Tempel Synagogue (Kraków): Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Reform synagogue in Kraków, Poland}} |
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{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2024}} |
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{{Infobox religious building |
{{Infobox religious building |
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| name = Tempel Synagogue |
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| native_name = {{langx|pl|Synagoga Tempel}} |
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| native_name_lang = |
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| image =Tempel Synagogue in Kraków 6.jpg |
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| image = Tempel (Progressive) Synagogue, 1860 desig. Ignacy Hercok, 24 Miodowa street, Kazimierz, Kraków, Poland.jpg |
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| image_upright = 1.4 |
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| alt = |
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| caption = The synagogue in 2024 |
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| religious_affiliation = [[Reform Judaism]] |
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| map_caption = |
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| tradition = |
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| sect = |
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| district = |
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| prefecture = |
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| province = |
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| religious_affiliation = |
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| region = |
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| deity = |
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| rite = [[Nusach Ashkenaz]] |
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| festival = <!-- or |festivals= --> |
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| organisational_status = [[Synagogue]] <!-- or |organizational_status= --> |
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| functional_status = Active |
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| religious_features_label = |
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| functional_status =Active synagogue |
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| heritage_designation = |
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| location = 24 Miodowa Street, [[Kazimierz]], [[Kraków]], [[Lesser Poland Voivodeship]] |
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| locale = |
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| municipality = |
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| cercle = |
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| state = |
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| country = [[Poland]] |
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| map_type = Poland Lesser Poland Voivodeship |
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| map_size = 250 |
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| map_relief = 1 |
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| map_caption = Location of the synagogue<br/>in [[Lesser Poland Voivodeship]] |
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| coordinates = {{coord|50|3|10.5|N|19|56|40|E|source:plwiki_region:PL_scale:10000_type:landmark|display=it}} |
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| coordinates_footnotes = |
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| heritage_designation = |
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| architect = [[:pl:Ignacy Hercok|Ignacy Hercok]] |
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| architecture_type = [[Synagogue architecture]] |
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| architecture_style = {{ubl|[[Moorish Revival architecture|Moorish Revival]]|''[[Rundbogenstil]]''}} |
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| founded_by = |
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| creator = |
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| general_contractor = |
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| established = |
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| groundbreaking = 1860 |
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| year_completed = 1862 |
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| materials = Brick |
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| architecture =yes |
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| footnotes = <ref name=CJA>{{cite web |url=https://cja.huji.ac.il/mhs/browser.php?mode=set&id=441 |title=Tempel Synagogue in Kraków |work=Historic Synagogues of Europe |publisher=Foundation for Jewish Heritage and the [[Center for Jewish Art]] at the [[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]] |date=n.d. |access-date=31 July 2024 }}</ref> |
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| architect =[[Ignacy Hercok]] |
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| architecture_type = |
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| architecture_style =[[Moorish Revival]] |
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| general_contractor = |
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| groundbreaking =1860 |
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| year_completed =1862 |
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}} |
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The '''Tempel Synagogue''' ({{langx|pl|Synagoga Tempel}}) is a [[Reform Judaism|Reform]] [[Judaism|Jewish]] congregation and [[synagogue]], located at 24 Miodowa Street, in the historic [[Kazimierz]] district of [[Kraków]], in the [[Lesser Poland Voivodeship]] of [[Poland]]. Designed by [[:pl:Ignacy Hercok|Ignacy Hercok]] in the [[Moorish Revival architecture|Moorish Revival]] and ''[[Rundbogenstil]]'' styles and completed in 1862, the synagogue is a major place of worship, and also a booming center of Jewish culture, which hosts numerous concerts and meetings, especially during the [[Jewish Culture Festival in Kraków|Kraków Jewish Culture Festival]]. |
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== History == |
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The '''Tempel Synagogue''' ([[Polish language|Polish]]: ''Synagoga Tempel'') is a synagogue in [[Kraków]], [[Poland]], in the [[Kazimierz]] district. |
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The Moorish Revival and ''Rundbogenstil'' styled-building was designed by [[:pl:Ignacy Hercok|Ignacy Hercok]], and built in 1860–1862 along Miodowa Street. The temple, with its tall central section flanked by lower wings, is designed on the pattern of the [[Leopoldstädter Tempel]], in Vienna, Austria. At the time the synagogue was built, Kraków was part of the [[Austro-Hungarian Empire]]. The richly finished interior is adorned with dense patterns painted in many colors and copious amounts of gold leaf, but the patterns, with the exception of the exquisite Moorish design on the ceiling, are not stylistically Moorish. The arch over the [[Aron Kodesh]] with its pattern of alternating tall and short houses is more in the style of Polish folk art than anything Islamic. The Aron Kodesh is covered by a gold-leaf dome that evokes the dome over the [[Sigismund Chapel]] in the nearby [[Wawel Cathedral]]. |
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The synagogue was desecrated during [[World War II]] by the [[German Nazi]]s, who used the building as ammunition storage area.<ref>{{cite web|website=[[United States Holocaust Memorial Museum]]|url=https://collections.ushmm.org/search/catalog/irn3441|title=Damaged stained glass window likely from the desecrated Tempel Synagogue}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|website=[[World Monuments Fund]]|url=https://www.wmf.org/publication/restoration-tempel-synagogue|title=Restoration of Tempel Synagogue}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|website=World Jewish Travel|url=https://www.worldjewishtravel.org/listing/tempel-synagogue|title=Tempel Synagogue}}</ref> After the war, it was used again for prayers. In 1947, a ''[[mikvah]]'' was built in the northern part of the synagogue. Regular prayers were held until 1985. A large inflow of financial contributions from private donors around the world allowed the synagogue to undergo a vast renovation from 1995 until 2000. It is still active today, although formal prayers are held only a few times a year.<ref>{{cite web|website=civitatis Krakow|url=https://www.introducingkrakow.com/tempel-synagogue|title=Tempel Synagogue in Krakow}}</ref> |
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Tempel Synagogue is not only a major place of worship, but also a booming center of Jewish culture, which hosts numerous concerts and meetings, especially during the [[Jewish Culture Festival in Kraków|Festival]]. |
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== |
== Gallery == |
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<gallery> |
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The [[Moorish Revival]] building was designed by [[:pl:Ignacy Hercok|Ignacy Hercok]], and built in 1860–1862 along Miodowa Street. The temple, with its tall central section flanked by lower wings, is designed on the pattern of the [[Leopoldstädter Tempel]], in Vienna, Austria. At the time the synagogue was built, Kraków was part of the [[Austro-Hungarian Empire]]. The richly finished interior is adorned with dense patterns painted in many colors and copious amounts of gold leaf, but the patterns, with the exception of the exquisite Moorish design on the ceiling, are not stylistically Moorish. The arch over the [[Aron Kodesh]] with its pattern of alternating tall and short houses is more in the style of Polish folk art than anything Islamic. The Aron Kodesh is covered by a gold-leaf dome that evokes the dome over the [[Sigismund Chapel]] in the nearby [[Wawel Cathedral]]. |
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Krakow Synagoga Tempel 20071111 1123 2077.jpg|Interior of the synagogue |
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File:Façade of the Tempel Synagogue of Kraków in June 2024.jpg|Façade of the Tempel Synagogue of Kraków in June 2024 |
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The synagogue was ruined during the [[World War II]] by the [[German Nazi]]s, who used the building as ammunition storage area. After the war, it was used again for prayers. In 1947, a ''[[mikvah]]'' was built in the northern part of the synagogue. Regular prayers were held until 1985. A large inflow of financial contributions from private donors around the world allowed the synagogue to undergo a vast renovation from 1995 until 2000. It is still active today, although formal prayers are held only a few times a year. |
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File:Tempel Synagogue Interior.jpg|The iconic golden ceiling |
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File:Altar in the Temple Synagogue of Kraków.jpg|Altar in the synagogue |
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==Gallery== |
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File:Tempel Synagogue in Kraków 2.jpg|Exterior |
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<gallery class="center" > |
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File:Krakow Synagoga Tempel 20071111 |
File:Krakow Synagoga Tempel 20071111 1141 2144.jpg|Aron Hakodesh |
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File:01238Kraków.JPG|[[Melaveh Malkah]] in Tempel Synagogue |
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File:Tempel Synagogue Interior.jpg|<center>The iconic golden ceiling |
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File:Acknowledgement Plaque in the Tempel Synagogue of Kraków.jpg|Acknowledgement plaque in the synagogue listing the names of the contributors, both individuals and organisations |
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File:Tempel Synagogue in Kraków 2.jpg|<center>Exterior |
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File: |
File:WWII Memorial Plaque in the Tempel Synagogue of Kraków.jpg|WWII memorial plaque in the synagogue |
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File:Posters on the Gates of the Tempel Synagogue of Kraków.jpg|[[Israel–Hamas war hostage crisis|Posters]] on the gates of the synagogue |
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</gallery> |
</gallery> |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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{{stack|{{portal|Judaism|Poland}}}} |
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* [[Synagogues of Krakow]] |
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* [[Chronology of Jewish Polish history]] |
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* [[Remuh Synagogue]] |
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* [[ |
* [[Culture of Kraków]] |
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* [[History of the Jews in Poland]] |
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* [[Izaak Synagogue]] |
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* [[List of active synagogues in Poland]] |
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* [[Wolf Popper Synagogue]] |
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* [[ |
* [[Synagogues of Kraków]] |
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* [[Kupa Synagogue]] |
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== References == |
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{{reflist}} |
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== External links == |
== External links == |
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{{Commons category|Tempel Synagogue of Kazimierz, Kraków}} |
{{Commons category|Tempel Synagogue of Kazimierz, Kraków}} |
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* [http://www.jewishkrakow.net/en/synagogues/tempel www.JewishKrakow.net] - a guide to the Tempel Synagogue as well as Kazimierz in general, Kraków's Jewish quarter |
* [https://archive.today/20071008201316/http://www.jewishkrakow.net/en/synagogues/tempel www.JewishKrakow.net] - a guide to the Tempel Synagogue as well as Kazimierz in general, Kraków's Jewish quarter |
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* [ |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071031051359/http://krakow.jewish.org.pl/ The Jewish Community of Krakow] |
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{{coord|50|3|10.5|N|19|56|40|E|source:plwiki_region:PL_scale:10000|display=title}} |
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{{Synagogues in Poland}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Tempel Synagogue, Krakow}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tempel Synagogue, Krakow}} |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:1862 establishments in the Austrian Empire]] |
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[[Category:19th-century synagogues]] |
[[Category:19th-century synagogues in Poland]] |
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[[Category:Holocaust locations in Poland]] |
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[[Category:Jewish organizations established in 1862]] |
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[[Category:Moorish Revival architecture in Poland]] |
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[[Category:Moorish Revival synagogues]] |
[[Category:Moorish Revival synagogues]] |
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[[Category:Reform synagogues in Poland]] |
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[[Category:Rundbogenstil synagogues]] |
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[[Category:Synagogue buildings with domes]] |
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[[Category:Synagogues completed in 1862]] |
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[[Category:Synagogues in Kraków]] |
[[Category:Synagogues in Kraków]] |
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Latest revision as of 16:10, 27 October 2024
| Tempel Synagogue | |
|---|---|
Polish: Synagoga Tempel | |
_Synagogue,_1860_desig._Ignacy_Hercok,_24_Miodowa_street,_Kazimierz,_Krak%C3%B3w,_Poland.jpg) The synagogue in 2024 | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Reform Judaism |
| Rite | Nusach Ashkenaz |
| Ecclesiastical or organisational status | Synagogue |
| Status | Active |
| Location | |
| Location | 24 Miodowa Street, Kazimierz, Kraków, Lesser Poland Voivodeship |
| Country | Poland |
  Location of the synagogue in Lesser Poland Voivodeship | |
| Geographic coordinates | 50°3′10.5″N 19°56′40″E / 50.052917°N 19.94444°E |
| Architecture | |
| Architect(s) | Ignacy Hercok |
| Type | Synagogue architecture |
| Style | |
| Groundbreaking | 1860 |
| Completed | 1862 |
| Specifications | |
| Dome(s) | One |
| Materials | Brick |
| [1] | |
The Tempel Synagogue (Polish: Synagoga Tempel) is a Reform Jewish congregation and synagogue, located at 24 Miodowa Street, in the historic Kazimierz district of Kraków, in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship of Poland. Designed by Ignacy Hercok in the Moorish Revival and Rundbogenstil styles and completed in 1862, the synagogue is a major place of worship, and also a booming center of Jewish culture, which hosts numerous concerts and meetings, especially during the Kraków Jewish Culture Festival.
History
[edit]The Moorish Revival and Rundbogenstil styled-building was designed by Ignacy Hercok, and built in 1860–1862 along Miodowa Street. The temple, with its tall central section flanked by lower wings, is designed on the pattern of the Leopoldstädter Tempel, in Vienna, Austria. At the time the synagogue was built, Kraków was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The richly finished interior is adorned with dense patterns painted in many colors and copious amounts of gold leaf, but the patterns, with the exception of the exquisite Moorish design on the ceiling, are not stylistically Moorish. The arch over the Aron Kodesh with its pattern of alternating tall and short houses is more in the style of Polish folk art than anything Islamic. The Aron Kodesh is covered by a gold-leaf dome that evokes the dome over the Sigismund Chapel in the nearby Wawel Cathedral.
The synagogue was desecrated during World War II by the German Nazis, who used the building as ammunition storage area.[2][3][4] After the war, it was used again for prayers. In 1947, a mikvah was built in the northern part of the synagogue. Regular prayers were held until 1985. A large inflow of financial contributions from private donors around the world allowed the synagogue to undergo a vast renovation from 1995 until 2000. It is still active today, although formal prayers are held only a few times a year.[5]
Gallery
[edit]-
Interior of the synagogue -
Façade of the Tempel Synagogue of Kraków in June 2024 -
The iconic golden ceiling -
Altar in the synagogue -
Exterior -
Aron Hakodesh -
Melaveh Malkah in Tempel Synagogue -
Acknowledgement plaque in the synagogue listing the names of the contributors, both individuals and organisations -
WWII memorial plaque in the synagogue -
Posters on the gates of the synagogue
See also
[edit]
- Chronology of Jewish Polish history
- Culture of Kraków
- History of the Jews in Poland
- List of active synagogues in Poland
- Synagogues of Kraków
References
[edit]- ^ "Tempel Synagogue in Kraków". Historic Synagogues of Europe. Foundation for Jewish Heritage and the Center for Jewish Art at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. n.d. Retrieved July 31, 2024.
- ^ "Damaged stained glass window likely from the desecrated Tempel Synagogue". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
- ^ "Restoration of Tempel Synagogue". World Monuments Fund.
- ^ "Tempel Synagogue". World Jewish Travel.
- ^ "Tempel Synagogue in Krakow". civitatis Krakow.
External links
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tempel Synagogue of Kazimierz, Kraków.
- www.JewishKrakow.net - a guide to the Tempel Synagogue as well as Kazimierz in general, Kraków's Jewish quarter
- The Jewish Community of Krakow
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 .svg){kind=small} | This article about a synagogue or other Jewish place of worship in Poland is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
Categories:
- 1862 establishments in the Austrian Empire
- 19th-century synagogues in Poland
- Holocaust locations in Poland
- Jewish organizations established in 1862
- Moorish Revival architecture in Poland
- Moorish Revival synagogues
- Reform synagogues in Poland
- Rundbogenstil synagogues
- Synagogue buildings with domes
- Synagogues completed in 1862
- Synagogues in Kraków
- European synagogue stubs
- Polish religious building and structure stubs