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The '''Shetab''' (Interbank Information Transfer Network) system is an [[electronic banking]] clearance and automated payments system used in [[Iran]]. The system was introduced in 2002 with the intention of creating a uniform backbone for the Iranian banking system to handle [[Automated teller machine|ATM]], [[Point of sale|POS]] and other card-based transactions.

{{Infobox Interbank Network
{{Infobox Interbank Network
| name = Shetab BankingSystem
| name = Shetab
| logo = Shetab Banking System.png
| area = [[Iran]]
| area = [[Iran]]
| members = 30 (Iranian Banks)
| members = 27 (Iranian Banks)
| card = 12,000,000 (2005)
| card = 341,000,000 (2019)
| atm = 2,926 (2003)
| atm = 57,000 (2019)
| foundation = {{Start date and age|2002}}
| foundation = {{Start date and age|2002}}
|website=https://www.cbi.ir/page/15728.aspx
}}
⚫
}}'''Shetab''' ({{Langx|fa|شتاب|lit=Acceleration}}), officially the '''Interbank Information Transfer Network''' ({{Langx|fa|شبکه تبادل اطلاعات بین بانکی|links=no}}), is an [[electronic banking]] clearance and automated payments system used in [[Iran]]. The system was introduced in 2002 with the intention of creating a uniform backbone for the Iranian banking system to handle [[Automated teller machine|ATM]], [[EFTPOS]] and other card-based transactions.


Prior to its introduction, some Iranian banks were issuing cards that only worked on the issuing banks ATMs and POS machines. Since the introduction of Shetab, all banks must adhere to its standards and be able to connect to it. Furthermore, all issued credit or [[debit cards]] must be Shetab capable. As of the end of 2003, the Shetab system had 2,926 ATMs and 16,070 POS units connected to it.<ref name=autogenerated1>http://www.irtp.com/laws/re/NATIONAL%20REPORT%202004.pdf</ref>
Prior to its introduction, some Iranian banks were issuing cards that only worked on the issuing banks ATMs and POS machines. Since the introduction of Shetab, all banks must adhere to its standards and be able to connect to it. Furthermore, all issued credit or [[debit cards]] must be Shetab capable. As of the end of 2017, the Shetab system had 54,300 ATMs connected to it.<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite news|url=https://www.dailytahlil.com/content?cid=48406 |title=Number of active ATMs in Iran |access-date=2018-05-29}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
{{see also|Communications in Iran#Electronic commerce|Industry of Iran#Retail industry|l1=E-commerce in Iran|l2=Retail industry in Iran}}
{{see also|Communications in Iran#Electronic commerce|Industry of Iran#Retail industry|l1=E-commerce in Iran|l2=Retail industry in Iran}}
Shetab was introduced in 2002, and now all card issuing banks in Iran are required to connect to the system.<ref>[http://www.nitc.co.ir/bank/page/2503.aspx]</ref> In 2002, when the system was introduced there were at approximately 2.8 million domestic debit cards in circulation, of those approximately 530,000 were capable of using the Shetab system.<ref>http://a248.e.akamai.net/7/248/3622/2a5c666c2dbb17/www.markets.img.hsbc.com/public/tcm/cibm/pcm/pdf/03.12.30%20Iranfinalword.pdf.</ref>
Shetab was introduced in 2002, and now all card issuing banks in Iran are required to connect to the system.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nitc.co.ir/bank/page/2503.aspx |title=Payment Systems in the I.R.Iran |access-date=2006-07-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070313023214/http://www.nitc.co.ir/bank/page/2503.aspx |archive-date=2007-03-13 }}</ref>

⚫
In 2005, the [[government of Iran|government]] obliged the [[Central Bank of Iran]] and the [[List of banks in Iran|Iranian banks]], mostly state owned, to set up all the necessary infrastructures (regulatory, hardware, software) for fully launching e-money in Iran by March 2005. While this plan has not yet fully materialised, local debit/credit cards are now commonplace and have removed the main obstacle to the growth of e-commerce (in the national scale) as well as the full roll out of e-government initiatives.<ref>http://www.austrade.gov.au/ICT-to-Iran/default.aspx</ref> By 2010 it is expected that 12 million cards would be issued, all of which work with the Shetab system.<ref name=autogenerated2>[http://www.iran-daily.com/1384/2411/html/focus.htm Iran Daily - Economic Focus - 10/27/05<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>


⚫
In 2005, the [[government of Iran|government]] obliged the [[Central Bank of Iran]] and the [[List of banks in Iran|Iranian banks]], mostly state owned, to set up all the necessary infrastructures (regulatory, hardware, software) for fully launching e-money in Iran by March 2005. While this plan has not yet fully materialised, local debit/credit cards are now commonplace and have removed the main obstacle to the growth of e-commerce (in the national scale) as well as the full roll out of e-government initiatives.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.austrade.gov.au/ICT-to-Iran/default.aspx |title=Information and communications technology (ICT) to Iran - for Australian exporters - Austrade |access-date=2009-05-09 |archive-date=2008-07-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080727015312/http://www.austrade.gov.au/ICT-to-Iran/default.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> By 2010 it is expected that 12 million cards would be issued, all of which work with the Shetab system.<ref name=autogenerated2>[http://www.iran-daily.com/1384/2411/html/focus.htm Iran Daily - Economic Focus - 10/27/05<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060427032058/http://www.iran-daily.com/1384/2411/html/focus.htm |date=2006-04-27 }}</ref>
⚫
The Agricultural Bank ([[Keshavarzi Bank]]) was the first Iranian bank to connect to the Shetab system.<ref>[http://www.agri-bank.com/Static/English/About/Profile.asp Agri bank - About Us<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> [[Saman Bank Corp|Saman Bank]] was the first bank to introduce [[online banking]] services in Iran. Since, it has been at the forefront of expansion and enhancement of electronic banking.


⚫
The Agricultural Bank ([[Keshavarzi Bank]]) was the first Iranian bank to connect to the Shetab system.<ref>[http://www.agri-bank.com/Static/English/About/Profile.asp Agri bank - About Us<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061006192729/http://www.agri-bank.com/Static/English/About/Profile.asp |date=2006-10-06 }}</ref>
⚫
In 2007, before the imposition of new [[sanctions against Iran]], Tetra-Tech IT Company announced that using [[VISA]] and [[MasterCard]] is now possible for online sales and in Iranian e-card terminals at shopping malls, hotels, restaurants, and travel agencies for Iranians and foreign tourists.<ref>http://payvand.com/news/07/feb/1159.html</ref> Iran's [[electronic commerce]] will reach 10,000 billion rials ($US1 billion) by March 2009.<ref>[http://www2.irna.ir/en/news/view/menu-234/0812030911192309.htm IRNA: Iran's e-commerce to reach rls10,000b] Retrieved December 3, 2008</ref>


⚫
In 2007, before the imposition of new [[sanctions against Iran]], Tetra-Tech IT Company announced that using [[Visa Inc.|Visa]] and [[Mastercard]] is now possible for online sales and in Iranian e-card terminals at shopping malls, hotels, restaurants, and travel agencies for Iranians and foreign tourists.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://payvand.com/news/07/feb/1159.html|title=VISA and MasterCard usage possible in Iran|date=2007-02-13|website=payvand.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314031627/http://payvand.com/news/07/feb/1159.html|archive-date=2018-03-14|access-date=2018-03-14}}</ref> Iran's [[electronic commerce]] will reach 10,000 billion rials ($US1 billion) by March 2009.<ref>[http://www2.irna.ir/en/news/view/menu-234/0812030911192309.htm IRNA: Iran's e-commerce to reach rls10,000b] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090815143518/http://www2.irna.ir/en/news/view/menu-234/0812030911192309.htm |date=2009-08-15 }} Retrieved December 3, 2008</ref>
In 2010 nearly every bank branch in Iran had a Shetab system Connected ATM unit. More than 70% of shops, restaurants and markets are connected to the Shetab system. Many online stores are also linked to the Shetab system., Mobile and SMS Banking are recent additions to the Shetab system.


==Connectivity==
==Connectivity==
{{see also|Central Bank of Iran#Payment systems|l1=Payment systems in Iran}}
{{see also|Central Bank of Iran#Payment systems|l1=Payment systems in Iran}}
* In March 2005 agreements were reached between the Iranian Central Bank and [[Bahrain]]'s ATM network [[The Benefit Company|Benefit]] as well as the [[United Arab Emirates]]'s [[UAES]] to connect their systems to the Shetab network.
* In March 2005 agreements were reached between the Iranian Central Bank and [[Bahrain]]'s ATM network [[The Benefit Company|Benefit]] as well as the [[United Arab Emirates]]'s [[UAES]] to connect their systems to the Shetab network.
* In October 2005, Iran and [[China]] linked their banking systems.<ref>[http://www.mehrnews.com/en/NewsDetail.aspx?NewsID=236691 Iran’s SHETAB system to be connected to Chinese banks<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
* In October 2005, Iran and [[China]] linked their banking systems.<ref>[http://www.mehrnews.com/en/NewsDetail.aspx?NewsID=236691 Iran’s SHETAB system to be connected to Chinese banks<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524072033/http://www.mehrnews.com/en/NewsDetail.aspx?NewsID=236691 |date=2011-05-24 }}</ref>
* In July 2006 the Shetab system was linked with [[Qatar]]'s ATM network (NAPS).<ref>http://www.qcb.gov.qa/Naps&Shetab.pdf.</ref>
* In July 2006 the Shetab system was linked with [[Qatar]]'s ATM network (NAPS).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.qcb.gov.qa/Naps&Shetab.pdf |title=Archived copy |website=www.qcb.gov.qa |access-date=30 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006130808/http://www.qcb.gov.qa/Naps&Shetab.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* In May 2008, the automated teller machine (ATM) network of Iran has been linked to those in [[Bahrain]], [[Qatar]] and [[Kuwait]], enabling customers to have direct access to their accounts from Iran and the Arab countries.<ref>[http://www.iran-daily.com/1387/3140/html/economy.htm Iran Daily - Domestic Economy - 05/31/08<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
* In May 2008, the automated teller machine (ATM) network of Iran has been linked to those in [[Bahrain]], [[Qatar]] and [[Kuwait]], enabling customers to have direct access to their accounts from Iran and the Arab countries.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20201126070751/http://www.iran-daily.com/1387/3140/html/economy.htm Iran Daily - Domestic Economy - 05/31/08<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
* In December 2016, plans are to link to Japan’s [[JCB Co., Ltd.|JCB]] and China’s [[UnionPay]] over the short term; and to [[Visa card|Visa]] and [[MasterCard]] over the long term.<ref>https://financialtribune.com/articles/economy-business-and-markets/55692/iranian-bank-cards-int-l-linkup-by-march</ref>
* In December 2016, plans are to link to Japan’s [[JCB (credit card company)|JCB]] and China’s [[UnionPay]] over the short term; and to [[Visa Inc.|Visa]] and [[Mastercard]] over the long term.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://financialtribune.com/articles/economy-business-and-markets/55692/iranian-bank-cards-int-l-linkup-by-march|title=Iranian Bank Cards' Int'l Linkup by March|date=2016-12-18|work=Financial Tribune|access-date=2018-03-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314031833/https://financialtribune.com/articles/economy-business-and-markets/55692/iranian-bank-cards-int-l-linkup-by-march|archive-date=2018-03-14|language=en-US}}</ref>
* In July 2024, the Shetab system was linked with Russia's [[Mir (payment system)|Mir]] system.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.ru/finansy/516334-rossia-i-iran-zaversili-integraciu-plateznyh-sistem-mir-i-shetab|title=Россия и Иран завершили интеграцию платежных систем «Мир» и Shetab|date=2024-07-06|work=Forbes Russia|access-date=2024-07-07|language=ru}}</ref>


==Members==
==Members==
{{see also|List of banks in Iran}}
{{see also|List of banks in Iran}}
As of 2010, nearly all [[List of banks in Iran|Iranian banks]] and some international banks in [[Qatar]], [[Kuwait]] and [[Bahrain]] are members of the Shetab System, as follows:<ref name=autogenerated1/><ref>http://www.agri-bank.com/Static/English/mehrcard.asp</ref>
As of 2020, nearly all [[List of banks in Iran|Iranian banks]] and some international banks in [[Qatar]], [[Kuwait]] and [[Bahrain]] are members of the Shetab System, as follows:<ref name=autogenerated1/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.agri-bank.com/Static/English/mehrcard.asp |title=Agri bank - MehrCard |access-date=2010-03-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100105223740/http://www.agri-bank.com/Static/english/mehrcard.asp |archive-date=2010-01-05 }}</ref>
* 1-[[Gharzol-Hasaneh Resalat Bank]]
* 1-[[Bank Sepah]]
* 2-[[Keshavarzi Bank]]
* 2-[[Bank Melli Iran]]
* 3-[[Bank Saderat Iran]]
* 3-[[Bank Keshavarzi Iran]]
* 4-[[Bank Melli Iran]]
* 4-[[Bank Maskan]]
* 5-[[Export Development Bank of Iran]]
* 5-[[Bank Saderat Iran]]
* 6-[[Bank Mellat]]
* 6-[[Refah Bank]]
* 7-[[Bank of Industry and Mine]]
* 7-[[Tejarat Bank]]
* 8-[[Tejarat Bank]]
* 8-[[Bank Mellat]]
* 9-[[Tose'e-Ta'avon Bank]]
* 9-[[Bank of Industry and Mine]]
* 10-[[Bank Sepah]]
* 10-[[Export Development Bank of Iran]]
* 11-[[Sina Bank]]
* 11-[[Karafarin Bank]]
* 12-[[Ayandeh Bank]]
* 12-[[EN Bank]]
* 13-[[Bank Maskan]]
* 13-[[Parsian Bank]]
* 14-[[Refah Bank]]
* 14-[[Saman Bank]]
* 15-[[Post Bank of Iran]]
* 15-[[Bank Pasargad]]
* 16-[[Saman Bank]]
* 16-[[Sarmayeh Bank]]
* 17-[[Karafarin Bank]]
* 17-[[Post Bank of Iran]]
* 18-[[EN Bank]]
* 18-[[Sina Bank]]
* 19-[[Parsian Bank]]
* 19-[[Qarz Al-Hasaneh Mehr Iran Bank]]
* 20-[[Bank Pasargad]]
* 20-[[Tose'e-Ta'avon Bank]]
* 21-[[Middle East Bank]]
* 21-[[Bank Shahr]]
* 22-[[Gharzol-Hasaneh Mehr Iran Bank]]
* 22-[[Bank Day]]
* 23-[[Sarmayeh Bank]]
* 23-[[Tourism Bank]]
* 24-[[Bank Shahr]]
* 24-[[Iran Zamin Bank]]
* 25-[[Bank Day]]
* 25-[[Ayandeh Bank]]
* 26-[[Iran Zamin Bank]]
* 26-[[Qarz Al-Hasaneh Resalat Bank]]
* 27-[[Ansar Bank]]
* 27-[[Middle East Bank]]
* 28-[[Ghavamin Bank]]
* 29-[[Bank Hekmat Iranian]]
* 30-[[Tourism Bank]]


==Impact==
==Impact==
{{see also|Iranian Economic Reform Plan}}
{{see also|Iranian Economic Reform Plan}}
As of 2006, Iran was still very much a cash based society. It is expected that a unified clearance system, such as Shetab, will provide significantly greater [[wikt:efficiency|efficiency]], reduce crime, reduce money printing costs, and improve tax collection among other benefits.<ref name=autogenerated2 /> It is also expected to improve the quality of life of citizens whom, once the system is fully operational, would no longer be required to spend significant amounts of time organizing things in person and would consequently be able to conduct activities immediately over the phone or over the [[internet]].<ref name=autogenerated2 /> The impact of the system is already being felt as corporations establish [[e-commerce]], [[supply chains]], [[online banking]] and retailing systems.<ref>[http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-5533960/IRAN-FIRST-E-BANK-OPENS.html IRAN: FIRST E-BANK OPENS IN TEHRAN. Industry & Business Article - Research, News, Information, Contacts, Divisions, Subsidiaries, Business Associations<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.iran-daily.com/1383/2072/html/panorama.htm Iran Daily<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
As of 2006, Iran was still very much a cash based society. It is expected that a unified clearance system, such as Shetab, will provide significantly greater [[wikt:efficiency|efficiency]], reduce crime, reduce money printing costs, and improve tax collection among other benefits.<ref name=autogenerated2 /> It is also expected to improve the quality of life of citizens whom, once the system is fully operational, would no longer be required to spend significant amounts of time organizing things in person and would consequently be able to conduct activities immediately over the phone or over the [[internet]].<ref name=autogenerated2 /> The impact of the system is already being felt as corporations establish [[e-commerce]], [[supply chains]], [[online banking]] and retailing systems.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-5533960/IRAN-FIRST-E-BANK-OPENS.html|title=Find Local Contractors {{!}} Home Remodeling Contractors on Ecnext|website=goliath.ecnext.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-03-14}}</ref><ref>[http://www.iran-daily.com/1383/2072/html/panorama.htm Iran Daily<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060517161121/http://www.iran-daily.com/1383/2072/html/panorama.htm |date=2006-05-17 }}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
{{Portal|Banks}}
* [[Iranian rial]]
* [[Iranian rial]]
* [[Communications in Iran]]
* [[Communications in Iran]]
Line 82: Line 79:


==External links==
==External links==
* [http://en.tpo.ir/documents/document/11971/12478/Annual-Reviews.aspx Annual Reviews] - Reports by the [[Central Bank of Iran]], including Shetab and electronic banking statistics.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100501001718/http://en.tpo.ir/documents/document/11971/12478/Annual-Reviews.aspx Annual Reviews] - Reports by the [[Central Bank of Iran]], including Shetab and electronic banking statistics.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071018004718/http://iran-daily.com/1385/2770/html/focus.htm Iran-Daily: Banking Reforms] (Press article)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071018004718/http://iran-daily.com/1385/2770/html/focus.htm Iran-Daily: Banking Reforms] (Press article)


Latest revision as of 01:34, 30 October 2024

Shetab
Operating areaIran
Members27 (Iranian Banks)
ATMs57,000 (2019)
Founded2002; 22 years ago (2002)
Websitehttps://www.cbi.ir/page/15728.aspx

Shetab (Persian: شتاب, lit. 'Acceleration'), officially the Interbank Information Transfer Network (Persian: شبکه تبادل اطلاعات بین بانکی), is an electronic banking clearance and automated payments system used in Iran. The system was introduced in 2002 with the intention of creating a uniform backbone for the Iranian banking system to handle ATM, EFTPOS and other card-based transactions.

Prior to its introduction, some Iranian banks were issuing cards that only worked on the issuing banks ATMs and POS machines. Since the introduction of Shetab, all banks must adhere to its standards and be able to connect to it. Furthermore, all issued credit or debit cards must be Shetab capable. As of the end of 2017, the Shetab system had 54,300 ATMs connected to it.[1]

History

[edit]
See also: E-commerce in Iran and Retail industry in Iran

Shetab was introduced in 2002, and now all card issuing banks in Iran are required to connect to the system.[2]

In 2005, the government obliged the Central Bank of Iran and the Iranian banks, mostly state owned, to set up all the necessary infrastructures (regulatory, hardware, software) for fully launching e-money in Iran by March 2005. While this plan has not yet fully materialised, local debit/credit cards are now commonplace and have removed the main obstacle to the growth of e-commerce (in the national scale) as well as the full roll out of e-government initiatives.[3] By 2010 it is expected that 12 million cards would be issued, all of which work with the Shetab system.[4]

The Agricultural Bank (Keshavarzi Bank) was the first Iranian bank to connect to the Shetab system.[5]

In 2007, before the imposition of new sanctions against Iran, Tetra-Tech IT Company announced that using Visa and Mastercard is now possible for online sales and in Iranian e-card terminals at shopping malls, hotels, restaurants, and travel agencies for Iranians and foreign tourists.[6] Iran's electronic commerce will reach 10,000 billion rials ($US1 billion) by March 2009.[7]

Connectivity

[edit]
See also: Payment systems in Iran
  • In March 2005 agreements were reached between the Iranian Central Bank and Bahrain's ATM network Benefit as well as the United Arab Emirates's UAES to connect their systems to the Shetab network.
  • In October 2005, Iran and China linked their banking systems.[8]
  • In July 2006 the Shetab system was linked with Qatar's ATM network (NAPS).[9]
  • In May 2008, the automated teller machine (ATM) network of Iran has been linked to those in Bahrain, Qatar and Kuwait, enabling customers to have direct access to their accounts from Iran and the Arab countries.[10]
  • In December 2016, plans are to link to Japan’s JCB and China’s UnionPay over the short term; and to Visa and Mastercard over the long term.[11]
  • In July 2024, the Shetab system was linked with Russia's Mir system.[12]

Members

[edit]
See also: List of banks in Iran

As of 2020, nearly all Iranian banks and some international banks in Qatar, Kuwait and Bahrain are members of the Shetab System, as follows:[1][13]

Impact

[edit]
See also: Iranian Economic Reform Plan

As of 2006, Iran was still very much a cash based society. It is expected that a unified clearance system, such as Shetab, will provide significantly greater efficiency, reduce crime, reduce money printing costs, and improve tax collection among other benefits.[4] It is also expected to improve the quality of life of citizens whom, once the system is fully operational, would no longer be required to spend significant amounts of time organizing things in person and would consequently be able to conduct activities immediately over the phone or over the internet.[4] The impact of the system is already being felt as corporations establish e-commerce, supply chains, online banking and retailing systems.[14][15]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Number of active ATMs in Iran". Retrieved 2018-05-29.
  2. ^ "Payment Systems in the I.R.Iran". Archived from the original on 2007-03-13. Retrieved 2006-07-30.
  3. ^ "Information and communications technology (ICT) to Iran - for Australian exporters - Austrade". Archived from the original on 2008-07-27. Retrieved 2009-05-09.
  4. ^ a b c Iran Daily - Economic Focus - 10/27/05 Archived 2006-04-27 at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ Agri bank - About Us Archived 2006-10-06 at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ "VISA and MasterCard usage possible in Iran". payvand.com. 2007-02-13. Archived from the original on 2018-03-14. Retrieved 2018-03-14.
  7. ^ IRNA: Iran's e-commerce to reach rls10,000b Archived 2009-08-15 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved December 3, 2008
  8. ^ Iran’s SHETAB system to be connected to Chinese banks Archived 2011-05-24 at the Wayback Machine
  9. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). www.qcb.gov.qa. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2007. Retrieved 30 June 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  10. ^ Iran Daily - Domestic Economy - 05/31/08
  11. ^ "Iranian Bank Cards' Int'l Linkup by March". Financial Tribune. 2016-12-18. Archived from the original on 2018-03-14. Retrieved 2018-03-14.
  12. ^ "Россия и Иран завершили интеграцию платежных систем «Мир» и Shetab". Forbes Russia (in Russian). 2024-07-06. Retrieved 2024-07-07.
  13. ^ "Agri bank - MehrCard". Archived from the original on 2010-01-05. Retrieved 2010-03-08.
  14. ^ "Find Local Contractors | Home Remodeling Contractors on Ecnext". goliath.ecnext.com. Retrieved 2018-03-14.
  15. ^ Iran Daily Archived 2006-05-17 at the Wayback Machine
[edit]
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