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{{Short description|State of Mexico (1824–1830)}}
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{{Infobox former country
{{Use dmy|date=December 2022}}
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|native_name = Sonora y Sinaloa
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{{Infobox former subdivision
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|native_name = Estado de Occidente
|conventional_long_name =
|conventional_long_name =
|common_name = Estado de Occidente
|common_name = Estado de Occidente
|continent = North America
|country = United Mexican States (1824–1864)
|government_type = Federal Republic
|government_type = Federal Republic
|subdivision=State
|
|nation=[[First Mexican Republic|Mexico]]
|event_start =
|event_start =
|year_start = 1824
|year_start = 1824
Line 14: Line 15:
|date_end =
|date_end =
|life_span = 1824 - 1830
|life_span = 1824 - 1830
|
|p1 = Nueva Navarra
|p1 = Nueva Navarra
|flag_p1 = Flag of New Spain.svg
|flag_p1 = Flag of New Spain.svg
|s1 = Republic of Sonora
|s1 = Sonora
|flag_s1 = Flag of the Republic of Sonora.svg
|flag_s1 = Flag of Sonora.svg
|s2 = Sinaloa
|s2 = Sinaloa
|flag_s2 = Flag of Sinaloa.svg
|flag_s2 = Flag of Sinaloa.svg
|image_flag = Bandera Histórica de la República Mexicana (1824-1918).svg
|image_flag = Bandera Histórica de la República Mexicana (1824-1918).svg
|image_map =
|image_map = Sonora y Sinaloa in Mexico (1824).svg
|image_map_caption = Sonora y Sinaloa within Mexico
|image_map_size =
|capital = [[El Fuerte, Sinaloa|El Fuerte]]<br>[[Cosalá]] (unknown date)<br>[[Álamos, Sonora|Álamos]] (1828-1830)
|image_map_caption =
|capital = [[El Fuerte, Sinaloa|El Fuerte]]
|leader1 =
|leader1 =
|
|stat_year1 =
|stat_year1 =
|stat_area1 =
|stat_area1 =
|stat_pop1 =
|stat_pop1 =
|today= Mexico
⚫
* [[Sinaloa]]
* [[Sonora]]

United States
* [[Arizona]]
* [[New Mexico]]
}}
}}
⚫
'''Estado de Occidente''' ({{langx|en|Western State}}; also known as '''Sonora y Sinaloa''') was a Mexican state established in 1824. The constitution was drafted in that year and the government was initially established with its capital at [[El Fuerte, Sinaloa]]. The first governor was Juan Miguel Riesgo. The state consisted of modern [[Sonora]] and [[Sinaloa]], and also modern [[Arizona]] more or less south of the [[Gila River]] (although in much of this area the [[Yaqui]], [[Pima people|Pima]], [[Apaches]], and other native inhabitants at certain times did not recognize the rule of the state).


⚫
The constitution was established in 1825 with one of its principles being the making of all inhabitants of the state citizens. This was resented by the Yaqui since they now had to pay taxes, which they had been exempt from before. The Yaqui also considered themselves possessed of sovereignty and territorial rights which were threatened by the state's new constitution.
⚫
'''Estado de Occidente''' ('''State of the West" '''also known as '''Sonora y Sinaloa''') was a Mexican state established in 1824. The constitution was drafted in that year and the government was initially established with its capital at [[El Fuerte, Sinaloa]]. The first governor was [[Juan Miguel Riesgo]]. The state consisted of modern [[Sonora]], [[Sinaloa]] and also modern Arizona at least the region south of the [[Gila River]], although in much of this area the Yaqui, [[Pima people|Pima]], [[Apaches]] and other native inhabitants did not recognize the authority of the state.


⚫
This led to a new outbreak of war between the Mexicans and the Yaquis (see [[Yaqui Wars]]) with [[Juan Banderas]] as the leader of the Yaqui forces. As a result of this war the capital of Occidente was moved to [[Cosalá]] and then in 1828 to [[Álamos, Sonora|Álamos]].
⚫
The constitution was established in 1825 with one of its principals being the making of all inhabitants of the state citizens. This was resented by the [[Yaqui]] since they now had to pay taxes, which they had been exempt from before. The Yaqui also considered themselves possessed of sovereignty and territorial rights which were threatened by the states new constitution.

⚫
This led to a new outbreak of war between the Mexicans and the Yaquis (see [[Yaqui Wars]]) with [[Juan Banderas]] as the leader of the Yaqui forces. As a result of this war the capital of Occidente was moved to [[Cosala]].


Sonora and Sinaloa were again split into two separate states in 1830.
Sonora and Sinaloa were again split into two separate states in 1830.


==Sonora y Sinaloa state==
==One state: Sonora y Sinaloa==
Under its [[1824 Constitution of Mexico|Constitution of 1824]] Sonora y Sinaloa was a state of the Mexican Republic. The federal constitution used the name "Sonora y Sinaloa". However the state constitution, adopted on 31 October 1825, used the name '''Estado de Occidente''' ("State of the West"). The Sonora y Sinaloa state capital was located at [[El Fuerte, Sinaloa]]. The first [[Governor of Sonora|Governor of Sonora y Sinaloa]] was the Sonoran Juan Miguel Riesgo.
Under its [[1824 Constitution of Mexico|Constitution of 1824]], Sonora y Sinaloa was a single state of the Mexican Republic. The federal constitution used the name "Sonora y Sinaloa." However the state constitution adopted on 31 October 1825 used the name '''Estado de Occidente'''. The Sonora y Sinaloa state capital was located at [[El Fuerte, Sinaloa]]. The first [[Governor of Sonora|Governor of Sonora y Sinaloa]] was the Sonoran Juan Miguel Riesgo.


==Sonora -and- Sinaloa states==
==Two states: Sonora and Sinaloa==
On 30 September 1830, due to constant internal disputes, the state was divided into two – the states of '''[[Sonora]]''' and '''[[Sinaloa]]'''. While the territory of Sinaloa corresponds to that of the modern-day state of the same name.
On 30 September 1830, due to constant internal disputes, the state was divided into two states: Sonora and Sinaloa. The territory of Sinaloa corresponds to that of the modern-day state of the same name. The territory of Sonora includes all of the modern state of the same name with the exception of the areas that were ceded to the [[United States]] during the [[Mexican Cession]] and the [[Gadsden Purchase]] in 1848 and 1854 respectively.


==Mexican-American War and territory==
==Mexican-American War and territory==
Sonora of the 1820s extended north beyond the present day [[United States–Mexico border]]. Settlements only existed in the extreme south of the current State of [[Spanish period of Arizona|Arizona]] and the northern frontier was not defined. Maps from the period will show the northern border abover today's international border or as far as either the [[Gila River]] or the [[Colorado River]] in the [[Grand Canyon]]. [[The Mexican-American War]], 1848 [[Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo]], and especially the [[Gadsden Purchase]] established the present border.
Sonora of the 1820s extended north beyond the present-day [[United States–Mexico border]]. Settlements existed only in the extreme south of the current state of Arizona and the northern frontier was not defined. Maps from the period show the northern border above today's international border, as far as either the [[Gila River]] or the [[Colorado River]] in the [[Grand Canyon]]. [[The Mexican-American War]], the 1848 [[Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo]], and especially the [[Gadsden Purchase]] established the present border.


==Sources==
==Sources==
*Spicer, Edward H. ''Cycles of Conquest''. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1962.
*Spicer, Edward H. ''Cycles of Conquest''. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1962.


{{Former sovereign or unrecognized states within the United States}}

{{coord missing|Mexico}}

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[[Category:History of Sinaloa]]
[[Category:History of Sonora]]
[[Category:1824 establishments in Mexico]]
[[Category:Historical geography of Mexico]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1824]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1824]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1830]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1830]]
[[Category:Sinaloa]]
[[Category:Pre-statehood history of Arizona]]
[[Category:History of Mexico]]
[[Category:Former states of Mexico]]
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[[Category:History of Arizona]]

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[[ca:Sonora i Sinaloa]]
[[es:Estado de Occidente]]
[[fr:Sonora y Sinaloa]]
[[it:Estado de Occidente]]
[[nl:Sonora y Sinaloa]]

Latest revision as of 06:46, 26 October 2024

Estado de Occidente
State of Mexico
1824 - 1830
Flag of Estado de Occidente
Flag

Sonora y Sinaloa within Mexico
CapitalEl Fuerte
Cosalá (unknown date)
Álamos (1828-1830)
 • TypeFederal Republic
History 
• Established
1824
• Disestablished
1830
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Nueva Navarra
Sonora
Sinaloa
Today part ofMexico

United States

Estado de Occidente (English: Western State; also known as Sonora y Sinaloa) was a Mexican state established in 1824. The constitution was drafted in that year and the government was initially established with its capital at El Fuerte, Sinaloa. The first governor was Juan Miguel Riesgo. The state consisted of modern Sonora and Sinaloa, and also modern Arizona more or less south of the Gila River (although in much of this area the Yaqui, Pima, Apaches, and other native inhabitants at certain times did not recognize the rule of the state).

The constitution was established in 1825 with one of its principles being the making of all inhabitants of the state citizens. This was resented by the Yaqui since they now had to pay taxes, which they had been exempt from before. The Yaqui also considered themselves possessed of sovereignty and territorial rights which were threatened by the state's new constitution.

This led to a new outbreak of war between the Mexicans and the Yaquis (see Yaqui Wars) with Juan Banderas as the leader of the Yaqui forces. As a result of this war the capital of Occidente was moved to Cosalá and then in 1828 to Álamos.

Sonora and Sinaloa were again split into two separate states in 1830.

One state: Sonora y Sinaloa

[edit]

Under its Constitution of 1824, Sonora y Sinaloa was a single state of the Mexican Republic. The federal constitution used the name "Sonora y Sinaloa." However the state constitution adopted on 31 October 1825 used the name Estado de Occidente. The Sonora y Sinaloa state capital was located at El Fuerte, Sinaloa. The first Governor of Sonora y Sinaloa was the Sonoran Juan Miguel Riesgo.

Two states: Sonora and Sinaloa

[edit]

On 30 September 1830, due to constant internal disputes, the state was divided into two states: Sonora and Sinaloa. The territory of Sinaloa corresponds to that of the modern-day state of the same name. The territory of Sonora includes all of the modern state of the same name with the exception of the areas that were ceded to the United States during the Mexican Cession and the Gadsden Purchase in 1848 and 1854 respectively.

Mexican-American War and territory

[edit]

Sonora of the 1820s extended north beyond the present-day United States–Mexico border. Settlements existed only in the extreme south of the current state of Arizona and the northern frontier was not defined. Maps from the period show the northern border above today's international border, as far as either the Gila River or the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon. The Mexican-American War, the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, and especially the Gadsden Purchase established the present border.

Sources

[edit]
  • Spicer, Edward H. Cycles of Conquest. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1962.

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