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Coordinates: 33°0′2″N 35°42′3″E / 33.00056°N 35.70083°E / 33.00056; 35.70083
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{{short description|Abandoned Syrian village in the Golan Heights}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| name = El-Ahmediye<ref name="Türkmen"/>
<!--See Template:Infobox Settlement for additional fields that may be available-->
| native_name = الاحمدية
<!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage-->
| native_name_lang = ar
<!-- Basic info ---------------->
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|name = El-Ahmediye<ref name="Türkmen"/><!-- at least one of the first two fields must be filled in -->
| pushpin_map = Syria Golan
| native_name = الاحمدية<!-- if different from the English name -->
| pushpin_map_caption = Al-Ahmadiyah in Syria
| native_name_lang = ar
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| subdivision_name = {{flag|Syria}}
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| subdivision_type1 = [[Governorates of Syria|Governorate]]
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| subdivision_name1 = [[Quneitra Governorate|Quneitra]]
|settlement_type = <!--such as Town, Village, City, Borough etc.-->
| subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of Syria|District]]
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| subdivision_type3 = [[Nahiyah|Subdistrict]]
<!-- images and maps ----------->
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| subdivision_name4 = [[Golan Heights]]
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| extinct_title = Destroyed
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| extinct_date = 1968
| coordinates = {{coord|33|0|2|N|35|42|3|E|region:SY|display=inline,title}}
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| grid_position = 216/267 [[Palestine grid|PAL]]
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'''El-Ahmediye''' ({{langx|ar|الاحمدية|Al-Ahmadiyah}}) also known as '''el-Hamediyeh''' or '''Ammudiya''', is a former [[Syria]]n village in the central [[Golan Heights]], 15 kilometers southeast of [[Lake Hula]].<ref name="Applebaum">{{harvnb|Applebaum|1989|p=53}}</ref> It was populated during the [[Israeli-occupied territories|Israeli occupation]] of the Golan Heights during the 1967 [[Six-Day War]]. The village spread over two low-lying hills surrounded by springs. The [[Israeli settlement]] of [[Qatzrin]] was established two kilometres to the south. Al-Ahmadiyah's previous inhabitants had predominantly been [[Syrian Turks|Turkoman]]s.<ref name="Türkmen">{{cite report|chapter=Günümüzde [[Syrian Turkmen|Suriye Türkmenleri]] {{in lang|tr}}|url=http://www.orsam.org.tr/tr/trUploads/Yazilar/Dosyalar/2013320_83t.pdf|title=Suriye'de Değişimin Ortaya Çıkardığı Toplum: Suriye Türkmenleri|work=ORSAM Ortadoğu Türkmenleri Programı|issue=14|location=Ankara|date=November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151005153702/http://www.orsam.org.tr/tr/trUploads/Yazilar/Dosyalar/2013320_83t.pdf |archive-date=2015-10-05 }}</ref><ref name="Urman455">{{harvnb|Urman|1998|p=455}}</ref>
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<!-- Location ------------------>
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'''El-Ahmediye''' ({{lang-ar|الاحمدية|Al-Ahmadiyah}}) also known as '''el-Hamediyeh''' or '''Ammudiya''', is a former [[Syria]]n village in the central [[Golan Heights]], 15 kilometers southeast of [[Lake Hula]].<ref name="Applebaum"/> It was populated during the [[Israeli-occupied territories|Israeli occupation]] of the Golan Heights during the 1967 [[Six-Day War]]. The village spread over two low-lying hills surrounded by springs. The [[Israeli settlement]] of [[Qatzrin]] was established two kilometers to the south. Al-Ahmadiyah's previous inhabitants had predominantly been [[Syrian Turks|Turkoman]]s.<ref name="Türkmen">Günümüzde [[Syrian Turkmen|Suriye Türkmenleri]] {{in lang|tr}} – [https://web.archive.org/web/20151005153702/http://www.orsam.org.tr/tr/trUploads/Yazilar/Dosyalar/2013320_83t.pdf Suriye’de Değişimin Ortaya Çıkardığı Toplum: Suriye Türkmenleri.] ORSAM Rapor № 83. ORSAM – Ortadoğu Türkmenleri Programı Rapor № 14. Ankara – November 2011.</ref><ref name="Urman455">Urman, 1998, p. 455.</ref>


==History and archaeology==
==History and archaeology==
===Archaeological investigation===
===Archaeological investigation===
The first archaeological survey of al-Ahmadiyah was undertaken by [[Gottlieb Schumacher]] in 1884.<ref name="Urman455"/> He noted that the villages stood at the foot of a hill, Shuwaikah, which contained ancient remains, dated by Schumacher to the [[Roman Empire|Roman]] era, as indicated by the carved stone reliefs of [[Roman eagle]]s and other animals.<ref>Schumacher, 1888, p. 70.</ref> Another survey, in 1968, this time by Israeli archaeologist [[Shmarya Guttman]], found items from the [[Hellenistic]] period, and more [[sherd]]s from the Roman and [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] periods. Guttman determined that te size of the ancient settlement spanned 35 [[dunam]]s.<ref>Urman, 1998, p. 456.</ref>
The first archaeological survey of al-Ahmadiyah was undertaken by [[Gottlieb Schumacher]] in 1884.<ref name="Urman455"/> He noted that the villages stood at the foot of a hill, Shuwaikah, which contained ancient remains, dated by Schumacher to the [[Roman Empire|Roman]] era, as indicated by the carved stone reliefs of [[Roman eagle]]s and other animals.<ref name="Schumacher70">{{harvnb|Schumacher|1888|p=70}}</ref> Another survey, in 1968, this time by Israeli archaeologist [[Shmarya Guttman]], found items from the [[Hellenistic]] period, and more [[sherd]]s from the Roman and [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] periods. Guttman determined that the size of the ancient settlement spanned 35 [[dunam]]s.{{sfn|Urman|1998|p=456}}


===Roman and Byzantine periods===
===Roman and Byzantine periods===
Schumacher noted in 1884 the presence of zoomorphic stone reliefs from the Roman period, such as Roman eagles.<ref>Schumacher, 1888, p. 70.</ref> The remains of two ancient [[synagogue]] have been discovered at al-Ahmadiyah, which is possibly the site of the ancient [[Roman Jews|Roman Jewish]] settlement of Ecbatana.<ref name="Applebaum">Applebaum, p. 53.</ref> A number of artifacts indicate Jewish settlement in the village during the 4th century CE, such as one containing a relief of nine-branched [[Menorah (Hanukkah)|menorah]].<ref name="Urman455"/><ref>Urman, 1998, p. 461.</ref>
Schumacher noted in 1884 the presence of zoomorphic stone reliefs from the Roman period, such as Roman eagles.<ref name="Schumacher70"/> The remains of two ancient [[synagogue]] have been discovered at al-Ahmadiyah, which is possibly the site of the ancient [[Roman Jews|Roman Jewish]] settlement of Ecbatana.<ref name="Applebaum"/> Several artifacts indicate Jewish settlement in the village during the 4th century CE, such as one containing a relief of nine-branched [[Menorah (Hanukkah)|menorah]].<ref name="Urman455"/>{{sfn|Urman|1998|p=461}}


===Early Muslim period===
===Early Muslim period===
Sherds dating to the [[Caliphate|Islamic era]], particularly the [[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyad]] and [[Abbasid Caliphate|Abbasid]] periods, were also found in the village.{{cn|date=September 2020}}
Sherds dating to the [[Caliphate|Islamic era]], particularly the [[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyad]] and [[Abbasid Caliphate|Abbasid]] periods, were also found in the village.{{cn|date=September 2020}}


===Ottoman period===
===19th century Turkoman village===
In 1596, Al-Ahmadiyah appeared in the [[Ottoman Syria|Ottoman]] [[Defter|tax registers]] as '' al-Amudiyya''; part of the ''[[nahiya]]'' of ''Butayha'' in the [[Sanjak of Hauran]]. It had an entirely [[Muslim]] population consisting of 15 households and 10 bachelors. The villagers paid a fixed tax rate of 25% on various agricultural products, including [[wheat]] (2100 [[akçe]]), [[barley]] (450), summer crops (450), goats and beehives (100), in addition to "occasional revenues"(100); a total of 3,200 [[akçe]]. All of the revenue went to a [[waqf]].{{sfn|Hütteroth|Abdulfattah|1977|p=195}}
Schumacher noted in 1884<ref name="Urman455"/> that the village, poorly built, was inhabited by some 70 [[Syrian Turks|Turkoman]]s living in twelve hut-like houses. They cultivated various types of vegetables. It was situated at the bottom of a hill containing ruins known as Shuwaikah. The residents had utilized the stones of these ruins to build al-Ahmadiyah.<ref>Schumacher, 1888, p. 70.</ref>

Schumacher noted in 1884<ref name="Urman455"/> that the village, poorly built, was inhabited by some 70 [[Syrian Turks|Turkoman]]s living in twelve hut-like houses. They cultivated various types of vegetables. It was situated at the bottom of a hill containing ruins known as Shuwaikah. The residents had utilized the stones of these ruins to build al-Ahmadiyah.<ref name="Schumacher70"/>


===1967 war and aftermath===
===1967 war and aftermath===
Israel occupied al-Ahmadiyah and the Golan Heights after driving out the [[Syrian Army]] from the area during the [[Six-Day War]] in 1967. In 1968 it demolished the town as witnessed by [[United Nations]] military observers.<ref>[The Arab-Israel conflict and the UN: the 1967 round: prelude, June War, Jarring mission]. (1969). International Review Service. p. 93.</ref> A Syrian diplomatic representative issued a complaint about the village's destruction.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?ei=ROZcUcLwFpL68QTB3oAw&id=IRlIAAAAMAAJ&dq=Ahmediyeh+1967&q=Ahmediye#search_anchor International Documents on Palestine]. (1973) ''Muʼassasat al-Dirāsāt al-Filasṭīnīyah-University of Kuwait.'' [[Institute for Palestine Studies]]. p. 633.</ref> During the [[Yom Kippur War]], in October 1973, al-Ahmadiyah was one of three places where the Syrian Army launched major drives against as their forces moved across the Golan's mountainous plains. The other two places were [[Khishniyah]] and [[Al-Rafid, Syria|al-Rafid]].<ref>Barker, 1980, p. 123.</ref>
Israel occupied al-Ahmadiyah and the Golan Heights after driving out the [[Syrian Army]] from the area during the [[Six-Day War]] in 1967. In 1968, it demolished the town as witnessed by [[United Nations]] military observers.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=The Arab-Israel conflict and the UN: the 1967 round: prelude, June War, Jarring mission|date=1969|magazine=International Review Service|page=93}}</ref> A Syrian diplomatic representative issued a complaint about the village's destruction.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IRlIAAAAMAAJ&q=Ahmediye|title=International Documents on Palestine|date=1973|publisher=[[Institute for Palestine Studies]]|page=633}}</ref> During the [[Yom Kippur War]], in October 1973, al-Ahmadiyah was one of three places where the Syrian Army launched major drives against as their forces moved across the Golan's mountainous plains. The other two places were [[Khishniyah]] and [[Al-Rafid, Syria|al-Rafid]].{{sfn|Barker|1980|p=123}}


==See also==
==See also==
Line 132: Line 53:
*{{cite book|first=Shimon|last=Applebaum|title=Judaea in Hellenistic and Roman times: historical and archaeological essays|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ScwUAAAAIAAJ&q=Ahmadiyeh+Jaulan|publisher=BRILL Archive|year=1989|isbn=9004088210}}
*{{cite book|first=Shimon|last=Applebaum|title=Judaea in Hellenistic and Roman times: historical and archaeological essays|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ScwUAAAAIAAJ&q=Ahmadiyeh+Jaulan|publisher=BRILL Archive|year=1989|isbn=9004088210}}
*{{cite book|first=A. J.|last=Barker|title=Arab-Israeli Wars|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7Ae7AAAAIAAJ&q=Ahmadiye|publisher=Hippocrene Books|year=1980|isbn=9004088210}}
*{{cite book|first=A. J.|last=Barker|title=Arab-Israeli Wars|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7Ae7AAAAIAAJ&q=Ahmadiye|publisher=Hippocrene Books|year=1980|isbn=9004088210}}
*{{cite book
*{{cite book|first=Zvi Uri|last=Ma'oz|title=The Ghassānids and the fall of the Golan synagogues|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J-stAQAAIAAJ&q=Ahmadiyye|publisher=Archaostyle|year=2008|isbn=}}
| last1= Hütteroth |first1=W.-D.|author-link1=Wolf-Dieter Hütteroth
*{{cite book|first=Gottlieb|last=Schumacher|title=The Jaulân: Surveyed for the German Society for the Exploration of the Holy Land|url=https://archive.org/details/jaulnsurveyedfo00schugoog|publisher=Bentley and Son|year=1888}}
| last2 =Abdulfattah|first2=K. |author-link2=Kamal Abdulfattah
| title = Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=wqULAAAAIAAJ | year = 1977 | publisher = Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft
|isbn= 3-920405-41-2}}
*{{cite book
|first=Zvi Uri|last=Ma'oz
|title=The Ghassānids and the fall of the Golan synagogues|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J-stAQAAIAAJ&q=Ahmadiyye|publisher=Archaostyle|year=2008}}
*{{cite book
|first=G.|last=Schumacher|author-link=Gottlieb Schumacher
|title=The Jaulân: Surveyed for the German Society for the Exploration of the Holy Land|url=https://archive.org/details/jaulnsurveyedfo00schugoog|publisher=Bentley and Son|year=1888}}
*{{cite book|first=Dan|last=Urman|title=Ancient Synagogues: Historical Analysis and Archaeological Discovery|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HQyxvmYV-50C&q=Ahmediyeh+Golan|publisher=BRILL|year=1998|isbn=9004112545}}
*{{cite book|first=Dan|last=Urman|title=Ancient Synagogues: Historical Analysis and Archaeological Discovery|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HQyxvmYV-50C&q=Ahmediyeh+Golan|publisher=BRILL|year=1998|isbn=9004112545}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}
{{Quneitra Governorate}}
{{Quneitra Governorate}}


[[Category:Destroyed towns]]
[[Category:Destroyed populated places]]
[[Category:Populated places in Quneitra Governorate]]
[[Category:Populated places in Quneitra Governorate]]
[[Category:Former populated places on the Golan Heights]]
[[Category:Former populated places in the Golan Heights]]
[[Category:Turkmen communities in Syria]]
[[Category:1960s disestablishments in Syria]]
[[Category:Populated places disestablished in 1968]]

Latest revision as of 02:49, 3 November 2024

El-Ahmediye[1]
الاحمدية
Village
El-Ahmediye[1] is located in the Golan Heights
El-Ahmediye[1]
El-Ahmediye[1]
Al-Ahmadiyah in Syria
Coordinates: 33°0′2″N 35°42′3″E / 33.00056°N 35.70083°E / 33.00056; 35.70083
Grid position216/267 PAL
Country Syria
GovernorateQuneitra
DistrictQuneitra
SubdistrictQuneitra
RegionGolan Heights
Destroyed1968

El-Ahmediye (Arabic: الاحمدية, romanized: Al-Ahmadiyah) also known as el-Hamediyeh or Ammudiya, is a former Syrian village in the central Golan Heights, 15 kilometers southeast of Lake Hula.[2] It was populated during the Israeli occupation of the Golan Heights during the 1967 Six-Day War. The village spread over two low-lying hills surrounded by springs. The Israeli settlement of Qatzrin was established two kilometres to the south. Al-Ahmadiyah's previous inhabitants had predominantly been Turkomans.[1][3]

History and archaeology

[edit]

Archaeological investigation

[edit]

The first archaeological survey of al-Ahmadiyah was undertaken by Gottlieb Schumacher in 1884.[3] He noted that the villages stood at the foot of a hill, Shuwaikah, which contained ancient remains, dated by Schumacher to the Roman era, as indicated by the carved stone reliefs of Roman eagles and other animals.[4] Another survey, in 1968, this time by Israeli archaeologist Shmarya Guttman, found items from the Hellenistic period, and more sherds from the Roman and Byzantine periods. Guttman determined that the size of the ancient settlement spanned 35 dunams.[5]

Roman and Byzantine periods

[edit]

Schumacher noted in 1884 the presence of zoomorphic stone reliefs from the Roman period, such as Roman eagles.[4] The remains of two ancient synagogue have been discovered at al-Ahmadiyah, which is possibly the site of the ancient Roman Jewish settlement of Ecbatana.[2] Several artifacts indicate Jewish settlement in the village during the 4th century CE, such as one containing a relief of nine-branched menorah.[3][6]

Early Muslim period

[edit]

Sherds dating to the Islamic era, particularly the Umayyad and Abbasid periods, were also found in the village.[citation needed]

Ottoman period

[edit]

In 1596, Al-Ahmadiyah appeared in the Ottoman tax registers as al-Amudiyya; part of the nahiya of Butayha in the Sanjak of Hauran. It had an entirely Muslim population consisting of 15 households and 10 bachelors. The villagers paid a fixed tax rate of 25% on various agricultural products, including wheat (2100 akçe), barley (450), summer crops (450), goats and beehives (100), in addition to "occasional revenues"(100); a total of 3,200 akçe. All of the revenue went to a waqf.[7]

Schumacher noted in 1884[3] that the village, poorly built, was inhabited by some 70 Turkomans living in twelve hut-like houses. They cultivated various types of vegetables. It was situated at the bottom of a hill containing ruins known as Shuwaikah. The residents had utilized the stones of these ruins to build al-Ahmadiyah.[4]

1967 war and aftermath

[edit]

Israel occupied al-Ahmadiyah and the Golan Heights after driving out the Syrian Army from the area during the Six-Day War in 1967. In 1968, it demolished the town as witnessed by United Nations military observers.[8] A Syrian diplomatic representative issued a complaint about the village's destruction.[9] During the Yom Kippur War, in October 1973, al-Ahmadiyah was one of three places where the Syrian Army launched major drives against as their forces moved across the Golan's mountainous plains. The other two places were Khishniyah and al-Rafid.[10]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Günümüzde Suriye Türkmenleri (in Turkish)". Suriye'de Değişimin Ortaya Çıkardığı Toplum: Suriye Türkmenleri (PDF). ORSAM Ortadoğu Türkmenleri Programı (Report). Ankara. November 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-10-05.
  2. ^ a b Applebaum 1989, p. 53
  3. ^ a b c d Urman 1998, p. 455
  4. ^ a b c Schumacher 1888, p. 70
  5. ^ Urman 1998, p. 456.
  6. ^ Urman 1998, p. 461.
  7. ^ Hütteroth & Abdulfattah 1977, p. 195.
  8. ^ "The Arab-Israel conflict and the UN: the 1967 round: prelude, June War, Jarring mission". International Review Service. 1969. p. 93.
  9. ^ International Documents on Palestine. Institute for Palestine Studies. 1973. p. 633.
  10. ^ Barker 1980, p. 123.

Bibliography

[edit]
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