Mesic habitat: Difference between revisions
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Mnemosientje (talk | contribs) as in this case, scientific terms typically derive from the ancient greek word (mesos), not its modern greek form (misos) |
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{{Short description|Habitat with a moderate supply of moisture}} |
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{{Unreferenced|date=December 2009}} |
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[[File:Cloud Forest (32108298811).jpg|thumb|300px|Mesic forest at [[Sierra Nororiental]], [[Puebla]]]] |
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In [[ecology]], a '''mesic habitat''' is a type of [[habitat]] with a moderate or well-balanced supply of [[moisture]], e.g., a mesic forest, a [[temperate hardwood forest]], or [[dry-mesic prairie]]. Mesic habitats transition to xeric shrublands in a non-linear fashion, which is evidence of a threshold.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Ratajczak|first1=Zak|last2=Nippert|first2=Jesse B.|last3=Ocheltree|first3=Troy W.|title=Abrupt transition of mesic grassland to shrubland: evidence for thresholds, alternative attractors, and regime shifts|journal=Ecology|date=September 2014|volume=95|issue=9|pages=2633–2645|doi=10.1890/13-1369.1}}</ref> |
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In [[ecology]], a '''mesic habitat''' is a type of [[habitat]] with a well-balanced or moderate supply of [[moisture]] throughout the growing season (e.g., a mesic forest, [[temperate hardwood forest]], or [[dry-mesic prairie]]). The term derives from the Greek ''mesos'', meaning middle, indicating its relative moisture content between [[Hydric soil|hydric]] (moist) and [[Deserts and xeric shrublands|xeric]] (dry) habitats.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dictionary.com {{!}} Meanings & Definitions of English Words |url=https://www.dictionary.com/browse/mesic |access-date=2023-12-03 |website=Dictionary.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dictionary.com {{!}} Meanings & Definitions of English Words |url=https://www.dictionary.com/browse/meso- |access-date=2023-12-03 |website=Dictionary.com |language=en}}</ref> The word "mesic" can apply to the plants or soils within the mesic habitat (i.e. mesic plants, mesic soils). |
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Mesic habitats provide a moderate moisture content that remains relatively constant during crucial growing periods. A variety of outside factors contribute to the presence of water in the system, including streams and their offshoots, [[wet meadow]]s, springs, [[Seep (hydrology)|seeps]], irrigated fields, and high-elevation habitats. These factors effectively provide drought insurance during the growing season against climatic factors such as increasing temperatures, lack of rain, and the effects of urbanization. |
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Mesic is one of a triad of terms used to describe the amount of water in a habitat. The others are [[xeric]]<ref name=JoZ1980>{{cite web |url=http://worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1309 |title=Kalahari xeric savanna |publisher=Worldwildife.org |year=2016 |accessdate=2016-07-27}}</ref> and [[hydric]]. |
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Other habitat types, such as [[Hammock (ecology)|mesic hammocks]], occupy the middle ground between bottomlands and sandhills or clay hills. These habitats can often be governed by oaks, hickories, and magnolias. However, there are some habitats that exhibit adaptations to fire. Natural Pinelands can persist in conjunction with mesic (moderately drained) or hydric but can also include mesic clay. |
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Healthy mesic habitats can store large amounts of water given the typical rich loamy soil composition<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Veluci |first1=Roberta M. |last2=Neher |first2=Deborah A. |last3=Weicht |first3=Thomas R. |date=2006-02-01 |title=Nitrogen Fixation and Leaching of Biological Soil Crust Communities in Mesic Temperate Soils |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-005-0121-3 |journal=Microbial Ecology |language=en |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=189–196 |doi=10.1007/s00248-005-0121-3 |pmid=16453200 |s2cid=585414 |issn=1432-184X}}</ref> and streams, springs, etc. This allows the entire habitat to essentially function like a sponge storing water in such a way that it can be deposited to neighboring habitats as needed. This supply helps to capture, store, and slowly release water. This supply aids in nutrient facilitation, bolstering community interactions. |
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Mesic habitats are common in dryer regions of the western United States, such as the [[Great Basin]], [[Great Plains]], and the [[Rocky Mountains]],<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Fernandes |first1=G. Wilson |last2=Price |first2=Peter W. |date=1992-04-01 |title=The adaptive significance of insect gall distribution: survivorship of species in xeric and mesic habitats |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00317803 |journal=Oecologia |language=en |volume=90 |issue=1 |pages=14–20 |doi=10.1007/BF00317803 |pmid=28312265 |bibcode=1992Oecol..90...14F |s2cid=11951496 |issn=1432-1939}}</ref> where they serve as water sources for neighboring dry climates and desert habitats. Healthy mesic habitats can provide extensive benefits to surrounding communities and habitats for both biotic and abiotic factors. This boost in reserve water allows for ecological processes to commence and provide balance and nutrients for energy to flow through the ecosystem at hand. |
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An important type of plant that reside within mesic habitats is the [[forb]], which provides a strong source of food for many species, especially avian species such as the [[ruffed grouse]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Randall |first1=K. J. |last2=Ellison |first2=M. J. |last3=Yelich |first3=J. V. |last4=Price |first4=W. J. |last5=Johnson |first5=T. N. |date=2022-05-01 |title=Managing Forbs Preferred by Greater Sage-Grouse and Soil Moisture in Mesic Meadows with Short-Duration Grazing |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1550742422000161 |journal=Rangeland Ecology & Management |language=en |volume=82 |pages=66–75 |doi=10.1016/j.rama.2022.02.008 |s2cid=247877434 |issn=1550-7424}}</ref> These habitats play an important role in the distribution abundance of [[Centrocercus|sage grouse]], influencing where they choose their breeding grounds, or [[Lek mating|leks]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.wlfw.org/ |access-date=2023-05-05 |website=Working Lands For Wildlife |language=en-US}}</ref> |
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Mesic habitats are under stress from various human activities such as ranching, however many conservation efforts are underway. As of 2010, over 1,474 ranchers have agreed to partner with the Sage Grouse Initiative under the [[U.S. Department of Agriculture]] to protect over 5.6 million acres of mesic habitat.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sagegrouseinitiative.com/water-is-life/|title=Water Is Life: Introducing SGI's Mesic Habitat Conservation Strategy - Sage Grouse Initiative|date=2017-04-05|work=Sage Grouse Initiative|access-date=2017-05-11|language=en-US}}</ref> The Working Lands for Wildlife organization has developed an interactive app to visualize mesic resources. The SGI Interactive Web App provides users with local conservation efforts across the entire range of sage grouse.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SGI Interactive Map |url=https://map.sagegrouseinitiative.com/wildlife/songbird-abundance?ll=43.4799,-110.7624&overlay=brsp&opacity=0.80&z=6&basemap=roadmap |access-date=2023-05-05 |website=map.sagegrouseinitiative.com}}</ref> Preservation of mesic habitats will promote stability and success within the established ecosystem. |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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Revision as of 15:18, 6 November 2024
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In ecology, a mesic habitat is a type of habitat with a well-balanced or moderate supply of moisture throughout the growing season (e.g., a mesic forest, temperate hardwood forest, or dry-mesic prairie). The term derives from the Greek mesos, meaning middle, indicating its relative moisture content between hydric (moist) and xeric (dry) habitats.[1][2] The word "mesic" can apply to the plants or soils within the mesic habitat (i.e. mesic plants, mesic soils).
Mesic habitats provide a moderate moisture content that remains relatively constant during crucial growing periods. A variety of outside factors contribute to the presence of water in the system, including streams and their offshoots, wet meadows, springs, seeps, irrigated fields, and high-elevation habitats. These factors effectively provide drought insurance during the growing season against climatic factors such as increasing temperatures, lack of rain, and the effects of urbanization.
Other habitat types, such as mesic hammocks, occupy the middle ground between bottomlands and sandhills or clay hills. These habitats can often be governed by oaks, hickories, and magnolias. However, there are some habitats that exhibit adaptations to fire. Natural Pinelands can persist in conjunction with mesic (moderately drained) or hydric but can also include mesic clay.
Healthy mesic habitats can store large amounts of water given the typical rich loamy soil composition[3] and streams, springs, etc. This allows the entire habitat to essentially function like a sponge storing water in such a way that it can be deposited to neighboring habitats as needed. This supply helps to capture, store, and slowly release water. This supply aids in nutrient facilitation, bolstering community interactions.
Mesic habitats are common in dryer regions of the western United States, such as the Great Basin, Great Plains, and the Rocky Mountains,[4] where they serve as water sources for neighboring dry climates and desert habitats. Healthy mesic habitats can provide extensive benefits to surrounding communities and habitats for both biotic and abiotic factors. This boost in reserve water allows for ecological processes to commence and provide balance and nutrients for energy to flow through the ecosystem at hand.
An important type of plant that reside within mesic habitats is the forb, which provides a strong source of food for many species, especially avian species such as the ruffed grouse.[5] These habitats play an important role in the distribution abundance of sage grouse, influencing where they choose their breeding grounds, or leks.[6]
Mesic habitats are under stress from various human activities such as ranching, however many conservation efforts are underway. As of 2010, over 1,474 ranchers have agreed to partner with the Sage Grouse Initiative under the U.S. Department of Agriculture to protect over 5.6 million acres of mesic habitat.[7] The Working Lands for Wildlife organization has developed an interactive app to visualize mesic resources. The SGI Interactive Web App provides users with local conservation efforts across the entire range of sage grouse.[8] Preservation of mesic habitats will promote stability and success within the established ecosystem.
See also
References
- ^ "Dictionary.com | Meanings & Definitions of English Words". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 2023-12-03.
- ^ "Dictionary.com | Meanings & Definitions of English Words". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 2023-12-03.
- ^ Veluci, Roberta M.; Neher, Deborah A.; Weicht, Thomas R. (2006-02-01). "Nitrogen Fixation and Leaching of Biological Soil Crust Communities in Mesic Temperate Soils". Microbial Ecology. 51 (2): 189–196. doi:10.1007/s00248-005-0121-3. ISSN 1432-184X. PMID 16453200. S2CID 585414.
- ^ Fernandes, G. Wilson; Price, Peter W. (1992-04-01). "The adaptive significance of insect gall distribution: survivorship of species in xeric and mesic habitats". Oecologia. 90 (1): 14–20. Bibcode:1992Oecol..90...14F. doi:10.1007/BF00317803. ISSN 1432-1939. PMID 28312265. S2CID 11951496.
- ^ Randall, K. J.; Ellison, M. J.; Yelich, J. V.; Price, W. J.; Johnson, T. N. (2022-05-01). "Managing Forbs Preferred by Greater Sage-Grouse and Soil Moisture in Mesic Meadows with Short-Duration Grazing". Rangeland Ecology & Management. 82: 66–75. doi:10.1016/j.rama.2022.02.008. ISSN 1550-7424. S2CID 247877434.
- ^ "Home". Working Lands For Wildlife. Retrieved 2023-05-05.
- ^ "Water Is Life: Introducing SGI's Mesic Habitat Conservation Strategy - Sage Grouse Initiative". Sage Grouse Initiative. 2017-04-05. Retrieved 2017-05-11.
- ^ "SGI Interactive Map". map.sagegrouseinitiative.com. Retrieved 2023-05-05.