Zayat: Difference between revisions
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{{for|people named Zayat|Zayat (surname)}} |
{{for|people named Zayat|Zayat (surname)}} |
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[[File:BurmeseZayat.jpg|thumb|Illustration of a traditional Burmese zayat]] |
[[File:BurmeseZayat.jpg|thumb|Illustration of a traditional Burmese zayat]] |
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A '''zayat''' ({{MYname|MY=ဇရပ်|MLCTS=ja. rap}}; {{IPA-my|zəjaʔ|IPA}}; from |
A '''zayat''' ({{MYname|MY=ဇရပ်|MLCTS=ja. rap}}; {{IPA-my|zəjaʔ|IPA}}; from {{lang-mnw|ဇြပ်}}{{audio|LL-Q13349 (mnw)-咽頭べさ-ဇြပ်.wav|listen}}) is a [[Burma|Burmese]] building found in almost every village. It serves primarily as a shelter for travelers, at the same time, is also an assembly place for religious occasions as well as meeting for the villagers to discuss the needs and plans of the village. [[Theravada]] [[Buddhist monks]] use zayats as their dwelling place while they are exercising precepts on [[Uposatha|Uposatha days]]. [[Vihara|Buddhist monasteries]] may have one or more zayats nearby. Donors mostly build Zayats along main roads aiming to provide the exhausted travelers with water and shelter. Beginning with [[Adoniram Judson]]'s construction of one in 1818 Christian missionaries have also adopted their use.<ref>{{cite book | first=Henry | last=Howe | title=Adventures and Achievements of Americans | url=https://archive.org/details/achievmentsamer00howerich | publisher=Geo. F. Tuttle | location=New York | year=1859}} as seen at [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.82425/page/n535 <!-- pg=518 quote=Zayat teaching OR buddhist OR buddhism OR religion OR architecture OR building -rabbit -russian -russia -El-Zayat -Al-Zayat. --> Internet Archive]</ref><ref>{{cite web | author = Robina | title=The Story of Yawthit | work=Burma Issues Newsletter, Volume 8 Number 3, March 1998 | url=http://www.burmaissues.org/En/Newsletter/BINews1998-03.php | access-date=2006-06-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last=Capt. C.J.F.S. Forbes, F.R.G.S., M.R.A.S, &c., Officiating Deputy-Commissioner, British Burma| title=British Burma and Its People: Being Sketches of Native Manners, Customs, and Religion | publisher=John Murray | location=London | year=1878}} as seen at [https://archive.org/details/britishburmaand00forbgoog/page/n188 <!-- pg=170 quote=Zayat teaching OR buddhist OR buddhism OR religion OR architecture OR building -rabbit -russian -russia -El-Zayat -Al-Zayat. --> Internet Archive]</ref> |
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[[File:Thudhamma Zayat.jpg|thumb|The ''Thudamma'' Zayat in [[Mandalay]] was built during the [[Konbaung Dynasty]].]] |
[[File:Thudhamma Zayat.jpg|thumb|The ''Thudamma'' Zayat in [[Mandalay]] was built during the [[Konbaung Dynasty]].]] |
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Contributions, in money or labor, towards the construction, running or elaboration of a zayat are seen as [[dāna]] (meritorious charity). Thus zayats are generally built in a more durable and costly manner than most private houses. The labor is normally provided by locals, while the financing may be local or remote.<ref>{{cite book | first=William and Robert | last=Chambers | title=Chambers's Information for the People, Vol. II | publisher=J.B. Lippincott & Co. | location=Philadelphia | year=1857}} as seen at [https://books.google.com/books? |
Contributions, in money or labor, towards the construction, running or elaboration of a zayat are seen as [[dāna]] (meritorious charity). Thus zayats are generally built in a more durable and costly manner than most private houses. The labor is normally provided by locals, while the financing may be local or remote.<ref>{{cite book | first=William and Robert | last=Chambers | title=Chambers's Information for the People, Vol. II | publisher=J.B. Lippincott & Co. | location=Philadelphia | year=1857}} as seen at [https://books.google.com/books?id=DfhpWjE5r-YC&dq=Zayat+teaching+OR+buddhist+OR+buddhism+OR+religion+OR+architecture+OR+building+-rabbit+-russian+-russia+-El-Zayat+-Al-Zayat&pg=RA1-PA407 Google Books]</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Community Service - A Myanmar Tradition | url=http://www.myanmar.gov.mm/Perspective/persp1997/12-97/tra12-97.htm | access-date=2006-06-04}}</ref> |
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Some zayats have evolved other functions over time. For example, the Jivitadana Sangha Hospital for Buddhist monks and nuns began as a clinic at a zayat.<ref>{{cite web | title=Health and Helplines | work=The Yangon Directory | url=http://www.yangondirectory.com.mm/ydg_GeneralInfo/Health_N_Helplines.asp | access-date=2006-06-04}}</ref> |
Some zayats have evolved other functions over time. For example, the Jivitadana Sangha Hospital for Buddhist monks and nuns began as a clinic at a zayat.<ref>{{cite web | title=Health and Helplines | work=The Yangon Directory | url=http://www.yangondirectory.com.mm/ydg_GeneralInfo/Health_N_Helplines.asp | access-date=2006-06-04}}</ref> |
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[[Category:Religious buildings and structures in Myanmar]] |
[[Category:Religious buildings and structures in Myanmar]] |
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[[Category:Buddhism in Myanmar]] |
[[Category:Buddhism in Myanmar]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Culture of Myanmar]] |
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Revision as of 08:02, 17 September 2024
A zayat (Burmese: ဇရပ်; MLCTS: ja. rap; IPA: [zəjaʔ]; from Template:Lang-mnw) is a Burmese building found in almost every village. It serves primarily as a shelter for travelers, at the same time, is also an assembly place for religious occasions as well as meeting for the villagers to discuss the needs and plans of the village. Theravada Buddhist monks use zayats as their dwelling place while they are exercising precepts on Uposatha days. Buddhist monasteries may have one or more zayats nearby. Donors mostly build Zayats along main roads aiming to provide the exhausted travelers with water and shelter. Beginning with Adoniram Judson's construction of one in 1818 Christian missionaries have also adopted their use.[1][2][3]
Contributions, in money or labor, towards the construction, running or elaboration of a zayat are seen as dāna (meritorious charity). Thus zayats are generally built in a more durable and costly manner than most private houses. The labor is normally provided by locals, while the financing may be local or remote.[4][5]
Some zayats have evolved other functions over time. For example, the Jivitadana Sangha Hospital for Buddhist monks and nuns began as a clinic at a zayat.[6]
Literature in English
Because of the importance of zayat based evangelism to Adoniram Judson's mission, and the prominence that his first wife Ann Hasseltine's letters gave his work, many Christian missionaries in Burma constructed and used one or more zayats, and their letters and journals were widely published by missionary boards and societies in the United States.
The first Fu Manchu story entitled The Zayat Kiss was published as a stand-alone magazine story in 1912. This and the next nine stories were combined into the novel The Mystery of Dr. Fu Manchu in 1913, which was titled The Insidious Dr. Fu Manchu when published four months later in the United States.[7]
Gallery
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A Zayat (pavilion) at Kuthodaw Pagoda, Mandalay, Burma -
A roadside Zayat (rest house) at Amarapura, Burma -
A Zayat at Sagaing, Burma
See also
References
- ^ Howe, Henry (1859). Adventures and Achievements of Americans. New York: Geo. F. Tuttle. as seen at Internet Archive
- ^ Robina. "The Story of Yawthit". Burma Issues Newsletter, Volume 8 Number 3, March 1998. Retrieved 2006-06-04.
- ^ Capt. C.J.F.S. Forbes, F.R.G.S., M.R.A.S, &c., Officiating Deputy-Commissioner, British Burma (1878). British Burma and Its People: Being Sketches of Native Manners, Customs, and Religion. London: John Murray.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) as seen at Internet Archive - ^ Chambers, William and Robert (1857). Chambers's Information for the People, Vol. II. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co. as seen at Google Books
- ^ "Community Service - A Myanmar Tradition". Retrieved 2006-06-04.
- ^ "Health and Helplines". The Yangon Directory. Retrieved 2006-06-04.
- ^ "Foreword". The Bookshelf. Retrieved 2006-06-04.