Marko Krizin: Difference between revisions

Saint

Marko Stjepan Krizin
Saint; Marko Stjepan Krizin
Martyr
Born	Marko Stjepan Krizin; c. 1588; Križevci, Kingdom of Croatia, Habsburg monarchy
Died	7 September 1619 (aged 29–30); Kassa, Kingdom of Hungary, Habsburg Monarchy
Venerated in	Roman Catholic Church
Beatified	15 January 1905, St. Peter's Basilica, Rome, Kingdom of Italy, by Pope Pius X
Canonized	2 July 1995, Košice, Slovakia, by Pope John Paul II
Major shrine	Esztergom Basilica, Church of the Holy Trinity, Košice
Feast	7 September

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Marko Stjepan Krizin (c. 1588 – 7 September 1619), or Marko Križevčanin (Hungarian: Kőrösi Márk, lit. 'Mark of Križevci') was a Croatian Roman Catholic priest, professor of theology and missionary, who was active in the 17th century. In the course of the struggle between Catholicism and Calvinism in the region then, he was executed for his faith. He has been declared a saint by the Catholic Church, the third Croat to be so honored.

Early life

Krizin was born in Križevci, in the Kingdom of Croatia. He started his studies in the Jesuit college in Vienna, and then later at the University of Graz, where he studied under Péter Pázmány and became a Doctor of Philosophy.^[2]

As a candidate for Holy Orders of the Diocese of Zagreb, Krizin then moved to Rome. He stayed at the Collegium Germanicum et Hungaricum while attending the Pontifical Gregorian University. He personally noted his nationality as Croatian in a document which is available in the college archives.^[3] As a student he was smart and considerate. He studied there from 1611 to 1615.

Ministry

After ordination, Krizin returned to his diocese, where he stayed only a short while. Cardinal Péter Pázmány, Archbishop of Esztergom (then living in Nagyszombat – present-day Trnava – because of the continuing Ottoman occupation of much of Hungary), called him from Zagreb and appointed him both rector of the local seminary and canon of the cathedral chapter.^[4]

In early 1619, Krizin was sent to administer the estate of the former Benedictine Abbey of Széplak, near Kassa, Hungary (now Košice, Slovakia). Around the same time, the Calvinist Prince of Transylvania, Gábor Bethlen, led a nationalist uprising against the Austrian Habsburgs, who then ruled Hungary.^[4]

Martyrdom

At the time, Kassa was a stronghold of Calvinism for Hungary. To help the Catholic minority, the governor of the city, Andrija Dóczi, a Catholic appointed by Emperor Matthias, brought two Jesuit priests to Kassa: István Pongrácz and Melchior Grodziecki. Their presence caused unrest among the Calvinist majority of Kassa.^[5]

In September 1619, the city came under siege by the forces of the commander of the Calvinist army, George I Rákóczi. On 5 September Dóczi was betrayed by the mercenary forces defending the city and was handed over by the city authorities to him.^[4] His Protestant supporters then declared Bethlen "head" of Hungary and the protector of the Protestants. At that time Marko was staying at the then-Jesuit Church of the Holy Trinity, in the company of the two Jesuits ministering to the Catholics of the city. The Calvinist troops arrested the three priests at once. They were then left without food and water for three days.

During this time, the fate of the Catholic population was being determined. At the instigation of a Calvinist minister named Alvinczi, the head of the City Council, Reyner, was demanding the execution of all Catholics of the city. The majority of Protestants, however, were opposed to such a slaughter. The execution of the priests, however, was approved by them.^[4]

The commander promised Marko Krizin a church estate if he renounced the Catholic Church and converted to Calvinism. Krizin refused. All three were then tortured and soon beheaded.^[6]

The news about their martyrdom stormed across Hungary, shocking both Catholics and Protestants alike. Despite many pleas, Prince Gabriel refused to allow them to be buried them in consecrated ground. Only after being asked by Countess Katalina Pálffy, six months later, did he allow them to have a proper burial.^[1]

Legacy

The three priests were beatified on January 15, 1905 by Pope Pius X.^[1] The canonization of the three Košice martyrs was proclaimed by Pope John Paul II on July 2, 1995 in Košice.^[7] The remains of the Košice martyrs now rest in various locations, including the Basilica of Esztergom and the Ursuline Church of St. Anna in Trnava.^[8]

The feast day of Saint Marko Križevčanin is September 7. It is regularly celebrated with a week of festivities in Križevci.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c "Saint Mark (Marko) of Križevci", Archdiocese of Zagreb
^ Schäfer, Joachim. "Markus Stephan Crisinus", Ökumenischen Heiligenlexikon
^ "sv. Marko Križevčanin-život, zivot". Križevci.net (in Czech).
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "San Marco Crisini (Krizevcanin)". Santi e beati (in Italian).
^ "dziedzictwo.ekai.pl". Archived from the original on 2016-08-22. Retrieved 2012-11-19.
^ Parish of Bielsku-Białej
^ Diocese of Bielsko-Żywiecka
^ Trnava Historical Monuments Archived 2013-06-21 at the Wayback Machine

External links

St Mark of Križevci. krizevci.eu Archived 2017-03-30 at the Wayback Machine
SVETI MARKO KRIŽEVČANIN. zupa-svkriz.hr

[zagreb-1] "Saint Mark (Marko) of Križevci", Archdiocese of Zagreb

[2] Schäfer, Joachim. "Markus Stephan Crisinus", Ökumenischen Heiligenlexikon

[3] "sv. Marko Križevčanin-život, zivot". Križevci.net (in Czech).

[SB-4] "San Marco Crisini (Krizevcanin)". Santi e beati (in Italian).

[5] "dziedzictwo.ekai.pl". Archived from the original on 2016-08-22. Retrieved 2012-11-19.

[6] Parish of Bielsku-Białej

[7] Diocese of Bielsko-Żywiecka

[8] Trnava Historical Monuments Archived 2013-06-21 at the Wayback Machine

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{short description|Croatian priest, martyr and saint}}
 {{Infobox saint
+|honorific_prefix= [[Saint]]
-| name            = St. Marko Stjepan Krizin
+| name            = Marko Stjepan Krizin
 | image           = Sveti Marko Križevčanin.JPG
 | imagesize       =
 | alt             =
 | caption         =
-| titles          = Priest and martyr
+| titles          = [[Martyr]]
-| birth_date      = 1585
+| birth_name      = Marko Stjepan Krizin
+| birth_date      = {{Abbr|c.|circa}} {{birth year|1588}}<ref name=zagreb>[https://www.zg-nadbiskupija.hr/saint-mark-marko-of-krizevci/7073 "Saint Mark (Marko) of Križevci", Archdiocese of Zagreb]</ref>
-| birth_place     = [[Križevci, Croatia|Križevci]], [[Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)|Kingdom of Croatia]], [[Habsburg Empire]]
+| birth_place     = [[Križevci, Croatia|Križevci]], [[Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)|Kingdom of Croatia]], [[Habsburg monarchy]]
-| death_date      = 7 September 1619
+| death_date      = {{death date and age|df=y|1619|09|07|1589}}
-| death_place     = [[Royal free city]] of [[Košice|Kassa]],<br>[[Kingdom of Hungary]]
+| death_place     = [[Košice|Kassa]], [[Kingdom of Hungary (1526–1867)|Kingdom of Hungary]], Habsburg Monarchy
-| venerated_in    = [[Roman Catholic Church]] (Croatia)
+| venerated_in    = [[Roman Catholic Church]]
 | beatified_date  = 15 January 1905
 | beatified_place = [[St. Peter's Basilica]], [[Rome]], [[Kingdom of Italy]],
@@ Line 17: / Line 20: @@
 | canonized_place = [[Košice]], Slovakia,
 | canonized_by    = [[Pope John Paul II]]
-| major_shrine    = [[Esztergom Basilica]] and<br />[[Church of the Holy Trinity, Košice]]
+| major_shrine    = [[Esztergom Basilica]],  [[Church of the Holy Trinity, Košice]]
 | feast_day       = 7 September
 | attributes      =
+| patronage       = <!-- WARNING: patronages MUST CORRESPOND to a reliable secondary source, per WP:RS -->
-| patronage       =
 | issues          =
 | suppressed_date =
@@ Line 28: / Line 31: @@
 | tradition       =
 | major_works     =
+}}{{Catholic Church in Croatia sidebar}}
-}}
-[[Image:Esztergom - Kőrösi Márk.JPG|thumb|Relics of Marko Krizin at the [[Esztergom Basilica]].]]
+[[Image:Esztergom - Kőrösi Márk.JPG|thumb|left|Relics of Marko Krizin at the [[Esztergom Basilica]].]]
-'''Marko Stjepan Krizin''' (or '''Marko Križevčanin''') was a [[Croats|Croatian]] Roman [[Catholic priest]], [[professor]] of [[theology]] and [[missionary]], who was active in the 17th century. In the course of the struggle between Catholicism and [[Calvinism]] in the region then, he was executed for his faith. He has been declared a saint by the Catholic Church, the third Croat to be so honored.
+'''Marko Stjepan Krizin''' ({{Abbr|c.|circa}} 1588&nbsp;– 7 September 1619), or '''Marko Križevčanin''' ({{langx|hu|Kőrösi Márk}}, {{lit|Mark of [[Križevci]]}}) was a [[Croats|Croatian]] [[Catholic Church in Croatia|Roman Catholic]] [[Catholic priest|priest]], [[professor]] of [[theology]] and [[missionary]], who was active in the 17th century. In the course of the struggle between Catholicism and [[Calvinism]] in the region then, he was executed for his faith. He has been declared a saint by the Catholic Church, the third Croat to be so honored.
 ==Early life==
-Krizin was born in [[Križevci, Croatia|Križevci]], in the [[Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)|Kingdom of Croatia]]. He started his studies in the [[Jesuit]] college in Vienna, and then later at the [[University of Graz]], where he became a [[Doctor of Philosophy]].
+Krizin was born in [[Križevci, Croatia|Križevci]], in the [[Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)|Kingdom of Croatia]]. He started his studies in the [[Jesuit]] college in Vienna, and then later at the [[University of Graz]], where he studied under [[Péter Pázmány]] and became a [[Doctor of Philosophy]].<ref>[http://www.heiligenlexikon.de/BiographienM/Markus_Stephan_Crisinus.html Schäfer, Joachim. "Markus Stephan Crisinus", Ökumenischen Heiligenlexikon]</ref>
-As a candidate for [[Holy Orders]] of the [[Diocese of Zagreb]], Krizin then moved to [[Rome]], where he attended the famous [[Collegium Germanicum et Hungaricum]]. He personally noted his nationality as [[Croats|Croatian]] in a document which is available in the college [[archive]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.krizevci.net/hr/html/marko-zivot.html|title=sv. Marko Križevčanin-život, zivot|work=Križevci.net|language=cs}}</ref> As a student he was smart and considerate. He studied there from 1611 to 1615.
+As a candidate for [[Holy Orders]] of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Zagreb|Diocese of Zagreb]], Krizin then moved to [[Rome]]. He stayed at the [[Collegium Germanicum et Hungaricum]] while attending the [[Pontifical Gregorian University]]. He personally noted his nationality as [[Croats|Croatian]] in a document which is available in the college [[archive]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.krizevci.net/hr/html/marko-zivot.html|title=sv. Marko Križevčanin-život, zivot|work=Križevci.net|language=cs}}</ref> As a student he was smart and considerate. He studied there from 1611 to 1615.
 ==Ministry==
-After ordination, Krizin returned to his diocese where he stayed only a short period. [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]] [[Péter Pázmány]], the [[Archbishop of Esztergom]] (then based in Nagyszombat (now called [[Trnava]] due to Ottoman occupation), called him from Zagreb and appointed him the [[rector (academic)|rector]] of the [[seminary]] there and as a [[canon (priest)|canon]] of the [[cathedral chapter]].<ref name=SB /<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/91621|work=Santi e beati|title=San Marco Crisini (Krizevcanin)|language=it}}</ref>
+After ordination, Krizin returned to his diocese, where he stayed only a short while.  [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]] [[Péter Pázmány]], [[Archbishop of Esztergom]] (then living in Nagyszombat – present-day [[Trnava]] – because of the continuing Ottoman occupation of much of Hungary), called him from Zagreb and appointed him both [[rector (academic)|rector]] of the local [[seminary]] and [[canon (priest)|canon]] of the [[cathedral chapter]].<ref name=SB>{{cite web|url=http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/91621|work=Santi e beati|title=San Marco Crisini (Krizevcanin)|language=it}}</ref>
-In early 1619 he was sent to administer the estate of the former [[Order of St. Benedict|Benedictine]] [[Abbey]] of Széplak, near Košice. Around that same time, the [[Prince of Transylvania]], [[Gabor Bethlen]], who was a Calvinist, led an uprising against the Habsburg monarchy.<ref name=SB />
+In early 1619, Krizin was sent to administer the estate of the former [[Order of St. Benedict|Benedictine]] [[Abbey]] of Széplak, near [[Košice|Kassa]], Hungary (now Košice, Slovakia).  Around the same time, the Calvinist [[Prince of Transylvania]], [[Gábor Bethlen]], led a nationalist uprising against the Austrian Habsburgs, who then ruled Hungary.<ref name=SB />
 ==Martyrdom==
-At the time, Kassa was a stronghold of [[Calvinism]] for Hungary. To strengthen the position of the Catholic minority, the governor of the city, Andrija Dóczi, a Catholic appointed by Emperor [[Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor|Matthias]], brought two [[Jesuit]] priests to Kassa: [[Stjepan Pongrácz]] and [[Melhior Grodziecki]]. Their presence caused unrest among the Calvinist majority of Kassa.<ref>[http://dziedzictwo.ekai.pl/text.show?id=4257/ dziedzictwo.ekai.pl]</ref>
+At the time, Kassa was a stronghold of [[Calvinism]] for Hungary. To help the Catholic minority, the governor of the city, Andrija Dóczi, a Catholic appointed by Emperor [[Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor|Matthias]], brought two [[Jesuit]] priests to Kassa: [[István Pongrácz]] and [[Melchior Grodziecki]]. Their presence caused unrest among the Calvinist majority of Kassa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://dziedzictwo.ekai.pl/text.show?id=4257/ |title=dziedzictwo.ekai.pl |access-date=2012-11-19 |archive-date=2016-08-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822092830/http://dziedzictwo.ekai.pl/text.show?id=4257/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
-The Calvinists then incited a rebellion on 13 July 1619, falsely accusing the Catholic minority of arson . That following September, the city came under siege by the forces of the commander of the Calvinist army, [[George I Rákóczi]]. On 5 September Dóczi was betrayed by the mercenary forces defending the city and was handed over by the city authorities to him.<ref name=SB /> His Protestant supporters then declared Bethlen "head" of Hungary and the protector of the Protestants. At that time Marko was staying at the then-Jesuit [[Church of the Holy Trinity, Košice|Church of the Holy Trinity]], in the company of the two Jesuits ministering to the Catholics of the city. The Calvinist troops arrested the three priests at once. They were then left without food and water for three days.
+In September 1619, the city came under siege by the forces of the commander of the Calvinist army, [[George I Rákóczi]]. On 5 September Dóczi was betrayed by the mercenary forces defending the city and was handed over by the city authorities to him.<ref name=SB /> His Protestant supporters then declared Bethlen "head" of Hungary and the protector of the Protestants. At that time Marko was staying at the then-Jesuit [[Church of the Holy Trinity, Košice|Church of the Holy Trinity]], in the company of the two Jesuits ministering to the Catholics of the city. The Calvinist troops arrested the three priests at once. They were then left without food and water for three days.
 During this time, the fate of the Catholic population was being determined. At the instigation of a Calvinist minister named Alvinczi, the head of the City Council, Reyner, was demanding the execution of all Catholics of the city. The majority of Protestants, however, were opposed to such a slaughter. The execution of the priests, however, was approved by them.<ref name=SB />
 The commander promised Marko Krizin a church estate if he renounced the Catholic Church and converted to Calvinism. Krizin refused. All three were then tortured and soon beheaded.<ref>[http://www.parafiacyglas.pl/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=97:sw-melchior-grodziecki---patron-naszej-diecezji&catid=34:wygarzenia&Itemid=46/ Parish of Bielsku-Białej]</ref>
+[[Image:Varaždinska katedrala - kip svetog Marka Križevčanina.jpg|thumb|240px|Krizin's statue at the [[Cathedral of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, Varaždin|Varaždin Cathedral]]]]
-The news about their martyrdom stormed across Hungary, shocking both Catholics and Protestants alike. Despite many pleas, Prince Gabriel refused to allowed them to be buried them in consecrated ground. He allowed them have a proper burial only when asked by Empress Katalina Pálffy, six months later.
+The news about their martyrdom stormed across Hungary, shocking both Catholics and Protestants alike. Despite many pleas, Prince Gabriel refused to allow them to be buried them in consecrated ground. Only after being asked by Countess Katalina Pálffy, six months later, did he allow them to have a proper burial.<ref name=zagreb/>
 ==Legacy==
-The three priests were [[beatified]] on January 15, 1905 by [[Pope Pius X]]. The [[canonization]] of the three Košice martyrs was proclaimed by [[Pope John Paul II]] on July 2, 1995 in Košice.<ref>[http://www.diecezja.bielsko.pl/ Diocese of Bielsko-Żywiecka]</ref> The remains of the Košice martyrs now rest in various locations, including the [[Basilica of Esztergom]] and the [[Ursulines|Ursuline]] Church of St. Anna in Trnava.<ref>[http://www.trnava.sk/en/article/historical-monuments/ Trnava Historical Monuments]</ref>
+The three priests were [[beatified]] on January 15, 1905 by [[Pope Pius X]].<ref name=zagreb/> The [[canonization]] of the three Košice martyrs was proclaimed by [[Pope John Paul II]] on July 2, 1995 in Košice.<ref>[http://www.diecezja.bielsko.pl/ Diocese of Bielsko-Żywiecka]</ref> The remains of the Košice martyrs now rest in various locations, including the [[Basilica of Esztergom]] and the [[Ursulines|Ursuline]] Church of St. Anna in Trnava.<ref>[http://www.trnava.sk/en/article/historical-monuments/ Trnava Historical Monuments] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621132143/http://www.trnava.sk/en/article/historical-monuments |date=2013-06-21 }}</ref>
 The [[calendar of saints|feast day]] of Saint Marko Križevčanin is September 7. It is regularly celebrated with a week of festivities in [[Križevci, Croatia|Križevci]].
@@ Line 63: / Line 67: @@
 == External links ==
-*[http://international.krizevci.info/en_GB/kri%C5%BEevci/personage/st+mark+of+kri%C5%BEevci/ Sv. Marko Križevčanin]
+* [http://www.krizevci.eu/en_GB/kri%C5%BEevci/personage/st+mark+of+kri%C5%BEevci/ St Mark of Križevci]. ''krizevci.eu'' {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170330174944/https://www.krizevci.eu/en_GB/kri%C5%BEevci/personage/st%20mark%20of%20kri%C5%BEevci/ |date=2017-03-30 }}
+* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120427204834/http://www.zupa-svkriz.hr/kalendar/novi/opis.php?dat=marko_krizevcanin97.htm SVETI MARKO KRIŽEVČANIN]. ''zupa-svkriz.hr''
-* http://www.krizevci.eu/en_GB/kri%C5%BEevci/personage/st+mark+of+kri%C5%BEevci/
-* http://www.heiligenlexikon.de/BiographienM/Markus_Stephan_Crisinus.html
-* http://www.zupa-svkriz.hr/kalendar/novi/opis.php?dat=marko_krizevcanin97.htm
 {{Croatian saints}}
 {{Authority control}}
-{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
-| NAME              = Krizin, Marko
-| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
-| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Croatian priest, martyr and saint
-| DATE OF BIRTH     = 1588
-| PLACE OF BIRTH    = [[Križevci, Croatia]]
-| DATE OF DEATH     = 7 September 1619
-| PLACE OF DEATH    = [[Košice|Košice Slovakia]], [[Kingdom of Hungary]] }}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Krizin, Marko}}
 [[Category:1589 births]]
 [[Category:1619 deaths]]
-[[Category:People from Križevci, Croatia]]
+[[Category:People from Križevci]]
 [[Category:University of Graz alumni]]
 [[Category:Collegium Germanicum et Hungaricum alumni]]
-[[Category:17th-century Roman Catholic priests]]
+[[Category:17th-century Croatian Roman Catholic priests]]
-[[Category:Croatian Roman Catholic priests]]
 [[Category:Christian martyrs executed by decapitation]]
 [[Category:Burials at Esztergom Basilica]]
 [[Category:Martyred Roman Catholic priests]]
 [[Category:Canonizations by Pope John Paul II]]
-[[Category:16th-century Croatian people]]
-[[Category:17th-century Croatian people]]
 [[Category:17th-century Hungarian people]]
 [[Category:17th-century Christian saints]]

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