Myanmar Coast mangroves: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Ecoregion in Burma, Malaysia, Thailand and Bangladesh}} |
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{{refimprove|date=July 2010}} |
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{{Infobox ecoregion |
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The '''Myanmar Coast mangroves''' are an ecoregion in [[Myanmar]], where there were once thick forests of [[mangroves]] but today most has been cleared, resulting in loss of habitat for wildlife. |
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|name = Ecoregion: Myanmar Coast mangroves |
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|image = Ao Phang Nga National Park P1120397.JPG |
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|image_size = 300 |
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|image_alt = |
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|caption = Mangroves in [[Ao Phang Nga National Park]] |
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|map = Ecoregion IM1404.png |
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|map_size = 300 |
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|map_alt = Ecoregion territory (in purple) |
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|map_caption = Ecoregion territory (in purple) |
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|ecozone = [[Indomalayan]] |
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|biome = [[Mangrove]] |
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|animals = |
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|bird_species = |
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|borders = |
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|area = |
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|country = [[Malaysia]], [[Thailand]], [[Myanmar]], [[Bangladesh]] |
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|state = |
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|region_type = |
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|elevation = |
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|coordinates = {{coord|10|N|106.25|E|display=title,inline}} |
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|geology = |
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|seas = |
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|rivers = |
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|climate = |
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|soil = |
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|conservation = |
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|global200 = |
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|habitat_loss = |
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|habitat_loss_ref = |
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|protected = |
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|protected_ref = |
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}} |
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The '''Burmese''' or '''Myanmar Coast mangroves''' are an ecoregion in [[Burma]], [[Malaysia]], [[Thailand]] and [[Bangladesh]] where there were once thick forests of [[mangroves]] but today most has been cleared, resulting in loss of habitat for wildlife.<ref name="dopa">{{cite web|title=Myanmar Coast mangroves|url=https://dopa-explorer.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ecoregion/41404|publisher=Digital Observatory for Protected Areas|language=en|access-date=September 6, 2020}}</ref><ref name="eoe">{{cite web|title=Myanmar Coast mangroves|url=https://editors.eol.org/eoearth/wiki/Myanmar_Coast_mangroves|publisher=Encyclopedia of the Earth|language=en|access-date=September 6, 2020}}</ref> |
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==Location and description== |
==Location and description== |
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Mangroves were once common in the [[Irrawaddy River]] [[Irrawaddy Delta|Delta]] |
Mangroves were once common in the [[Irrawaddy River]] [[Irrawaddy Delta|Delta]] and today exist in three distinct areas, [[Rakhine State]], [[Ayeyarwady Region|Ayeyarwady]] and [[Tanintharyi Region]]s, as well as Kutubdia and Moheshkhali islands in [[Bangladesh]] |
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==Flora== |
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The mangrove flora of Burma include ''[[Rhizophora]]'' and ''[[Xylocarpus]]'' mangrove trees, ''[[Sonneratia]]s'', other [[Rhizophoraceae]], ''[[Nypa fruticans]]'' and ''[[Phoenix paludosa]]''. |
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==Fauna== |
==Fauna== |
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The remaining mammals include a small group of wild [[Asian elephant]]s in Rakhine State, while once common species of mammals and reptiles such as the [[tiger]], the [[saltwater crocodile]] (''Crocodylus porosus'') and the mangrove terrapin (''[[Batagur baska]]'') have either disappeared or seriously reduced in number<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.myanmar.gov.mm/myanmartimes/no52/timeout_4-1.htm |title=Error |access-date=2010-07-22 |archive-date=2022-04-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407055835/http://www.myanmar.gov.mm/myanmartimes/no52/timeout_4-1.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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The remaining wildlife includes a small group of wild [[Asian Elephant]]s in [[Rakhine State]]. |
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Bird life however is much richer including waterbirds such as [[Oriental darter]] (''Anhinga melanogaster''), [[little cormorant]] (''Phalacrocorax nigers''), [[Pacific reef heron]] (''Egretta sacra''), [[great-billed heron]] (''Ardea sumatrana''), [[ruddy shelduck]] (''Tadorna ferruginea''), [[bronze-winged jacana]] (''Metopidius indicus''), [[lesser sand plover]] (''Charadrius mongolus''), [[beach stone-curlew]] (''Esacus magnirostris''), [[black-winged stilt]] (''Himantopus himantopus''), [[Nordmann's greenshank]] (''Tringa guttifer''), [[lesser black-backed gull]] (''Larus fuscus'') and [[common moorhen]] (''Gallinula chloropus'').<ref name="eoe"/> |
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==Threats and preservation== |
==Threats and preservation== |
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{{Main|Mangrove deforestation in Myanmar}} |
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This is Asia's most depleted area of mangroves, a particularly vulnerable ecosystem. The trees have mostly been removed for timber and to clear land for agriculture and coastal development, all of which is ongoing. <ref>http://www.worldwildlife.org/wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/im/im1404_full.html</ref> |
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This is Asia's most depleted area of mangroves, a particularly vulnerable ecosystem. The mangroves have been depleted by increased sediment being brought to the coast by the Irrawaddy, this is a natural process but has accelerated in recent decades following deforestation in inland Myanmar. The mangroves have been even more seriously affected by the large-scale cutting of mangrove trees themselves for timber and to clear land for agriculture and coastal development, all of which is ongoing often illegally. This leaves the remaining mangroves in serious need of protection and planned and existing protected areas include [[Mein-ma-hla Kyun Wildlife Sanctuary]].<ref>{{WWF ecoregion|id=im1404|name=Myanmar Coast mangroves}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://si-pddr.si.edu/dspace/bitstream/10088/4310/1/Leimgruber2005a.pdf |title=Forest Cover Change Patterns in Myanmar (Burma) 1990-2000 |publisher=Si-pddr.si.edu |date= |accessdate=2015-07-18}}</ref> |
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{{Asof|2019}} in Myanmar, the cutting down of mangroves to turn into [[charcoal]] for sale in China and Thailand continues unabated.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Yan |first1=Wudan |title=llegal charcoal trade threatens Myanmar's remaining mangroves |url=https://news.mongabay.com/2019/04/illegal-charcoal-trade-threatens-myanmars-remaining-mangroves/ |accessdate=2019-04-20 |work=Mongabay |date=2019-04-18}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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*{{commons-inline||Myanmar Coast mangroves}} |
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{{mangroves}} |
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[[Category:Mangrove ecoregions]] |
[[Category:Mangrove ecoregions]] |
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[[Category:Ecoregions of Bangladesh]] |
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[[Category:Ecoregions of Malaysia]] |
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[[Category:Ecoregions of Thailand]] |
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[[Category:Indomalayan ecoregions]] |
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[[Category:Western Indo-Pacific]] |
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Latest revision as of 16:15, 2 November 2024
| Ecoregion: Myanmar Coast mangroves | |
|---|---|
 Mangroves in Ao Phang Nga National Park | |
 Ecoregion territory (in purple) | |
| Ecology | |
| Realm | Indomalayan |
| Biome | Mangrove |
| Geography | |
| Country | Malaysia, Thailand, Myanmar, Bangladesh |
| Coordinates | 10°00′N 106°15′E / 10°N 106.25°E |
The Burmese or Myanmar Coast mangroves are an ecoregion in Burma, Malaysia, Thailand and Bangladesh where there were once thick forests of mangroves but today most has been cleared, resulting in loss of habitat for wildlife.[1][2]
Location and description
[edit]Mangroves were once common in the Irrawaddy River Delta and today exist in three distinct areas, Rakhine State, Ayeyarwady and Tanintharyi Regions, as well as Kutubdia and Moheshkhali islands in Bangladesh
Flora
[edit]The mangrove flora of Burma include Rhizophora and Xylocarpus mangrove trees, Sonneratias, other Rhizophoraceae, Nypa fruticans and Phoenix paludosa.
Fauna
[edit]The remaining mammals include a small group of wild Asian elephants in Rakhine State, while once common species of mammals and reptiles such as the tiger, the saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) and the mangrove terrapin (Batagur baska) have either disappeared or seriously reduced in number[3]
Bird life however is much richer including waterbirds such as Oriental darter (Anhinga melanogaster), little cormorant (Phalacrocorax nigers), Pacific reef heron (Egretta sacra), great-billed heron (Ardea sumatrana), ruddy shelduck (Tadorna ferruginea), bronze-winged jacana (Metopidius indicus), lesser sand plover (Charadrius mongolus), beach stone-curlew (Esacus magnirostris), black-winged stilt (Himantopus himantopus), Nordmann's greenshank (Tringa guttifer), lesser black-backed gull (Larus fuscus) and common moorhen (Gallinula chloropus).[2]
Threats and preservation
[edit]This is Asia's most depleted area of mangroves, a particularly vulnerable ecosystem. The mangroves have been depleted by increased sediment being brought to the coast by the Irrawaddy, this is a natural process but has accelerated in recent decades following deforestation in inland Myanmar. The mangroves have been even more seriously affected by the large-scale cutting of mangrove trees themselves for timber and to clear land for agriculture and coastal development, all of which is ongoing often illegally. This leaves the remaining mangroves in serious need of protection and planned and existing protected areas include Mein-ma-hla Kyun Wildlife Sanctuary.[4][5]
As of 2019[update] in Myanmar, the cutting down of mangroves to turn into charcoal for sale in China and Thailand continues unabated.[6]
References
[edit]- ^ "Myanmar Coast mangroves". Digital Observatory for Protected Areas. Retrieved September 6, 2020.
- ^ a b "Myanmar Coast mangroves". Encyclopedia of the Earth. Retrieved September 6, 2020.
- ^ "Error". Archived from the original on 2022-04-07. Retrieved 2010-07-22.
- ^ "Myanmar Coast mangroves". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund.
- ^ "Forest Cover Change Patterns in Myanmar (Burma) 1990-2000" (PDF). Si-pddr.si.edu. Retrieved 2015-07-18.
- ^ Yan, Wudan (2019-04-18). "llegal charcoal trade threatens Myanmar's remaining mangroves". Mongabay. Retrieved 2019-04-20.
External links
[edit]
Media related to Myanmar Coast mangroves at Wikimedia Commons
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