Saint-Jean River (Minganie): Difference between revisions
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The '''Saint-Jean River''', Usasumekw, Patamo (Traditional indigenous variants), Rivière Saint-Jean (French), is a salmon river<ref name="Quebec Salmon river map">{{cite web |title=Quebec Salmon river map |url=https://cdn-contenu.quebec.ca/cdn-contenu/peche/versions-imprimables/carte-rivieres-saumon.pdf |website=Gouvernement of Quebec |publisher=Ministry of the Environment, the Fight against Climate Change, Wildlife and Parks |access-date=6 October 2024 |language=fr |date=2023 |quote=Location of the 111 salmon rivers listed in Quebec}}</ref> that flows from north to south, emptying into the [[Gulf of St. Lawrence]], in [[Rivière-Saint-Jean, Quebec|Rivière-Saint-Jean]] municipality, [[Minganie Regional County Municipality|Minganie RCM]], [[Côte-Nord]], [[Quebec]], [[Canada]]. |
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The '''Saint-Jean River''' ({{lang-fr|'''Rivière Saint-Jean'''}}) is a major tributary of the north shore of the [[Gulf of St. Lawrence]], flowing in the unorganized territory of [[Lac-Jérôme, Quebec|Lac-Jérôme]] and in the municipality of [[Rivière-Saint-Jean, Quebec|Rivière-Saint-Jean]], in the [[Minganie Regional County Municipality]], in the administrative region of [[Côte-Nord]], in the [[provinces and territories of Canada|province]] of [[Quebec]] ([[Canada]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hydroquebec.com/projets/pdf/romaine2.pdf|title=Connection of the Romaine complex to the transmission network|author=Hydro-Québec|date=October 2006|access-date=2010-09-23}}</ref> It is considered one of the three salmon rivers on the North Shore.<ref name="Salmon">{{cite web|author=Federation of Quebec salmon river managers|title=Les rivières - St-Jean (Côte-Nord)|website=Saumon Québec|url=https://www.saumonquebec.com/LesRivieres/CoteNordAnticosti/StJeanCoteNord/PresentationGenerale/default.aspx|access-date=2010-09-24}}</ref> |
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Sport fishing for [[Atlantic salmon]] in the waters of the Saint-Jean River dates back over 150 years.<ref name="Fishing in the Saint-Jean River">{{cite web |title=Fishing in the Saint-Jean River |url=https://www.saumonquebec.com/cote-nord-duplessis-et-ile-d-anticosti/riviere-saint-jean |publisher=Saumon |access-date=28 September 2024 |language=fr |quote=... 3 fishing sectors and grounds with exclusive rights, namely at the Saint-Jean Pavilion, the Grosses-Roches Pavilion and the Chutes Pavilion}}</ref> |
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The "Saint John River" gives its name to the municipality of [[Rivière-Saint-Jean, Quebec|Rivière-Saint-Jean]].<ref name="toponymie">{{toponymie |53657 |access-date=2024-06-04}}</ref> |
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==Natural Territory== |
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This river is navigable for {{cvt|50|km}}. It formed the boundary between Quebec and Newfoundland from 1763 to 1774, and from 1809 to 1825.<ref name="toponymie"/> |
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| ⚫ | The Saint-Jean River rises at about {{convert|500|m}} above sea level in the southwest of [[Labrador]]. It runs through rugged terrain for {{convert|240|km}} to the [[Gulf of St. Lawrence]]. Its mouth is {{convert|160|km}} east of [[Sept-Îles, Quebec|Sept-Îles]],<ref name="The heart of the North Shore, Saint-Jean River" /> in Rivière-Saint-Jean Municipality, [[Minganie Regional County Municipality|Minganie RCM]]. At its mouth the river is crossed by [[Quebec Route 138]], then flows past the village of Rivière-Saint-Jean.<ref name="The heart of the North Shore, Saint-Jean River">{{cite web |title=The heart of the North Shore, Saint-Jean River |url=https://www.hautesaintjean.com/about |website=The Association for the Protection of the Rivière-St-Jean |publisher=Pourvoirie de la Haute Saint-Jean |access-date=7 October 2024 |language=fr |date=2023 |quote=... the catch limit per fisherman is 1 large salmon per 4-day stay and 2 small salmon less than 63 centimeters per day, up to a maximum of 3 per stay.}}</ref> |
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==Location== |
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| ⚫ | The river basin covers {{convert|5600|km2}}, is bordered to the northeast by the [[Romaine River|Romaine]] watershed, to the east by the [[Mingan River|Mingan]] watershed, to the west by the [[Magpie River (Quebec)|Magpie]] watershed and a small section to the northwest by [[Labrador]].<ref name="19. Portrait of the Saint-Jean watershed">{{cite web |title=19. Portrait of the Saint-Jean watershed |url=https://obvd.qc.ca/fiches-portraits/riviere-saint-jean/fiche-portrait.pdf |publisher=Duplessis Watershed Organization (OBV) |access-date=29 September 2024 |pages=8 |language=fr |date=16 October 2015 |quote=The Saint-Jean River has several major tributaries: the Labône and Rapide rivers drain the northwest of the watershed, the Poisset and Saumon rivers the center-west, the Saint-Jean-Nord-Est river the center-east and the Chambers and Saint-Cœur rivers the southwest}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | The Saint-Jean River rises at about {{convert|500|m}} above sea level in the southwest of [[Labrador]]. It runs through rugged terrain for {{convert|240|km}} to the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Its mouth is {{convert|160|km}} east of [[Sept-Îles, Quebec|Sept-Îles]] |
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===Ground=== |
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On the edge of the [[Gulf of St. Lawrence]], the area of the [[coastal plain]], not very rugged, forms a strip of 10 km wide, with some low hills not exceeding 150 m in altitude.<br> |
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| ⚫ | The river basin covers {{convert| |
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Towards the north, the piedmont area rises to an altitude of 300 m and stretches for 22 km, in a relief of more rugged rounded rocky hills.<br> |
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Further north, for approximately 100 km, the dominant physiographic zone occupies half of the territory of the Saint-Jean River watershed. It is a high plateau slightly inclined towards the south, very rugged and deeply cut by alluvial valleys, dominated at 1,023 m altitude by the massif located between the Saint-Jean river and the Rapide river.<br> |
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On the [[Canadian Shield|Laurentian Plateau]], at an altitude between 600 and 800 m, the north of the Saint-Jean River watershed is characterized by more undulating and less rugged relief.<ref name="19. Portrait of the Saint-Jean watershed" /> |
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<gallery widths="200" mode="packed" heights="120" caption="Saint-Jean River overview"> |
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File:Rivière Saint-Jean 01.jpg| |
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File:Rivière Saint-Jean 02.jpg |
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File:Rivière Saint-Jean 03.jpg |
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</gallery> |
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==Geography== |
==Geography== |
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According to the '' |
According to the ''Dictionary of rivers and lakes of the province of Quebec'' (1914)<ref name="Dictionary of rivers and lakes of the province of Quebec" /> |
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{{blockquote| |
{{blockquote|Saint-Jean River, [[Saguenay County, Quebec|Saguenay County]], flows through the [[Laurentian Mountains|Laurentians Mountains]] and empties into the [[Gulf of St. Lawrence]] about (segment of {{cvt|112|km}} down from the [[Moisie River]], and (segment of {{cvt|619|km}} from [[Quebec City]]. It is navigable for [[Canoe|canoes]] for a stretch of (segment of {{cvt|48|km}} up to a powerful waterfall that interrupts navigation. The shores from its mouth to about three miles are, according to the surveyor C.E. Forgues (1885), clay cliffs on which there is a layer of sand mixed with black earth, which makes this land suitable for growing potatoes and oats. The same clay extends along the coast for up to fifteen miles, but the terrain is not as good for culture. The main trees are white spruce, fir, birch, alder and willow. The climate is very healthy, but summer is short. According to [[Henry de Puyjalon]] (1841–1905), it is a salmon river of the first order. The hunting territories are also of great value. Between the two estuaries of the river there is a large plateau of good land on which the [[Rivière-Saint-Jean, Quebec|Rivière-Saint-Jean]] municipality is built, which has a population of 250 souls. The Robin House here has a large cod fishing establishment ([[Rivière-Saint-Jean, Quebec#Magpie Village|Magpie]]).<ref name="The diffusion of the fisheries exploitation model of Charles Robin and Company in Gaspésie in the 19th century">{{cite web |author1=Martin Mimeault, master's student in history at Laval University |title=The diffusion of the fisheries exploitation model of Charles Robin and Company in Gaspésie in the 19th century |url=https://semaphore.uqar.ca/id/eprint/2608/1/Mod%C3%A8le%20d%27exploitation%20des%20p%C3%AAches%20de%20la%20Charles%20Robin%20and%20Company%20-Gasp%C3%A9sie%28XIXe%29.pdf |publisher=University Laval |access-date=6 October 2024 |pages=7 |language=fr |date=15 June 2021 |quote=Robin created counters in Paspébiac and Percé in 1783, then to Grande-Rivière in 1833, Caraquet in 1839, in Newport in 1854 as well as in Magpie and Natashquan in 1870, Côte-Nord}}</ref><ref name="Dictionary of rivers and lakes of the province of Quebec">{{cite web |author1=Rouillard, Eugène |title=Dictionary of rivers and lakes of the province of Quebec |url=https://archive.org/details/dictionnairedesr00qu/page/91/mode/1up |website=Internet Archive |publisher=Quebec Department of Lands and Forests, Quebec |access-date=23 September 2024 |pages=91 of 432 |language=fr |date=1914 |quote=This stream is rather difficult to ascend, being intersected as it is by a series of falls and rapids, from its mouth to a distance of about thirty-four miles upstream.}}</ref><ref name="location">{{cite web|url=http://atlas.gc.ca/toporama/en/index.html|title=Atlas of Canada from the Department of Natural Resources Canada|quote=Characteristics extracted from the geographic map, the database and instrumentation of the site|access-date=July 15, 2020}}</ref>}} |
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The course of the Saint John River descends from the north, between the [[Magpie River (Quebec)|Magpie River]] (located on the west side) and the [[Manitou River (Québec)]] (located on the east side). |
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The Saint John River rises at Lake Kaministukuakamaht (length: {{cvt|2.9|km}}; altitude: {{cvt|612|m}}), in the unorganized territory of [[Lac-Jérôme, Quebec|Lac-Jérôme]]. This lake is fed by seven stream discharges, the main one coming from the west. The mouth of Kaministukuakamaht Lake is located at: |
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* {{cvt|9.4|km}} east of the limit between [[Labrador]] and [[Quebec]]; |
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* {{cvt|152.8|km}} north-west of the mouth of the Saint John River; |
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* {{cvt|222|km}} north-east of downtown [[Sept-Îles, Quebec|Sept-Îles]]. |
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From Lac Kaministukuakamaht, the course of the Saint John River descends on {{cvt|229.2|km}}, with a drop of {{cvt|612|m}}, according to the following segments: |
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'''Upper Saint-Jean River Course''' (segment of {{cvt|48.7|km}}) |
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* {{cvt|16.1|km}} first towards the northeast to collect the discharge (coming from the north) of a lake; then towards the south-east, crossing on {{cvt|7.8|km}} the lake? (altitude: {{cvt|584|m}}), to its mouth; |
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* {{cvt|6.9|km}} first towards the south-east to the outlet (coming from the south) of a group of lakes; then north-east, passing on the west side of Mount Kapiskuapustent, crossing a small lake (altitude: {{cvt|575|m}}, to its mouth. Note: this lake receives the discharge (coming from the north (west) of a group of lakes; |
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* {{cvt|25.7|km}} towards the south-east, passing on the north-east side of Mount Kapiskuapustent, collecting the discharge (coming from the north) of a set of lakes, forming a loop towards the west, collecting the discharge of a set of lakes, passing on the west side of a small regional airport, collecting the discharge (coming from the east) of Coupeaux Lake, to the confluence of the [[Labône River]] (coming from the northwest); |
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'''Intermediate course of the Saint-Jean river (upstream of the Labône river)''' ({{cvt|63.2|km}} segment) |
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* {{cvt|23.1|km}} first towards the south-east in a plain, then towards the south in a deep valley, by collecting the discharge (coming from the west) of a lake, by forming a large curve towards the east at the start of the segment, to a stream (coming from the northwest); |
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* {{cvt|18.8|km}} towards the south in a deep valley, until the confluence of the [[Rapide River]] (coming from the northwest). Note: At this confluence, the current bypasses several islands; |
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* {{cvt|21.3|km}} towards the south-east in a deep valley, by collecting the Utnikan stream (coming from the north), until the confluence of the [[Poisset River]] (coming from the west); |
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'''Intermediate course of the Saint-Jean river (upstream of the Poisset river)''' (segment of {{cvt|51.6|km}}) |
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* {{cvt|20.3|km}} first towards the south-east in a flared valley up to a bend in the river; then south in a deep valley, forming a hook towards the west at the end of the segment, to the outlet (coming from the north) of Lake Élie; |
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* {{cvt|31.3|km}} first towards the south by forming a hook towards the west, then towards the south-east in a deep valley, until the confluence of the [[Saint John River North-East]] (coming from the north); |
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'''Intermediate course of the Saint-Jean river (upstream of the Saint-Jean North-East river)''' (segment of {{cvt|22.3|km}}) |
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From the confluence of the [[Saint-Jean North-East River]], the course of the Saint-Jean river descends on: |
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* {{cvt|22.3|km}} generally towards the south-east in a flared valley, forming several large streamers, passing at the start of the segment in front of the hamlet Tshiahahtunekamuk, up to the confluence of the salmon river (coming from West); |
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'''Lower St. John River''' (segment of {{cvt|43.4|km}}) |
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* {{cvt|9.7|km}} to the south in a deep valley, forming a loop towards the west at the start of the segment, and another loop towards the east in the mid-segment, up to the stream at Méo (coming from the northeast); |
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* {{cvt|17.6|km}} to the south by forming a large S at the start of the segment and passing in front of the hamlet Kaministnahkuteht (located on the eastern shore), bypassing Little Mantus Island, then forming a loop towards the east at the end of the segment, up to the Chambers river (coming from the west), whose confluence is located opposite the place called Ueht Ka Tshitaikant; |
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* {{cvt|16.1|km}} towards the south by forming a large loop towards the east to bypass the peninsula of the hamlet Kamikuapiskat, by forming a second large loop towards the south-east to collect the discharge from the lake Beaver, then forming another large curve to the north, descending south to pass under the bridge of the [[Quebec Route 138|route 138]], then passing in front of the village of Rivière-Saint-Jean (located on the west bank), collecting the waters of the [[Sacré-Coeur River]], to its mouth. The mouth of the river is partially blocked by Pointe à Robin (located on the west bank) and a peninsula attached to the east bank stretching {{cvt|1.6|km}} to the west. During base tides, the sandstone stretches for about two kilometers at the mouth of the Saint John River, of which about {{cvt|0.7|km}} beyond the pier marking the mouth.<ref name=location>{{cite web|url=http://atlas.gc.ca/toporama/en/index.html|title=Atlas of Canada from the Department of Natural Resources Canada|quote=Characteristics extracted from the geographic map, the database and instrumentation of the site|access-date=July 15, 2020}}</ref> |
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The Saint-Jean river flows on the north shore of the [[Gulf of St. Lawrence]], ie in the [[Jacques Cartier Strait]]. This confluence is located at: |
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* {{cvt|52.2|km}} south-west of the village center of [[Havre-Saint-Pierre]]; |
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* {{cvt|46.2|km}} north of the western point of [[Île d'Anticosti]]; |
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* {{cvt|145.4|km}} north-east of [[Sept-Îles, Quebec|Sept-Îles]] town center.<ref name="location"/> |
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== Toponymy == |
== Toponymy == |
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The Innu use the word "Usasumekw", which can be translated |
The Innu use the word "Usasumekw", which can be translated as Salmon River, "rivière à saumon" (French), to identify the watercourse.<ref name="Rivière Saint-Jean, Toponymic Feature ID">{{cite web |title=Rivière Saint-Jean, Toponymic Feature ID |url=https://toponymes.rncan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EIACM |website=Gouvernement of Canada |access-date=7 October 2024 |date=16 February 2021 |quote=Content advisory: The Canadian Geographical Names Database contains historical terminology that is considered racist, offensive and derogatory.}}</ref><ref name="Saint-Jean River, Minganie" /> |
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The toponym "Rivière Saint-Jean" was formalized on December 5, 1968, by [[Commission de toponymie du Québec]].<ref name="Saint-Jean River, Minganie">{{cite web |title=Saint-Jean River, Minganie |url=https://toponymie.gouv.qc.ca/ct/ToposWeb/fiche.aspx?no_seq=56850 |website=Gouvernement of Quebec |publisher=Commission de Toponymy Quebec |access-date=4 October 2024 |language=fr |date=5 December 1968 |quote=We also note the Innu form Usasumekw, 'salmon river', to identify the watercourse.}}</ref><ref name="Quebec Salmon river map" /> |
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The toponym "Rivière Saint-Jean" was formalized on December 5, 1968, at the Place Names Bank of the Commission de toponymie du Québec.<ref>[http://www.toponymie.gouv.qc.ca/ct/ToposWeb/fiche.aspx?no_seq=56850 Commission de toponymie du Québec - rivière Saint-Jean]</ref> |
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==Fishing== |
==Fishing== |
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In May 2015 the Ministry of Forests, Wildlife and Parks |
In May 2015 the Quebec Ministry of Forests, Wildlife and Parks announced a sport fishing catch-and-release program for large salmon on sixteen of Quebec's 111 salmon rivers.<ref name="Quebec Salmon river map" /> |
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These were the [[Mitis River|Mitis]], [[Laval River|Laval]], [[Pigou River|Pigou]], [[Bouleau River|Bouleau]], [[Aux Rochers River|aux Rochers]], [[Jupitagon River|Jupitagon]], [[Magpie River (Quebec)|Magpie]], Saint-Jean, [[Corneille River|Corneille]], [[Piashti River|Piashti]], [[Watshishou River|Watshishou]], [[Little Watshishou River|Little Watshishou]], [[Nabisipi River|Nabisipi]], [[Aguanish River|Aguanish]] and [[Natashquan River|Natashquan]] rivers. |
These were the [[Mitis River|Mitis]], [[Laval River|Laval]], [[Pigou River|Pigou]], [[Bouleau River|Bouleau]], [[Aux Rochers River|aux Rochers]], [[Jupitagon River|Jupitagon]], [[Magpie River (Quebec)|Magpie]], Saint-Jean, [[Corneille River|Corneille]], [[Piashti River|Piashti]], [[Watshishou River|Watshishou]], [[Little Watshishou River|Little Watshishou]], [[Nabisipi River|Nabisipi]], [[Aguanish River|Aguanish]] and [[Natashquan River|Natashquan]] rivers. |
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The Quebec Atlantic Salmon Federation said that the measures did not go nearly far enough in protecting salmon for future generations. |
The Quebec [[Atlantic Salmon Federation]] said that the measures did not go nearly far enough in protecting salmon for future generations. |
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In view of the rapidly declining Atlantic salmon population catch-and-release should have been implemented on all rivers apart from northern Quebec.{{ |
In view of the rapidly declining Atlantic salmon population catch-and-release should have been implemented on all rivers apart from northern Quebec.<ref name="Quebec salmon need stronger preservation rules, association says">{{cite web |title=Quebec salmon need stronger preservation rules, association says |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/quebec-salmon-need-stronger-preservation-rules-association-says-1.3068395 |publisher=CBC News |access-date=24 September 2024 |date=10 May 2015 |quote=They are the Mitis, Laval, Pigou, au Bouleau, aux Rochers, Jupitagon, Magpie, Saint-Jean (Moyenne-Côte-Nord), de la Corneille, Piashti, Watshishou, Petite rivière Watshishou, Nabisipi, Aguanish and Natashquan rivers.}}</ref> |
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The Pourvoirie de la Haute Saint-Jean has exclusive rights to three fishing areas with 55 pools along {{convert|30|km}} of the Saint-Jean and {{convert|14|km}} of the Salmon River (Rivière aux Saumons). |
The Pourvoirie de la Haute Saint-Jean has exclusive rights to three fishing areas with 55 pools along {{convert|30|km}} of the Saint-Jean and {{convert|14|km}} of the Salmon River (Rivière aux Saumons).<ref name="The heart of the North Shore, Saint-Jean River" /> |
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Between 2012 and 2016 the annual average reported catch of salmon was 123 juveniles and 28 large fish, with 412 returned to the water.{{ |
Between 2012 and 2016 the annual average reported catch of salmon was 123 juveniles and 28 large fish, with 412 returned to the water.<ref name="Assessment of the operation of the salmon in Quebec in 2017">{{cite web |title=Assessment of the operation of the salmon in Quebec in 2017 |url=https://mffp.gouv.qc.ca/documents/faune/bilan-exploitation-saumon-2017.pdf |website=Gouvernement of Quebec |publisher=Ministry of Natural Resources and Forests |access-date=4 October 2024 |pages=305 |language=fr |date=15 February 2018 |quote=Salmon populations are found in 109 rivers and 5 tributaries of Quebec ... some of these waterways contain too few salmon for fishing to be possible.}}</ref> |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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* [[List of rivers of Quebec]] |
* [[List of rivers of Quebec]] |
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==References== |
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==Notes and references== |
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{{notes}}{{reflist|30em}} |
{{notes}}{{reflist|30em}} |
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{{refbegin}} |
{{refbegin}} |
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*{{citation |url=https://mffp.gouv.qc.ca/documents/faune/bilan-exploitation-saumon-2017.pdf |accessdate=2019-09-30 |language=fr |ref={{harvid|Bilan de l'exploitation du saumon... 2017}} |
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|title=Bilan de l'exploitation du saumon au Québec en 2017 |date=15 February 2018 |publisher=ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs, Secteur de la faune}} |
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*{{citation |url=http://obvd.qc.ca/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Portrait-preliminaire.pdf |accessdate=2019-09-29 |language=fr |date=April 2015 |
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|title=Portrait préliminaire de la zone de gestion intégrée de l'eau par bassin versant Duplessis |publisher=OBV Duplessis |ref={{harvid|Portrait préliminaire de la zone ... OBVD}} }} |
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*{{citation |url=http://www.hautesaintjean.com/ |accessdate=2019-09-30 |language=fr |
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|title=Pourvoirie de la Haute Saint-Jean |publisher=L’Association de Protection de la Rivière-St-Jean |ref={{harvid|Pourvoirie de la Haute Saint-Jean}}}} |
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*{{citation |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/quebec-salmon-need-stronger-preservation-rules-association-says-1.3068395 |accessdate=2019-09-24|date=10 May 2015 |
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|title=Quebec salmon need stronger preservation rules, association says |publisher=CBC News |location=Montreal |ref={{harvid|Quebec salmon need stronger ... rules}} }} |
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*{{citation |url=http://www4.rncan.gc.ca/recherche-de-noms-de-lieux/unique/EIACM |accessdate=2019-09-30 |language=fr |
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|title=Rivière Saint-Jean |publisher=Ressources naturelles Canada |ref={{harvid|Rivière Saint-Jean, Ressources naturelles}} }} |
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*{{citation |url=https://archive.org/details/dictionnairedesr00qu/page/156 |language=fr |year=1914 |chapter=Saint-Jean, (Rivière) |
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|last1=Rouillard |first1=Eugène |title=Dictionnaire des rivières et lacs de la province de Québec |publisher=Québec. Département des terres et forêts}} |
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{{refend}} |
{{refend}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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*Daniel chartier 2014, ''[https://archipel.uqam.ca/6304/1/222017153.pdf Henry de Puyjalon in the worried silence of the North Shore]'', 44 pp (French) |
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*[https://saumongaspe.com/images/Upload/Files/histoire-du-pavillon-st-jean.pdf The unique history of the Saint-Jean Pavilion], fishing camp on the St. Jean River, travel journal |
*''[https://saumongaspe.com/images/Upload/Files/histoire-du-pavillon-st-jean.pdf The unique history of the Saint-Jean Pavilion], fishing camp on the St. Jean River'', travel journal July 1873 (French) |
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{{Commons category-inline}} |
{{Commons category-inline}} |
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{{Minganie RCM}} |
{{Minganie RCM}} |
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Latest revision as of 02:09, 9 October 2024
| Saint-Jean River Usasumekw, Patamo, Rivière Saint-Jean (French) | |
|---|---|
 From Quebec Route 138 | |
  | |
| Location | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Quebec |
| Region | Côte-Nord |
| RCM | Minganie |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Mouth | Gulf of St. Lawrence |
• coordinates | 50°17′00″N 64°20′04″W / 50.283333°N 64.334444°W |
• elevation | 0 metres (0 ft) |
| Length | 240 kilometres (150 mi) |
| Basin size | 6,000 square kilometres (2,300 sq mi)[1] |
The Saint-Jean River, Usasumekw, Patamo (Traditional indigenous variants), Rivière Saint-Jean (French), is a salmon river[2] that flows from north to south, emptying into the Gulf of St. Lawrence, in Rivière-Saint-Jean municipality, Minganie RCM, Côte-Nord, Quebec, Canada.
Sport fishing for Atlantic salmon in the waters of the Saint-Jean River dates back over 150 years.[3]
Natural Territory
[edit]The Saint-Jean River rises at about 500 metres (1,600 ft) above sea level in the southwest of Labrador. It runs through rugged terrain for 240 kilometres (150 mi) to the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Its mouth is 160 kilometres (99 mi) east of Sept-Îles,[4] in Rivière-Saint-Jean Municipality, Minganie RCM. At its mouth the river is crossed by Quebec Route 138, then flows past the village of Rivière-Saint-Jean.[4]
The river basin covers 5,600 square kilometres (2,200 sq mi), is bordered to the northeast by the Romaine watershed, to the east by the Mingan watershed, to the west by the Magpie watershed and a small section to the northwest by Labrador.[1]
Ground
[edit]On the edge of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, the area of the coastal plain, not very rugged, forms a strip of 10 km wide, with some low hills not exceeding 150 m in altitude.
Towards the north, the piedmont area rises to an altitude of 300 m and stretches for 22 km, in a relief of more rugged rounded rocky hills.
Further north, for approximately 100 km, the dominant physiographic zone occupies half of the territory of the Saint-Jean River watershed. It is a high plateau slightly inclined towards the south, very rugged and deeply cut by alluvial valleys, dominated at 1,023 m altitude by the massif located between the Saint-Jean river and the Rapide river.
On the Laurentian Plateau, at an altitude between 600 and 800 m, the north of the Saint-Jean River watershed is characterized by more undulating and less rugged relief.[1]
- Saint-Jean River overview
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Geography
[edit]According to the Dictionary of rivers and lakes of the province of Quebec (1914)[5]
Saint-Jean River, Saguenay County, flows through the Laurentians Mountains and empties into the Gulf of St. Lawrence about (segment of 112 km (70 mi) down from the Moisie River, and (segment of 619 km (385 mi) from Quebec City. It is navigable for canoes for a stretch of (segment of 48 km (30 mi) up to a powerful waterfall that interrupts navigation. The shores from its mouth to about three miles are, according to the surveyor C.E. Forgues (1885), clay cliffs on which there is a layer of sand mixed with black earth, which makes this land suitable for growing potatoes and oats. The same clay extends along the coast for up to fifteen miles, but the terrain is not as good for culture. The main trees are white spruce, fir, birch, alder and willow. The climate is very healthy, but summer is short. According to Henry de Puyjalon (1841–1905), it is a salmon river of the first order. The hunting territories are also of great value. Between the two estuaries of the river there is a large plateau of good land on which the Rivière-Saint-Jean municipality is built, which has a population of 250 souls. The Robin House here has a large cod fishing establishment (Magpie).[6][5][7]
Toponymy
[edit]The Innu use the word "Usasumekw", which can be translated as Salmon River, "rivière à saumon" (French), to identify the watercourse.[8][9] The toponym "Rivière Saint-Jean" was formalized on December 5, 1968, by Commission de toponymie du Québec.[9][2]
Fishing
[edit]In May 2015 the Quebec Ministry of Forests, Wildlife and Parks announced a sport fishing catch-and-release program for large salmon on sixteen of Quebec's 111 salmon rivers.[2] These were the Mitis, Laval, Pigou, Bouleau, aux Rochers, Jupitagon, Magpie, Saint-Jean, Corneille, Piashti, Watshishou, Little Watshishou, Nabisipi, Aguanish and Natashquan rivers. The Quebec Atlantic Salmon Federation said that the measures did not go nearly far enough in protecting salmon for future generations. In view of the rapidly declining Atlantic salmon population catch-and-release should have been implemented on all rivers apart from northern Quebec.[10]
The Pourvoirie de la Haute Saint-Jean has exclusive rights to three fishing areas with 55 pools along 30 kilometres (19 mi) of the Saint-Jean and 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) of the Salmon River (Rivière aux Saumons).[4] Between 2012 and 2016 the annual average reported catch of salmon was 123 juveniles and 28 large fish, with 412 returned to the water.[11]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c "19. Portrait of the Saint-Jean watershed" (PDF) (in French). Duplessis Watershed Organization (OBV). 16 October 2015. p. 8. Retrieved 29 September 2024.
The Saint-Jean River has several major tributaries: the Labône and Rapide rivers drain the northwest of the watershed, the Poisset and Saumon rivers the center-west, the Saint-Jean-Nord-Est river the center-east and the Chambers and Saint-Cœur rivers the southwest
- ^ a b c "Quebec Salmon river map" (PDF). Gouvernement of Quebec (in French). Ministry of the Environment, the Fight against Climate Change, Wildlife and Parks. 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2024.
Location of the 111 salmon rivers listed in Quebec
- ^ "Fishing in the Saint-Jean River" (in French). Saumon. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
... 3 fishing sectors and grounds with exclusive rights, namely at the Saint-Jean Pavilion, the Grosses-Roches Pavilion and the Chutes Pavilion
- ^ a b c "The heart of the North Shore, Saint-Jean River". The Association for the Protection of the Rivière-St-Jean (in French). Pourvoirie de la Haute Saint-Jean. 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2024.
... the catch limit per fisherman is 1 large salmon per 4-day stay and 2 small salmon less than 63 centimeters per day, up to a maximum of 3 per stay.
- ^ a b Rouillard, Eugène (1914). "Dictionary of rivers and lakes of the province of Quebec". Internet Archive (in French). Quebec Department of Lands and Forests, Quebec. pp. 91 of 432. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
This stream is rather difficult to ascend, being intersected as it is by a series of falls and rapids, from its mouth to a distance of about thirty-four miles upstream.
- ^ Martin Mimeault, master's student in history at Laval University (15 June 2021). "The diffusion of the fisheries exploitation model of Charles Robin and Company in Gaspésie in the 19th century" (PDF) (in French). University Laval. p. 7. Retrieved 6 October 2024.
Robin created counters in Paspébiac and Percé in 1783, then to Grande-Rivière in 1833, Caraquet in 1839, in Newport in 1854 as well as in Magpie and Natashquan in 1870, Côte-Nord
- ^ "Atlas of Canada from the Department of Natural Resources Canada". Retrieved July 15, 2020.
Characteristics extracted from the geographic map, the database and instrumentation of the site
- ^ "Rivière Saint-Jean, Toponymic Feature ID". Gouvernement of Canada. 16 February 2021. Retrieved 7 October 2024.
Content advisory: The Canadian Geographical Names Database contains historical terminology that is considered racist, offensive and derogatory.
- ^ a b "Saint-Jean River, Minganie". Gouvernement of Quebec (in French). Commission de Toponymy Quebec. 5 December 1968. Retrieved 4 October 2024.
We also note the Innu form Usasumekw, 'salmon river', to identify the watercourse.
- ^ "Quebec salmon need stronger preservation rules, association says". CBC News. 10 May 2015. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
They are the Mitis, Laval, Pigou, au Bouleau, aux Rochers, Jupitagon, Magpie, Saint-Jean (Moyenne-Côte-Nord), de la Corneille, Piashti, Watshishou, Petite rivière Watshishou, Nabisipi, Aguanish and Natashquan rivers.
- ^ "Assessment of the operation of the salmon in Quebec in 2017" (PDF). Gouvernement of Quebec (in French). Ministry of Natural Resources and Forests. 15 February 2018. p. 305. Retrieved 4 October 2024.
Salmon populations are found in 109 rivers and 5 tributaries of Quebec ... some of these waterways contain too few salmon for fishing to be possible.
External links
[edit]- Daniel chartier 2014, Henry de Puyjalon in the worried silence of the North Shore, 44 pp (French)
- The unique history of the Saint-Jean Pavilion, fishing camp on the St. Jean River, travel journal July 1873 (French)
Media related to Rivière Saint-Jean at Wikimedia Commons
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