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{{Infobox President | name=Michael Hainisch
{{Short description|President of Austria from 1920 to 1928}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|nationality=Austrian
|image=Michael Hainisch.jpg|140px
| name = Michael Hainisch
|caption= Michael Hainisch, July 1928, [[Vienna]]
| image = Michael Hainisch (cropped).jpg
|order=[[List of Federal Presidents of Austria|2nd]] [[President of Austria]]
| office = [[President of Austria]]
|term_start=December 9, 1920
| term_start = 9 December 1920
|term_end=December 10, 1928
| term_end = 10 December 1928
|chancellor = [[Michael Mayr]]<br />[[Johann Schober]]<br />[[Walter Breisky]]<br />[[Ignaz Seipel]]<br />[[Rudolf Ramek]]
| chancellor = [[Michael Mayr]]<br />[[Johann Schober]]<br />[[Walter Breisky]]<br />[[Ignaz Seipel]]<br />[[Rudolf Ramek]]
|predecessor=[[Karl Seitz]]
| predecessor = ''Office established''
|successor=[[Wilhelm Miklas]]
| successor = [[Wilhelm Miklas]]
| office1 = [[Federal Ministry for Climate Action, Environment, Energy, Mobility, Innovation and Technology|Minister of Commerce and Transport]]
⚫
|birth_date={{birth date|1858|8|15|df=y}}
| term_start1 = 26 September 1929
⚫
|birth_place=[[Gloggnitz|Aue bei Schottwien]], Austria
| term_end1 = 17 June 1930
⚫
|death_date={{death date and age|1940|2|26|1858|8|15|df=y}}
| chancellor1 = [[Johannes Schober]]
⚫
|death_place=[[Vienna]], Austria
| predecessor1 = Hans Schürff
|party=[[independent (politician)|independent]]
| successor1 = Friedrich Schuster
|religion=
⚫
| birth_date = {{birth date|1858|8|15|df=y}}
⚫
| birth_place = [[Gloggnitz|Aue bei Schottwien]], [[Lower Austria]], [[Austrian Empire]]
⚫
| death_date = {{death date and age|1940|2|26|1858|8|15|df=y}}
⚫
| death_place = [[Vienna]], [[Nazi Germany]]
| party = [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
| alma_mater = [[Leipzig University]]<br />[[University of Vienna]]
| otherparty = [[Social Political Party]]<br />[[Centrist Democrats]]
}}
}}

'''Michael Arthur Josef Jakob Hainisch''' (August 15, 1858 – February 26, 1940) was an Austrian politician, and the [[President of Austria#List of presidents of Austria (1919–present)|second President]] of Austria, after the fall of the monarchy at the end of World War I.
'''Michael Arthur Josef Jakob Hainisch''' ({{IPA|de|ˈhaɪnɪʃ|lang|De-at Michael Hainisch.ogg}}; 15 August 1858 – 26 February 1940) was an Austrian politician who served as the first [[President of Austria]] from 1920 to 1928, after the [[Dissolution of Austria-Hungary|fall of the monarchy]] at the end of [[World War I]].


==Origins==
==Origins==
Hainisch was born and named after his father who was a factory owner. His mother [[Marianne Hainisch]] was a leader in the suffrage movement.<ref name="HaanDaskalova2006">{{cite book|author1=Francisca de Haan|author2=Krasimira Daskalova|author3=Anna Loutfi|title=Biographical Dictionary of Women's Movements and Feminisms in Central, Eastern, and South Eastern Europe: 19th and 20th Centuries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hsgQjbgBOAkC&pg=PA176|date=1 January 2006|publisher=Central European University Press|isbn=978-963-7326-39-4|pages=174–6}}</ref>
⚫
He started out as a lawyer and an official of the Treasury and of the Education Department, but then retired to his estates in [[Lower Austria]] and [[Styria]], where he carried on model farming, became a leader of the Austrian branch of the [[Fabian Society|Fabian]] movement, and one of the founders of the Central People's Library. In later years he moved away from radical socialism to became a conservative agrarian.<ref>{{Cite EB1922|wstitle=Hainisch, Michael}}</ref>

⚫
He started out as a lawyer and an official of the Treasury and of the Education Department, but then retired to his estates in [[Lower Austria]] and [[Styria]], where he carried on model farming, became a leader of the Austrian branch of the [[Fabian Society|Fabian]] movement, and one of the founders of the Central People's Library. In later years he moved away from radical socialism to become a conservative agrarian.<ref>{{Cite EB1922|wstitle=Hainisch, Michael}}</ref>


==Presidency==
==Presidency==
[[File:Bronze Medal of Michael Hainisch, President of Austria 1920 (ND).jpg|left|thumb|Bronze medal of Michael Hainisch, President of Austria, 1920 (ND). Artist [[List of medallists|Grete Hartmann]], née Chrobak, 1869–1946]]
[[File:Austria, Art Deco Medal by Grete Hartmann, Michael Hainisch Federal President 1920 ND.jpg|thumb|left|Bronze medal of Michael Hainisch, Federal President of Austria, 1920 (ND). Artist [[List of medallists|Grete Hartmann]], née Chrobak, 1869–1946]]
Hainisch held aloof from political parties. He was chosen president because of his personal authority, although he was not a member of the parliament. He was an independent candidate. He was elected and assumed office in 1920, and stayed for two periods until 1928. He was married to Emilia Figdor, the descendant of a prominent Viennese assimilated Jewish family. Emilia's father, Gustav, was a town councillor of the city of Vienna.
Hainisch held aloof from political parties. He was chosen president because of his personal authority, although he was not a member of the parliament. He was an independent candidate. He was elected and assumed office in 1920, and stayed for two periods until 1928. He was married to Emilia Figdor, the descendant of a prominent Viennese assimilated Jewish family. Emilia's father, Gustav, was a town councillor of the city of Vienna.


As a president, he worked hard to improve the dire situation Austria found itself after the war.
As a president, he worked hard to improve the dire situation Austria found itself after the war.
He did a lot to develop the [[agricultural sector]], encouraged the [[electrification]] of the [[railway]], tried to develop more [[tourism]] especially in the [[Alps]]. Trade with neighbouring countries such as Germany was encouraged. He also became a protector of local traditions and [[culture]] and initiated the creation of the law of protected monuments.
He did a lot to develop the [[agricultural sector]], encouraged the [[electrification]] of the [[railway]], tried to develop more [[tourism]] especially in the [[Alps]]. Trade with neighbouring countries such as Germany was encouraged. He also became a protector of local traditions and [[culture]] and initiated the creation of the law of protected monuments.

He became also an honorary member of the Akademie der Wissenschaften (Academy of Sciences).
He became also an honorary member of the Akademie der Wissenschaften (Academy of Sciences).


In 1928, main parties proposed to amend the constitution in order to reelect Hainisch for a third term. Federal Chancellor [[Ignaz Seipel]] proposed a one-year term for Hainisch, but Hainisch declined a third term.<ref>{{Cite journal|journal=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,928608-1,00.html|title=Austria: Three-Room President|date=December 17, 1928}}</ref> He subsequently served as Commerce Minister from 1929 to 1930.
In 1928, main parties proposed to amend the constitution in order to reelect Hainisch for a third term. Federal Chancellor [[Ignaz Seipel]] proposed a one-year term for Hainisch, but Hainisch declined a third term.<ref>{{Cite magazine|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,928608-1,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103094010/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,928608-1,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 3, 2012|title=Austria: Three-Room President|date=December 17, 1928}}</ref> He subsequently served as Commerce Minister from 1929 to 1930.


Controversially, he supported [[Pan-German]] ideas and later supported the [[Anschluss]] of Austria to Nazi-Germany in 1938, as did many of his compatriots. He died in 1940, just a year after World War II started.
Controversially, he supported [[Pan-German]] ideas and later supported the [[Anschluss]] of Austria to [[Nazi-Germany]] in 1938, as did many of his compatriots. He died in February 1940, just nearly two years after the Anschluss and a few months after [[World War II]] started.


==Works==
==Works==
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* ''Heimarbeit'' (1906)
* ''Heimarbeit'' (1906)
* ''Fleischnot und Alpine Landwirtschaft''
* ''Fleischnot und Alpine Landwirtschaft''

==Awards==
*Grand Cross of the [[Order of the White Lion]], Czechoslovakia (1926)<ref>https://www.prazskyhradarchiv.cz/file/edee/vyznamenani/cs_rbl.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref>
*[[Wilhelm Exner Medal]], 1926


==References==
==References==
Line 45: Line 60:


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.hofburg.at/show_content2.php?s2id=46 Hofburg.at: Michael Hainisch] {{de icon}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110514233452/http://www.hofburg.at/show_content2.php?s2id=46 Hofburg.at: Michael Hainisch] {{in lang|de}}
*[http://www.aeiou.at/aeiou.encyclop.h/h093814.htm AEIOU: Michael Hainisch] {{de icon}}
*[http://www.aeiou.at/aeiou.encyclop.h/h093814.htm AEIOU: Michael Hainisch] {{in lang|de}}
* {{PM20|FID=pe/006967}}


{{s-start}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-break}}
{{succession box | before = [[Karl Seitz]] | title = [[List of Federal Presidents of Austria|Federal President of Austria]] | years = 1920–1928 | after = [[Wilhelm Miklas]]}}
{{s-new|office}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[President of Austria]]|years=1920–1928}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Wilhelm Miklas]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Hans Schürff]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Federal Ministry for Climate Action, Environment, Energy, Mobility, Innovation and Technology|Minister of Commerce and Transport]]|years=1929–1930}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Friedrich Schuster]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{s-end}}


{{Presidents of Austria}}
{{Presidents of Austria|State Presidents of Austria}}


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME =Hainisch, Michael
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Austrian politician
| DATE OF BIRTH =August 15, 1858
| PLACE OF BIRTH =[[Aue bei Schottwien]], [[Niederösterreich]] ([[Lower Austria]])
| DATE OF DEATH =February 26, 1940
| PLACE OF DEATH =[[Vienna]], Austria
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hainisch, Michael}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hainisch, Michael}}
[[Category:1858 births]]
[[Category:1858 births]]
[[Category:1940 deaths]]
[[Category:1940 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Gloggnitz]]
[[Category:People from Neunkirchen District, Austria]]
[[Category:Presidents of Austria]]
[[Category:Presidents of Austria]]
[[Category:University of Vienna alumni]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of the White Lion]]
[[Category:20th-century Austrian politicians]]
[[Category:People from Austria-Hungary]]

Latest revision as of 10:29, 2 September 2024

Michael Hainisch
President of Austria
In office
9 December 1920 – 10 December 1928
ChancellorMichael Mayr
Johann Schober
Walter Breisky
Ignaz Seipel
Rudolf Ramek
Preceded byOffice established
Succeeded byWilhelm Miklas
Minister of Commerce and Transport
In office
26 September 1929 – 17 June 1930
ChancellorJohannes Schober
Preceded byHans Schürff
Succeeded byFriedrich Schuster
Personal details
Born(1858-08-15)15 August 1858
Aue bei Schottwien, Lower Austria, Austrian Empire
Died26 February 1940(1940-02-26) (aged 81)
Vienna, Nazi Germany
Political partyIndependent
Other political
affiliations		Social Political Party
Centrist Democrats
Alma materLeipzig University
University of Vienna

Michael Arthur Josef Jakob Hainisch (German: [ˈhaɪnɪʃ] ⓘ; 15 August 1858 – 26 February 1940) was an Austrian politician who served as the first President of Austria from 1920 to 1928, after the fall of the monarchy at the end of World War I.

Origins

[edit]

Hainisch was born and named after his father who was a factory owner. His mother Marianne Hainisch was a leader in the suffrage movement.[1]

He started out as a lawyer and an official of the Treasury and of the Education Department, but then retired to his estates in Lower Austria and Styria, where he carried on model farming, became a leader of the Austrian branch of the Fabian movement, and one of the founders of the Central People's Library. In later years he moved away from radical socialism to become a conservative agrarian.[2]

Presidency

[edit]
Bronze medal of Michael Hainisch, Federal President of Austria, 1920 (ND). Artist Grete Hartmann, née Chrobak, 1869–1946

Hainisch held aloof from political parties. He was chosen president because of his personal authority, although he was not a member of the parliament. He was an independent candidate. He was elected and assumed office in 1920, and stayed for two periods until 1928. He was married to Emilia Figdor, the descendant of a prominent Viennese assimilated Jewish family. Emilia's father, Gustav, was a town councillor of the city of Vienna.

As a president, he worked hard to improve the dire situation Austria found itself after the war. He did a lot to develop the agricultural sector, encouraged the electrification of the railway, tried to develop more tourism especially in the Alps. Trade with neighbouring countries such as Germany was encouraged. He also became a protector of local traditions and culture and initiated the creation of the law of protected monuments.

He became also an honorary member of the Akademie der Wissenschaften (Academy of Sciences).

In 1928, main parties proposed to amend the constitution in order to reelect Hainisch for a third term. Federal Chancellor Ignaz Seipel proposed a one-year term for Hainisch, but Hainisch declined a third term.[3] He subsequently served as Commerce Minister from 1929 to 1930.

Controversially, he supported Pan-German ideas and later supported the Anschluss of Austria to Nazi-Germany in 1938, as did many of his compatriots. He died in February 1940, just nearly two years after the Anschluss and a few months after World War II started.

Works

[edit]

He was a fertile author of works on sociology and politics:

  • Zukunft der Oesterreicher ("The future of the Austrians," 1892)
  • Zur Wahlreform ("Towards electoral reform," 1895)
  • Kampf ums Dasein und Sozialpolitik ("The fight for existence and social politics," 1899)
  • Heimarbeit (1906)
  • Fleischnot und Alpine Landwirtschaft

Awards

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Francisca de Haan; Krasimira Daskalova; Anna Loutfi (1 January 2006). Biographical Dictionary of Women's Movements and Feminisms in Central, Eastern, and South Eastern Europe: 19th and 20th Centuries. Central European University Press. pp. 174–6. ISBN 978-963-7326-39-4.
  2. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1922). "Hainisch, Michael" . Encyclopædia Britannica (12th ed.). London & New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company.
  3. ^ "Austria: Three-Room President". Time. December 17, 1928. Archived from the original on November 3, 2012.
  4. ^ https://www.prazskyhradarchiv.cz/file/edee/vyznamenani/cs_rbl.pdf [bare URL PDF]
[edit]
Political offices
New office President of Austria
1920–1928 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Minister of Commerce and Transport
1929–1930 		Succeeded by
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