songwriter (d. 1993)
1961 – Nobuaki Kakuda, Japanese martial artist
1962 – Franck Ducheix, French fencer
1962 – Mark Lawson, English journalist and author
1963 – Billy Bowden, New Zealand cricketer and umpire
1963 – Waldemar Fornalik, Polish footballer and manager
1963 – Elizabeth Smylie, Australian tennis player
1963 – Eleni Tsaligopoulou, Greek singer ^[43]
1964 – Steve Azar, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1964 – John Cryer, English journalist and politician
1964 – Johann Sebastian Paetsch, American cellist
1964 – Bret Saberhagen, American baseball player and coach
1964 – Patrick Sang, Kenyan runner
1966 – Steve Scarsone, American baseball player and manager
1966 – Shin Seung-hun, South Korean singer-songwriter
1966 – Lisa Stansfield, English singer-songwriter and actress
1968 – Sergei Lukyanenko, Kazakh-Russian journalist and author
1969 – Cerys Matthews, Welsh singer-songwriter^[44]
1969 – Dustin Rhodes, American wrestler^[45]
1969 – Michael von Grünigen, Swiss skier
1970 – Trevor Linden, Canadian ice hockey player and manager
1970 – Whigfield, Danish singer and songwriter^[46]
1971 – Oliver Riedel, German bass player^[47]
1972 – Balls Mahoney, American wrestler (d. 2016)^[48]
1972 – Allan Théo, French singer
1972 – Jason Varitek, American baseball player and manager
1972 – Jennifer Esposito, American actress and writer^[49]
1973 – Olivier Magne, French rugby player
1974 – Àlex Corretja, Spanish tennis player and coach
1974 – Ashot Danielyan, Armenian weightlifter
1974 – David Jassy, Swedish singer-songwriter and producer
1974 – Tom Thacker, Canadian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
1974 – Trot Nixon, American baseball player and sportscaster
1976 – Marta Breen, Norwegian journalist, non-fiction writer, and organizational leader^[50]
1976 – Kelvim Escobar, Venezuelan baseball player
1976 – Kotomitsuki Keiji, Japanese sumo wrestler^[51]
1977 – Ivonne Teichmann, German runner
1978 – Josh Hancock, American baseball player (d. 2007)
1979 – Malcolm Christie, English footballer
1979 – Sebastien Grainger, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist
1979 – Michel Riesen, Swiss ice hockey player
1979 – Josh Server, American actor
1980 – Keiji Tamada, Japanese footballer
1980 – Mark Teixeira, American baseball player
1981 – Alessandra Ambrosio, Brazilian model
1981 – Alexandre Burrows, Canadian ice hockey player
1981 – Luis Flores, Dominican basketball player^[52]
1981 – Veronica Pyke, Australian cricketer
1982 – Ian Bell, English cricketer
1982 – Peeter Kümmel, Estonian skier
1983 – Jennifer Heil, Canadian skier
1983 – Rubén Palazuelos, Spanish footballer
1983 – Nicky Pastorelli, Dutch race car driver
1984 – Kelli Garner, American actress
1984 – Nikola Karabatić, French handball player
1985 – Pablo Hernández Domínguez, Spanish footballer
1985 – Will Minson, Australian footballer
1986 – Sarodj Bertin, Haitian model and human rights lawyer^[53]
1986 – Lena Schöneborn, German pentathlete
1987 – Joss Stone, English singer-songwriter and actress
1987 – Lights, Canadian singer-songwriter
1988 – Leland Irving, Canadian ice hockey player
1989 – Torrin Lawrence, American sprinter (d. 2014)
1990 – Dimitrios Anastasopoulos, Greek footballer
1990 – Thulani Serero, South African footballer
1991 – Thiago Alcântara, Spanish footballer
1991 – Brennan Poole, American racing driver^[54]
1994 – Brandon Montour, Canadian ice hockey player^[55]
1996 – Dele Alli, English international footballer^[56]
2000 – Calen Addison, Canadian ice hockey player^[57]
2000 – Milly Alcock, Australian actress^[58]
2000 – Karina, South Korean singer^[59]
2001 – Manuel Ugarte, Uruguayan footballer^[60]
2002 – Jake Fraser-McGurk, Australian cricketer^[61]

Deaths

Pre-1600

618 – Yang Guang, Chinese emperor of the Sui Dynasty (b. 569)
678 – Donus, pope of the Catholic Church (b. 610)
924 – Herman I, chancellor and archbishop of Cologne
1034 – Romanos III Argyros, Byzantine emperor (b. 968)
1077 – Anawrahta, king of Burma and founder of the Pagan Empire (b. 1014)
1079 – Stanislaus of Szczepanów, bishop of Kraków (b. 1030)
1165 – Stephen IV, king of Hungary and Croatia^[62]
1240 – Llywelyn the Great, Welsh prince (b. 1172)^[63]
1349 – Ramadan ibn Alauddin, first known Muslim from Korea^[64]
1447 – Henry Beaufort, Cardinal, Lord Chancellor of England (b. 1377)
1512 – Gaston de Foix, French military commander (b. 1489)
1554 – Thomas Wyatt the Younger, English rebel leader (b. 1521)^[65]
1587 – Thomas Bromley, English lord chancellor (b. 1530)

1601–1900

1609 – John Lumley, 1st Baron Lumley, English noble (b. 1533)
1612 – Emanuel van Meteren, Flemish historian and author (b. 1535)
1612 – Edward Wightman, English minister and martyr (b. 1566)
1626 – Marino Ghetaldi, Ragusan mathematician and physicist (b. 1568)
1712 – Richard Simon, French priest and critic (b. 1638)
1723 – John Robinson, English bishop and diplomat (b. 1650)
1783 – Nikita Ivanovich Panin, Polish-Russian politician, Russian Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1718)
1798 – Karl Wilhelm Ramler, German poet and academic (b. 1725)
1856 – Juan Santamaría, Costa Rican soldier (b. 1831)
1861 – Francisco González Bocanegra, Mexican poet and composer (b. 1824)
1873 – Edward Canby, American general (b. 1817)
1890 – David de Jahacob Lopez Cardozo, Dutch Talmudist (b. 1808)
1890 – Joseph Merrick, English man with severe deformities (b. 1862)^[66]
1894 – Constantin Lipsius, German architect and theorist (b. 1832)
1895 – Julius Lothar Meyer, German chemist (b. 1830)

1901–present

1902 – Wade Hampton III, Confederate general and politician, 77th Governor of South Carolina (b. 1818)^[67]
1903 – Gemma Galgani, Italian mystic and saint (b. 1878)
1906 – James Anthony Bailey, American businessman, co-founded Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus (b. 1847)
1906 – Francis Pharcellus Church, American journalist and publisher, co-founded Armed Forces Journal and The Galaxy Magazine (b. 1839)
1908 – Henry Bird, English chess player and author (b. 1829)
1916 – Richard Harding Davis, American journalist and author (b. 1864)
1918 – Otto Wagner, Austrian architect and urban planner (b. 1841)
1926 – Luther Burbank, American botanist and academic (b. 1849)
1939 – Kurtdereli Mehmet, Turkish wrestler (b. 1864)
1953 – Kid Nichols, American baseball player and manager (b. 1869)
1954 – Paul Specht, American violinist and bandleader (b. 1895)
1958 – Konstantin Yuon, Russian painter and educator (b. 1875)
1960 – Rosa Grünberg, Swedish actress (b. 1878)
1962 – Ukichiro Nakaya, Japanese physicist and academic (b. 1900)
1962 – George Poage, American hurdler and educator (b. 1880)
1962 – Axel Revold, Norwegian painter (b. 1887)^[68]
1967 – Thomas Farrell, American general (b. 1891)
1967 – Donald Sangster, Jamaican lawyer and politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Jamaica (b. 1911)
1970 – Cathy O'Donnell, American actress (b. 1923)
1970 – John O'Hara, American novelist and short story writer (b. 1905)
1974 – Ernst Ziegler, German actor (b. 1894)
1977 – Jacques Prévert, French poet and screenwriter (b. 1900)
1977 – Phanishwar Nath 'Renu', Indian author and activist (b. 1921)
1980 – Ümit Kaftancıoğlu, Turkish journalist and producer (b. 1935)
1981 – Caroline Gordon, American author and critic (b. 1895)
1983 – Dolores del Río, Mexican actress (b. 1904)^[69]
1984 – Edgar V. Saks, Estonian historian and politician, Estonian Minister of Education (b. 1910)
1985 – Bunny Ahearne, Irish-born English businessman (b. 1900)
1985 – John Gilroy, English artist and illustrator (b. 1898)
1985 – Enver Hoxha, Albanian educator and politician, 21st Prime Minister of Albania (b. 1908)
1987 – Erskine Caldwell, American novelist and short story writer (b. 1903)
1987 – Primo Levi, Italian chemist and author (b. 1919)
1990 – Harold Ballard, Canadian businessman (b. 1903)
1991 – Walker Cooper, American baseball player and manager (b. 1915)
1991 – Bruno Hoffmann. German glass harp player (b. 1913)
1992 – James Brown, American actor and singer (b. 1920)
1992 – Eve Merriam, American author and poet (b. 1916)
1992 – Alejandro Obregón, Colombian painter, sculptor, and engraver (b. 1920)
1996 – Jessica Dubroff, American pilot (b. 1988)
1997 – Muriel McQueen Fergusson, Canadian lawyer and politician, Canadian Speaker of the Senate (b. 1899)
1997 – Wang Xiaobo, contemporary Chinese novelist and essayist (b. 1952)
1999 – William H. Armstrong, American author and educator (b. 1911)
2000 – Diana Darvey, English actress, singer and dancer (b. 1945)
2001 – Harry Secombe, Welsh-English actor (b. 1921)
2003 – Cecil Howard Green, English-American geophysicist and businessman, founded Texas Instruments (b. 1900)
2005 – André François, Romanian-French cartoonist, painter, and sculptor (b. 1915)
2005 – Lucien Laurent, French footballer and coach (b. 1907)
2006 – June Pointer, American singer (b. 1953)
2006 – DeShaun Holton, American rapper and actor (b. 1973)
2007 – Roscoe Lee Browne, American actor and director (b. 1922)
2007 – Loïc Leferme, French diver (b. 1970)
2007 – Janet McDonald, American lawyer and author (b. 1954)
2007 – Ronald Speirs, Scottish-American colonel (b. 1920)
2007 – Kurt Vonnegut, American novelist, short story writer, and playwright (b. 1922)^[70]
2008 – Merlin German, American sergeant (b. 1985)
2009 – Gerda Gilboe, Danish actress and singer (b. 1914)
2009 – Vishnu Prabhakar, Indian author and playwright (b. 1912)
2009 – Corín Tellado, Spanish author (b. 1927)
2010 – Julia Tsenova, Bulgarian pianist and composer (b. 1948)
2011 – Larry Sweeney, American wrestler and manager (b. 1981)
2012 – Ahmed Ben Bella, Algerian soldier and politician, 1st President of Algeria (b. 1916)
2012 – Roger Caron, Canadian criminal and author (b. 1938)
2012 – Tippy Dye, American basketball player and coach (b. 1915)
2012 – Hal McKusick, American saxophonist, clarinet player, and flute player (b. 1924)
2012 – Agustin Roman, American bishop (b. 1928)
2013 – Don Blackman, American singer-songwriter, pianist, and producer (b. 1953)
2013 – Sue Draheim, American fiddler (b.1949)^[71]
2013 – Grady Hatton, American baseball player, coach, and manager (b. 1922)
2013 – Thomas Hemsley, English actor and singer (b. 1927)
2013 – Hilary Koprowski, Polish-American virologist and immunologist (b. 1916)
2013 – Gilles Marchal, French singer-songwriter (b. 1944)
2013 – Maria Tallchief, American ballerina (b. 1925)
2013 – Clorindo Testa, Italian-Argentinian architect (b. 1923)
2013 – Jonathan Winters, American comedian, actor and screenwriter (b. 1925)
2014 – Rolf Brem, Swiss sculptor and illustrator (b. 1926)
2014 – Edna Doré, English actress (b. 1921)
2014 – Bill Henry, American baseball player (b. 1927)
2014 – Lou Hudson, American basketball player and sportscaster (b. 1944)
2014 – Myer S. Kripke, American rabbi and scholar (b. 1914)
2014 – Sergey Nepobedimy, Russian engineer (b. 1921)
2014 – Jesse Winchester, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (b. 1944)
2015 – Jimmy Gunn, American football player (b. 1948)
2015 – Muhammad Kamaruzzaman, Bangladeshi journalist and politician (b. 1952)
2015 – François Maspero, French journalist and author (b. 1932)
2015 – Hanut Singh, Indian general (b. 1933)
2015 – Tekena Tamuno, Nigerian historian and academic (b. 1932)
2017 – J. Geils, American singer and guitarist (b. 1946)
2017 – Mark Wainberg, Canadian researcher and HIV/AIDS activist (b. 1945)
2020 – John Horton Conway, English mathematician (b. 1937)^[72]
2024 – Park Bo-ram, South Korean singer (b. 1994)^[73]

Holidays and observances

Christian feast day:
Juan Santamaría Day, anniversary of his death in the Second Battle of Rivas. (Costa Rica)
International Louie Louie Day
World Parkinson's Day

References

^ Von einer Gesellschaft deutscher Gelehrten bearbeitet: Bd. 1-4. Brüggemann. 1832. p. 487; Kosiński, Rafał (2016). Holiness and Power: Constantinopolitan Holy Men and Authority in the 5th Century. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. p. 162. ISBN 9783110417074.
^ Bachrach, David S. (2014). The Histories of a Medieval German City, Worms c. 1000-c. 1300. Farnham, Surrey, UK: Ashgate. p. 88. ISBN 9781472436412.
^ Tucker, Spencer C. (2010). "Overview of 1500-1600: A Chronology". In Tucker, Spencer C. (ed.). A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East. Volume 2: 1500-1774. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. p. 481. ISBN 9781851096671.
^ Tucker, Spencer C. (2010). "Overview of 1500-1600: A Chronology". In Tucker, Spencer C. (ed.). A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East. Volume 2: 1500-1774. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. pp. 510–511. ISBN 9781851096671.
^ Bell, James B. (2017). Anglicans, Dissenters and Radical Change in Early New England 1686-1786. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 33. ISBN 9783319556291.
^ Panton, Kenneth J. (2011). Historical Dictionary of the British Monarchy. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press. p. xxxiii. ISBN 9780810857797.
^ Ghervas, Stella (2020). "In the Shadow of Utrecht: Perpetual Peace and International Order, 1713-1815". In Soons, Alfred H.A. (ed.). The 1713 Peace of Utrecht and Its Enduring Effects. Boston: Brill. pp. 204–205. ISBN 9789004266407.
^ Jones, Richard Douglas (2013). The Creative Development of Johann Sebastian Bach: Music to Delight the Spirit. Volume 2: 1717-1750. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. p. 181. ISBN 9780198164401.
^ Cordingly, David (2007). Cochrane the Dauntless. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 205. ISBN 9780747580881; Clowes, William Laird (1900). The Royal Navy, A History from the Earliest Times to the Present. Volume V. London: S. Low, Marston and Co. pp. 268–269. OCLC 1296915; Stewart, William (2009). Admirals of the World: A Biographical Dictionary: 1500 to the Present. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Co. p. 139. ISBN 9780786438099.
^ Schlor, Joachim; Schlör, Joachim (1999). Tel Aviv: From Dream to City. Reaktion Books. p. 43. ISBN 978-1-86189-033-7.
^ Paratico, Angelo (13 April 2015). "11-14 April 1935. The Stresa Front to stop Adolf Hitler". beyondthirtynine.com. Archived from the original on 13 April 2015.
^ "Buchenwald | Definition, Location, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
^ Sagra, Alicia (13 November 2019). "The 1952 Bolivian Revolution". IWL-FI. Archived from the original on 27 November 2020. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
^ "ASN Aircraft accident Douglas DC-4 N88899 San Juan-Isla Grande Airport (SIG)". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 2012-10-13.
^ Blake Naftel; Jon Chamberlain; Becky Monroe; Ed Lacey Jr.; Dick Loney (2015). "April 11th 1965 Palm Sunday Tornado Outbreak". Northern Indiana Weather Forecast Office. Syracuse, Indiana: National Weather Service. Archived from the original on 4 April 2015. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
^ Karcher, Katharina (2021-11-01). "The pleasure and pain of passing as (dis)abled: Rudi Dutschke's exile in the UK (1968-1971) and the Ableism of the West German Student Movement". New German Critique. 48 (3): 199–218. doi:10.1215/0094033X-9305540. ISSN 1558-1462. S2CID 244302173.
^ "And that's the way it was: April 11, 1976". Columbia Journalism Review. April 11, 2013. Retrieved April 1, 2019.
^ MacAskill, Robert Tait Ewen (April 11, 2006). "Iran declares: we are in the nuclear club". The Guardian – via www.theguardian.com.
^ "Sudanese plane crashes in Moldova, eight dead". Earth Times. 12 April 2008. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014.
^ Ray Sanchez and Mallika Kallingal (17 December 2021). "Ex-police officer Kim Potter weeps, says she's 'sorry' as she recalls fatally shooting Daunte Wright". CNN. Retrieved 2021-12-18.
^ "Airstrikes on Myanmar village feared to have killed 100". AP NEWS. 11 April 2023.
^ Maurice Platnauer (1918). The Life and Reign of the Emperor Lucius Septimius Severus. H. Milford, Oxford University Press. p. 24.
^ Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. (1 May 2008). Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. p. 990. ISBN 978-1-59339-492-9.
^ Encyclopaedia Britannica: A New Survey of Universal Knowledge. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 1962. p. 721.
^ Auricchio, Laura (2003). "Adélaïde Labille". Société Internationale pour l'Etude des Femmes de l'Ancien Régime. Retrieved 2019-04-11.
^ Howell, Peter (2004). "Douglas, John (1830–1911)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/52372. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
^ Ingraham, Charles A. (June 1918). "Colonel Elmer E. Ellsworth: First Hero of the Civil War". The Wisconsin Magazine of History. Vol. 1, no. 4. p. 351. JSTOR 4630106.
^ Robert Elsie (2010). Historical Dictionary of Albania: Second Edition. The Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 25. ISBN 9780810873803.
^ Oliver, Percy Lane (2004) 'Oliver, Percy Lane (1878–1944)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Retrieved on 5 May 2024.
^ "Obituary: Masaru Ibuka". The Independent. 22 December 1997. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
^ Morkel, Ann (1987). "Dorothy Lewis Bernstein". In Grinstein, Louise S.; Campbell, Paul J. (eds.). Women of Mathematics: a Biobibliographic Sourcebook. New York: Greenwood Press. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-3132-4849-8.
^ "Alberto Ginastera | Argentine composer | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 27 April 2022.
^ Harris M. Lentz (2006). Obituaries in the performing arts, 2005: film, television, radio, theatre, dance, music, cartoons and pop culture. McFarland & Company. p. 389. ISBN 978-0-7864-2489-4.
^ Nouvelles universitaires européennes. Bureau d'information des Communautés européennes. 1997. p. 14.
^ Martin, Douglas (November 3, 2014). "David M. Abshire, Who Helped Reagan Through Iran-Contra Scandal, Dies at 88". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 8, 2014. Retrieved July 9, 2023. David Manker Abshire was born in Chattanooga, Tenn., on April 11, 1926
^ Martin, Douglas (October 10, 2024). "Ethel Kennedy, Passionate Supporter of the Family Legacy, Dies at 96". The New York Times. Retrieved October 11, 2024.
^ "Anton LaVey | Biography, Books, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
^ Brown, Jeannette E. (2012). African American Women Chemists. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 115. ISBN 978-0-19974-288-2.
^ Hayward, Anthony (9 December 2015). "Shirley Stelfox obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
^ Gossett, Hattie (1988). Presenting-- Sister Noblues. Firebrand Books. pp. 9. ISBN 0932379508.
^ Green, Penelope (November 8, 2024). "Dorothy Allison, Author of 'Bastard Out of Carolina,' Dies at 75". The New York Times. Retrieved November 9, 2024.
^ Rugby League Project
^ Βαμβακούλα, Χαρά (16 February 2022). "Ελένη Τσαλιγοπούλου: Γιατί να συνεργαστώ με τον Αργυρό;". Athens Voice (in Greek). Retrieved 27 June 2022.
^ Europa Europa Publications (2008). International Who's Who in Popular Music 2008. Routledge. p. 205. ISBN 978-1-85743-454-5.
^ "Goldust". ESPN. 11 August 2016. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
^ "Billboard: Italian Acts". Billboard. 1995-07-01. Retrieved 2020-08-19.
^ Graham Betts (2004). Collins Complete UK Hit Singles 1952-2004. Collins. p. 534. ISBN 978-0-00-717931-2.
^ Williams, Kenny (April 12, 2016). "ECW Original Balls Mahoney Passes Away At Age 44". Wrestling News Source. Retrieved April 13, 2016.
^ Drum: A Magazine of Africa for Africa. African Drum Publications. 2001. p. 57.
^ Brenden, Randi (5 January 2024). "Marta Breen". In Bolstad, Erik (ed.). Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Norsk nettleksikon. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
^ "Hefty fan club". Daily Pilot. 15 April 2008. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
^ "Luis Flores Stats". Basketball-Reference.com.
^ "Miss Haiti, Sarodj Bertin is now Reina Hispano Americana 2012 | WENSHOW". 2014-10-26. Archived from the original on 2014-10-26. Retrieved 2018-05-03.
^ "Brennan Poole". Retrieved 21 April 2020.
^ "Brandon Montour". National Hockey League. Retrieved 11 April 2024.
^ "Dele Alli". soccerbase.com. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
^ "Calen Addison". National Hockey League. Retrieved 11 April 2024.
^ "Milly Alcock" (PDF). Shanahan.com.au. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 31 August 2022.
^ "카리나, 누가 찍어줬을까…화려한 비주얼→푸짐한 생일상 눈길". 텐아시아 (in Korean). 11 April 2024. Retrieved 25 October 2024.
^ "FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022™: List of Players: Uruguay" (PDF). FIFA. 18 December 2022. p. 30. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 December 2022. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
^ "Jake Fraser-McGurk". ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 12 November 2019.
^ Július Bartl; Dusan Skvarna (2002). Slovak History: Chronology & Lexicon. Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers. p. 29. ISBN 978-0-86516-444-4.
^ Roger Turvey (2007). Llywelyn the Great: Prince of Gwynedd. Gwasg Gomer. p. 134. ISBN 978-1-84323-747-1.
^ 박현규 (Park Hyun-kyu) (2004). "Choegeun balgul-doen Jungguk sojang Haedong gwallyeon geumseongmun: Goryeo-in Isseullam-gyodo Ramadan myobi" 최근 발굴된 중국 소장 海東 관련 금석문: 고려인 이슬람교도 剌馬丹 묘비 [A recently discovered Korea-related inscription in China: The epitaph of Ramadan, a Korean Muslim]. 중국학논총. 17: 309–324. Retrieved June 8, 2020.
^ George Wilson Page (1992). The descendants of Robart Page of the king's house: the probable English origins, ancestors, and relatives of George Page of Branford, Connecticut, and Thomas Page of Saco in the Province of Maine. G.W. Page. p. 112.
^ "Death Of 'The Elephant Man'", The Times, p. 6, 16 April 1890
^ "Wade Hampton | Family & Term of Office | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
^ Bolstad, Erik, ed. (23 August 2023). "Axel Revold". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Norsk nettleksikon. Retrieved 18 March 2024.
^ Susan Ware (2004). Notable American Women: A Biographical Dictionary Completing the Twentieth Century. Harvard University Press. p. 163. ISBN 978-0-674-01488-6.
^ "Kurt Vonnegut | Biography, Facts, & Books". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
^ Hunt, Ken 2013 Sue Draheim: Widely admired folk violinist independent.co.uk.
^ Roberts, Siobhan (April 17, 2020). "John Horton Conway, a 'Magical Genius' in Math, Dies at 82". The New York Times.
^ Benjamin, Jeff (2024-04-12). "K-Pop Singer-Songwriter Park Boram Found Dead at 30". Billboard. Retrieved 2024-04-13.
^ "Saint Barsanuphius of Gaza", Catholic Daily Readings.
^ Roman Martyrology, via Boston Catholic Journal, accessed April 11, 2021.

External links

[1] Von einer Gesellschaft deutscher Gelehrten bearbeitet: Bd. 1-4. Brüggemann. 1832. p. 487; Kosiński, Rafał (2016). Holiness and Power: Constantinopolitan Holy Men and Authority in the 5th Century. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. p. 162. ISBN 9783110417074.

[2] Bachrach, David S. (2014). The Histories of a Medieval German City, Worms c. 1000-c. 1300. Farnham, Surrey, UK: Ashgate. p. 88. ISBN 9781472436412.

[3] Tucker, Spencer C. (2010). "Overview of 1500-1600: A Chronology". In Tucker, Spencer C. (ed.). A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East. Volume 2: 1500-1774. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. p. 481. ISBN 9781851096671.

[4] Tucker, Spencer C. (2010). "Overview of 1500-1600: A Chronology". In Tucker, Spencer C. (ed.). A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East. Volume 2: 1500-1774. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. pp. 510–511. ISBN 9781851096671.

[5] Bell, James B. (2017). Anglicans, Dissenters and Radical Change in Early New England 1686-1786. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 33. ISBN 9783319556291.

[6] Panton, Kenneth J. (2011). Historical Dictionary of the British Monarchy. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press. p. xxxiii. ISBN 9780810857797.

[7] Ghervas, Stella (2020). "In the Shadow of Utrecht: Perpetual Peace and International Order, 1713-1815". In Soons, Alfred H.A. (ed.). The 1713 Peace of Utrecht and Its Enduring Effects. Boston: Brill. pp. 204–205. ISBN 9789004266407.

[8] Jones, Richard Douglas (2013). The Creative Development of Johann Sebastian Bach: Music to Delight the Spirit. Volume 2: 1717-1750. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. p. 181. ISBN 9780198164401.

[9] Cordingly, David (2007). Cochrane the Dauntless. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 205. ISBN 9780747580881; Clowes, William Laird (1900). The Royal Navy, A History from the Earliest Times to the Present. Volume V. London: S. Low, Marston and Co. pp. 268–269. OCLC 1296915; Stewart, William (2009). Admirals of the World: A Biographical Dictionary: 1500 to the Present. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Co. p. 139. ISBN 9780786438099.

[10] Schlor, Joachim; Schlör, Joachim (1999). Tel Aviv: From Dream to City. Reaktion Books. p. 43. ISBN 978-1-86189-033-7.

[11] Paratico, Angelo (13 April 2015). "11-14 April 1935. The Stresa Front to stop Adolf Hitler". beyondthirtynine.com. Archived from the original on 13 April 2015.

[12] "Buchenwald | Definition, Location, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 19 November 2020.

[:4-13] Sagra, Alicia (13 November 2019). "The 1952 Bolivian Revolution". IWL-FI. Archived from the original on 27 November 2020. Retrieved 26 February 2022.

[ASN2-14] "ASN Aircraft accident Douglas DC-4 N88899 San Juan-Isla Grande Airport (SIG)". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 2012-10-13.

[NWSNrnIndiana-15] Blake Naftel; Jon Chamberlain; Becky Monroe; Ed Lacey Jr.; Dick Loney (2015). "April 11th 1965 Palm Sunday Tornado Outbreak". Northern Indiana Weather Forecast Office. Syracuse, Indiana: National Weather Service. Archived from the original on 4 April 2015. Retrieved 14 December 2020.

[16] Karcher, Katharina (2021-11-01). "The pleasure and pain of passing as (dis)abled: Rudi Dutschke's exile in the UK (1968-1971) and the Ableism of the West German Student Movement". New German Critique. 48 (3): 199–218. doi:10.1215/0094033X-9305540. ISSN 1558-1462. S2CID 244302173.

[17] "And that's the way it was: April 11, 1976". Columbia Journalism Review. April 11, 2013. Retrieved April 1, 2019.

[18] MacAskill, Robert Tait Ewen (April 11, 2006). "Iran declares: we are in the nuclear club". The Guardian – via www.theguardian.com.

[19] "Sudanese plane crashes in Moldova, eight dead". Earth Times. 12 April 2008. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014.

[20] Ray Sanchez and Mallika Kallingal (17 December 2021). "Ex-police officer Kim Potter weeps, says she's 'sorry' as she recalls fatally shooting Daunte Wright". CNN. Retrieved 2021-12-18.

[21] "Airstrikes on Myanmar village feared to have killed 100". AP NEWS. 11 April 2023.

[22] Maurice Platnauer (1918). The Life and Reign of the Emperor Lucius Septimius Severus. H. Milford, Oxford University Press. p. 24.

[23] Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. (1 May 2008). Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. p. 990. ISBN 978-1-59339-492-9.

[24] Encyclopaedia Britannica: A New Survey of Universal Knowledge. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 1962. p. 721.

[25] Auricchio, Laura (2003). "Adélaïde Labille". Société Internationale pour l'Etude des Femmes de l'Ancien Régime. Retrieved 2019-04-11.

[26] Howell, Peter (2004). "Douglas, John (1830–1911)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/52372. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

[27] Ingraham, Charles A. (June 1918). "Colonel Elmer E. Ellsworth: First Hero of the Civil War". The Wisconsin Magazine of History. Vol. 1, no. 4. p. 351. JSTOR 4630106.

[28] Robert Elsie (2010). Historical Dictionary of Albania: Second Edition. The Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 25. ISBN 9780810873803.

[29] Oliver, Percy Lane (2004) 'Oliver, Percy Lane (1878–1944)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Retrieved on 5 May 2024.

[30] "Obituary: Masaru Ibuka". The Independent. 22 December 1997. Retrieved 22 July 2020.

[31] Morkel, Ann (1987). "Dorothy Lewis Bernstein". In Grinstein, Louise S.; Campbell, Paul J. (eds.). Women of Mathematics: a Biobibliographic Sourcebook. New York: Greenwood Press. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-3132-4849-8.

[32] "Alberto Ginastera | Argentine composer | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 27 April 2022.

[33] Harris M. Lentz (2006). Obituaries in the performing arts, 2005: film, television, radio, theatre, dance, music, cartoons and pop culture. McFarland & Company. p. 389. ISBN 978-0-7864-2489-4.

[34] Nouvelles universitaires européennes. Bureau d'information des Communautés européennes. 1997. p. 14.

[35] Martin, Douglas (November 3, 2014). "David M. Abshire, Who Helped Reagan Through Iran-Contra Scandal, Dies at 88". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 8, 2014. Retrieved July 9, 2023. David Manker Abshire was born in Chattanooga, Tenn., on April 11, 1926

[36] Martin, Douglas (October 10, 2024). "Ethel Kennedy, Passionate Supporter of the Family Legacy, Dies at 96". The New York Times. Retrieved October 11, 2024.

[37] "Anton LaVey | Biography, Books, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 16 January 2021.

[38] Brown, Jeannette E. (2012). African American Women Chemists. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 115. ISBN 978-0-19974-288-2.

[39] Hayward, Anthony (9 December 2015). "Shirley Stelfox obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 9 August 2023.

[40] Gossett, Hattie (1988). Presenting-- Sister Noblues. Firebrand Books. pp. 9. ISBN 0932379508.

[41] Green, Penelope (November 8, 2024). "Dorothy Allison, Author of 'Bastard Out of Carolina,' Dies at 75". The New York Times. Retrieved November 9, 2024.

[42] Rugby League Project

[43] Βαμβακούλα, Χαρά (16 February 2022). "Ελένη Τσαλιγοπούλου: Γιατί να συνεργαστώ με τον Αργυρό;". Athens Voice (in Greek). Retrieved 27 June 2022.

[44] Europa Europa Publications (2008). International Who's Who in Popular Music 2008. Routledge. p. 205. ISBN 978-1-85743-454-5.

[45] "Goldust". ESPN. 11 August 2016. Retrieved 31 March 2023.

[46] "Billboard: Italian Acts". Billboard. 1995-07-01. Retrieved 2020-08-19.

[47] Graham Betts (2004). Collins Complete UK Hit Singles 1952-2004. Collins. p. 534. ISBN 978-0-00-717931-2.

[48] Williams, Kenny (April 12, 2016). "ECW Original Balls Mahoney Passes Away At Age 44". Wrestling News Source. Retrieved April 13, 2016.

[49] Drum: A Magazine of Africa for Africa. African Drum Publications. 2001. p. 57.

[50] Brenden, Randi (5 January 2024). "Marta Breen". In Bolstad, Erik (ed.). Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Norsk nettleksikon. Retrieved 17 March 2024.

[51] "Hefty fan club". Daily Pilot. 15 April 2008. Retrieved 12 October 2020.

[52] "Luis Flores Stats". Basketball-Reference.com.

[53] "Miss Haiti, Sarodj Bertin is now Reina Hispano Americana 2012 | WENSHOW". 2014-10-26. Archived from the original on 2014-10-26. Retrieved 2018-05-03.

[54] "Brennan Poole". Retrieved 21 April 2020.

[55] "Brandon Montour". National Hockey League. Retrieved 11 April 2024.

[56] "Dele Alli". soccerbase.com. Retrieved 31 March 2020.

[57] "Calen Addison". National Hockey League. Retrieved 11 April 2024.

[58] "Milly Alcock" (PDF). Shanahan.com.au. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 31 August 2022.

[59] "카리나, 누가 찍어줬을까…화려한 비주얼→푸짐한 생일상 눈길". 텐아시아 (in Korean). 11 April 2024. Retrieved 25 October 2024.

[60] "FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022™: List of Players: Uruguay" (PDF). FIFA. 18 December 2022. p. 30. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 December 2022. Retrieved 29 October 2023.

[Bio-61] "Jake Fraser-McGurk". ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 12 November 2019.

[62] Július Bartl; Dusan Skvarna (2002). Slovak History: Chronology & Lexicon. Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers. p. 29. ISBN 978-0-86516-444-4.

[63] Roger Turvey (2007). Llywelyn the Great: Prince of Gwynedd. Gwasg Gomer. p. 134. ISBN 978-1-84323-747-1.

[64] 박현규 (Park Hyun-kyu) (2004). "Choegeun balgul-doen Jungguk sojang Haedong gwallyeon geumseongmun: Goryeo-in Isseullam-gyodo Ramadan myobi" 최근 발굴된 중국 소장 海東 관련 금석문: 고려인 이슬람교도 剌馬丹 묘비 [A recently discovered Korea-related inscription in China: The epitaph of Ramadan, a Korean Muslim]. 중국학논총. 17: 309–324. Retrieved June 8, 2020.

[65] George Wilson Page (1992). The descendants of Robart Page of the king's house: the probable English origins, ancestors, and relatives of George Page of Branford, Connecticut, and Thomas Page of Saco in the Province of Maine. G.W. Page. p. 112.

[66] "Death Of 'The Elephant Man'", The Times, p. 6, 16 April 1890

[67] "Wade Hampton | Family & Term of Office | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 18 March 2022.

[68] Bolstad, Erik, ed. (23 August 2023). "Axel Revold". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Norsk nettleksikon. Retrieved 18 March 2024.

[69] Susan Ware (2004). Notable American Women: A Biographical Dictionary Completing the Twentieth Century. Harvard University Press. p. 163. ISBN 978-0-674-01488-6.

[70] "Kurt Vonnegut | Biography, Facts, & Books". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 16 April 2020.

[71] Hunt, Ken 2013 Sue Draheim: Widely admired folk violinist independent.co.uk.

[72] Roberts, Siobhan (April 17, 2020). "John Horton Conway, a 'Magical Genius' in Math, Dies at 82". The New York Times.

[73] Benjamin, Jeff (2024-04-12). "K-Pop Singer-Songwriter Park Boram Found Dead at 30". Billboard. Retrieved 2024-04-13.

[74] "Saint Barsanuphius of Gaza", Catholic Daily Readings.

[75] Roman Martyrology, via Boston Catholic Journal, accessed April 11, 2021.

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@@ Line 58: / Line 58: @@
 *[[2012]] &ndash; A pair of great [[2012 Indian Ocean earthquakes|earthquakes]] occur in the [[Wharton Basin]] west of [[Sumatra]] in [[Indonesia]]. The maximum [[Mercalli intensity scale|Mercalli intensity]] of this [[Fault (geology)#Strike-slip faults|strike-slip]] [[doublet earthquake]] is VII (''Very strong''). Ten are killed, twelve are injured, and a non-destructive [[tsunami]] is observed on the island of [[Nias]].
 *[[2018]] &ndash; An [[Ilyushin Il-76]] which was owned and operated by the [[Algerian Air Force]] [[2018 Algerian Air Force Il-76 crash|crashes]] near [[Boufarik]], [[Algeria]], killing 257.
-*[[2019]] &ndash; [[Sudan|Sudanese]] dictator [[Omar al-Bashir]] is ousted in a [[2019 Sudanese coup d'état|coup d'état]] after three decades in power.
 *[[2021]] &ndash; Twenty year old [[Daunte Wright]] is shot and killed in [[Brooklyn Center, Minnesota]] by officer Kimberly Potter, sparking protests in the city, when the officer allegedly mistakes her own gun for her taser.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Ray Sanchez and Mallika Kallingal|title=Ex-police officer Kim Potter weeps, says she's 'sorry' as she recalls fatally shooting Daunte Wright|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/12/17/us/kim-potter-trial-friday/index.html|access-date=2021-12-18|website=CNN|date=17 December 2021 }}</ref>
 *[[2023]] &ndash; During the [[Pazigyi massacre]], an airstrike conducted by the [[Myanmar Air Force]] kills at least 100 villagers in [[Pazigyi]], [[Sagaing Region]].<ref>{{cite news |date=11 April 2023 |title=Airstrikes on Myanmar village feared to have killed 100 |language=en |work=AP NEWS |url=https://apnews.com/article/airstrikes-military-myanmar-village-918fd636bb81153928ab7481e06423e5}}</ref>
@@ Line 88: / Line 87: @@
 *[[1825]] &ndash; [[Ferdinand Lassalle]], German philosopher and jurist (d. 1864)
 *[[1827]] &ndash; [[Jyotirao Phule]], Indian scholar, philosopher, and activist (d. 1890)
-*[[1830]] &ndash; [[John Douglas (English architect)|John Douglas]], English architect (d. 1911)<ref>Howell, Peter (2004) '[http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/52372 Douglas, John (1830–1911)]', ''[[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]'', [[Oxford University Press]], Retrieved on 22 January 2008.</ref>
+*[[1830]] &ndash; [[John Douglas (English architect)|John Douglas]], English architect (d. 1911)<ref>{{cite ODNB |last1=Howell |first1=Peter |date=2004 |title=Douglas, John (1830–1911) |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/52372}}</ref>
+*[[1837]] &ndash; [[Elmer E. Ellsworth]], American army officer and law clerk (d. 1861)<ref>{{cite magazine |magazine=The Wisconsin Magazine of History |volume=1 |issue=4 |title=Colonel Elmer E. Ellsworth: First Hero of the Civil War |page=351 |last1=Ingraham |first1=Charles A. |date=June 1918 |jstor=4630106}}</ref>
 *[[1854]] &ndash; [[Hugh Massie]], Australian cricketer (d. 1938)
 *[[1856]] &ndash; [[Arthur Shrewsbury]], English cricketer and rugby player (d. 1903)
@@ Line 103: / Line 103: @@
 *[[1876]] &ndash; [[Paul Henry (painter)|Paul Henry]], Irish painter (d. 1958)
 *  1876   &ndash; [[Ivane Javakhishvili]], Georgian historian and academic (d. 1940)
+*[[1878]] &ndash; [[Percy Lane Oliver]], British pioneer of volunteer blood donation (d. 1944) <ref>Oliver, Percy Lane (2004) '[http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/52372 Oliver, Percy Lane (1878–1944)]', ''[[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]'', [[Oxford University Press]], Retrieved on 5 May 2024.</ref>
 *[[1879]] &ndash; [[Bernhard Schmidt]], Estonian-German astronomer and optician (d. 1935)
 *[[1887]] &ndash; [[Jamini Roy]], Indian painter (d. 1972)
@@ Line 146: / Line 147: @@
 *  1926   &ndash; [[Karl Rebane]], Estonian physicist and academic (d. 2007)
 *[[1927]] &ndash; [[Lokesh Chandra]], Indian historian
+*[[1928]] &ndash; [[Ethel Kennedy]], American philanthropist (d. 2024)<ref>{{Cite news |last=Martin |first=Douglas |date=October 10, 2024 |title=Ethel Kennedy, Passionate Supporter of the Family Legacy, Dies at 96 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/10/us/politics/ethel-kennedy-dead.html |access-date=October 11, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>
-*[[1928]] &ndash; [[Ethel Kennedy]], American philanthropist
 *  1928   &ndash; [[Edwin Pope]], American journalist and author (d. 2017)
 *  1928   &ndash; [[Tommy Tycho]], Hungarian-Australian pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 2013)
@@ Line 152: / Line 153: @@
 *  1930   &ndash; [[Walter Krüger (athlete)|Walter Krüger]], German javelin thrower (d. 2018)
 *  1930   &ndash; [[Anton LaVey]], American occultist, founded the [[Church of Satan]] (d. 1997)<ref>{{cite web |title=Anton LaVey {{!}} Biography, Books, & Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Anton-LaVey |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=16 January 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
-*[[1931]] &ndash; [[Lewis Jones (rugby, born 1931)|Lewis Jones]], Welsh rugby player and coach
+*[[1931]] &ndash; [[Lewis Jones (rugby, born 1931)|Lewis Jones]], Welsh rugby player and coach (d. 2024)
 *[[1932]] &ndash; [[Joel Grey]], American actor, singer, and dancer
 *[[1933]] &ndash; [[Tony Brown (journalist)|Tony Brown]], American journalist and academic
@@ Line 178: / Line 179: @@
 *[[1945]] &ndash; [[John Krebs, Baron Krebs]], English zoologist and academic
 *[[1946]] &ndash; [[Chris Burden]], American sculptor, illustrator, and academic (d. 2015)
-*  1946   &ndash; [[Bob Harris (radio presenter)|Bob Harris]], English journalist and radio host
+*  1946 &ndash; [[Bob Harris (radio presenter)|Bob Harris]], English journalist and radio host
 *[[1947]] &ndash; [[Lev Bulat]], Ukrainian-Russian physicist and academic (d. 2016)
-*  1947   &ndash; [[Uli Edel]], German director and screenwriter
+*  1947 &ndash; [[Uli Edel]], German director and screenwriter
-*  1947   &ndash; [[Frank Mantooth]], American pianist and composer (d. 2004)
+*  1947 &ndash; [[Frank Mantooth]], American pianist and composer (d. 2004)
-*  1947   &ndash; [[Peter Riegert]], American actor, screenwriter and film director
+*  1947 &ndash; [[Peter Riegert]], American actor, screenwriter and film director
-*  1947   &ndash; [[Michael T. Wright (university administrator)|Michael T. Wright]], English engineer and academic (d. 2015)
+*  1947 &ndash; [[Michael T. Wright (university administrator)|Michael T. Wright]], English engineer and academic (d. 2015)
+*  [[1949]] – [[Dorothy Allison]], American writer (d. 2024)<ref>{{Cite news |last=Green |first=Penelope |date=November 8, 2024 |title=Dorothy Allison, Author of ‘Bastard Out of Carolina,’ Dies at 75 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/08/books/dorothy-allison-dead.html |access-date=November 9, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>
-*[[1949]] &ndash; [[Bernd Eichinger]], German director and producer (d. 2011)
+*1949 &ndash; [[Bernd Eichinger]], German director and producer (d. 2011)
 *[[1950]] &ndash; [[Bill Irwin]], American actor and [[clown]]
 *[[1951]] &ndash; [[Paul Fox (musician)|Paul Fox]], English singer and guitarist (d. 2007)
@@ Line 280: / Line 282: @@
 *[[2000]] &ndash; [[Calen Addison]], Canadian ice hockey player<ref>{{Cite web |title=Calen Addison |url=https://www.nhl.com/sharks/player/calen-addison-8480884 |access-date=11 April 2024 |publisher=[[National Hockey League]]}}</ref>
 *  2000   &ndash; [[Milly Alcock]], Australian actress<ref>{{cite web|url=https://shanahan.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/ALCOCK-Milly-081121.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://shanahan.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/ALCOCK-Milly-081121.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=Milly Alcock|website=Shanahan.com.au|access-date=31 August 2022}}</ref>
+*  2000   &ndash; [[Karina (South Korean singer)|Karina]], South Korean singer<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://m.entertain.naver.com/article/312/0000657620 |title=카리나, 누가 찍어줬을까…화려한 비주얼→푸짐한 생일상 눈길 |date=11 April 2024 |work=텐아시아|language=ko |access-date=25 October 2024}}</ref>
 *[[2001]] &ndash; [[Manuel Ugarte (footballer)|Manuel Ugarte]], Uruguayan footballer<ref>{{cite web |url=https://fdp.fifa.org/assetspublic/ce44/pdf/SquadLists-English.pdf |title=FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022™: List of Players: Uruguay |publisher=FIFA |page=30 |date=18 December 2022 |access-date=29 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218195301/https://fdp.fifa.org/assetspublic/ce44/pdf/SquadLists-English.pdf |archive-date=18 December 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>
 *[[2002]] &ndash; [[Jake Fraser-McGurk]], Australian cricketer<ref name="Bio">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/1168049.html |title=Jake Fraser-McGurk |access-date=12 November 2019 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>
@@ Line 405: / Line 408: @@
 *  2017   &ndash; [[Mark Wainberg]], Canadian researcher and HIV/AIDS activist (b. 1945)
 *[[2020]] &ndash; [[John Horton Conway]], English mathematician (b. 1937)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/15/technology/john-horton-conway-dead-coronavirus.html|title=John Horton Conway, a 'Magical Genius' in Math, Dies at 82|first=Siobhan|last=Roberts|newspaper=The New York Times|date=April 17, 2020}}</ref>
+*[[2024]] &ndash; [[Park Bo-ram]], South Korean singer (b. 1994)<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Benjamin |first=Jeff |date=2024-04-12 |title=K-Pop Singer-Songwriter Park Boram Found Dead at 30 |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/park-boram-k-pop-singer-songwriter-obituary-1235654493/ |access-date=2024-04-13 |magazine=Billboard |language=en-US}}</ref>
 <!--Do not add people without Wikipedia articles to this list. Do not trust "this year in history" websites for accurate date information. Do not link multiple occurrences of the same year, just link the first occurrence.-->

v t e Months and days of the year
Today: December 12, 2024 [refresh]
January	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
February	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
March	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
April	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
May	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
June	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
July	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
August	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
September	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
October	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
November	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
December	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
Related: List of non-standard dates

Su	Mo	Tu	We	Th	Fr	Sa
<<	April					>>
	01	02	03	04	05	06
07	08	09	10	11	12	13
14	15	16	17	18	19	20
21	22	23	24	25	26	27
28	29	30
2024