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Reverted 1 edit by 2A02:587:5D06:8B00:1DB:7177:581E:D4F9 (talk): The article's title is Hymn to Liberty. I have no idea whether what you are saying is true, but this should match the title and the content of the article. Discuss on talk if you feel these should be changed.
 
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| sound = Greece national anthem.ogg
| sound = Greece national anthem.ogg
| sound_title = [[U.S. Navy Band]] instrumental version}}
| sound_title = [[U.S. Navy Band]] instrumental version}}
The "'''Hymn to Liberty'''",{{efn|{{lang-el|Ὕμνος εἰς τὴν Ἐλευθερίαν}}, {{transliteration|el|Hýmnos eis tin Eleftherían}}, {{IPA-el|ˈimnos is‿tin elefθeˈɾi.an|pron}}}} also known as the "'''Hymn to Freedom'''",{{efn|{{lang-el|Ὕμνος πρὸς τὴν Ἐλευθερίαν}}, {{transliteration|el|Hýmnos pros tin Eleftherían}}, {{IPA-el|ˈimnos pros‿tin elefθeˈɾi.an|pron}}}} is a [[Greek language|Greek]] poem written by [[Dionysios Solomos]] in 1823 and set to music by [[Nikolaos Mantzaros]] in 1828.
The "'''Hymn to Liberty'''",{{efn|{{langx|el|Ὕμνος εἰς τὴν Ἐλευθερίαν}}, {{transliteration|el|Hýmnos eis tin Eleftherían}}, {{IPA-el|ˈimnos is‿tin elefθeˈɾi.an|pron}}}} also known as the "'''Hymn to Freedom'''",{{efn|{{langx|el|Ὕμνος πρὸς τὴν Ἐλευθερίαν}}, {{transliteration|el|Hýmnos pros tin Eleftherían}}, {{IPA-el|ˈimnos pros‿tin elefθeˈɾi.an|pron}}}} is a [[Greek language|Greek]] poem written by [[Dionysios Solomos]] in 1823 and set to music by [[Nikolaos Mantzaros]] in 1828. It officially became the [[national anthem]] of [[Greece]] in 1864 and [[Cyprus]] in 1966. Consisting of 158 [[stanzas]] in total, is the longest national anthem in the world by length of text.<ref>{{cite web |title=Greece: Hymn to Liberty |url=http://www.nationalanthems.me/greece-hymn-to-liberty/ |access-date=7 April 2017 |publisher=NationalAnthems.me}}</ref>

It officially became the [[national anthem]] of [[Greece]] in 1864 and [[Cyprus]] in 1966. Consisting of 158 [[stanzas]] in total, is the longest national anthem in the world by length of text.<ref>{{cite web |title=Greece: Hymn to Liberty |url=http://www.nationalanthems.me/greece-hymn-to-liberty/ |access-date=7 April 2017 |publisher=NationalAnthems.me}}</ref>


== History ==
== History ==
{{multiple image
[[File:Solomos portrait 4.jpg|thumb|right|180px|Dionysios Solomos, author of the lyrics]]
|align = left
⚫
[[Dionysios Solomos]] wrote "Hymn to Liberty" in 1823 in [[Zakynthos]], and one year later it was printed in [[Messolonghi]].<ref name="Enc">{{Cite encyclopedia | last = Sklavos | first =G. |title=Ἐθνικός ὔμνος | trans-title = National anthem | pages = 244–247 | encyclopedia = Μεγάλη Ἐλληνικὴ Ἐγκυκλοπαιδεῖα, Τόμος Δέκατος. Ἑλλάς – Ἑλληνισμὸς |url= |location=[[Athens]] |publisher=Pyrsos Co. Ltd. |year=1934 |language=Greek }}</ref> In October 1824 it was published in London by the Philhellenic Committee, and an Italian translation was published in the Messolonghi newspaper ''[[Ellinika Chronika]]'' at about the same time.<ref name="Enc"/>
|image1 = Lytras - Execution of Gregory V.jpg
|width1 = 180
|alt1 =
|caption1 = Execution of [[Patriarch Gregory V of Constantinople]] by [[Nikiforos Lytras]]
|image2 = Panagiotis Kefalas by Hess.jpg
|width2 = 150
|alt2 =
⚫
|caption2 = [[Siege of Tripolitsa]] by [[Peter von Hess]]
|footer = }}

⚫
[[Dionysios Solomos]] wrote "Hymn to Liberty" in 1823 in [[Zakynthos]], and one year later it was printed in [[Messolonghi]].<ref name="Enc">{{Cite encyclopedia | last = Sklavos | first =G. |title=Ἐθνικός ὔμνος | trans-title = National anthem | pages = 244–247 | encyclopedia = Μεγάλη Ἐλληνικὴ Ἐγκυκλοπαιδεῖα, Τόμος Δέκατος. Ἑλλάς – Ἑλληνισμὸς |url= |location=[[Athens]] |publisher=Pyrsos Co. Ltd. |year=1934 |language=Greek }}</ref> In October 1824 it was published in London by the [[London Philhellenic Committee|Philhellenic Committee]], and an Italian translation was published in the Messolonghi newspaper ''[[Ellinika Chronika]]'' at about the same time.<ref name="Enc"/>


It was set to music in 1828 by the [[Corfiot]] [[opera]]tic composer [[Nikolaos Mantzaros]], who composed a choral versions, in 24 parts, and dedicated it to the first [[King of Greece]], [[Otto of Greece|Otto]].<ref name="Enc"/> Otto awarded Mantzaros with the Silver Cross of the [[Order of the Redeemer]] as a token of appreciation, but during Otto's reign (1832–1862), an anthem based on [[God Save the King]] was used, with a text glorifying Otto.<ref name="Enc"/>
It was set to music in 1828 by the [[Corfiot]] [[opera]]tic composer [[Nikolaos Mantzaros]], who composed a choral versions, in 24 parts, and dedicated it to the first [[King of Greece]], [[Otto of Greece|Otto]].<ref name="Enc"/> Otto awarded Mantzaros with the Silver Cross of the [[Order of the Redeemer]] as a token of appreciation, but during Otto's reign (1832–1862), an anthem based on [[God Save the King]] was used, with a text glorifying Otto.<ref name="Enc"/>
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== Lyrics ==
== Lyrics ==
[[File:Lytras - Execution of Gregory V.jpg|thumb|right|180px|Execution of [[Patriarch Gregory V of Constantinople]] by [[Nikiforos Lytras]]]]
[[File:Solomos portrait 4.jpg|thumb|right|180px|Dionysios Solomos, author of the lyrics]]
⚫
[[File:Panagiotis Kefalas by Hess.jpg|thumb|180px|[[Siege of Tripolitsa]] by [[Peter von Hess]]]]


Inspired by the [[Greek War of Independence]], Solomos wrote the hymn to honour the struggle of [[Greeks]] for independence after centuries of [[Ottoman Greece|Ottoman rule]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stixoi.info/stixoi.php?info=Lyrics&act=mobdetails&song_id=9262|website=stixoi|title=Ύμνος εις την Ελευθερίαν|access-date=2019-08-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sansimera.gr/anthology/140|title=Ύμνος εις την Ελευθερίαν|website=sansimera|access-date=2019-08-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Greek language, Modern|last=Papaloizos|first=Theodore|year=2009|isbn=978-0-932416-02-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rj0UvMokK7AC&q=Σε+γνωρίζω+από+την+κόψη+Του+σπαθιού+την+τρομερή,+Σε+γνωρίζω+από+την+όψη+Που+με+βία+μετρά+τη+γη.|access-date=2019-08-08}}</ref>
Inspired by the [[Greek War of Independence]], Solomos wrote the hymn to honour the struggle of [[Greeks]] for independence after centuries of [[Ottoman Greece|Ottoman rule]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stixoi.info/stixoi.php?info=Lyrics&act=mobdetails&song_id=9262|website=stixoi|title=Ύμνος εις την Ελευθερίαν|access-date=2019-08-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sansimera.gr/anthology/140|title=Ύμνος εις την Ελευθερίαν|website=sansimera|access-date=2019-08-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Greek language, Modern|last=Papaloizos|first=Theodore|year=2009|isbn=978-0-932416-02-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rj0UvMokK7AC&q=Σε+γνωρίζω+από+την+κόψη+Του+σπαθιού+την+τρομερή,+Σε+γνωρίζω+από+την+όψη+Που+με+βία+μετρά+τη+γη.|access-date=2019-08-08}}</ref>
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The following are the first 8 verses of the national anthem of Greece.<ref name=":0" />
The following are the first 8 verses of the national anthem of Greece.<ref name=":0" />


<div style="overflow-x:auto;">
{|class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable"
!Greek original<ref name="Enc"/>
!Greek original<ref name="Enc"/>
!Roman Greek
!Roman Greek
![[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] transcription{{efn|See [[Help:IPA/Greek]] and [[Modern Greek phonology]].}}
!IPA transcription{{efn|See [[Help:IPA/Greek]] and [[Modern Greek phonology]].}}
⚫
!English version<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=The National Anthem |url=https://www.presidency.gr/en/presidency/the-national-anthem/ |access-date=10 December 2023 |website=Presidency.gr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Poem of the Day: Hymn to Liberty by Rudyard Kipling|url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/life_style/arts_ents/14652246.poem-day-hymn-liberty-rudyard-kipling/|access-date=2021-12-30|website=HeraldScotland|date=30 July 2016 |language=en}}</ref><br />{{small|([[Rudyard Kipling]], 1918)}}
⚫
!Literal English translation<ref name="lyricstranslate.com">{{Cite web |title=National Anthems & Patriotic Songs - Greek & Cypriot National Anthem - Ýmnos is tin Eleftherían (long version) lyrics + English translation |url=https://lyricstranslate.com/en/greek-national-anthem-%C3%BDmnos-tin-elefther%C3%ADan-long-version-hymn-liberty.html |access-date=2023-01-19 |website=lyricstranslate.com |language=en}}</ref>
|- style="vertical-align:top; white-space:nowrap;"
|- style="vertical-align:top; white-space:nowrap;"
|<poem>{{lang|el|'''Σε γνωρίζω από την κόψη'''
|<poem>{{lang|el|'''Σε γνωρίζω από την κόψη'''
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𝄆 και εις το ρούχο σου έσταζ’ αίμα,
𝄆 και εις το ρούχο σου έσταζ’ αίμα,
πλήθος αίμα Ελληνικό. 𝄇}}</poem>
πλήθος αίμα Ελληνικό. 𝄇}}</poem>
|<poem>{{transliteration|el|italic=no|'''Se gnorízo apó tin kópsi'''
|<poem>{{lang|el-latn|italic=no|'''Se gnorízo apó tin kópsi'''
'''Tou spathioú tin tromerí,'''
'''Tou spathioú tin tromerí,'''
'''Se gnorízo apó tin ópsi,'''
'''Se gnorízo apó tin ópsi,'''
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𝄆 [c(e̞)‿is̠ to̞ ˈru.xo̞ ˈsu‿e̞s̠.ta̠z̠ ˈe̞.ma̠ {{!}}]
𝄆 [c(e̞)‿is̠ to̞ ˈru.xo̞ ˈsu‿e̞s̠.ta̠z̠ ˈe̞.ma̠ {{!}}]
[ˈpli.θo̞s̠ ˈe̞.ma̠(‿)e̞.li.ni.ˈko̞ ‖] 𝄇}}</poem>
[ˈpli.θo̞s̠ ˈe̞.ma̠(‿)e̞.li.ni.ˈko̞ ‖] 𝄇}}</poem>
|}</div>

<div style="overflow-x:auto;">
{|class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
⚫
!Poetic English translation<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=The National Anthem |url=https://www.presidency.gr/en/presidency/the-national-anthem/ |access-date=10 December 2023 |website=Presidency.gr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Poem of the Day: Hymn to Liberty by Rudyard Kipling|url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/life_style/arts_ents/14652246.poem-day-hymn-liberty-rudyard-kipling/|access-date=2021-12-30|website=HeraldScotland|date=30 July 2016 |language=en}}</ref><br />{{small|([[Rudyard Kipling]], 1918)}}
⚫
!Literal English translation<ref name="lyricstranslate.com">{{Cite web |title=National Anthems & Patriotic Songs - Greek & Cypriot National Anthem - Ýmnos is tin Eleftherían (long version) lyrics + English translation |url=https://lyricstranslate.com/en/greek-national-anthem-%C3%BDmnos-tin-elefther%C3%ADan-long-version-hymn-liberty.html |access-date=2023-01-19 |website=lyricstranslate.com |language=en}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=October 2024}}
|- style="vertical-align:top; white-space:nowrap;"
|<poem>'''We knew thee of old,'''
|<poem>'''We knew thee of old,'''
'''O, divinely restored,'''
'''O, divinely restored,'''
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'''From the bones taken out,'''
'''From the bones taken out,'''
'''the sacred (bones) of Greeks'''
'''the sacred ones of the Greeks'''
'''𝄆 And as first brave again,'''
'''𝄆 And, as at first, again emboldened,'''
'''Rejoice, oh rejoice, liberty! 𝄇'''
'''Rejoice, oh rejoice, liberty! 𝄇'''


There in you were living
Therein you were dwelling
Bitter, shy,
bitter, ashamed,
And a mouth you were awaiting,
And a mouth you were awaiting,
To tell you, "come again".
"Come again", should it tell you.


That day was slow to come,
Late came that day,
And it was all silent,
And everything was quiet,
𝄆 Because the bullying was overshadowing them
𝄆 Because the threat was overshadowing them
And the slavery was oppressing them. 𝄇
And slavery was crushing it. 𝄇


O sad one! Your only consolation
Unhappy one! Consolation
Alone was staying to tell you
Left was to speak
Of past glories
Past greatnesses
And narrating them to mourn.
And in recounting them, you'd cry.


And it was awaiting, and it was awaiting
And was awaiting, was awaiting
Freedom-loving speech.
Freedom-loving speech.
𝄆 One hand strikes the other
𝄆 One hand striking the other
Out of the hopelessness. 𝄇
Out of hopelessness. 𝄇


And you were saying: when, oh when do I get
And you were saying: when, oh when do I raise
My head out of these lonely places?
My head out of these lonely places?
And answering from above were
And answering from above came
Cries, chains, voices.
Cries, chains, voices.


Then you were raising your glance
Then you raised your glance
Into the tears, blurry.
Blurry from the tears,
𝄆 And into the clothing of yours was dripping blood,
𝄆 And into your clothes blood was dripping,
A lot of Greek blood. 𝄇</poem>
A mass of Greek blood. 𝄇</poem>
|}
|}</div>


== Uses ==
== Uses ==
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"Hymn to Liberty" has been the national anthem of [[Cyprus]] since 1966.<ref name="Presidency of the Republic of Cyprus – The National Anthem" />
"Hymn to Liberty" has been the national anthem of [[Cyprus]] since 1966.<ref name="Presidency of the Republic of Cyprus – The National Anthem" />


"Hymn to Liberty" has been performed at every [[Olympic Games ceremony#Closing|closing ceremony of the Olympic Games]], to pay tribute to Greece as the birthplace of the Olympic Games. Most renditions performed during the closing ceremonies are instrumental. The only Olympics where it was sung were in [[2000 Summer Olympics closing ceremony|Sydney]], [[2004 Summer Olympics closing ceremony|Athens]], and [[2010 Winter Olympics closing ceremony|Vancouver]].
"Hymn to Liberty" has been performed at every [[Olympic Games ceremony#Closing|closing ceremony of the Olympic Games]], to pay tribute to Greece as the birthplace of the Olympic Games. Most renditions performed during the closing ceremonies are instrumental. Until the [[2024 Summer Olympics closing ceremony]], the Greek anthem was sung for three times during the [[2000 Summer Olympics closing ceremony|Sydney]], [[2004 Summer Olympics closing ceremony|Athens]] (as Greece was the host country), and [[2010 Winter Olympics closing ceremony|Vancouver]].


The version commonly played by military bands is an arrangement composed by Lieutenant Colonel [[Margaritis Kastellis]] (1907–1979), former director of the Greek Music Corps.<ref>{{cite web|title=National Anthem|url=http://www.sse.gr/page_en.php?id=77|publisher=Hellenic Army Academy|access-date=30 January 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150209135154/http://www.sse.gr/page_en.php?id=77|archive-date=9 February 2015|df=dmy}}</ref>
The version commonly played by military bands is an arrangement composed by Lieutenant Colonel [[Margaritis Kastellis]] (1907–1979), former director of the Greek Music Corps.<ref>{{cite web|title=National Anthem|url=http://www.sse.gr/page_en.php?id=77|publisher=Hellenic Army Academy|access-date=30 January 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150209135154/http://www.sse.gr/page_en.php?id=77|archive-date=9 February 2015|df=dmy}}</ref>
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{{Cyprus topics}}
{{Cyprus topics}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Asian anthems]]
[[Category:Music of Cyprus]]
[[Category:Music of Cyprus]]
[[Category:Music of Greece]]
[[Category:Music of Greece]]

Latest revision as of 13:22, 6 November 2024

Hýmnos eis tin Eleftherían
Hýmnos pros tin Eleftherían
English: "Hymn to Liberty"
Ὕμνος εἰς τὴν Ἐλευθερίαν
Ὕμνος πρὸς τὴν Ἐλευθερίαν
1825 book cover
National anthem of Cyprus and Greece
LyricsDionysios Solomos, 1823
MusicNikolaos Chalikiopoulos Mantzaros, 1865
Adopted1864 (by Greece)[1]
1966 (by Cyprus)[2]
Audio sample
U.S. Navy Band instrumental version

The "Hymn to Liberty",[a] also known as the "Hymn to Freedom",[b] is a Greek poem written by Dionysios Solomos in 1823 and set to music by Nikolaos Mantzaros in 1828. It officially became the national anthem of Greece in 1864 and Cyprus in 1966. Consisting of 158 stanzas in total, is the longest national anthem in the world by length of text.[3]

History

[edit]
Execution of Patriarch Gregory V of Constantinople by Nikiforos Lytras
Siege of Tripolitsa by Peter von Hess

Dionysios Solomos wrote "Hymn to Liberty" in 1823 in Zakynthos, and one year later it was printed in Messolonghi.[1] In October 1824 it was published in London by the Philhellenic Committee, and an Italian translation was published in the Messolonghi newspaper Ellinika Chronika at about the same time.[1]

It was set to music in 1828 by the Corfiot operatic composer Nikolaos Mantzaros, who composed a choral versions, in 24 parts, and dedicated it to the first King of Greece, Otto.[1] Otto awarded Mantzaros with the Silver Cross of the Order of the Redeemer as a token of appreciation, but during Otto's reign (1832–1862), an anthem based on God Save the King was used, with a text glorifying Otto.[1]

After Otto's ouster in 1862, the "Hymn to Liberty" was adopted as the national and royal anthem of Greece in 1864.[1] The "Hymn to Liberty" was also adopted as the national anthem of Cyprus by order of the Council of Ministers in 1966.[4]

Lyrics

[edit]
Dionysios Solomos, author of the lyrics

Inspired by the Greek War of Independence, Solomos wrote the hymn to honour the struggle of Greeks for independence after centuries of Ottoman rule.[5][6][7]

"Hymn to Liberty" recounts the misery of the Greeks under the Ottomans and their hope for freedom. He describes different events of the War, such as the execution of Patriarch Gregory V of Constantinople, the reaction of the Great Powers, extensively the Siege of Tripolitsa and the Christian character of the struggle.

The following are the first 8 verses of the national anthem of Greece.[8]

Greek original[1] Roman Greek IPA transcription[c]

Σε γνωρίζω από την κόψη
Του σπαθιού την τρομερή,
Σε γνωρίζω από την όψη,
Που με βιά μετράει τη γη.

Απ’ τα κόκκαλα[d] βγαλμένη
Των Ελλήνων τα ιερά,
𝄆 Και σαν πρώτα ανδρειωμένη,
Χαίρε, ω χαίρε, ελευθεριά! 𝄇

Εκεί μέσα εκατοικούσες
πικραμένη, εντροπαλή,
κι ένα στόμα ακαρτερούσες,
«έλα πάλι», να σου πει.

Άργειε να 'λθει[e] εκείνη η μέρα,
Και[f] ήταν όλα σιωπηλά,
𝄆 γιατί τά 'σκιαζε η φοβέρα
και τα πλάκωνε η σκλαβιά. 𝄇

Δυστυχής! Παρηγορία
μόνη σου έμενε να λες
περασμένα μεγαλεία
και διηγώντας τα να κλαις.

Και ακαρτέρει, και ακαρτέρει
φιλελεύθερη λαλιά,
𝄆 ένα εκτύπαε τ’ άλλο χέρι
από την απελπισιά. 𝄇

Κι έλεες: «πότε, α! πότε βγάνω
το κεφάλι από τσ' ερμιές;»
Και[f] αποκρίνοντο από πάνω
κλάψες, άλυσες, φωνές.

Τότε εσήκωνες το βλέμμα
μες στα κλάιματα[g] θολό,
𝄆 και εις το ρούχο σου έσταζ’ αίμα,
πλήθος αίμα Ελληνικό. 𝄇

Se gnorízo apó tin kópsi
Tou spathioú tin tromerí,
Se gnorízo apó tin ópsi,
Pou me viá metráei ti gi.

Ap’ ta kókkala vgalméni
Ton Hellínon ta hierá,
𝄆 Kai san próta andreioméni,
Khaíre, o khaíre, eleftheriá! 𝄇

Ekeí mésa ekatoikoúses
pikraméni entropalí,
ki héna stóma akarteroúses,
«éla páli», na sou pei.

Árgeie ná ’lthei ekeíni hi méra,
Kai ítan hóla siopilá,
𝄆 giatí tá ’skiaze hi phovéra
kai ta plákone hi sklaviá. 𝄇

Dystykhís! Parigoría
móni sou émene na les
perasména megaleía
kai diigóntas ta na klais.

Kai akartérei, kai akartérei
phileléftheri laliá,
𝄆 héna ektýpae t’ állo khéri
apó tín apelpisiá. 𝄇

Ki élees: «póte, á! póte vgáno
to kepháli apó ts’ ermiés;»
Kai apokrínonto apó páno
klápses, hályses, phonés.

Tóte esíkones to vlémma
mes sta kláimata tholó,
𝄆 kai eis to roúkho sou éstaz’ haíma,
plíthos haíma Hellinikó. 𝄇

[s̠e̞‿ɣno̞.ˈɾi.z̠o̞‿a̠.ˈpo̞ tiŋ‿ˈɡo̞p̚.s̠i |]
[tu s̠pa̠θ.ˈçu tin‿dɾo̞.me̞.ˈɾi |]
[s̠e̞‿ɣno̞.ˈɾi.z̠o̞‿a̠.ˈpo̞ tin ˈo̞p̚.s̠i |]
[pu me̞ ˈvja̠ me̞.ˈtɾa̠i̯ ti ˈʝi ‖]

[a̠p ta̠ ˈko̞.ka̠.la̠‿vɣa̠l.ˈme̞.ni |]
[to̞n e̞.ˈli.no̞n‿da̠‿i̯.e̞.ˈɾa̠ |]
𝄆 [ˈce̞ s̠a̠m‿ˈbɾo̞.ta̠ a̠n̪ð.ɾjo̞.ˈme̞.ni |]
[ˈçe̞.ɾe̞‿o̞ ˈçe̞.ɾe̞ | e̞.le̞f.θe̞ɾ.ˈja̠ ‖] 𝄇

[e̞.ˈci ˈme̞.s̠a̠‿e̞.ka̠.ti.ˈku.s̠e̞s̠ |]
[pi.kɾa̠.ˈme̞.ni‿e̞n.tɾo̞.pa̠.ˈli |]
[ˈc‿e̞.na̠ ˈs̠to̞.m‿a̠.ka̠ɾ.te̞.ˈɾu.s̠e̞s̠ |]
[ˈe̞.la̠ ˈpa̠.li | na̠ s̠u pi ‖]

[ˈa̠ɾ.ʝe̞ ˈna̠l̪.θ(i)‿e̞.ˈci.n‿i ˈme̞.ɾa̠ |]
[ˈce̞‿i.ta̠n ˈo̞.la̠ s̠jo̞.pi.ˈla̠ |]
𝄆 [ʝa̠.ˈti ta̠ ˈs̠cja̠.z̠e̞‿i fo̞.ˈve̞.ɾa̠ |]
[ce̞ ta̠ ˈpla̠.ko̞.ne̞‿i s̠kla̠v.ˈja̠ ‖] 𝄇

[ðis̠.ti.ˈçis̠ pa̠.ɾi.ɣo̞.ˈɾi.a̠ |]
[ˈmo̞.ni ˈs̠u‿e̞.me̞.ne̞ na̠ le̞s̠ |]
[pe̞.ɾa̠.ˈz̠me̞.na̠ me̞.ɣa̠.ˈli.a̠ |]
[ce̞ ði.ˈɣo̞n.ta̠s̠ ta̠ na̠ kle̞s̠ ‖]

[c‿a̠.ka̠ɾ.ˈte̞.ɾi c‿a̠.ka̠ɾ.ˈte̞.ɾi |]
[fi.le̞.ˈle̞f.θe̞.ɾi la̠.ˈlja̠ |]
𝄆 [ˈe̞.na̠‿e̞k.ˈti.pa̠e̯ ˈt‿a̠.lo̞ ˈçe̞.ɾi |]
[a̠.ˈpo̞ tin a̠.pe̞l.pi.ˈs̠ja̠ ‖] 𝄇

[ˈc‿e̞.le̞s̠ ˈpo̞.te̞‿a̠ ˈpo̞.te̞‿ˈvɣa̠.no̞ |]
[to̞ ce̞.ˈfa̠.li‿a̠.ˈpo̞ ts̠‿e̞ɾ.ˈmje̞s̠ |]
[c‿a̠.po̞.ˈkɾi.no̞n.to̞‿a̠.ˈpo̞ ˈpa̠.no̞ |]
[ˈkla̠p̚.s̠e̞s̠ ˈa̠.li.s̠e̞s̠ | fo̞.ˈne̞s̠ ‖]

[ˈto̞.t‿e̞.ˈs̠i.ko̞.ne̞s̠ to̞ ˈvle̞.ma̠ |]
[me̞s̠ s̠ta̠ ˈkla̠j.ma̠.ta̠ ˈθo̞.lo̞ |]
𝄆 [c(e̞)‿is̠ to̞ ˈru.xo̞ ˈsu‿e̞s̠.ta̠z̠ ˈe̞.ma̠ |]
[ˈpli.θo̞s̠ ˈe̞.ma̠(‿)e̞.li.ni.ˈko̞ ‖] 𝄇

Poetic English translation[8][18]
(Rudyard Kipling, 1918) 		Literal English translation[19][better source needed]

We knew thee of old,
O, divinely restored,
By the lights of thine eyes,
And the light of thy Sword.

From the graves of our slain,
Shall thy valor prevail,
𝄆 as we greet thee again,
Hail, Liberty! Hail! 𝄇

Long time didst thou dwell
Mid the peoples that mourn,
Awaiting some voice
That should bid thee return.

Ah, slow broke that day
And no man dared call,
𝄆 For the shadow of tyranny
Lay over all: 𝄇

Yet, behold now thy sons
With impetuous breath
𝄆 Go forth to the fight
Seeking Freedom or Death. 𝄇

And we saw thee sad-eyed,
The tears on thy cheeks
𝄆 While thy raiment was dyed
In the blood of the Greeks. 𝄇

I know you from the blade
Of the sword, the terrifying [blade],
I know you from the appearance,
Which, with force, measures the earth.

From the bones taken out,
the sacred ones of the Greeks
𝄆 And, as at first, again emboldened,
Rejoice, oh rejoice, liberty! 𝄇

Therein you were dwelling
Bitter, shy,
And a mouth you were awaiting,
To tell you, "come again".

That day was slow to come,
And everything was quiet,
𝄆 Because the threat was overshadowing them
And slavery was crushing it. 𝄇

O sad one! Your only consolation
Left was to speak
Of past glories
And in recounting them, you'd cry.

And was awaiting, was awaiting
Freedom-loving speech.
𝄆 One hand striking the other
Out of hopelessness. 𝄇

And you were saying: when, oh when do I raise
My head out of these lonely places?
And answering from above came
Cries, chains, voices.

Then you raised your glance
Blurry from the tears,
𝄆 And into your clothes blood was dripping,
A mass of Greek blood. 𝄇

Uses

[edit]

An adapted version was used during the short-lived Cretan State as the Cretan Anthem. The "Hymn to Liberty" had been the Greek royal anthem after 1864.

"Hymn to Liberty" has been the national anthem of Cyprus since 1966.[2]

"Hymn to Liberty" has been performed at every closing ceremony of the Olympic Games, to pay tribute to Greece as the birthplace of the Olympic Games. Most renditions performed during the closing ceremonies are instrumental. Until the 2024 Summer Olympics closing ceremony, the Greek anthem was sung for three times during the Sydney, Athens (as Greece was the host country), and Vancouver.

The version commonly played by military bands is an arrangement composed by Lieutenant Colonel Margaritis Kastellis (1907–1979), former director of the Greek Music Corps.[20]

Notes

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  1. ^ Greek: Ὕμνος εἰς τὴν Ἐλευθερίαν, Hýmnos eis tin Eleftherían, pronounced [ˈimnos is‿tin elefθeˈɾi.an]
  2. ^ Greek: Ὕμνος πρὸς τὴν Ἐλευθερίαν, Hýmnos pros tin Eleftherían, pronounced [ˈimnos pros‿tin elefθeˈɾi.an]
  3. ^ See Help:IPA/Greek and Modern Greek phonology.
  4. ^ Sometimes written κόκαλα,[9] a more modern form.
  5. ^ Written variously, including as να 'λθη[10] and νάλθη.[11] Έλθει is the modern formal third person singular perfective, also used in subjunctive compounds with να.
  6. ^ a b Occasionally, the abbreviated variant κι is used.[12][13]
  7. ^ Also written κλάυματα,[14] κλάηματα[15] and κλάματα.[16][17]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g Sklavos, G. (1934). "Ἐθνικός ὔμνος" [National anthem]. Μεγάλη Ἐλληνικὴ Ἐγκυκλοπαιδεῖα, Τόμος Δέκατος. Ἑλλάς – Ἑλληνισμὸς (in Greek). Athens: Pyrsos Co. Ltd. pp. 244–247.
  2. ^ a b "Presidency of the Republic of Cyprus – The National Anthem". Archived from the original on 3 May 2011. Retrieved 14 February 2011.
  3. ^ "Greece: Hymn to Liberty". NationalAnthems.me. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
  4. ^ "National Anthem". Archived from the original on 13 August 2011. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
  5. ^ "Ύμνος εις την Ελευθερίαν". stixoi. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
  6. ^ "Ύμνος εις την Ελευθερίαν". sansimera. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
  7. ^ Papaloizos, Theodore (2009). Greek language, Modern. ISBN 978-0-932416-02-5. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
  8. ^ a b "The National Anthem". Presidency.gr. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  9. ^ "Orthodoxy in Modern Greek Poetry". www.myriobiblos.gr. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
  10. ^ Moleas, Wendy (25 March 2004). The Development of the Greek Language. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 84. ISBN 978-1-85399-675-7.
  11. ^ Kolias, Nina K. (1997). The Greeks in Alberta, 1903–1995. N.K. Kolias. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-9681616-0-9.
  12. ^ "Ύμνος εις την Ελευθερίαν". Sansimera.
  13. ^ "Διονύσιος Σολωμός, "Ο Ύμνος εις την Ελευθερίαν"". ebooks.edu.gr. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
  14. ^ "Υμνος εις την Ελευθερίαν" (PDF). digital.mmb.org.gr. 1918. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
  15. ^ Genikē anthologia: poiēseōs & pezographias (in Greek). S.D. Dēmētrakos. 1965. p. 219.
  16. ^ "Σπουδαστήριο Νέου Ελληνισμού - Σολωμός Διονύσιος - Solomos". www.snhell.gr. Retrieved 30 December 2021.
  17. ^ "Ύμνος εις την Ελευθερίαν". Stixoi.
  18. ^ "Poem of the Day: Hymn to Liberty by Rudyard Kipling". HeraldScotland. 30 July 2016. Retrieved 30 December 2021.
  19. ^ "National Anthems & Patriotic Songs - Greek & Cypriot National Anthem - Ýmnos is tin Eleftherían (long version) lyrics + English translation". lyricstranslate.com. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
  20. ^ "National Anthem". Hellenic Army Academy. Archived from the original on 9 February 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
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