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{{Short description|Chinese politician of Uyghur ethnicity (1935–2018)}}
{{Short description|Chinese politician of Uyghur ethnicity (1935–2018)}}
{{Infobox officeholder
{{Infobox officeholder
|name = Ismail Amat
| name = Ismail Amat
|native_name = {{lang|ug-Arab|ئىسمائىل ئەھمەد}}<br />{{lang|zh-Hans-CN|司马义·艾买提}}
| native_name = {{lang|ug-Arab|ئىسمائىل ئەھمەد}}<br />{{lang|zh-Hans-CN|司马义·艾买提}}
|image = Ismail Amat.jpg
| image = Ismail Amat.jpg
|caption =
| caption =
|office1 = [[Vice Chairperson of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress|Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress]]
| office1 = [[Vice Chairperson of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress|Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress]]
|term_start1 = 2003
| term_start1 = 15 March 2003
|term_end1 = 2008
| term_end1 = 15 March 2008
| 1blankname1 = Chairman
| 1blankname1 = Chairman
| 1namedata1 = [[Wu Bangguo]]
| 1namedata1 = [[Wu Bangguo]]
⚫
| office2 = [[State councillor|State Councilor of the People's Republic of China]]

⚫
| term_start2 = 1993
⚫
|office2 = [[State councillor|State Councilor of the People's Republic of China]]
⚫
| term_end2 = 2003
⚫
|term_start2 = 1993
⚫
| premier2 = [[Li Peng]]→[[Zhu Rongji]]
⚫
|term_end2 = 2003
⚫
| office3 = [[Vice Chairperson of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference|Vice Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference]]
⚫
|premier2 = [[Li Peng]]→[[Zhu Rongji]]
⚫
| term_start3 = 10 April 1988

⚫
| term_end3 = 27 March 1993
⚫
|office3 = [[Vice Chairperson of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference|Vice Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference]]
⚫
| 1blankname3 = Chairman
⚫
|term_start3 = 1988
⚫
| 1namedata3 = [[Li Xiannian]]
⚫
|term_end3 = 1993
⚫
| office4 = Minister of the [[State Ethnic Affairs Commission]]
⚫
| 1blankname3 = Chairman
⚫
| term_start4 = 1986
⚫
| 1namedata3 = [[Li Xiannian]]
⚫
| term_end4 = 1998

⚫
| predecessor4 = [[Yang Jingren]]
⚫
|office4 = Minister of the [[State Ethnic Affairs Commission]]
⚫
| successor4 = Li Dezhu
⚫
|term_start4 = 1986
⚫
| office5 = Chairman of the [[Xinjiang|Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region]]
⚫
|term_end4 = 1998
⚫
| term_start5 = 1979
⚫
|predecessor4 = [[Yang Jingren]]
⚫
| term_end5 = 1985
⚫
|successor4 = Li Dezhu
⚫
| predecessor5 = [[Wang Feng (politician)|Wang Feng]]

⚫
| successor5 = [[Tömür Dawamat]]
⚫
|office5 = Chairman of the [[Xinjiang|Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region]]
⚫
| birth_date = September 1935
⚫
|term_start5 = 1979
⚫
| birth_place = [[Qira County]], [[Xinjiang]]
⚫
|term_end5 = 1985
⚫
| death_date = {{death date and age|2018|10|16|1935|9|df=yes}}
⚫
|predecessor5 = [[Wang Feng (politician)|Wang Feng]]
⚫
| death_place = [[Beijing]]
⚫
|successor5 = [[Tömür Dawamat]]
⚫
| party = [[Chinese Communist Party]]

⚫
| spouse =
⚫
|birth_date = September 1935
⚫
| children =
⚫
|birth_place = [[Qira County]], [[Xinjiang]]
⚫
| alma_mater = [[Central Party School of the Chinese Communist Party]]
⚫
|death_date = {{death date and age|2018|10|16|1935|9|df=yes}}
⚫
|death_place = [[Beijing]]
⚫
|party = [[Communist Party of China]]
⚫
|spouse =
⚫
|children =
⚫
|alma_mater = [[Central Party School]]
}}
}}


{{Patronymic name|Ismail|Amat|his}}
{{Patronymic name|Ismail|Amat|his}}


'''Ismail Amat''' ({{lang-ug|ئىسمائىل ئەھمەد|translit=Isma'il Ehmet}}; {{lang-zh |s = 司马义·艾买提 |p = Sīmǎyì Àimǎití }}; September 1935 – 16 October 2018) was a Chinese politician of [[Uyghurs|Uyghur]] ethnicity who served as Chairman (Governor) of [[Xinjiang|Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region]], [[State councillor|State Councillor]], [[Vice Chairperson of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress|Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress]] and [[Vice Chairperson of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference|Vice Chairman]] of the [[Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference]] (CPPCC).
'''Ismail Amat''' ({{langx|ug|ئىسمائىل ئەھمەد|translit=Isma'il Ehmet}}; {{lang-zh |s = 司马义·艾买提 |p = Sīmǎyì Àimǎití }}; September 1935 – 16 October 2018) was a Chinese politician of [[Uyghurs|Uyghur]] ethnicity who served as Chairman (Governor) of [[Xinjiang|Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region]], [[State councillor|State Councillor]], [[Vice Chairperson of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress|Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress]] and [[Vice Chairperson of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference|Vice Chairman]] of the [[Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference]] (CPPCC).


He was among the highest-ranking [[Uyghurs|Uyghur]] politicians sitting for decades in the [[Government of China|Central Government]] of People's Republic of China between 1979–2008.<ref name="Song2014" />
He was among the highest-ranking [[Uyghurs|Uyghur]] politicians sitting for decades in the [[Government of China|Central Government]] of People's Republic of China between 1979–2008.<ref name="Song2014" />


== Early life and career in Xinjiang ==
== Early life and career in Xinjiang ==
Ismail was born 1935 in [[Qira County]], [[Hotan Prefecture]], [[Xinjiang|Xinjiang Province]], [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]].<ref name="Song2014">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DGbyzKLVh30C&pg=PA9|title=Biographical Dictionary of the People's Republic of China|last=Song|first=Yuwu|date=2014|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-1-4766-0298-1|pages=9–10}}</ref><ref name="cv">{{Cite web|url=http://www.chinavitae.com/biography/Ismail_Amat|title=Biography of Ismail Amat|website=China Vitae|access-date=2018-10-16}}</ref> His parents were poor [[Uyghurs|Uyghur]] peasants. From 1952 to 1954, he took part in the land reform movement in his hometown<ref name="Song2014" /> and joined the [[Communist Party of China]] (CPC) in 1953.<ref name="cv" /> He rose quickly in the government of Qira and became the [[county magistrate]] in 1954 at the age of 19.<ref name="Song2014" />
Ismail was born 1935 in [[Qira County]], [[Hotan Prefecture]], [[Xinjiang|Xinjiang Province]], [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]].<ref name="Song2014">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DGbyzKLVh30C&pg=PA9|title=Biographical Dictionary of the People's Republic of China|last=Song|first=Yuwu|date=2014|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-1-4766-0298-1|pages=9–10}}</ref><ref name="cv">{{Cite web|url=http://www.chinavitae.com/biography/Ismail_Amat|title=Biography of Ismail Amat|website=China Vitae|access-date=2018-10-16|archive-date=2023-12-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207205718/https://www.chinavitae.com/biography/Ismail_Amat|url-status=dead}}</ref> His parents were poor [[Uyghurs|Uyghur]] peasants. From 1952 to 1954, he took part in the land reform movement in his hometown<ref name="Song2014" /> and joined the [[Chinese Communist Party]] (CCP) in 1953.<ref name="cv" /> He rose quickly in the government of Qira and became the [[county magistrate]] in 1954 at the age of 19.<ref name="Song2014" />


In 1960, he was selected to study in Beijing at the [[Central Party School of the Communist Party of China|Central Party School of the CPC]] for two years. After returning to Xinjiang, he became deputy publicity head of Hotan Prefecture in 1963.<ref name="Song2014" /><ref name="cv" />
In 1960, he was selected to study in Beijing at the [[Central Party School of the Chinese Communist Party|Central Party School of the CCP]] for two years. After returning to Xinjiang, he became deputy publicity head of Hotan Prefecture in 1963.<ref name="Song2014" /><ref name="cv" />


During the [[Cultural Revolution]], Ismail was elevated to the regional government of Xinjiang in 1969 and elected to the [[10th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China|10th Central Committee of the CPC]] in 1972. From 1971 to 1979 he served as Xinjiang's party secretary (then subordinate to the first secretary) and director of its Organization Department.<ref name="Song2014" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://en.people.cn/data/people/ismailamat.html|title=Ismail Amat, vice-chairman of the 10th NPC Standing Committee|website=People's Daily Online|access-date=2018-10-17}}</ref>
During the [[Cultural Revolution]], Ismail was elevated to the regional government of Xinjiang in 1969 and elected to the [[10th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party|10th Central Committee of the CCP]] in 1972. From 1971 to 1979 he served as Xinjiang's party secretary (then subordinate to the first secretary) and director of its Organization Department.<ref name="Song2014" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://en.people.cn/data/people/ismailamat.html|title=Ismail Amat, vice-chairman of the 10th NPC Standing Committee|website=People's Daily Online|access-date=2018-10-17}}</ref>


In 1979, he became Chairman (Governor) of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region at the age of 44. During his six-year tenure, he oversaw Xinjiang's transition to a [[market economy]] in [[Deng Xiaoping]]'s [[reform and opening]] era.<ref name="Song2014" />
In 1979, he became Chairman (Governor) of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region at the age of 44. During his six-year tenure, he oversaw Xinjiang's transition to a [[market economy]] in [[Deng Xiaoping]]'s [[reform and opening]] era.<ref name="Song2014" />


== Career in the national government ==
== Career in the national government ==
In 1986, Ismail was elevated to the national government and became Minister of the [[State Ethnic Affairs Commission]],<ref name=":0" /> a key position in charge of affairs concerning ethnic minorities, especially the Tibetans and Muslim groups such as the Uyghurs. As a prominent Muslim CPC leader, he served as a mouthpiece of China's ethnic policies and condemned separatist movements.<ref name="Song2014" /> He served in the position until 1998, and concurrently as vice-chairman of the [[Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference]] (CPPCC) from 1988 to 1993. From 1993 to 2003 he also served as a vice-premier-level [[State councillor (China)|State Councillor]].<ref name="cv" /><ref name=":0" /> During his tenure there were multiple anti-Chinese protests in Xinjiang which were suppressed by the government.<ref name="Song2014" /> Amat supported the official policy of harshly treating ethnic separatists while promoting economic growth and stability in minority regions.<ref name="Song2014" />
In 1986, Ismail was elevated to the national government and became Minister of the [[State Ethnic Affairs Commission]],<ref name=":0" /> a key position in charge of affairs concerning ethnic minorities, especially the Tibetans and Muslim groups such as the Uyghurs. As a prominent Muslim CCP leader, he served as a mouthpiece of China's ethnic policies and condemned separatist movements.<ref name="Song2014" /> He served in the position until 1998, and concurrently as vice-chairman of the [[Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference]] (CPPCC) from 1988 to 1993. From 1993 to 2003 he also served as a vice-premier-level [[State councillor (China)|State Councillor]].<ref name="cv" /><ref name=":0" /> During his tenure there were multiple anti-Chinese protests in Xinjiang which were suppressed by the government.<ref name="Song2014" /> Amat supported the official policy of harshly treating ethnic separatists while promoting economic growth and stability in minority regions.<ref name="Song2014" />


From 2003 to 2008 Ismail served as vice-chairman of the [[10th National People's Congress]].<ref name="Song2014" /> As one of the highest-ranking Uyghur or Muslim politicians in the history of the People's Republic of China, he frequently visited Central Asian nations and met with visiting dignitaries from Islamic countries.<ref name="Song2014" />
From 2003 to 2008 Ismail served as vice-chairman of the [[10th National People's Congress]].<ref name="Song2014" /> As one of the highest-ranking Uyghur or Muslim politicians in the history of the People's Republic of China, he frequently visited Central Asian nations and met with visiting dignitaries from Islamic countries.<ref name="Song2014" />
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After the [[September 11 attacks]] in 2001, the United States captured a number of Chinese Uyghurs in the [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|War in Afghanistan]] and held them in the [[Guantanamo Bay detention camp]]. China considered the Uyghur detainees terrorists and demanded that the US hand them over to Chinese custody. When the demand was refused, Ismail condemned the US in 2006.<ref name="Song2014" />
After the [[September 11 attacks]] in 2001, the United States captured a number of Chinese Uyghurs in the [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|War in Afghanistan]] and held them in the [[Guantanamo Bay detention camp]]. China considered the Uyghur detainees terrorists and demanded that the US hand them over to Chinese custody. When the demand was refused, Ismail condemned the US in 2006.<ref name="Song2014" />


Ismail served as a member of seven consecutive [[Central Committee of the Communist Party of China|CPC Central Committees]], from the 10th to the [[16th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China|16th]], spanning 45 years.<ref name="cv" /><ref name=":0" />
Ismail served as a member of seven consecutive [[Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party|CCP Central Committees]], from the [[10th Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam|10th]] to the [[16th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party|16th]], spanning 45 years.<ref name="cv" /><ref name=":0" />


== Death ==
== Death ==
Ismail Amat died on 16 October 2018 in Beijing, at the age of 83.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201810/16/WS5bc5dd6ba310eff303282b51.html|title=Former senior legislator dies at 84|date=2018-10-16|website=China Daily|access-date=2018-10-16}}</ref> He was buried at the [[Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery]]. [[Communist Party of China|Chinese Communist Party]] [[General Secretary of the Communist Party of China|general secretary]] [[Xi Jinping]], Vice President [[Wang Qishan]], Party former General Secretary [[Hu Jintao]], other [[Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China|Party Politburo Standing Committee]] members [[Li Zhanshu]], [[Wang Yang (politician)|Wang Yang]], [[Wang Huning]], [[Zhao Leji]], [[Han Zheng]] and many other top leaders attended his funeral.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2018-10/18/c_1123579006.htm|script-title=zh:司马义·艾买提同志遗体送别在京举行|date=2018-10-18|work=Xinhua |language=zh-cn |access-date=2018-10-19}}</ref>
Ismail Amat died on 16 October 2018 in Beijing, at the age of 83.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201810/16/WS5bc5dd6ba310eff303282b51.html|title=Former senior legislator dies at 84|date=2018-10-16|website=China Daily|access-date=2018-10-16}}</ref> He was buried at the [[Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery]]. CCP [[General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party|general secretary]] [[Xi Jinping]], Vice President [[Wang Qishan]], former CCP general secretary [[Hu Jintao]], other [[Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party|CCP Politburo Standing Committee]] members [[Li Zhanshu]], [[Wang Yang (politician)|Wang Yang]], [[Wang Huning]], [[Zhao Leji]], [[Han Zheng]] and other top leaders attended his funeral.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2018-10/18/c_1123579006.htm|script-title=zh:司马义·艾买提同志遗体送别在京举行|date=2018-10-18|work=Xinhua |language=zh-cn |access-date=2018-10-19}}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
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{{6th State Council of China}}
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{{NPCSC Vice-Chairpersons}}
{{NPCSC Vice-Chairpersons}}

Latest revision as of 03:02, 1 November 2024

Ismail Amat
ئىسمائىل ئەھمەد
司马义·艾买提
Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
In office
15 March 2003 – 15 March 2008
ChairmanWu Bangguo
State Councilor of the People's Republic of China
In office
1993–2003
PremierLi Peng→Zhu Rongji
Vice Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
In office
10 April 1988 – 27 March 1993
ChairmanLi Xiannian
Minister of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission
In office
1986–1998
Preceded byYang Jingren
Succeeded byLi Dezhu
Chairman of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region
In office
1979–1985
Preceded byWang Feng
Succeeded byTömür Dawamat
Personal details
BornSeptember 1935
Qira County, Xinjiang
Died16 October 2018(2018-10-16) (aged 83)
Beijing
Political partyChinese Communist Party
Alma materCentral Party School of the Chinese Communist Party
This article is about a person whose name includes a patronymic. The article properly refers to the person by his given name, Ismail, and not as Amat.

Ismail Amat (Uyghur: ئىسمائىل ئەھمەد, romanized: Isma'il Ehmet; Chinese: 司马义·艾买提; pinyin: Sīmǎyì Àimǎití; September 1935 – 16 October 2018) was a Chinese politician of Uyghur ethnicity who served as Chairman (Governor) of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, State Councillor, Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and Vice Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).

He was among the highest-ranking Uyghur politicians sitting for decades in the Central Government of People's Republic of China between 1979–2008.[1]

Early life and career in Xinjiang

[edit]

Ismail was born 1935 in Qira County, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang Province, Republic of China.[1][2] His parents were poor Uyghur peasants. From 1952 to 1954, he took part in the land reform movement in his hometown[1] and joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in 1953.[2] He rose quickly in the government of Qira and became the county magistrate in 1954 at the age of 19.[1]

In 1960, he was selected to study in Beijing at the Central Party School of the CCP for two years. After returning to Xinjiang, he became deputy publicity head of Hotan Prefecture in 1963.[1][2]

During the Cultural Revolution, Ismail was elevated to the regional government of Xinjiang in 1969 and elected to the 10th Central Committee of the CCP in 1972. From 1971 to 1979 he served as Xinjiang's party secretary (then subordinate to the first secretary) and director of its Organization Department.[1][3]

In 1979, he became Chairman (Governor) of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region at the age of 44. During his six-year tenure, he oversaw Xinjiang's transition to a market economy in Deng Xiaoping's reform and opening era.[1]

Career in the national government

[edit]

In 1986, Ismail was elevated to the national government and became Minister of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission,[3] a key position in charge of affairs concerning ethnic minorities, especially the Tibetans and Muslim groups such as the Uyghurs. As a prominent Muslim CCP leader, he served as a mouthpiece of China's ethnic policies and condemned separatist movements.[1] He served in the position until 1998, and concurrently as vice-chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) from 1988 to 1993. From 1993 to 2003 he also served as a vice-premier-level State Councillor.[2][3] During his tenure there were multiple anti-Chinese protests in Xinjiang which were suppressed by the government.[1] Amat supported the official policy of harshly treating ethnic separatists while promoting economic growth and stability in minority regions.[1]

From 2003 to 2008 Ismail served as vice-chairman of the 10th National People's Congress.[1] As one of the highest-ranking Uyghur or Muslim politicians in the history of the People's Republic of China, he frequently visited Central Asian nations and met with visiting dignitaries from Islamic countries.[1]

After the September 11 attacks in 2001, the United States captured a number of Chinese Uyghurs in the War in Afghanistan and held them in the Guantanamo Bay detention camp. China considered the Uyghur detainees terrorists and demanded that the US hand them over to Chinese custody. When the demand was refused, Ismail condemned the US in 2006.[1]

Ismail served as a member of seven consecutive CCP Central Committees, from the 10th to the 16th, spanning 45 years.[2][3]

Death

[edit]

Ismail Amat died on 16 October 2018 in Beijing, at the age of 83.[4] He was buried at the Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery. CCP general secretary Xi Jinping, Vice President Wang Qishan, former CCP general secretary Hu Jintao, other CCP Politburo Standing Committee members Li Zhanshu, Wang Yang, Wang Huning, Zhao Leji, Han Zheng and other top leaders attended his funeral.[5]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Song, Yuwu (2014). Biographical Dictionary of the People's Republic of China. McFarland. pp. 9–10. ISBN 978-1-4766-0298-1.
  2. ^ a b c d e "Biography of Ismail Amat". China Vitae. Archived from the original on 2023-12-07. Retrieved 2018-10-16.
  3. ^ a b c d "Ismail Amat, vice-chairman of the 10th NPC Standing Committee". People's Daily Online. Retrieved 2018-10-17.
  4. ^ "Former senior legislator dies at 84". China Daily. 2018-10-16. Retrieved 2018-10-16.
  5. ^ 司马义·艾买提同志遗体送别在京举行. Xinhua (in Chinese (China)). 2018-10-18. Retrieved 2018-10-19.
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