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{{Short description|A Military coup that happen in Thailand on April 6 1948}}
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[[File:ควง อภิปราย 2490.jpg|thumb|Khuang Aphaiwong in 1947]]
{{Infobox military conflict
'''Siamese coup d'état of 1948''' ({{lang|th|รัฐประหารในประเทศไทย พ.ศ. 2491}}) occurred on the morning of Tuesday 6 April 1948, a coup by the same group of people that led the coup [[Rear admiral]] [[Thawan Thamrongnawasawat]] on 8 November 1947. That is, a group of people who support [[Field Marshal]] [[Plaek Phibulsongkram]], former Prime Minister who was vacated after the end [[World War II]].
| conflict = 1948 Thai Silent Coup
| image =
| caption =
| width =
| date = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1948|4|6}}
| place = [[Bangkok]], [[Siam]]
| result =
* [[Phibun]] became Prime Minister
| combatant1 = {{flagicon image|Seal of the Office of the Prime Minister of Thailand.svg}} Khuang cabinet
| combatant2 = [[National Military Council of Thailand|National Military Council (NMC)]]<br>{{Armed forces|Thailand}}
| commander1 = {{flagicon image|Seal of the Office of the Prime Minister of Thailand.svg}} [[Khuang Aphaiwong]]
| commander2 = {{flagicon|Thailand|military}} [[Phibun]]
}}
The '''1948 Thai coup d'état''' was a military coup on 6 April by the [[1947 Thai coup d'état|1947 coup]] [[National Military Council of Thailand|group]]. [[Khuang Aphaiwong]], royalist allied, was forced to resign from [[Prime Minister of Thailand|prime minister]], and was replaced by [[Phibun]], the junta leader.


== Coup ==
==Background==
In 1947, a [[1947 Thai coup d'état|coup d'état]] ousted the government of [[Pridi Banomyong]]'s front man, [[Thawan Thamrongnawasawat|Luang Thamrong]], who was replaced by [[Khuang Abhaiwongse|Khuang Aphaiwong]], royalist supporter, as [[Prime Minister of Thailand]]. The coup was led by military supreme leader, [[Phibun]], and [[Phin Choonhavan]] and [[Kat Katsongkhram]], allied with the [[Chakri dynasty|royalists]] to regain their political power and the [[Crown Property Bureau|Crown Property]] back from the [[Siamese revolution of 1932]]. An influence of the [[People's Party (Thailand, 1927)|People Party]] ended as Pridi left the country on exile.{{sfn|Chaiching|2010}}
After the group of soldiers led by Lieutenant General [[Phin Choonhavan]] (the rank of that time) conducted a military coup, [[Rear admiral]] [[Thawan Thamrongnawasawat]], on 8 November 1947. Then appointed Major [[Khuang Aphaiwong]], the leader of the [[Democrat Party (Thailand)|Democrat Party]]. Opposition Party in the [[House of Representatives (Thailand)|House of Representatives]], acting as Prime Minister to manage the general election of members of the House of Representatives.


== Prelude ==
Later in the election, 29 January 1948, the Democrat Party, able to win the election to receive the highest voice in the House of Commons. Amidst an environment that indicates the true authority is [[Field Marshal]] [[Plaek Phibulsongkram]], the national military commander. Which the coup committee appointed to hold this position and provide support. And there is a possibility that there may be a coup d'etat. Because both before and after the election with the efforts of a group of people Trying to prevent Major Khuang Aphaiwong Prime Minister to the point of being granted an audience with [[His Royal Highness]] [[Dhani Nivat]] president of the [[Privy Council (Thailand)|Privy Council]]. In order not to appoint Major Khuang but Prince Dhani Nivat has responded to let it be a process of the council, and the government of Major Khuang There was a conflict with the junta. Regarding the appointment of Maj. Gen. [[Phao Sriyanond]], Deputy Chief of Police, one of the members of the coup committee was Deputy [[Minister of Interior]]. But the Minister of Interior, [[Chit Mansilp Sinardyotharak]], did not agree. Since the coup after the new coup announced that it would not interfere with the government's work. In all this, Gen. Kat Katsongkhram, the deputy leader of the coup, announced that not true and the junta did not want to take another coup again.
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[[File:ควง อภิปราย 2490.jpg|thumb|left|Khuang in Parliament, 1947]]
In the [[1948 Siamese general election|election on 29 January 1948]], the [[Democrat Party (Thailand)|Democrat Party]] led by Khuang, won the election with a help from the [[Chakri dynasty|royalists]]. Khuang felt confidence over the winning and started to return the political power to the [[Monarchy of Thailand|monarch]].{{sfn|Chaiching|2009|p=71-72}}


⚫
Shortly after the election, a group of people called themself "The Democratic Council", consists of a group of politicians led by [[Phraya Thephatsadin]], including members of the Democrat Party such as Luan Pong-sophon, Phong Sittitham, Liang Chaikan, supported [[Phibun]] by writing down on the sign, "Supporting Field Marshal Forever." They gathered at [[Sanam Luang]] and Lumphini Park, and hunted a list of people to support Phibun.{{Citation needed|date=January 2022}}
[[File:สวัสดิ์ สวัสดิ์รณชัย สวัสดิเกียรติ.jpg|thumb]]


Eventually, the royalist government made a law that increase the power to control the [[Crown Property Bureau|Crown Property]] by the monarch as the restoration of their political power and assets, which was taken to the state property by the [[People's Party (Thailand, 1927)|People Party]] from the [[Siamese revolution of 1932]]. Additionally, former Queen [[Rambai Barni|Rambhai Barni]] was returned the 6 million baht that the People Party seized.{{sfn|Chaiching|2010|p=167}}
[[File:ละม้าย อุทยานนท์.jpg|thumb]]


The [[People's Party (Thailand, 1927)|People Party]] and the [[National Military Council of Thailand|junta]] had set-up meetings several times that they wanted Phibun and Pridi working together again, to counter the royalists intention to revive an [[absolute monarchy]] system. The junta wanted to amend the [[Constitution of Thailand#1947 charter|1947 interim constitution]] and tracked the royalists' activities. [[Rangsit Prayurasakdi]], the regent, was dissatisfied by Phibun direction to revive the People Party back.{{sfn|Chaiching|2009|p=75-76}}
⚫
Shortly after the election Have a group of people Call yourself "The Democratic Council" consists of a group of politicians led by Lieutenant General Phraya Thephasadin, including The MPs of the Democrat Party also own a part, such as Mr. Luan Pong-sophon, Mr. Phong Sittitham, Mr. Liang Chaikan, together to support the Field Marshal Plaek Phibulsongkram By writing down on the sign that it would be requested "Supporting Field Marshal Forever", which this group of people have gathered together at [[Sanam Luang]] and Lumphini Park, and have hunted a list of people to support Field Marshal Plaek Phibulsongkram


==Coup==
After that, on April 6, 1948, at about 09.00 hrs, which is on Chakri Day, which is a public holiday. A group of 4 officers consisting of Pol.Col. Kan Chamnong Phumiwet, Major General Sawat Sawatdironnachai Sawatdikeat, Col. Khun Silapasornchai and Pol. Lamai Uthayananon dressed in going to meet the swordsman, holding a gun, met Major Khuang Aphaiwong at a guesthouse in the alley opposite the [[National Stadium]], claiming that he had paid 28 million baht for expenses on his way back from [[Keng Tung]] after the end of the world war. Major Khuang which had previously been disbursed from the Ministry of Finance in the amount of 9 Million baht, but Major Khuang refused to pay, This is a conflict between Major Khuang and this group of soldiers already. Which made earlier that there was a rumor that a coup would occur and finally, requesting that Mr Khuang resign from the Prime Minister's interior 24 hours, claiming that the military coup d'etat, 8 November 1947, saw that Mr Wong's government could not solve the economic problems of the nation that had fallen. Especially in the cost of living that has skyrocketed
On 6 April 1948, at 09.00 am. A group of four officers consisting of Kan Chamnong Phumiwet, Sawat Sawatdironnachai Sawatdikeat, Khun Silapasornchai and Lamai Uthayananon confronted prime minister Khuang at his house, claiming that Khuang had a debt of 28 million baht for expenses on his way back from [[Kengtung]] after the end of the [[World War II]]. Khuang had paid back to the Ministry of Finance in the amount of 9 Million baht, but Major Khuang refused to pay another. They requested Khuang to resign from the Prime Minister in 24 hours with a reason that Mr Wong's government could not solve the economic problems of the nation that had fallen. Especially in the cost of living that has skyrocketed.{{Citation needed|date=January 2022}}


When this group of soldiers returned, at noon, Major Khuang sent a confederate soldier to meet the senior military officer who was the leader of the coup on 8 November 1947 at the [[Suankularb Palace]], which was the command base. To ask for confirmation on this matter, but was not found later at 14.00 hrs. Lt.Gen. [[Phin Choonhavan]], the leader of the coup d'etat, traveled to meet Major Khuang by himself to the house. And confirm the needs of the military officers. Major Khuang tried to contact with Naval commander, and the air commander for protection but not as a result. Major Khuang called the cabinet meeting all at the house to get to know the attitude. Even Mr Boon Teng Tong Sawat, Minister of Government Affairs, Ministry of Interior confirmed that he would order the police to arrest this group of military officers as a rebellion. With fear that it would cause bloodshed In addition, MR Khukrit Pramoj, the Minister of Finance, confirmed that the government could not reduce the cost of living down to the real coup d'etat.
At noon, Khuang sent a confederate soldier to meet the senior military officer who was the leader of the coup on 8 November 1947 at the [[Suankularb Palace]], which was the command base. To ask for confirmation on this matter, but was not found later at 14.00 hrs. [[Phin Choonhavan]], one of the leaders of the coup d'etat, traveled to meet Khuang by himself to the house. Khuang tried to contact with Naval commander, and the air commander for protection but no response. Khuang called the cabinet meeting at the house. Ministry of Interior ordered the police to arrest this group of military officers as a rebellion. [[Kukrit Pramoj]], the Minister of Finance, confirmed that the government could not reduce the cost of living down.{{Citation needed|date=January 2022}}


At the end of 16.00 hrs., The meeting had drafted the resignation of Major Khuang and resigned from the Prime Minister on 8 April 1948 and the end of April, That same year, The Cabinet passed a resolution for [[Field Marshal]] [[Plaek Phibulsongkram]] to continue as Prime Minister. Is the beginning of the reign of the new Marshal Plaek. Lasted almost 10 years
At the end of 16.00 hrs., Khuang resigned from the Prime Minister. Phibun continued as Prime Minister. [[Rangsit Prayurasakdi]] was disappointed as he tried to help Khuang by denying the resignation letter. Rangsit also ordered [[Senate of Thailand|Senates]] to stop the resignation but it could not stop that.{{sfn|Chaiching|2009|p=77}}


==References==
Due to this coup, was done internally using only a few military officers. Without moving any personnel to make it known "Silent Coup", which the media at that time called this event "Hijacking the Prime Minister"
{{reflist|32em}}


== References ==
===Bibliography===
{{Reflist}}
{{Refbegin|32em}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Chaiching |first1=Nattapoll |title=Thai Politics in Phibun" s Government under the US World Order (1948-1957) |date=2009 |url=https://act4dem.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/การเมืองไทยสมัยรัฐบาลจอมพล-ป.ณัฐพล-ใจจริง.pdf |publisher=Chulalongkorn University |language=th }}{{Dead link|date=June 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Chaiching |first1=Nattapoll |editor1-last=Ivarsson |editor1-first=Søren |editor2-last=Isager |editor2-first=Lotte |title=The Monarchy and the royalist Movement in Modern Thai politics, 1932–1957 |journal=Saying the Unsayable: Monarchy and Democracy in Thailand |date=2010 |pages=147–178 |url=http://norden.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A856847&dswid=3100 |publisher=NIAS Press}}
{{Refend}}


{{History of Thailand 1932 - 1973}}
{{ThaiCoups}}


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[[Category:1948 in Thailand|Coup d'état]]

[[Category:1940s in Thailand]]

[[Category:Conflicts in 1948|Thai coup d'état]]

[[Category:Military coups in Thailand|1948]]

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[[Category:1948 in Thailand]]

Latest revision as of 08:56, 5 November 2024

1948 Thai Silent Coup
Date6 April 1948; 76 years ago (1948-04-06)
Location
Bangkok, Siam
Result
Belligerents
Khuang cabinet National Military Council (NMC)
 Royal Thai Armed Forces
Commanders and leaders
Khuang Aphaiwong Thailand Phibun

The 1948 Thai coup d'état was a military coup on 6 April by the 1947 coup group. Khuang Aphaiwong, royalist allied, was forced to resign from prime minister, and was replaced by Phibun, the junta leader.

Background

[edit]

In 1947, a coup d'état ousted the government of Pridi Banomyong's front man, Luang Thamrong, who was replaced by Khuang Aphaiwong, royalist supporter, as Prime Minister of Thailand. The coup was led by military supreme leader, Phibun, and Phin Choonhavan and Kat Katsongkhram, allied with the royalists to regain their political power and the Crown Property back from the Siamese revolution of 1932. An influence of the People Party ended as Pridi left the country on exile.[1]

Prelude

[edit]
Khuang in Parliament, 1947

In the election on 29 January 1948, the Democrat Party led by Khuang, won the election with a help from the royalists. Khuang felt confidence over the winning and started to return the political power to the monarch.[2]

Shortly after the election, a group of people called themself "The Democratic Council", consists of a group of politicians led by Phraya Thephatsadin, including members of the Democrat Party such as Luan Pong-sophon, Phong Sittitham, Liang Chaikan, supported Phibun by writing down on the sign, "Supporting Field Marshal Forever." They gathered at Sanam Luang and Lumphini Park, and hunted a list of people to support Phibun.[citation needed]

Eventually, the royalist government made a law that increase the power to control the Crown Property by the monarch as the restoration of their political power and assets, which was taken to the state property by the People Party from the Siamese revolution of 1932. Additionally, former Queen Rambhai Barni was returned the 6 million baht that the People Party seized.[3]

The People Party and the junta had set-up meetings several times that they wanted Phibun and Pridi working together again, to counter the royalists intention to revive an absolute monarchy system. The junta wanted to amend the 1947 interim constitution and tracked the royalists' activities. Rangsit Prayurasakdi, the regent, was dissatisfied by Phibun direction to revive the People Party back.[4]

Coup

[edit]

On 6 April 1948, at 09.00 am. A group of four officers consisting of Kan Chamnong Phumiwet, Sawat Sawatdironnachai Sawatdikeat, Khun Silapasornchai and Lamai Uthayananon confronted prime minister Khuang at his house, claiming that Khuang had a debt of 28 million baht for expenses on his way back from Kengtung after the end of the World War II. Khuang had paid back to the Ministry of Finance in the amount of 9 Million baht, but Major Khuang refused to pay another. They requested Khuang to resign from the Prime Minister in 24 hours with a reason that Mr Wong's government could not solve the economic problems of the nation that had fallen. Especially in the cost of living that has skyrocketed.[citation needed]

At noon, Khuang sent a confederate soldier to meet the senior military officer who was the leader of the coup on 8 November 1947 at the Suankularb Palace, which was the command base. To ask for confirmation on this matter, but was not found later at 14.00 hrs. Phin Choonhavan, one of the leaders of the coup d'etat, traveled to meet Khuang by himself to the house. Khuang tried to contact with Naval commander, and the air commander for protection but no response. Khuang called the cabinet meeting at the house. Ministry of Interior ordered the police to arrest this group of military officers as a rebellion. Kukrit Pramoj, the Minister of Finance, confirmed that the government could not reduce the cost of living down.[citation needed]

At the end of 16.00 hrs., Khuang resigned from the Prime Minister. Phibun continued as Prime Minister. Rangsit Prayurasakdi was disappointed as he tried to help Khuang by denying the resignation letter. Rangsit also ordered Senates to stop the resignation but it could not stop that.[5]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Chaiching 2010.
  2. ^ Chaiching 2009, p. 71-72.
  3. ^ Chaiching 2010, p. 167.
  4. ^ Chaiching 2009, p. 75-76.
  5. ^ Chaiching 2009, p. 77.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Chaiching, Nattapoll (2009). "Thai Politics in Phibun" s Government under the US World Order (1948-1957)" (PDF) (in Thai). Chulalongkorn University. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)[permanent dead link‍]
  • Chaiching, Nattapoll (2010). Ivarsson, Søren; Isager, Lotte (eds.). "The Monarchy and the royalist Movement in Modern Thai politics, 1932–1957". Saying the Unsayable: Monarchy and Democracy in Thailand. NIAS Press: 147–178.
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