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The trench is colored in dark blue, extending from central Mexico to Costa Rica in the Pacific Ocean

The Middle America Trench is a major subduction zone, an oceanic trench in the eastern Pacific Ocean off the southwestern coast of Middle America, stretching from central Mexico to Costa Rica. The trench is 1,700 miles (2,750 km) long and is 21,880 feet (6,669 m) at its deepest point. The trench is the boundary between the Rivera, Cocos, and Nazca plates on one side and the North American and Caribbean plates on the other. It is the 18th-deepest trench in the world. Many large earthquakes have occurred in the area of the Middle America Trench.^[1]

Division

The Middle America Trench can be divided into a northern and a southern section. The division, however, is not the same in its seaward side and its landward side. In the seaward side, the northern section, called the Acapulco Trench, runs from Jalisco to the Tehuantepec Ridge, and the southern section, called the Guatemala Trench, runs from the Tehuantepec Ridge to the Cocos Ridge.^[2] On the landward side, the division is demarcated along the Polochic-Motagua fault system (see Motagua Fault), the boundary between the North American plate and the Caribbean plate.^[3] The dividing point in the landward side is about 400 km east of that in the seaward side.^[4]

References

^ Astiz, L.; Kanamori, H.; Eissler, H. (1987). "Source characteristics of earthquakes in the Michoacan seismic gap in Mexico". Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America. 77 (4): 1326–1346. Bibcode:1987BuSSA..77.1326A. doi:10.1785/BSSA0770041326.
^ Marina Manea; Vlad C. Manea; Vladimir Kostoglodov (2003). "Sediment Fill in the Middle America Trench Inferred From Gravity Anomalies". Geofísica Internacional. 42 (4): 603–612. doi:10.22201/igeof.00167169p.2003.42.4.314.
^ Lyon-Caen, H.; Barrier, E.; Lasserre, C.; Franco, A.; Arzu, I.; Chiquin, L.; Chiquin, M.; Duquesnoy, T.; Flores, O.; Galicia, O.; Luna, J.; Molina, E.; Porras, O.; Requena, J.; Robles, V.; Romero, J.; Wolf, R. (2006). "Kinematics of the North American–Caribbean-Cocos plates in Central America from new GPS measurements across the Polochic-Motagua fault system" (PDF). Geophysical Research Letters. 33 (19): 19309. Bibcode:2006GeoRL..3319309L. doi:10.1029/2006GL027694. S2CID 3161221.
^ Aubouin, J.; Azema, J.; Carfantan, J.-Ch.; Demant, A.; Rangin, C.; Tardy, M.; Tournon, J. (2007) [1982]. "The Middle America Trench in the Geological Framework of Central America" (PDF). Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 67 (Report). Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Vol. 67. Deep Sea Drilling Project. doi:10.2973/dsdp.proc.67.141.1982.

[1] Astiz, L.; Kanamori, H.; Eissler, H. (1987). "Source characteristics of earthquakes in the Michoacan seismic gap in Mexico". Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America. 77 (4): 1326–1346. Bibcode:1987BuSSA..77.1326A. doi:10.1785/BSSA0770041326.

[2] Marina Manea; Vlad C. Manea; Vladimir Kostoglodov (2003). "Sediment Fill in the Middle America Trench Inferred From Gravity Anomalies". Geofísica Internacional. 42 (4): 603–612. doi:10.22201/igeof.00167169p.2003.42.4.314.

[3] Lyon-Caen, H.; Barrier, E.; Lasserre, C.; Franco, A.; Arzu, I.; Chiquin, L.; Chiquin, M.; Duquesnoy, T.; Flores, O.; Galicia, O.; Luna, J.; Molina, E.; Porras, O.; Requena, J.; Robles, V.; Romero, J.; Wolf, R. (2006). "Kinematics of the North American–Caribbean-Cocos plates in Central America from new GPS measurements across the Polochic-Motagua fault system" (PDF). Geophysical Research Letters. 33 (19): 19309. Bibcode:2006GeoRL..3319309L. doi:10.1029/2006GL027694. S2CID 3161221.

[4] Aubouin, J.; Azema, J.; Carfantan, J.-Ch.; Demant, A.; Rangin, C.; Tardy, M.; Tournon, J. (2007) [1982]. "The Middle America Trench in the Geological Framework of Central America" (PDF). Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 67 (Report). Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Vol. 67. Deep Sea Drilling Project. doi:10.2973/dsdp.proc.67.141.1982.

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+{{short description|Subduction zone in the eastern Pacific off the southwestern coast of Middle America}}
-[[Image:MiddleAmericaTrench.jpg|right|thumb|300px|The trench is colored in dark blue]]
-[[Image:Tectonic plates Caribbean.png|thumb|300px|The trench lies at the convergence of the, [[Cocos Plate|Cocos]], [[Nazca Plate|Nazca]], [[North American Plate|North American]], and [[Caribbean Plate|Caribbean]] plates]]
+[[Image:MiddleAmericaTrench.jpg|right|thumb|300px|The trench is colored in dark blue, extending from central [[Geography of Mexico|Mexico]] to [[Geography of Costa Rica|Costa Rica]] in the [[Pacific Ocean]] ]]
+[[Image:Tectonic plates Caribbean.png|thumb|300px|The trench lies at the convergence of the [[Cocos plate|Cocos]], [[Nazca plate|Nazca]], [[North American plate|North American]], and [[Caribbean plate|Caribbean]] plates]]
-The '''Middle America Trench''' is a major [[subduction zone]], an [[oceanic trench]] in the eastern [[Pacific Ocean]] off the southwestern coast of [[Middle America (Americas)|Middle America]], stretching from central [[Mexico]] to [[Costa Rica]].  The trench is 1,700 miles (2,750&nbsp;km) long and is 21,880 feet (6,669 m) at its deepest point.
+The '''Middle America Trench''' is a major [[subduction]] zone, an [[oceanic trench]] in the eastern [[Pacific Ocean]] off the southwestern coast of [[Middle America (Americas)|Middle America]], stretching from central [[Mexico]] to [[Costa Rica]].  The trench is 1,700 miles (2,750&nbsp;km) long and is 21,880 feet (6,669 m) at its deepest point.
-The trench is the boundary between the [[Rivera Plate|Rivera]], [[Cocos Plate|Cocos]], and [[Nazca Plate|Nazca]] plates, and the [[North American Plate|North American]] and [[Caribbean Plate|Caribbean]] plates.  It is currently the 18th deepest trench in the world. Many large earthquakes have occurred in the area of the Middle America Trench.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.gps.caltech.edu/uploads/File/People/kanamori/HKbssa87c.pdf|title=Source characteristics of earthquakes in the Michoacan seismic gap in Mexico|journal=Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America |year=1987 |volume=77|issue=4 |pages=1326–1346}}</ref>
+The trench is the boundary between the [[Rivera plate|Rivera]], [[Cocos plate|Cocos]], and [[Nazca plate|Nazca]] plates on one side and the [[North American plate|North American]] and [[Caribbean plate|Caribbean]] plates on the other. It is the 18th-deepest trench in the world. Many large earthquakes have occurred in the area of the Middle America Trench.<ref>{{cite journal|first1=L.|last1=Astiz|first2=H.|last2=Kanamori|authorlink2=Hiroo Kanamori|first3=H.|last3=Eissler|url=http://authors.library.caltech.edu/49188/|title=Source characteristics of earthquakes in the Michoacan seismic gap in Mexico|journal=Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America |year=1987 |volume=77|issue=4 |pages=1326–1346|doi=10.1785/BSSA0770041326 |bibcode=1987BuSSA..77.1326A }}</ref>
+==Division==
-The Middle America Trench can be divided into a northern and a southern section. However, the division is not the same in its seaward side and its landward side. In the seaward side, the northern section, called the Acapulco Trench, runs from [[Jalisco]] to the [[Tehuantepec Ridge]], and the southern section, called the Guatemala Trench, runs from the Tehuantepec Ridge to the Cocos Ridge.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://redalyc.uaemex.mx/pdf/568/56842403.pdf|title=Sediment Fill In the Middle America Trench Inferred From Gravity Anomalies|journal=America|volume=42 |year=2003|pages=603–612|author=Marina Manea, Vlad C. Manea, Vladimir Kostoglodov}}</ref> On the landward side, the division is demarcated along the Polochic-Motagua fault system (see [[Motagua Fault]]),  the boundary between the North American Plate and the Caribbean Plate.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.geologie.ens.fr/~lasserre/papiers/2006GL027694.pdf|title=Kinematics of the North American–Caribbean-Cocos plates in Central America from new GPS measurements across the Polochic-Motagua fault system|doi=10.1029/2006GL027694|year=2006|last1=Lyon-Caen|first1=H.|last2=Barrier|first2=E.|last3=Lasserre|first3=C.|last4=Franco|first4=A.|last5=Arzu|first5=I.|last6=Chiquin|first6=L.|last7=Chiquin|first7=M.|last8=Duquesnoy|first8=T.|last9=Flores|first9=O.|last10=Galicia|first10=O.|last11=Luna|first11=J.|last12=Molina|first12=E.|last13=Porras|first13=O.|last14=Requena|first14=J.|last15=Robles|first15=V.|last16=Romero|first16=J.|last17=Wolf|first17=R.|journal=Geophysical Research Letters|volume=33|issue=19|pages=19309|bibcode = 2006GeoRL..3319309L }}</ref> The dividing point in the landward side is about 400&nbsp;km east of that in the seaward side.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.deepseadrilling.org/67/volume/dsdp67_41.pdf|doi=10.2973/dsdp.proc.67.141.1982|title=Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 67|chapter=The Middle America Trench in the Geological Framework of Central America|series=Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project|year=1982|last1=Aubouin|first1=J.|last2=Azema|first2=J.|last3=Carfantan|first3=J.-Ch.|last4=Demant|first4=A.|last5=Rangin|first5=C.|last6=Tardy|first6=M.|last7=Tournon|first7=J.|volume=67}}</ref>
+The Middle America Trench can be divided into a northern and a southern section. The division, however, is not the same in its seaward side and its landward side. In the seaward side, the northern section, called the Acapulco Trench, runs from [[Jalisco]] to the [[Tehuantepec Ridge]], and the southern section, called the Guatemala Trench, runs from the Tehuantepec Ridge to the Cocos Ridge.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.revistas.unam.mx/index.php/geofisica/article/download/39775/36200|title=Sediment Fill in the Middle America Trench Inferred From Gravity Anomalies|journal=Geofísica Internacional|volume=42 |year=2003|pages=603–612|author1=Marina Manea |author2=Vlad C. Manea |author3=Vladimir Kostoglodov |issue=4 |doi=10.22201/igeof.00167169p.2003.42.4.314 |doi-access=free }}</ref> On the landward side, the division is demarcated along the Polochic-Motagua fault system (see [[Motagua Fault]]), the boundary between the North American plate and the Caribbean plate.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Kinematics of the North American–Caribbean-Cocos plates in Central America from new GPS measurements across the Polochic-Motagua fault system|doi=10.1029/2006GL027694|year=2006|last1=Lyon-Caen|first1=H.|last2=Barrier|first2=E.|last3=Lasserre|first3=C.|last4=Franco|first4=A.|last5=Arzu|first5=I.|last6=Chiquin|first6=L.|last7=Chiquin|first7=M.|last8=Duquesnoy|first8=T.|last9=Flores|first9=O.|last10=Galicia|first10=O.|last11=Luna|first11=J.|last12=Molina|first12=E.|last13=Porras|first13=O.|last14=Requena|first14=J.|last15=Robles|first15=V.|last16=Romero|first16=J.|last17=Wolf|first17=R.|journal=Geophysical Research Letters|volume=33|issue=19|pages=19309|bibcode = 2006GeoRL..3319309L |s2cid=3161221 |url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02057876/file/Lyon-Caen_et_al-2006-Geophysical_Research_Letters.pdf}}</ref> The dividing point in the landward side is about 400&nbsp;km east of that in the seaward side.<ref>{{cite report|url=http://www.deepseadrilling.org/67/dsdp_toc.htm |chapter-url=http://www.deepseadrilling.org/67/volume/dsdp67_41.pdf |doi=10.2973/dsdp.proc.67.141.1982|title=Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 67|chapter=The Middle America Trench in the Geological Framework of Central America |orig-year=1982 |year=2007 |publisher=[[Deep Sea Drilling Project]] |last1=Aubouin|first1=J.|last2=Azema|first2=J.|last3=Carfantan|first3=J.-Ch.|last4=Demant|first4=A.|last5=Rangin|first5=C.|last6=Tardy|first6=M.|last7=Tournon|first7=J.|series=Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project |volume=67 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
 == References ==
 {{Reflist}}
-{{Coord missing|Mexico}}
+{{Coord missing|Pacific Ocean}}
 {{Central America plates}}
 {{Faults}}
+{{Authority control}}
 [[Category:Plate tectonics]]
 [[Category:Oceanic trenches of the Pacific Ocean]]
-[[Category:Landforms of Mexico]]
 [[Category:Geography of Central America]]
 [[Category:Subduction zones]]
+[[Category:Seismic faults of North America]]

v t e Tectonic plates of Central America (Pacific plate–North American plate–Caribbean plate Convergence Zone)
Large	Cocos plate Nazca plate
Small	Rivera plate
Faults and rift zones	Atl Fault Atoyac Fault Ballenas Fault Carmen Fault Cerro Prieto Fault Chapala Tula Fault Zone Donaji Fault Guaymas Fault Gulf of California Rift Zone Farallon Fault Imperial Fault Zone Oaxaca Fault Pedro Miguel Fault Pescadero Fault Rivera Transform Fault Polochic Fault - Motagua Fault San Lorenzo Fault Tamayo Fault
Trenches and troughs	Alarcon Basin Carmen Basin Consag Basin Delfin Basin Guaymas Basin Middle America Trench (Acapulco/Guatemala) San Pedro Mártir Basin Tehuantepec Ridge Wagner Basin
Other	Rivera Triple Junction List of faults in Costa Rica List of seismic faults in Mexico

Authority control databases
International	VIAF
National	Germany