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| image_size=
| image_size=
| caption=
| caption=
| pronunciation= {{IPAc-en|ˈ|æ|b|d|ʊ|l}};<ref>{{cite LPD|3}}</ref> {{IPA-ar|<!--unstressed-->ʕæbdel, ʕabdɪl, ʕæbdʊl|lang}}
| pronunciation= {{IPAc-en|ˈ|æ|b|d|ʊ|l}};<ref>{{cite LPD|3}}</ref> {{IPA|ar|<!--unstressed-->ʕæbdel, ʕabdɪl, ʕæbdʊl|lang}}
| gender = Male
| gender = Male
| meaning = ''servant of ''
| meaning = ''servant of the…''
| language = [[Arabic]]
| language = [[Arabic]]
| seealso = [[Abdo (disambiguation)|Abdu]], [[Abdi]]
| seealso = [[Abdo (disambiguation)|Abdu]], [[Abdi]]
}}
}}


'''Abdul''' (also [[Romanization of Arabic|transliterated]] as '''Abdal''', '''Abdel''', '''Abdil''', '''Abdol''', '''Abdool''', or '''Abdoul'''; {{lang-ar|عبد ال}}, {{transl|ar|DIN|''ʿAbd al-''}}) is the most frequent transliteration of the combination of the Arabic word ''[[Abd (Arabic)|Abd]]'' ({{lang|ar|عبد}}, <small>meaning</small> "Servant") and the definite prefix ''[[Al-|al]] / el'' ({{lang|ar|ال}}, <small>meaning</small> "the").<ref name="Hanks 2003">{{cite book |last=Hanks |first=P. |title=Dictionary of American Family Names: 3-Volume Set |publisher=Oxford University Press, USA |issue=v. 3 |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-19-508137-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vG7MZ9J6dAgC&pg=PA3 |access-date=2 September 2018 |page=3}}</ref>
'''Abdul''' (also [[Romanization of Arabic|transliterated]] as '''Abdal''', '''Abdel''', '''Abdil''', '''Abdol''', '''Abdool''', or '''Abdoul'''; {{lang-ar|عبد ال}}, {{transliteration|ar|DIN|''ʿAbd al-''}}) is the most frequent transliteration of the combination of the Arabic word ''[[Abd (Arabic)|Abd]]'' ({{lang|ar|عبد}}, <small>meaning</small> "Servant") and the definite prefix ''[[Al-|al]] / el'' ({{lang|ar|ال}}, <small>meaning</small> "the").<ref name="Hanks 2003">{{cite book |last=Hanks |first=P. |title=Dictionary of American Family Names: 3-Volume Set |publisher=Oxford University Press, USA |issue=v. 3 |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-19-508137-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vG7MZ9J6dAgC&pg=PA3 |access-date=2 September 2018 |page=3}}</ref>


It is the initial component of many [[compound (linguistics)|compound]] names, names made of two words. For example, {{lang|ar|عبد الحميد}}, ''{{transl|ar|ʿAbd el-Ḥamīd}}'', usually spelled ''Abdel Hamid'', ''Abdelhamid'', ''Abd El Hamid'' or ''Abdul Hamid'', which means "servant of The Praised" (God).
It is the initial component of many [[compound (linguistics)|compound]] names, such as {{lang|ar|عبد الحميد}} ''{{transliteration|ar|ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd}}'' (usually spelled ''Abdel Hamid'', ''Abdelhamid'', ''Abd El Hamid'' or ''Abdul Hamid''; lit. "servant of [[Names of God in Islam|the Praised]]"), {{lang|ar|عبد الله}} ''{{transliteration|ar|ʿAbd Allāh}}'' ([[Abdullah (name)|Abdullah]]), and {{lang|ar|عبد الملك}} ''{{transliteration|ar|ʿAbd al-Malik}}'' ([[Abdul Malik]]).


The most common use for ''Abdul'' by far, is as part of a male [[#Theophoric naming|given name]], written in English. When written in [[English language|English]], ''Abdul'' is subject to variable spacing, spelling, and hyphenation.
The most common use for ''Abdul'' by far, is as part of a male [[#Theophoric naming|given name]], written in English. When written in [[English language|English]], ''Abdul'' is subject to variable spacing, spelling, and hyphenation. It is a common name in the [[Middle East]], [[North Africa]], [[West Africa]], [[East Africa]], [[Central Asia]], the [[Balkans]], the [[Caucasus]], and predominantly [[Muslim]] countries of [[South Asia]] and [[Southeast Asia]]. It is also used amongst [[African American]]s and [[Turkic peoples]] of [[Russia]].


The meaning of ''Abdul'' literally and normally means "Slave of the", but English translations also often translate it to "Servant of the".<ref name=ahmed>{{cite book| title=A Dictionary of Muslim Names| author=Salahuddin Ahmed| publisher = Hurst & Company| location=London| year=1999}}</ref><ref name=rahman>{{cite book| title=A Dictionary of Muslim Names| author= S. A. Rahman| publisher=Goodword Books| location=New Delhi| year=2001}}</ref>
The meaning of ''Abdul'' literally and normally means "Slave of the", but English translations also often translate it to "Servant of the".<ref name=ahmed>{{cite book| title=A Dictionary of Muslim Names| author=Salahuddin Ahmed| publisher = Hurst & Company| location=London| year=1999}}</ref><ref name=rahman>{{cite book| title=A Dictionary of Muslim Names| author= S. A. Rahman| publisher=Goodword Books| location=New Delhi| year=2001}}</ref>
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== Etymology ==
== Etymology ==
In Arabic language, the word {{lang|ar|عبد}} ''{{transl|ar|DIN|ʿabd}}'' means "slave" or "servant", from the [[triliteral root]] {{lang|ar|[[ع]]-[[ب]]-[[د]]}} ''{{transl|ar|ʕ-B-D}}'', which is also related to the word {{lang|ar|عبادة}} ''{{transl|ar|DIN|ʿibādah}}'', "worshiping". Therefore, the word has the positive connotation, in an Islamic sense, of worshiping and praising God, i.e. being a servant to God rather than idols.
In Arabic language, the word {{lang|ar|عبد}} ''{{transliteration|ar|DIN|ʿabd}}'' means "slave" or "servant", from the [[triliteral root]] {{lang|ar|[[ع]]-[[ب]]-[[د]]}} ''{{transliteration|ar|ʕ-B-D}}'', which is also related to the word {{lang|ar|عبادة}} ''{{transliteration|ar|DIN|ʿibādah}}'', "worshiping". The word has the positive connotation in the Islamic faith.<ref>In an Islamic sense, of worshiping and praising God, i.e. being a servant to God rather than idols.</ref>


=== Theophoric naming ===
=== Theophoric naming ===
Essentially there is no ''Abdul'', without the second part when written in Arabic, thus it appears as a component of many Arabic and specifically Muslim names, where it is the opening of a religiously based name, meaning: "Servant of..." with the last component of the name being one of the [[names of God in Islam]], which would form a Muslim Arabic [[theophoric name]]. Such as Abdullah simply meaning "Servant of God" while "Abdul Aziz" means "Servant of the Almighty" and so on.
Essentially there is no ''Abdul'', without the second part when written in Arabic, thus it appears as a component of many Arabic and specifically Muslim names, where it is the opening of a religiously based name, meaning: "Servant of..." with the last component of the name being one of the [[names of God in Islam]], which would form a Muslim Arabic [[theophoric name]]. Such as Abdullah simply meaning "Servant of God" while "Abdul Aziz" means "Servant of the Almighty" and so on.
The name ''Abdul Masih'', ("Servant of the [[Messiah]]") is an Arabic [[Christians|Christian]] equivalent.
The name ''Abdul Masih'', ("Servant of Christ") is an Arabic [[Christians|Christian]] equivalent.


In addition, ''Abdul'' is occasionally, though much more rarely, used in reference to a figure other than God. For example, the Indian name ''Abdul Mughal'', ("Servant of the Mughal Empire").
In addition, ''Abdul'' is occasionally, though much more rarely, used in reference to a figure other than God. For example, the Indian name ''Abdul Mughal'' ("Servant of the Mughal Empire").


=== Derived theophoric names ===
=== Derived theophoric names ===
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=== Arabic grammar ===
=== Arabic grammar ===
When followed by a [[Sun and moon letters|sun letter]], the ''l'' in ''[[Al-|al]]'' (normally pronounced colloquially ''el'') assimilates to the initial consonant of the following noun, resulting in a [[Gemination|doubled consonant]]. For example, "Abdul Rahman", would be pronounced in [[Modern Standard Arabic|Literary Arabic]]: Abdur-Rahman {{IPA-ar|<!--unstressed-->ʕæbdʊr ræħˈmæːn|}}. When the definite article is followed by a [[moon letter]], no assimilation takes place.
When followed by a [[Sun and moon letters|sun letter]], the ''l'' in ''[[Al-|al]]'' (normally pronounced colloquially ''el'') assimilates to the initial consonant of the following noun, resulting in a [[Gemination|doubled consonant]]. For example, "Abdul Rahman", would be pronounced in [[Modern Standard Arabic|Literary Arabic]]: Abdur-Rahman {{IPA|ar|<!--unstressed-->ʕæbdʊr ræħˈmæːn|}}. When the definite article is followed by a [[moon letter]], no assimilation takes place.


Therefore, ''Abdul'' is not always used as the opening part of the name; if the second part starts with a sun letter, it may become forms including '''Abdun''', '''Abdur''', '''Abdus''', or '''Abdush''', the vowel in each name, similarly with ''Abdul'', is also open to differing transliterations.
Therefore, ''Abdul'' is not always used as the opening part of the name; if the second part starts with a sun letter, it may become forms including '''Abdun''', '''Abdur''', '''Abdus''', or '''Abdush''', the vowel in each name, similarly with ''Abdul'', is also open to differing transliterations.


=== Independent naming ===
=== Independent naming ===
''Abdul'' does not appear on its own as a male given name when written in Arabic. In some cultures, the theophoric part may appear to be a stand-alone middle name, or surname, thus confusing people as to whether ''Abdul'' is an accepted given name. Often if someone shortens his/her name, he may equally choose the theophoric part or ''Abdul''. However, ''Abdul'' by itself is sometimes used as an independent full given first name outside of Arabic-speaking societies. Sometimes ''Abdul'' is followed by a word describing [[Muhammad]] the Prophet, for example "Abd un Nabi", which means "slave/servant of the prophet".
''Abdul'' does not appear on its own as a male given name when written in Arabic. In some cultures, the theophoric part may appear to be a stand-alone middle name, or surname, thus confusing people as to whether ''Abdul'' is an accepted given name. Often if someone shortens his/her name, he may equally choose the theophoric part or ''Abdul''. However, ''Abdul'' by itself is sometimes used as an independent full given first name outside of Arabic-speaking societies. Most commonly ''Abdul'' is followed by one of the names of God found in the Quran, the Islamic scriptures, for example "Abdul Rahman", which means "slave/servant of the Merciful".


== Given name ==
== Given name ==
* [[Abdul Razzaq Anjum]] (1952—2003), Pakistan Air Force Vice Marshal
⚫
* [[DJ Abdel]], French DJ and producer of Moroccan descent playing hip hop, funk and contemporary R&B
* [[Abdul Aziz (disambiguation)|Abdul Aziz]], several people
* [[Abdul Azim Badakhshi]] (born 1995), Afghan-born businessman, social media personality, and [[Mixed martial arts|MMA]] athlete
⚫
* [[Abdul Thompson Conteh]] (born 1970), Sierra Leonean footballer
* [[Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh]] (born 1958), Libyan politician and businessman
* [[Abdul Diallo]] (born 1985), Burkina Faso footballer
* [[Abdul Diallo]] (born 1985), Burkina Faso footballer
* [[Abdul "Duke" Fakir]] (born 1935), American singer, best known as a member of the [[Four Tops]]
* [[Abdul Sattar Edhi]] (1928–2016), Pakistani humanitarian, philanthropist and [[Asceticism|ascetic]]
* [[Abdul "Duke" Fakir]] (1935 – 2024), American singer, best known as a member of the [[Four Tops]]
* [[Abdul Fatawu]] (born 2004), Ghanaian professional footballer
* [[Abdul Gaddy]] (born 1992), American basketball player
* [[Abdul Gaddy]] (born 1992), American basketball player
* [[Abdul Kabir]], Afghan Taliban leader
* [[Abdul Halim of Kedah]] (1927–2017), 28th Sultan of Kedah
* [[Abdul Ghaffar Khan]] (1890–1988), Pakistani Pashtun independence activist
* [[Abdul Qadir Gilani]] (1077/1078–1166), Hanbali scholar, preacher, and Sufi leader
* [[Abdul Hamid II]] (1842–1918), 34th sultan of the Ottoman Empire
* [[Abdul Hakim Haqqani]] (born 1967), Afghan Taliban jurist
* [[Abdul Hodge]] (born 1983), American football linebacker
* [[Abdul Hodge]] (born 1983), American football linebacker
* [[Abdul Razak Hussein]] (1922–1976), second prime minister of Malaysia
* [[Abdul Rahman bin Faisal Al Saud (1850–1928)|Abdul Rahman bin Faisal Al Saud]] (1850–1928), last emir of Nejd
* [[Abdul Rahman of Negeri Sembilan]] (1895–1960), Yang di-Pertuan Agong
* [[Abdul Razzaq (cricketer)|Abdul Razzaq]] (born 1979), Pakistani cricket coach and cricketer
* [[Prince Abdul Mateen of Brunei|Prince Abdul Mateen]] (born 1991), Bruneian prince
* [[Abdul Momin]] (1788–1885), 24th Sultan of Brunei
* [[Abdul Muntaqim]] (born 2007), Bruneian prince
* [[Abdul Qadir (cricketer)|Abdul Qadir]] (1955–2019), Pakistani cricketeer
* [[Abdul Salis]] (born 1979), British actor
* [[Abdul Salis]] (born 1979), British actor
* [[Abdul Sattar (Maharashtra politician)|Abdul Sattar]], Indian politician
⚫
* [[Abdul Thompson Conteh]] (born 1970), Sierra Leonean footballer
* [[Abdul Shamsid-Deen]] (born 1968), American former basketball player
* [[Abdul Vas]] (born 1981), Venezuelan artist
* [[Abdul Vas]] (born 1981), Venezuelan artist
* [[Abdul Rahman Ya'kub]] (1928–2015), Malaysian politician
* [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]] (1931 – 2015), 11th President of India
* [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]] (1931 – 2015), 11th President of India
⚫
* [[DJ Abdel]], French DJ and producer of Moroccan descent playing hip hop, funk and contemporary R&B
* [[Abdul Hameed]] (born 1988), Cameraman in Wakey Wines
{{given name}}
{{given name}}


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== Fictional characters ==
== Fictional characters ==
* Abdul-Adl (阿布杜爾阿德勒), a character in the Taiwanese television series ''{{ill|Port of Lies|zh|八尺門的辯護人}}'' (八尺門的辯護人).
* [[Abdul Alhazred]], character created by American horror writer H. P. Lovecraft
* [[Abdul ibn Shareef]], fictional politician on ''The West Wing''
* [[Abdul Alhazred]], character created by American horror writer [[H. P. Lovecraft]]
* [[Mohammed Avdol]] (also spelled Abdul), fictional character in the [[manga]] and [[anime]] ''[[JoJo's Bizarre Adventure]]'' created by [[Hirohiko Araki]]
* [[Mohammed Avdol]] (also spelled Abdul), fictional character in the [[manga]] and [[anime]] ''[[JoJo's Bizarre Adventure]]'' created by [[Hirohiko Araki]]


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* [[Abdullah (disambiguation)]], often confused with having the same meaning as ''Abdul''
* [[Abdullah (disambiguation)]], often confused with having the same meaning as ''Abdul''
* [[Arabic name]]
* [[Arabic name]]
* [[List of Arabic theophoric names|Arabic theophoric names]], including a list of names where ''Abdul'' is an element.
* Composites like [[Abdel-Halim]]
* [[Turkish name]]
* [[Turkish name]]


== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
<references />

[[Category:Arabic-language surnames]]
[[Category:Arabic-language surnames]]
[[Category:Arabic masculine given names]]
[[Category:Arabic-language masculine given names]]
[[Category:Masculine given names]]
[[Category:Pakistani masculine given names]]
[[Category:Pakistani masculine given names]]

Revision as of 16:16, 12 September 2024

For the village in Iran, see Abdul, Iran.
Abdul
Pronunciation/ˈæbdʊl/;[1] Arabic: [ʕæbdel, ʕabdɪl, ʕæbdʊl]
GenderMale
Language(s)Arabic
Origin
Meaningservant of the…
Other names
See alsoAbdu, Abdi

Abdul (also transliterated as Abdal, Abdel, Abdil, Abdol, Abdool, or Abdoul; Arabic: عبد ال, ʿAbd al-) is the most frequent transliteration of the combination of the Arabic word Abd (عبد, meaning "Servant") and the definite prefix al / el (ال, meaning "the").[2]

It is the initial component of many compound names, such as عبد الحميد ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd (usually spelled Abdel Hamid, Abdelhamid, Abd El Hamid or Abdul Hamid; lit. "servant of the Praised"), عبد الله ʿAbd Allāh (Abdullah), and عبد الملك ʿAbd al-Malik (Abdul Malik).

The most common use for Abdul by far, is as part of a male given name, written in English. When written in English, Abdul is subject to variable spacing, spelling, and hyphenation. It is a common name in the Middle East, North Africa, West Africa, East Africa, Central Asia, the Balkans, the Caucasus, and predominantly Muslim countries of South Asia and Southeast Asia. It is also used amongst African Americans and Turkic peoples of Russia.

The meaning of Abdul literally and normally means "Slave of the", but English translations also often translate it to "Servant of the".[3][4]

Spelling variations

Variations in spelling are primarily because of the variation in pronunciation. Arabic speakers normally pronounce and transcribe their names of Arabic origin according to their spoken Arabic dialects. Therefore, it is pronounced /ʕabdel/ and written Abdel... or Abd El.... However, non-Arabic speakers or Arabic speakers may choose to transcribe the name according to the Literary Arabic pronunciation, which is the language of Quran, pronounced as /ʕabdul/ and written Abdul.... For other variations in spelling, see the Arabic grammar section.

Etymology

In Arabic language, the word عبد ʿabd means "slave" or "servant", from the triliteral root ع-ب-د ʕ-B-D, which is also related to the word عبادة ʿibādah, "worshiping". The word has the positive connotation in the Islamic faith.[5]

Theophoric naming

Essentially there is no Abdul, without the second part when written in Arabic, thus it appears as a component of many Arabic and specifically Muslim names, where it is the opening of a religiously based name, meaning: "Servant of..." with the last component of the name being one of the names of God in Islam, which would form a Muslim Arabic theophoric name. Such as Abdullah simply meaning "Servant of God" while "Abdul Aziz" means "Servant of the Almighty" and so on. The name Abdul Masih, ("Servant of Christ") is an Arabic Christian equivalent.

In addition, Abdul is occasionally, though much more rarely, used in reference to a figure other than God. For example, the Indian name Abdul Mughal ("Servant of the Mughal Empire").

Derived theophoric names

Main article: List of Arabic theophoric names
The most common names are listed below

Arabic grammar

When followed by a sun letter, the l in al (normally pronounced colloquially el) assimilates to the initial consonant of the following noun, resulting in a doubled consonant. For example, "Abdul Rahman", would be pronounced in Literary Arabic: Abdur-Rahman [ʕæbdʊr ræħˈmæːn]. When the definite article is followed by a moon letter, no assimilation takes place.

Therefore, Abdul is not always used as the opening part of the name; if the second part starts with a sun letter, it may become forms including Abdun, Abdur, Abdus, or Abdush, the vowel in each name, similarly with Abdul, is also open to differing transliterations.

Independent naming

Abdul does not appear on its own as a male given name when written in Arabic. In some cultures, the theophoric part may appear to be a stand-alone middle name, or surname, thus confusing people as to whether Abdul is an accepted given name. Often if someone shortens his/her name, he may equally choose the theophoric part or Abdul. However, Abdul by itself is sometimes used as an independent full given first name outside of Arabic-speaking societies. Most commonly Abdul is followed by one of the names of God found in the Quran, the Islamic scriptures, for example "Abdul Rahman", which means "slave/servant of the Merciful".

Given name

Surname

Fictional characters

See also

References

  1. ^ Wells, John C. (2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.). Longman. ISBN 978-1-4058-8118-0.
  2. ^ Hanks, P. (2003). Dictionary of American Family Names: 3-Volume Set. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-19-508137-4. Retrieved 2 September 2018.
  3. ^ Salahuddin Ahmed (1999). A Dictionary of Muslim Names. London: Hurst & Company.
  4. ^ S. A. Rahman (2001). A Dictionary of Muslim Names. New Delhi: Goodword Books.
  5. ^ In an Islamic sense, of worshiping and praising God, i.e. being a servant to God rather than idols.
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