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{{about|the third|others|Niccolò d'Este (disambiguation){{!}}Niccolò d'Este}}
{{more footnotes|date=June 2014}}
{{more footnotes|date=June 2014}}
{{ infobox nobility
{{Infobox nobility
| name = Niccolò III d'Este, Marquis of Ferrara
| image = Nicolo III d'Este, Marquess of Ferrara, attributed to Amadio da Milano, designed after 1431 or c. 1441 - Chazen Museum of Art - DSC02135.JPG
| image = Nicolo III d'Este, Marquess of Ferrara, attributed to Amadio da Milano, designed after 1431 or c. 1441 - Chazen Museum of Art - DSC02135.JPG
| caption = Niccolò III d'Este, attributed to [[Amadio da Milano]]
| caption = Medal attributed to [[Amadio da Milano]], after 1431 or {{circa|1441}}
| noble family = [[House of Este]]
|CoA=|tenure=|predecessor=| noble family = [[House of Este]]
| father = [[Alberto d'Este]]
|issue=[[Ugo d'Este|Ugo]]<br>[[Leonello d'Este|Leonello]]<br>[[Borso d'Este|Borso]]<br>[[Ercole I d'Este|Ercole]]| father = [[Alberto d'Este]]
| mother = Isotta Albaresani
| mother = Isotta Albaresani
| spouse = [[Gigliola da Carrara]]<br/>[[Parisina Malatesta]]<br/>Ricciarda of Saluzzo
| spouse = [[Gigliola da Carrara]]<br/>[[Parisina Malatesta]]<br/>[[Ricciarda, Marchioness of Saluzzo|Ricciarda of Saluzzo]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1383|11|9|df=yes}}
|successor=| birth_date = 9 November 1383
| birth_place = [[Ferrara]]
| birth_place = [[Ferrara|Commune of Ferrara]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1441|12|26|1383|11|9|df=yes}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|1441|12|26|1383|11|9|df=yes}}
| death_place =
| death_place =[[Milan]], [[Duchy of Milan]]
}}
}}
{{Commons category}}
{{Commonscat|Niccolò III d'Este}}


'''Niccolò III d'Este''' (November 9, 1383 &ndash; December 26, 1441) was [[Marquess of Ferrara]] from 1393 until his death. He was also a [[condottiero]].
'''Niccolò III d'Este''' (9 November 1383 &ndash; 26 December 1441) was [[Marquess of Ferrara]] from 1393 until his death. He was also a [[condottiero]].


==Biography==
==Biography==
Born in [[Ferrara]], the son of [[Alberto d'Este]] and Isotta Albaresani, he inherited the rule of the city when he was only 10 years old, under the protection of the [[Republic of Venice|Republics of Venice]], [[Republic of Florence|Florence]] and [[History of Bologna|Bologna]]. He was attacked by his relative [[Azzo X d'Este]], a general of [[Gian Galeazzo Visconti]], [[Duke of Milan]], a descendant of [[Obizzo II d'Este]] who contested Niccolò the right to rule in Ferrara due to his illegitimate birth.<ref>Although Niccolò had been later legitimated by his father.</ref> Azzo was however taken prisoner by [[Astorre I Manfredi]] in the ensuing war, and any menace over Niccolò's rule disappeared.
Born in [[Ferrara]], the son of [[Alberto d'Este]] and Isotta Albaresani, he inherited the rule of the city in 1393 when only 10 years old. As a minor he was guided by a Regency Council supported by the [[Republic of Venice|Republics of Venice]], [[Republic of Florence|Florence]] and [[History of Bologna|Bologna]].


In 1395 the troops of the Regency Council were attacked at the [[Battle of Portomaggiore]] by Niccolò's relative [[Azzo X d'Este]], a descendant of [[Obizzo II d'Este]], who contested Niccolò's right to rule in Ferrara due to his illegitimate birth, even though Niccolò had been legitimated by his father. However, Azzo's mercenary forces were defeated in the battle and Azzo himself taken prisoner and subsequently imprisoned by [[Astorre I Manfredi]], commander of the Regency Council forces, thus removing the threat to Niccolò's rule.
⚫
In 1397 he married [[Gigliola da Carrara|Gigliola]] [[Carraresi|da Carrara]], daughter of [[Francesco II da Carrara]], lord of [[Padua]].


⚫
In 1397 Niccolò married [[Gigliola da Carrara|Gigliola]] [[Carraresi|da Carrara]], daughter of [[Francesco II da Carrara]], lord of [[Padua]].
⚫
In 1403 he joined the league formed against the Duke of Milan, being appointed [[Captain General of the Church|Captain General]] of the Papal Army by [[Pope Boniface IX]]. In 1405 he ceded the ancestral family lands near [[Este, Veneto|Este]] to Venice.
In 1410 the fighting master [[Fiore dei Liberi]] dedicated his treatise, the [[Fior di Battaglia]], to him.
⚫
This manuscript is a large part of the foundation of modern attempts to rebuild the [[Western martial arts]]. In 1413 he made a pilgrimage to the [[Holy Land]]. In 1418 he remarried to [[Parisina Malatesta]], daughter of [[Andrea Malatesta]]. Fearing the ambitions of [[Filippo Maria Visconti]], two years later he ceded him the possession of [[Parma]].


⚫
In 1403 he joined the league formed against [[Gian Maria Visconti]], Duke of Milan, being appointed [[Captain General of the Church|Captain General]] of the Papal Army by [[Pope Boniface IX]]. In 1405 he ceded the ancestral family lands near [[Este, Veneto|Este]] to Venice.
In 1425 Niccolò had both his wife Parisina and his illegitimate son Ugo executed on charges of adultery. In that year he was again commander-in-chief of the anti-Visconti league. In 1429 his illegitimate son was named heir of the Marquisate.

⚫
In 1410 the fighting master [[Fiore dei Liberi]] dedicated his treatise, the [[Fior di Battaglia]], to him. In 1413 he made a pilgrimage to the [[Holy Land]]. In 1418 he remarried to [[Parisina Malatesta]], daughter of [[Andrea Malatesta]]. Two years later, fearing the ambitions of [[Filippo Maria Visconti]], he ceded to him the possession of [[Parma]].

In 1425 Niccolò had both his wife Parisina and his illegitimate son Ugo executed on charges of adultery, as well as decreeing that all women within his domains found to be guilty of adultery were to be put to death. He had to rescind this order once it was determined that this action would depopulate Ferrara.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Renaissance|last=Durant|first=Will|publisher=Simon and Schuster|year=1953|series=[[The Story of Civilization]]|volume=5|location=New York|pages=262}}</ref> In that year he was again commander-in-chief of the anti-Visconti league. In 1429 his illegitimate son was named heir of the Marquisate.


The role of Niccolò as a prestigious leader in Italy was confirmed when his city was chosen as the seat of a [[council of Ferrara|council]] in 1438.
The role of Niccolò as a prestigious leader in Italy was confirmed when his city was chosen as the seat of a [[council of Ferrara|council]] in 1438.


==Marriages and children==
==Marriages and children==
[[File:Niccolo III d'Este.jpg|thumb|Niccolò III in the ''[[Genealogia dei principi d'Este]]'' (1470s)]]
Niccolò had children with at least eleven different women.
Niccolò had children with at least eleven different women.


He married first [[Gigliola da Carrara]], daughter of [[Francesco Novello da Carrara|Francesco II da Carrara]], lord of [[Padua]] in June, 1397. She died of the plague in 1416. They had no known children.
He married first [[Gigliola da Carrara]], daughter of [[Francesco Novello da Carrara|Francesco II da Carrara]], lord of [[Padua]] in June 1397. She died of the plague in 1416. They had no known children.


He married secondly [[Parisina Malatesta]], daughter of [[Andrea Malatesta]]. He had her executed on 21 May 1425 for allegedly having an affair with his illegitimate son [[Ugo d'Este]]. They had three children:
He married secondly [[Parisina Malatesta]], daughter of [[Andrea Malatesta]]. He had her executed on 21 May 1425 for allegedly having an affair with his illegitimate son [[Ugo d'Este]]. They had three children:


*Ginevra d'Este (born 1419). Married her maternal relative [[Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta]].
*[[Ginevra d'Este]] (24 March 1419 – 12 October 1440). Married her maternal relative [[Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta]].
*Luzia d'Este (24 March 1419 - 28 June 1437). Married [[Carlo Gonzaga of Milan]], Lord of [[Sabbioneta]].
*Luzia d'Este (24 March 1419 – 28 June 1437). Married [[Carlo Gonzaga of Milan]], Lord of [[Sabbioneta]].
*Alberto Carlo d'Este (born and deceased in 1421).
*Alberto Carlo d'Este (born and deceased in 1421).


He married thirdly Ricciarda of Saluzzo in 1429. She was a daughter of [[Thomas III, Marquess of Saluzzo|Thomas III of Saluzzo]] and [[Marguerite of Pierrepont]]. They had two children:
He married thirdly [[Ricciarda, Marchioness of Saluzzo|Ricciarda of Saluzzo]] in 1429. She was a daughter of [[Thomas III, Marquess of Saluzzo|Thomas III of Saluzzo]] and [[Marguerite of Pierrepont]]. They had two children:


*[[Ercole I d'Este, Duke of Ferrara|Ercole I d'Este]] (October 26, 1431 – June 15, 1505).
*[[Ercole I d'Este, Duke of Ferrara|Ercole I d'Este]] (26 October 1431 – 15 June 1505).
*Sigismondo d'Este (1433 - 1 April 1507).
*[[Sigismondo d'Este (1433–1507)|Sigismondo d'Este]] (1433 – 1 April 1507).


He also had eleven illegitimate children:
He also had eleven illegitimate children:


*[[Ugo d'Este]]. Executed by his father on 21 May 1425 for allegedly having an affair with his stepmother Parisina [[House of Malatesta|Malatesta]]
*[[Ugo d'Este]] (1405–1425). Son by Stella de' Tolomei. Executed by his father on 21 May 1425 for allegedly having an affair with his stepmother Parisina [[House of Malatesta|Malatesta]]
*Meliaduse d'Este, Abbot of Pomposa and Ferrara, (1406–1452). Son by Caterina of [[Medici]].
*Meliaduse d'Este, Abbot of Pomposa and Ferrara, (1406–1452). Son by Caterina of [[Medici]].
*[[Leonello d'Este, Marquis of Ferrara|Leonello d'Este]] (1407–1450). Son by Stella de' Tolomei.
*[[Leonello d'Este, Marquis of Ferrara|Leonello d'Este]] (1407–1450). Son by [[Stella de’ Tolomei]].
*Margherita d'Este (1411–1452). Married Galeotto Roberto Malatesta (1411–1432). Married Galassio II Pio.
*[[Borso d'Este, Duke of Ferrara|Borso d'Este]] (1413–1471). Son by Stella de' Tolomei.
*[[Borso d'Este, Duke of Ferrara|Borso d'Este]] (1413–1471). Son by Stella de' Tolomei.
*Alberto d'Este (1415 - 8 April 1502). Son by Filippa della Tavola.
*Alberto d'Este (1415 – 8 April 1502). Son by Filippa della Tavola.
*Isotta d'Este (1425–1456). Daughter by Filippa della Tavola. Married first [[Oddantonio da Montefeltro]], [[Duke of Urbino]] and secondly [[Stjepan III Frankopan Modruški|Stjepan III Frankopan Modruški (Stephen Frangipani)]], Prince of [[Krk]], [[Senj]] and [[Modruš]], a member of [[Frankopan]] noble family (Croatia).
*Isotta d'Este (1425–1456). Daughter by Filippa della Tavola. Married first [[Oddantonio da Montefeltro]], [[Duke of Urbino]] and secondly [[Stjepan III Frankopan Modruški|Stjepan III Frankopan Modruški (Stephen Frangipani)]], Prince of [[Krk]], [[Senj]] and [[Modruš]], a member of [[Frankopan]] noble family (Croatia).
*Beatrice d'Este (1427–1497). Married Niccolò of Correggio.
*Beatrice d'Este (1427–1497). Married in her first marriage to Niccolò of Correggio, and in her second marriage Tristano Sforza son of [[Francesco I Sforza|Francesco Sforza.]]
*Rinaldo d'Este, Lord of Ostellato (c. 1435 - 1535). Son by Anna de Roberti.
*Rinaldo d'Este, Lord of Ostellato (c. 1435 – 1535). Son by Anna de Roberti.
*Bianca Maria d'Este (18 December 1440 - 12 January 1506). Daughter by Anna de Roberti. Married Galeotto I Pico, Lord della Mirandola.
*Bianca Maria d'Este (18 December 1440 – 12 January 1506). Daughter by Anna de Roberti. Married [[Galeotto I Pico]], Lord della Mirandola.
*Gurone d'Este (d. 1484). An Abbot.
*Gurone d'Este (d. 1484). An Abbot.
*Camilla d'Este. Married Rodolfo da Varano of [[Camerino]].
*Camilla d'Este. Married Rodolfo da Varano of [[Camerino]].


==References==
==Notes==
⚫
{{Reflist}}
⚫
* [[Ludovico Antonio Muratori|L. A. Muratori]]. ''Delle antichità Estensi''. 1717, Modena;

==Sources==
⚫
* [[Ludovico Antonio Muratori|L. A. Muratori]]. ''Delle antichità Estensi''. 1717, Modena.
* G. B. Pigna. ''Historia dei Principi d'Este''. 1570, Ferrara.
* G. B. Pigna. ''Historia dei Principi d'Este''. 1570, Ferrara.
* Antonio Menniti Ippolito, Este, Niccolò III d’, in Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, XLIII, Roma 1993, pp.&nbsp;396–403.
* Antonio Menniti Ippolito, Este, Niccolò III d’, in Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, XLIII, Roma 1993, pp.&nbsp;396–403.
* [[Mary Hollingsworth|M. Hollingsworth]]. ''Princes of the Renaissance.'' 2021, London.

==Footnotes==
⚫
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
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{{S-start}}
{{S-start}}
{{S-hou|[[House of Este]]|9 November|1383|26 December|1441}}
{{S-hou|[[House of Este]]|9 November|1383|26 December|1441}}
{{succession box | before=[[Alberto d'Este|Alberto]] | title=[[Duke of Ferrara|Marquess of Ferrara]]| years=1393-1441| after=[[Leonello d'Este|Leonello]]}}
{{succession box | before=[[Alberto d'Este, Marquis of Ferrara|Alberto]] | title=[[Duke of Ferrara|Marquess of Ferrara]]| years=1393–1441| after=[[Leonello d'Este, Marquis of Ferrara|Leonello]]}}
{{S-end}}
{{S-end}}
{{Authority control}}


{{Persondata
| name = Este, Niccolò III
| alternative names =
| short description = Duke of Ferrara (1393-1441)
| date of birth = 9 November 1383
| place of birth = [[Ferrara]]
| date of death = 26 December 1441
| place of death =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Este, Niccolo 03}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Este, Niccolo 03}}
[[Category:1383 births]]
[[Category:1383 births]]
[[Category:1441 deaths]]
[[Category:1441 deaths]]
⚫
[[Category:People from Ferrara]]
[[Category:House of Este|Niccolo 3]]
[[Category:House of Este|Niccolo 3]]
[[Category:Margraves of Ferrara]]
[[Category:Margraves of Ferrara]]
[[Category:Condottieri]]
[[Category:15th-century condottieri]]
[[Category:14th-century Italian people]]
[[Category:14th-century Italian nobility]]
[[Category:15th-century Italian people]]
[[Category:Burials at the Corpus Domini Monastery, Ferrara]]
[[Category:Burials at the Corpus Domini Monastery, Ferrara]]
⚫
[[Category:Lords of Faenza]]

Latest revision as of 00:37, 25 October 2024

This article is about the third. For others, see Niccolò d'Este.
Niccolò III d'Este
Medal attributed to Amadio da Milano, after 1431 or c. 1441
Born9 November 1383
Commune of Ferrara
Died26 December 1441(1441-12-26) (aged 58)
Milan, Duchy of Milan
Noble familyHouse of Este
Spouse(s)Gigliola da Carrara
Parisina Malatesta
Ricciarda of Saluzzo
IssueUgo
Leonello
Borso
Ercole
FatherAlberto d'Este
MotherIsotta Albaresani
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Niccolò III d'Este, Marquis of Ferrara.

Niccolò III d'Este (9 November 1383 – 26 December 1441) was Marquess of Ferrara from 1393 until his death. He was also a condottiero.

Biography

[edit]

Born in Ferrara, the son of Alberto d'Este and Isotta Albaresani, he inherited the rule of the city in 1393 when only 10 years old. As a minor he was guided by a Regency Council supported by the Republics of Venice, Florence and Bologna.

In 1395 the troops of the Regency Council were attacked at the Battle of Portomaggiore by Niccolò's relative Azzo X d'Este, a descendant of Obizzo II d'Este, who contested Niccolò's right to rule in Ferrara due to his illegitimate birth, even though Niccolò had been legitimated by his father. However, Azzo's mercenary forces were defeated in the battle and Azzo himself taken prisoner and subsequently imprisoned by Astorre I Manfredi, commander of the Regency Council forces, thus removing the threat to Niccolò's rule.

In 1397 Niccolò married Gigliola da Carrara, daughter of Francesco II da Carrara, lord of Padua.

In 1403 he joined the league formed against Gian Maria Visconti, Duke of Milan, being appointed Captain General of the Papal Army by Pope Boniface IX. In 1405 he ceded the ancestral family lands near Este to Venice.

In 1410 the fighting master Fiore dei Liberi dedicated his treatise, the Fior di Battaglia, to him. In 1413 he made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. In 1418 he remarried to Parisina Malatesta, daughter of Andrea Malatesta. Two years later, fearing the ambitions of Filippo Maria Visconti, he ceded to him the possession of Parma.

In 1425 Niccolò had both his wife Parisina and his illegitimate son Ugo executed on charges of adultery, as well as decreeing that all women within his domains found to be guilty of adultery were to be put to death. He had to rescind this order once it was determined that this action would depopulate Ferrara.[1] In that year he was again commander-in-chief of the anti-Visconti league. In 1429 his illegitimate son was named heir of the Marquisate.

The role of Niccolò as a prestigious leader in Italy was confirmed when his city was chosen as the seat of a council in 1438.

Marriages and children

[edit]
Niccolò III in the Genealogia dei principi d'Este (1470s)

Niccolò had children with at least eleven different women.

He married first Gigliola da Carrara, daughter of Francesco II da Carrara, lord of Padua in June 1397. She died of the plague in 1416. They had no known children.

He married secondly Parisina Malatesta, daughter of Andrea Malatesta. He had her executed on 21 May 1425 for allegedly having an affair with his illegitimate son Ugo d'Este. They had three children:

He married thirdly Ricciarda of Saluzzo in 1429. She was a daughter of Thomas III of Saluzzo and Marguerite of Pierrepont. They had two children:

He also had eleven illegitimate children:

  • Ugo d'Este (1405–1425). Son by Stella de' Tolomei. Executed by his father on 21 May 1425 for allegedly having an affair with his stepmother Parisina Malatesta
  • Meliaduse d'Este, Abbot of Pomposa and Ferrara, (1406–1452). Son by Caterina of Medici.
  • Leonello d'Este (1407–1450). Son by Stella de’ Tolomei.
  • Margherita d'Este (1411–1452). Married Galeotto Roberto Malatesta (1411–1432). Married Galassio II Pio.
  • Borso d'Este (1413–1471). Son by Stella de' Tolomei.
  • Alberto d'Este (1415 – 8 April 1502). Son by Filippa della Tavola.
  • Isotta d'Este (1425–1456). Daughter by Filippa della Tavola. Married first Oddantonio da Montefeltro, Duke of Urbino and secondly Stjepan III Frankopan Modruški (Stephen Frangipani), Prince of Krk, Senj and Modruš, a member of Frankopan noble family (Croatia).
  • Beatrice d'Este (1427–1497). Married in her first marriage to Niccolò of Correggio, and in her second marriage Tristano Sforza son of Francesco Sforza.
  • Rinaldo d'Este, Lord of Ostellato (c. 1435 – 1535). Son by Anna de Roberti.
  • Bianca Maria d'Este (18 December 1440 – 12 January 1506). Daughter by Anna de Roberti. Married Galeotto I Pico, Lord della Mirandola.
  • Gurone d'Este (d. 1484). An Abbot.
  • Camilla d'Este. Married Rodolfo da Varano of Camerino.

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Durant, Will (1953). The Renaissance. The Story of Civilization. Vol. 5. New York: Simon and Schuster. p. 262.

Sources

[edit]
  • L. A. Muratori. Delle antichità Estensi. 1717, Modena.
  • G. B. Pigna. Historia dei Principi d'Este. 1570, Ferrara.
  • Antonio Menniti Ippolito, Este, Niccolò III d’, in Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, XLIII, Roma 1993, pp. 396–403.
  • M. Hollingsworth. Princes of the Renaissance. 2021, London.
[edit]


Niccolò III d'Este
Born: 9 November 1383 Died: 26 December 1441
Preceded by Marquess of Ferrara
1393–1441 		Succeeded by
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