Michael Hainisch: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|President of Austria from 1920 to 1928}} |
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{{Infobox officeholder |
{{Infobox officeholder |
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| name = Michael Hainisch |
| name = Michael Hainisch |
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| image = Michael Hainisch (cropped).jpg |
| image = Michael Hainisch (cropped).jpg |
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| office = [[President of Austria]] |
| office = [[President of Austria]] |
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| term_start = 9 December 1920 |
| term_start = 9 December 1920 |
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| term_end = 10 December 1928 |
| term_end = 10 December 1928 |
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| chancellor = [[Michael Mayr]]<br>[[Johann Schober]]<br>[[Walter Breisky]]<br>[[Ignaz Seipel]]<br>[[Rudolf Ramek]] |
| chancellor = [[Michael Mayr]]<br />[[Johann Schober]]<br />[[Walter Breisky]]<br />[[Ignaz Seipel]]<br />[[Rudolf Ramek]] |
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| predecessor = Office established |
| predecessor = ''Office established'' |
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| successor = [[Wilhelm Miklas]] |
| successor = [[Wilhelm Miklas]] |
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| office1 = [[Federal Ministry for Climate Action, Environment, Energy, Mobility, Innovation and Technology|Minister of Commerce and Transport]] |
| office1 = [[Federal Ministry for Climate Action, Environment, Energy, Mobility, Innovation and Technology|Minister of Commerce and Transport]] |
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| term_start1 = 26 September 1929 |
| term_start1 = 26 September 1929 |
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| term_end1 = 17 June 1930 |
| term_end1 = 17 June 1930 |
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| chancellor1 = [[Johannes Schober]] |
| chancellor1 = [[Johannes Schober]] |
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| predecessor1 = Hans Schürff |
| predecessor1 = Hans Schürff |
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| successor1 = Friedrich Schuster |
| successor1 = Friedrich Schuster |
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| birth_date = {{birth date|1858|8|15|df=y}} |
| birth_date = {{birth date|1858|8|15|df=y}} |
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| birth_place = [[Gloggnitz|Aue bei Schottwien]], [[Lower Austria]], [[Austrian Empire]] |
| birth_place = [[Gloggnitz|Aue bei Schottwien]], [[Lower Austria]], [[Austrian Empire]] |
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| death_date = {{death date and age|1940|2|26|1858|8|15|df=y}} |
| death_date = {{death date and age|1940|2|26|1858|8|15|df=y}} |
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| death_place = [[Vienna]], [[Nazi Germany]] |
| death_place = [[Vienna]], [[Nazi Germany]] |
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| party = [[Independent (politician)|Independent]] |
| party = [[Independent (politician)|Independent]] |
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| alma_mater = [[Leipzig University]]<br>[[University of Vienna]] |
| alma_mater = [[Leipzig University]]<br />[[University of Vienna]] |
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| otherparty = [[Social Political Party]]<br />[[Centrist Democrats]] |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Michael Arthur Josef Jakob Hainisch''' ({{IPA |
'''Michael Arthur Josef Jakob Hainisch''' ({{IPA|de|ˈhaɪnɪʃ|lang|De-at Michael Hainisch.ogg}}; 15 August 1858 – 26 February 1940) was an Austrian politician who served as the first [[President of Austria]] from 1920 to 1928, after the [[Dissolution of Austria-Hungary|fall of the monarchy]] at the end of [[World War I]]. |
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==Origins== |
==Origins== |
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He became also an honorary member of the Akademie der Wissenschaften (Academy of Sciences). |
He became also an honorary member of the Akademie der Wissenschaften (Academy of Sciences). |
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In 1928, main parties proposed to amend the constitution in order to reelect Hainisch for a third term. Federal Chancellor [[Ignaz Seipel]] proposed a one-year term for Hainisch, but Hainisch declined a third term.<ref>{{Cite |
In 1928, main parties proposed to amend the constitution in order to reelect Hainisch for a third term. Federal Chancellor [[Ignaz Seipel]] proposed a one-year term for Hainisch, but Hainisch declined a third term.<ref>{{Cite magazine|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,928608-1,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103094010/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,928608-1,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 3, 2012|title=Austria: Three-Room President|date=December 17, 1928}}</ref> He subsequently served as Commerce Minister from 1929 to 1930. |
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Controversially, he supported [[Pan-German]] ideas and later supported the [[Anschluss]] of Austria to [[Nazi-Germany]] in 1938, as did many of his compatriots. He died in February 1940, just nearly two years after the Anschluss and a few months after [[World War II]] started. |
Controversially, he supported [[Pan-German]] ideas and later supported the [[Anschluss]] of Austria to [[Nazi-Germany]] in 1938, as did many of his compatriots. He died in February 1940, just nearly two years after the Anschluss and a few months after [[World War II]] started. |
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==Awards== |
==Awards== |
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*Grand Cross of the [[Order of the White Lion]], Czechoslovakia (1926)<ref>https://www.prazskyhradarchiv.cz/file/edee/vyznamenani/cs_rbl.pdf</ref> |
*Grand Cross of the [[Order of the White Lion]], Czechoslovakia (1926)<ref>https://www.prazskyhradarchiv.cz/file/edee/vyznamenani/cs_rbl.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref> |
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*[[Wilhelm Exner Medal]], 1926 |
*[[Wilhelm Exner Medal]], 1926 |
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[[Category:University of Vienna alumni]] |
[[Category:University of Vienna alumni]] |
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[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of the White Lion]] |
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of the White Lion]] |
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[[Category:20th-century Austrian politicians]] |
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[[Category:People from Austria-Hungary]] |
Latest revision as of 10:29, 2 September 2024
Michael Hainisch | |
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President of Austria | |
In office 9 December 1920 – 10 December 1928 | |
Chancellor | Michael Mayr Johann Schober Walter Breisky Ignaz Seipel Rudolf Ramek |
Preceded by | Office established |
Succeeded by | Wilhelm Miklas |
Minister of Commerce and Transport | |
In office 26 September 1929 – 17 June 1930 | |
Chancellor | Johannes Schober |
Preceded by | Hans Schürff |
Succeeded by | Friedrich Schuster |
Personal details | |
Born | Aue bei Schottwien, Lower Austria, Austrian Empire | 15 August 1858
Died | 26 February 1940 Vienna, Nazi Germany | (aged 81)
Political party | Independent |
Other political affiliations | Social Political Party Centrist Democrats |
Alma mater | Leipzig University University of Vienna |
Michael Arthur Josef Jakob Hainisch (German: [ˈhaɪnɪʃ] ; 15 August 1858 – 26 February 1940) was an Austrian politician who served as the first President of Austria from 1920 to 1928, after the fall of the monarchy at the end of World War I.
Origins
[edit]Hainisch was born and named after his father who was a factory owner. His mother Marianne Hainisch was a leader in the suffrage movement.[1]
He started out as a lawyer and an official of the Treasury and of the Education Department, but then retired to his estates in Lower Austria and Styria, where he carried on model farming, became a leader of the Austrian branch of the Fabian movement, and one of the founders of the Central People's Library. In later years he moved away from radical socialism to become a conservative agrarian.[2]
Presidency
[edit]Hainisch held aloof from political parties. He was chosen president because of his personal authority, although he was not a member of the parliament. He was an independent candidate. He was elected and assumed office in 1920, and stayed for two periods until 1928. He was married to Emilia Figdor, the descendant of a prominent Viennese assimilated Jewish family. Emilia's father, Gustav, was a town councillor of the city of Vienna.
As a president, he worked hard to improve the dire situation Austria found itself after the war. He did a lot to develop the agricultural sector, encouraged the electrification of the railway, tried to develop more tourism especially in the Alps. Trade with neighbouring countries such as Germany was encouraged. He also became a protector of local traditions and culture and initiated the creation of the law of protected monuments.
He became also an honorary member of the Akademie der Wissenschaften (Academy of Sciences).
In 1928, main parties proposed to amend the constitution in order to reelect Hainisch for a third term. Federal Chancellor Ignaz Seipel proposed a one-year term for Hainisch, but Hainisch declined a third term.[3] He subsequently served as Commerce Minister from 1929 to 1930.
Controversially, he supported Pan-German ideas and later supported the Anschluss of Austria to Nazi-Germany in 1938, as did many of his compatriots. He died in February 1940, just nearly two years after the Anschluss and a few months after World War II started.
Works
[edit]He was a fertile author of works on sociology and politics:
- Zukunft der Oesterreicher ("The future of the Austrians," 1892)
- Zur Wahlreform ("Towards electoral reform," 1895)
- Kampf ums Dasein und Sozialpolitik ("The fight for existence and social politics," 1899)
- Heimarbeit (1906)
- Fleischnot und Alpine Landwirtschaft
Awards
[edit]- Grand Cross of the Order of the White Lion, Czechoslovakia (1926)[4]
- Wilhelm Exner Medal, 1926
References
[edit]- ^ Francisca de Haan; Krasimira Daskalova; Anna Loutfi (1 January 2006). Biographical Dictionary of Women's Movements and Feminisms in Central, Eastern, and South Eastern Europe: 19th and 20th Centuries. Central European University Press. pp. 174–6. ISBN 978-963-7326-39-4.
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1922). Encyclopædia Britannica (12th ed.). London & New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company. .
- ^ "Austria: Three-Room President". Time. December 17, 1928. Archived from the original on November 3, 2012.
- ^ https://www.prazskyhradarchiv.cz/file/edee/vyznamenani/cs_rbl.pdf [bare URL PDF]
External links
[edit]- Hofburg.at: Michael Hainisch (in German)
- AEIOU: Michael Hainisch (in German)
- Newspaper clippings about Michael Hainisch in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW