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{{Short description|Irish auctioneer and amateur biologist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
|name = George Crawford Hyndman
|name = George Crawford Hyndman
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|resting_place =
|resting_place =
|resting_place_coordinates =
|resting_place_coordinates =
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|nationality = [[Irish people|Irish (1796-1800)]] and [[British people|British (1801-1867)]]
|residence =
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|nationality = [[Irish people|Irish]]
|other_names =
|other_names =
|known_for =
|known_for =
|education =
|education =
|employer =
|employer =
|occupation = [[Botany]]
|occupation = [[Botany]], [[Zoology]]
|home_town =
|title =
|title =
|salary =
|networth =
|height =
|height =
|weight =
|term =
|term =
|predecessor =
|predecessor =
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|party =
|party =
|boards =
|boards =
|religion =
|spouse =
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|partner =
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|website =
|website =
|footnotes =
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}}
}}'''George Crawford Hyndman''' (1796–1867) was an [[Irish people|Irish]] [[auctioneer]] and amateur [[biologist]]
'''George Crawford Hyndman''' (1796–1867) was an [[Irish people|Irish]] [[auctioneer]] and amateur [[biologist]].


He was the son of [[Cherry Crawford Hyndman]] (1766-1845) and James Hyndman (1761?–1825), a Belfast Woollen merchant. Both parents, in the 1790s, were active in the republican Society of United Irishmen. In heavily garrisoned Belfast, neither appear to have been implicated in the 1798 rebellion, but, for whatever reason, James Hyndman did not join other merchants and local dignitaries in signing a proclamation published just before the risings to the north and south of the town in June, which expressed support for the government.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Lunney|first=Linda|date=2009|title=Hyndman, George Crawford {{!}} Dictionary of Irish Biography|url=https://www.dib.ie/biography/hyndman-george-crawford-a4190|access-date=2022-02-11|website=www.dib.ie}}</ref>
Hyndman from [[Belfast]] was mainly interested in [[marine zoology]] and [[marine botany]] (particularly [[molluscs]] and [[algae]]). His specimens of both groups may now be found in the [[Ulster Museum]] the algae in the [[Herbarium]].In his early years Hyndman formed an insect collection (now in the same repository) and clearly had an interest in all ascpects of local [[natural history]].
[[Image:Hyndman Ms.jpg|thumb|Hyndman's insect diary|left]]


George was educated at the Belfast Academy until apprenticed to his father’s business at age 14. After his father died in 1825, he took the business over while devoting his leisure time to Irish natural history.<ref name=":0" /> He was particularly interested in the study of [[marine zoology]] and [[marine botany]], especially [[molluscs]] and [[algae]]. His specimens of both groups may now be found in the [[Ulster Museum]].<ref>Chesney, H.C.G. (1995) "Ireland's pioneering malacologists - from dredging to drummondi2. ''Arch. Nat. Hist''. 22: 229-239</ref>[[Image:Hyndman Ms.jpg|thumb|Hyndman's insect diary|left]]
⚫
Hyndman was a member of the Belfast [[Fishing dredge|Dredging]] Committee (other members were [[George Dickie (botanist)|George Dickie]], [[Edward Waller]] and [[John Gwyn Jeffreys]]). This operated from 1857–1859, under grants from the [[British Association for the Advancement of Science]].
[[Image:HarveySeasideBook.jpg|thumb|230px|Dredging for marine animals in 1849]]
⚫
Hyndman was a member of the Belfast [[Marine biology dredge|Dredging]] Committee (other members were [[George Dickie (botanist)|George Dickie]], [[Edward Waller (zoologist)|Edward Waller]] and [[John Gwyn Jeffreys]]). This operated from 1857 to 1859, under grants from the [[British Association for the Advancement of Science]].
William Thompson described ''Panningia hyndmani'', a [[hermit crab]] for him as the discoverer in [[Belfast Lough]].
William Thompson described ''Panningia hyndmani'', a [[hermit crab]] for him as the discoverer in [[Belfast Lough]].


He was also a founder member of the [[Belfast Natural History Society]] and contributed to S.A.Stewart and T.H.Corry's ''Flora of the North-east''.
He was also a founder member of the [[Belfast Natural History Society]] and contributed to S.A.Stewart and T.H.Corry's ''Flora of the North-east''.


''Anapagurus hyndmanni'' ([[Thomas Bell (zoologist)|Bell]], 1845) as well as ''A. laevis'' and ''Pagurus cuanensis'' were also discovered by Hyndman at [[Portaferry]] (and Bangor) and named by Thompson (q.v.) without formal descriptions.
''Anapagurus hyndmanni'' ([[Thomas Bell (zoologist)|Bell]], 1845) as well as ''A. laevis'' and ''Pagurus cuanensis'' were also discovered by Hyndman at [[Portaferry]] (and Bangor) and named by Thompson (q.v.) without formal descriptions.


Other hermit crab species named for Hyndman were:
Other hermit crab species named for Hyndman were:
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*''Pseudione hyndmanni'' ([[Charles Spence Bate|Bate]] & [[John Obadiah Westwood|Westwood]], 1868).
*''Pseudione hyndmanni'' ([[Charles Spence Bate|Bate]] & [[John Obadiah Westwood|Westwood]], 1868).


The Ulster Museum has an 1854-62 archive of George Crawford Hyndman containing 20 letters from [[Francis Archer]], Edward Benn, J. Bristow, [[Edward Charlesworth]](1813–93) an English naturalist and palaeontologist), A. Crawford, [[Robert Damon]] (1814-1889) Dorset geologist and dealer in fossils), [[George Dickie (botanist)|George Dickie]], [[Edmund Getty]], [[John Gwyn Jeffreys]], William Molony, R. W. Hincks, J. Morpan, [[Robert Patterson (Belfast)|Robert Patterson]], Edward Waller (1803-1873) Irish land owner owner of a yacht used for dredgings) and Charles Ward.
The Ulster Museum has an 1854-62 archive of George Crawford Hyndman containing 20 letters from [[Francis Archer]], Edward Benn, J. Bristow, [[Edward Charlesworth]](1813–93) an English naturalist and palaeontologist), A. Crawford, [[Robert Damon]] (1814-1889) Dorset geologist and dealer in fossils), [[George Dickie (botanist)|George Dickie]], [[Edmund Getty]], [[John Gwyn Jeffreys]], William Molony, R. W. Hincks, J. Morpan, [[Robert Patterson (naturalist, born 1802)|Robert Patterson]], Edward Waller (1803-1873) Irish land owner owner of a yacht used for dredgings) and Charles Ward.


==Works==
==Works==


*1853 Notes on the natural history of Tory Island. ''Ulster Journal of Archaeology'' 1: 34-37.
*1853 Notes on the natural history of Tory Island. ''Ulster Journal of Archaeology'' 1: 34–37.
*1857 Note on a curious monstrosity of the common shell (Fusus antiquus). ''Nat. Hist''. : 250.
*1857 Note on a curious monstrosity of the common shell (Fusus antiquus). ''Nat. Hist''. : 250.
*1858 Report of the Proceedings of the Belfast Dredging Committee. ''Report for the British Association for the Advancement of Science'' : 282-293 [http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96162#page/400/mode/1up]
*1858 Report of the Proceedings of the Belfast Dredging Committee. ''Report for the British Association for the Advancement of Science'' : 220-237 [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46630#page/294/mode/1up]
*1860 Report of the Belfast Dredging Committee for 1859. ''Report for the British Association for the Advancement of Science'' : 116-119.
*1859 Report of the Belfast Dredging Committee. ''Report for the British Association for the Advancement of Science'' : 282-293 [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96162#page/400/mode/1up]
*1860 Report of the Belfast Dredging Committee for 1859. ''Report for the British Association for the Advancement of Science'' : 116-119 [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96146#page/192/mode/1up] (Committee joined by [[Charles Wyville Thomson]].


Most of Hyndman's discoveries are published with attribution in [[William Thompson (naturalist)|Thompson, William]] (edited by [[Robert Patterson (Belfast)|Patterson, R.]]) ''[[The Natural History of Ireland]]'' Volume 4: Mammalia, reptiles and fishes. Also, invertebrata. London: Henry G. Bohn, 1856
Most of Hyndman's discoveries are published with attribution in [[William Thompson (naturalist)|Thompson, William]] (edited by [[Robert Patterson (naturalist, born 1802)|Patterson, R.]]) ''[[The Natural History of Ireland]]'' Volume 4: Mammalia, reptiles and fishes. Also, invertebrata. London: Henry G. Bohn, 1856


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
*Chesney, H.C.G. 1995 Ireland's pioneering malacologists - from dredging to drummondi. ''Arch. Nat. Hist''. 22: 229-239
*Chesney, H.C.G. 1995 Ireland's pioneering malacologists - from dredging to drummondi. ''Arch. Nat. Hist''. 22: 229-239
*Foster, J. W. and Chesney, H. C. G (eds.), 1977: ''Nature in Ireland: A Scientific and Cultural History''. Lilliput Press. ISBN 0-7735-1817-7.
*Foster, J. W. and Chesney, H. C. G (eds.), 1977: ''Nature in Ireland: A Scientific and Cultural History''. Lilliput Press. {{ISBN|0-7735-1817-7}}.


==External links==
==External links==
⚫
*[https://www.askaboutireland.ie/reading-room/digital-book-collection/digital-books-by-subject/flora-and-fauna/thompson-natural-history-/ About Ireland] pdfs of ''[[The Natural History of Ireland]]''
{{Wikisource|1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Dredge and Dredging}}

⚫
*[http://www.askaboutireland.ie/reading-room/digital-book-collection/Ask About Ireland] pdfs of ''[[The Natural History of Ireland]]''
{{authority control}}


{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Hyndman, George
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1796
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 1867
| PLACE OF DEATH =
⚫
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hyndman, George}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hyndman, George}}
[[Category:Phycologists|Algologists]]
[[Category:Phycologists|Algologists]]
[[Category:Irish botanists]]
[[Category:Amateur biologists]]
[[Category:Irish zoologists]]
[[Category:19th-century Irish botanists]]
[[Category:People from Belfast]]
[[Category:19th-century Irish zoologists]]
[[Category:Scientists from Belfast]]
[[Category:1796 births]]
[[Category:1796 births]]
[[Category:1867 deaths]]
[[Category:1867 deaths]]
[[Category:Marine botany]]
[[Category:Marine botany]]


{{Ireland-botanist-stub}}

Latest revision as of 00:11, 13 October 2024

George Crawford Hyndman
Born1796
Died1867
NationalityIrish (1796-1800) and British (1801-1867)
Occupation(s)Botany, Zoology

George Crawford Hyndman (1796–1867) was an Irish auctioneer and amateur biologist.

He was the son of Cherry Crawford Hyndman (1766-1845) and James Hyndman (1761?–1825), a Belfast Woollen merchant. Both parents, in the 1790s, were active in the republican Society of United Irishmen. In heavily garrisoned Belfast, neither appear to have been implicated in the 1798 rebellion, but, for whatever reason, James Hyndman did not join other merchants and local dignitaries in signing a proclamation published just before the risings to the north and south of the town in June, which expressed support for the government.[1]

George was educated at the Belfast Academy until apprenticed to his father’s business at age 14. After his father died in 1825, he took the business over while devoting his leisure time to Irish natural history.[1] He was particularly interested in the study of marine zoology and marine botany, especially molluscs and algae. His specimens of both groups may now be found in the Ulster Museum.[2]

Hyndman's insect diary
Dredging for marine animals in 1849

Hyndman was a member of the Belfast Dredging Committee (other members were George Dickie, Edward Waller and John Gwyn Jeffreys). This operated from 1857 to 1859, under grants from the British Association for the Advancement of Science. William Thompson described Panningia hyndmani, a hermit crab for him as the discoverer in Belfast Lough.

He was also a founder member of the Belfast Natural History Society and contributed to S.A.Stewart and T.H.Corry's Flora of the North-east.

Anapagurus hyndmanni (Bell, 1845) as well as A. laevis and Pagurus cuanensis were also discovered by Hyndman at Portaferry (and Bangor) and named by Thompson (q.v.) without formal descriptions.

Other hermit crab species named for Hyndman were:

The Ulster Museum has an 1854-62 archive of George Crawford Hyndman containing 20 letters from Francis Archer, Edward Benn, J. Bristow, Edward Charlesworth(1813–93) an English naturalist and palaeontologist), A. Crawford, Robert Damon (1814-1889) Dorset geologist and dealer in fossils), George Dickie, Edmund Getty, John Gwyn Jeffreys, William Molony, R. W. Hincks, J. Morpan, Robert Patterson, Edward Waller (1803-1873) Irish land owner owner of a yacht used for dredgings) and Charles Ward.

Works

[edit]
  • 1853 Notes on the natural history of Tory Island. Ulster Journal of Archaeology 1: 34–37.
  • 1857 Note on a curious monstrosity of the common shell (Fusus antiquus). Nat. Hist. : 250.
  • 1858 Report of the Proceedings of the Belfast Dredging Committee. Report for the British Association for the Advancement of Science : 220-237 [1]
  • 1859 Report of the Belfast Dredging Committee. Report for the British Association for the Advancement of Science : 282-293 [2]
  • 1860 Report of the Belfast Dredging Committee for 1859. Report for the British Association for the Advancement of Science : 116-119 [3] (Committee joined by Charles Wyville Thomson.

Most of Hyndman's discoveries are published with attribution in Thompson, William (edited by Patterson, R.) The Natural History of Ireland Volume 4: Mammalia, reptiles and fishes. Also, invertebrata. London: Henry G. Bohn, 1856

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Lunney, Linda (2009). "Hyndman, George Crawford | Dictionary of Irish Biography". www.dib.ie. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
  2. ^ Chesney, H.C.G. (1995) "Ireland's pioneering malacologists - from dredging to drummondi2. Arch. Nat. Hist. 22: 229-239
  • Chesney, H.C.G. 1995 Ireland's pioneering malacologists - from dredging to drummondi. Arch. Nat. Hist. 22: 229-239
  • Foster, J. W. and Chesney, H. C. G (eds.), 1977: Nature in Ireland: A Scientific and Cultural History. Lilliput Press. ISBN 0-7735-1817-7.
[edit]
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