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{{Short description|Langi and Ugandan third gender}}
A '''''mudoko dako''''' (also known as '''''mudoko daka'''''<ref name=":0" /> or '''''dano mulokere'''''<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WfJQAwAAQBAJ&lpg=PT49&dq=%22mudoko%20dako%22&pg=PT49#v=onepage&q=%22mudoko%20dako%22&f=false|title=Queering Creole Spiritual Traditions: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Participation in African-Inspired Traditions in the Americas|last=Conner|first=Randy P.|last2=Sparks|first2=David Hatfield|publisher=Routledge|year=2014|isbn=9781317712817|location=|pages=37}}</ref>) is an [[Effeminacy|effeminate]] male who is considered by [[Lango people|Langi]] society to be a different gender, though were mostly treated as woman among the Langi in [[Uganda]]. ''Mudoko dako'' could be also be found among the [[Teso people|Teso]] and the [[Karamojong people|Karamojan people]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=http://www.arcados.ch/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/MURRAY-ROSCOE-BOY-WIVES-FEMALE-HUSBANDS-98.pdf|title=Boy-wives and Female Husbands: Studies of African Homosexualities|last=|first=|publisher=Palgrave|year=1998|isbn=0312238290|editor-last=Murray|editor-first=Stephen O.|location=|pages=35-36|chapter=Overview|ref=harv|editor-last2=Roscoe|editor-first2=Will}}</ref> Recognition of the ''mudoko dako'' can be traced back prior to [[Colonisation of Africa|colonialism in Africa]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CuK5BAAAQBAJ&lpg=PA345&dq=%22mudoko%20dako%22&pg=PA345#v=onepage&q=%22mudoko%20dako%22&f=false|title=Handbook of LGBT Communities, Crime, and Justice|last=DeJong|first=Christina|last2=Long|first2=Eric|publisher=Springer|year=2014|isbn=9781461491880|editor-last=Peterson|editor-first=Dana|location=|pages=345|chapter=The Death Penalty as Genocide: The Persecution of 'Homosexuals' in Uganda|editor-last2=Panfil|editor-first2=Vanessa R.}}</ref>
{{Transgender sidebar}}
A '''''mudoko dako''''' (also known as '''''mudoko daka'''''<ref name=":0" /> or '''''dano mulokere'''''<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WfJQAwAAQBAJ&q=%22mudoko+dako%22&pg=PT49|title=Queering Creole Spiritual Traditions: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Participation in African-Inspired Traditions in the Americas|last1=Conner|first1=Randy P.|last2=Sparks|first2=David Hatfield|publisher=Routledge|year=2014|isbn=9781317712817|pages=37}}</ref>) is an [[Effeminacy|effeminate]] male who is considered by [[Lango people|Langi]] society to be a different gender, though were mostly treated as woman among the Langi in [[Uganda]]. {{lang|laj|Mudoko dako}} also could be found among the [[Teso people|Teso]] and the [[Karamojong people|Karamojan people]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|chapter-url=http://www.arcados.ch/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/MURRAY-ROSCOE-BOY-WIVES-FEMALE-HUSBANDS-98.pdf|title=Boy-wives and Female Husbands: Studies of African Homosexualities|publisher=Palgrave|year=1998|isbn=0312238290|editor-last=Murray|editor-first=Stephen O.|pages=35–36|chapter=Overview|editor-last2=Roscoe|editor-first2=Will}}</ref> Recognition of the ''mudoko dako'' can be traced back prior to [[Colonisation of Africa|colonialism in Africa]].<ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CuK5BAAAQBAJ&q=%22mudoko+dako%22&pg=PA345|title=Handbook of LGBT Communities, Crime, and Justice|last1=DeJong|first1=Christina|last2=Long|first2=Eric|publisher=Springer|year=2014|isbn=9781461491880|editor-last=Peterson|editor-first=Dana|pages=345|chapter=The Death Penalty as Genocide: The Persecution of 'Homosexuals' in Uganda|editor-last2=Panfil|editor-first2=Vanessa R.}}</ref>


''Mudoko dako'' was considered an "alternative gender status" and were able to marry men with no social sanctions.<ref name=":0" /> The word, ''dako'', in the [[Lango dialect|Lango language]] means "woman."<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pzrywnLP_6IC&lpg=PA153&dq=%22driberg%22%20langi&pg=PA148#v=onepage&q=dako&f=false|title=Ceremonial Change in Lango, Uganda|last=Curley|first=Richard T.|publisher=University of California Press|year=1974|isbn=978-0520021495|location=|pages=148-149}}</ref> In his work, ''The Lango: A Nilotic Tribe of Uganda'' (1923), anthropologist [[Jack Herbert Driberg]] describes the ''mudoko dako'' people among the Langi. Driberg describes how men, known as ''Jo Apele'' or ''Jo Aboich'', go on to become ''mudoko dako'', dressing in the manner of women and taking on women's traditional roles.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://www.wdl.org/en/item/7769/view/1/236/#q=dako|title=The Lango: A Nilotic Tribe of Uganda|last=Driberg|first=Jack Herbert|publisher=T. Fisher Unwin Ltd.|year=1923|isbn=|location=|pages=236|oclc=2501700}}</ref> Driberg even observed ''mudoko dako'' simulating [[menstruation]].<ref name=":1" />
''Mudoko dako'' was considered an "alternative gender status" and were able to marry men with no social sanctions.<ref name=":0" /> The word, {{lang|laj|dako}}, in the [[Lango language (Uganda)|Lango language]] means "woman".<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pzrywnLP_6IC&q=dako&pg=PA148|title=Ceremonial Change in Lango, Uganda|last=Curley|first=Richard T.|publisher=University of California Press|year=1974|isbn=978-0520021495|pages=148–149}}</ref> In his work, ''The Lango: A Nilotic Tribe of Uganda'' (1923), anthropologist [[Jack Herbert Driberg]] describes the ''mudoko dako'' people among the Langi. Driberg describes how men, known as ''Jo Apele'' or ''Jo Aboich'', go on to become ''mudoko dako'', dressing in the manner of women and taking on women's traditional roles.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://www.wdl.org/en/item/7769/view/1/236/#q=dako|title=The Lango: A Nilotic Tribe of Uganda|last=Driberg|first=Jack Herbert|publisher=T. Fisher Unwin Ltd.|year=1923|pages=236|oclc=2501700}}</ref> Driberg even observed ''mudoko dako'' simulating [[menstruation]].<ref name=":1" />
== References ==
== References ==
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Latest revision as of 09:17, 23 September 2024

A mudoko dako (also known as mudoko daka[1] or dano mulokere[2]) is an effeminate male who is considered by Langi society to be a different gender, though were mostly treated as woman among the Langi in Uganda. Mudoko dako also could be found among the Teso and the Karamojan people.[1] Recognition of the mudoko dako can be traced back prior to colonialism in Africa.[3]

Mudoko dako was considered an "alternative gender status" and were able to marry men with no social sanctions.[1] The word, dako, in the Lango language means "woman".[4] In his work, The Lango: A Nilotic Tribe of Uganda (1923), anthropologist Jack Herbert Driberg describes the mudoko dako people among the Langi. Driberg describes how men, known as Jo Apele or Jo Aboich, go on to become mudoko dako, dressing in the manner of women and taking on women's traditional roles.[5] Driberg even observed mudoko dako simulating menstruation.[5]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Murray, Stephen O.; Roscoe, Will, eds. (1998). "Overview" (PDF). Boy-wives and Female Husbands: Studies of African Homosexualities. Palgrave. pp. 35–36. ISBN 0312238290.
  2. ^ Conner, Randy P.; Sparks, David Hatfield (2014). Queering Creole Spiritual Traditions: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Participation in African-Inspired Traditions in the Americas. Routledge. p. 37. ISBN 9781317712817.
  3. ^ DeJong, Christina; Long, Eric (2014). "The Death Penalty as Genocide: The Persecution of 'Homosexuals' in Uganda". In Peterson, Dana; Panfil, Vanessa R. (eds.). Handbook of LGBT Communities, Crime, and Justice. Springer. p. 345. ISBN 9781461491880.
  4. ^ Curley, Richard T. (1974). Ceremonial Change in Lango, Uganda. University of California Press. pp. 148–149. ISBN 978-0520021495.
  5. ^ a b Driberg, Jack Herbert (1923). The Lango: A Nilotic Tribe of Uganda. T. Fisher Unwin Ltd. p. 236. OCLC 2501700.