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{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:{{mp|(44594) 1999 OX|3}}}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:{{mp|(44594) 1999 OX|3}}}}
{{Infobox planet
{{Infobox planet
| minorplanet = yes
| minorplanet = yes
| name = (44594) {{mp|1999 OX|3}}
| width = 25em
| bgcolour = #FFFFC0
| background = #C2E0FF
| name = {{mp|(44594) 1999 OX|3}}
| image = (44594) 1999 OX3.tiff
| symbol =
| image_size =
| image = [[File:(44594) 1999 OX3.tiff|300px]]
| caption = Orbit diagram (top view, 1999 OX3 in blue)
| caption = Orbit diagram (top view, 1999 OX3 in blue)
| discovery_ref = <ref name="jpldata" />
| discovery = yes
| discoverer = [[John J. Kavelaars|J. J. Kavelaars]]<br />[[Brett J. Gladman|B. Gladman]]<br />[[Matthew J. Holman|M. Holman]]<br />[[Jean-Marc Petit|J.-M. Petit]]
| discovery_ref = <ref name="MPC">{{cite web | url=http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/iau/lists/NumberedMPs040001.html | title=Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (40001)-(45000) | accessdate=21 December 2008 | publisher=IAU: Minor Planet Center | archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20081101183043/http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/iau/lists/NumberedMPs040001.html| archivedate= 1 November 2008<!--Added by DASHBot-->}}</ref>
| discoverer = Mauna Kea
| discovery_site = [[Mauna Kea Observatories|Mauna Kea Obs.]]
| discovered = 21 July 1999
| discovered = 21 July 1999
| mpc_name = (44594) {{mp|1999 OX|3}}
| designations = yes
| mp_name = {{mp|(44594) 1999 OX|3}}
| alt_names = {{mp|1999 OX|3}}
| alt_names =
| pronounced =
| named_after = <!--[[xafter]]<br />{{small|()}}-->
| mp_category = [[Trans-Neptunian object|TNO]]<ref name="jpldata"/><br>[[Centaur (minor planet)|centaur]] ([[Deep Ecliptic Survey|DES]])<ref name="Buie">{{cite web
| mp_category = [[Trans-Neptunian object|TNO]]<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="lcdb" />{{·}}[[Centaur (minor planet)|centaur]]<ref name="johnstonarchive" /><ref name="Buie" /><br />[[Distant minor planet|distant]]<ref name="MPC-object" />
|author=Marc W. Buie
| orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" />
|author-link=Marc W. Buie
| epoch = 4 September 2017 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2458000.5)
|date=2006-10-14
| uncertainty = 2
|title=Orbit Fit and Astrometric record for 44594
| observation_arc = 17.35 yr (6,338 days)
|publisher=SwRI (Space Science Department)
| aphelion = 46.576 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]
|url=http://www.boulder.swri.edu/~buie/kbo/astrom/44594.html
| perihelion = 17.589 AU
|accessdate=2008-09-30}}</ref>
| semimajor = 32.083 AU
| orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata">{{cite web
| eccentricity = 0.4518
|type=last observation: 2006-10-14
| period = 181.72 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (66,375 days)
|title =JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 44594 (1999 OX3)
| mean_anomaly = 347.21[[Degree (angle)|°]]
|url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=44594
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.0054|sup=ms}} / day
|accessdate=2008-09-30}}</ref>
| inclination = 2.6248°
| epoch = 2008-11-30 (2454800.5)
| asc_node = 259.10°
| aphelion = 47.169 [[Astronomical unit|AU]] (Q)
| arg_peri = 144.53°
| perihelion = 17.644 AU (q)<br>(near [[Uranus]])
| dimensions = 151&nbsp;km<ref name="johnstonarchive" /><ref name="Ferret" /><br />159.78&nbsp;km {{small|(calculated)}}<ref name="lcdb" />
| semimajor = 32.407 AU (a)<br>(near [[Neptune]])
| rotation = {{val|9.26}} [[Hour|h]]<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Thirouin-2012" />
| eccentricity = 0.4555
| albedo = 0.10 {{small|(assumed)}}<ref name="lcdb" />
| period = 184.49 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]]
| spectral_type = [[Trans-Neptunian object#Spectra|RR]]<ref name="johnstonarchive" /><ref name="Belskaya-2015" />{{·}}[[C-type asteroid|C]]<ref name="lcdb" />
| avg_speed =
| abs_magnitude = {{val|6.07|0.19}} {{small|(R)}}<ref name="Boehnhardt-2014" />{{·}}{{val|6.835|0.078}} {{small|(R)}}<ref name="Peixinho-2012" />{{·}}7.1<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="lcdb" />{{·}}7.4<ref name="Thirouin-2012" />{{·}}{{val|7.718|0.092}}{{efn|name=Lellouch-2013}}{{·}}7.85<ref name="Ferret" />
| inclination = 2.62[[degree (angle)|°]]
| asc_node = 259.13°
| mean_anomaly = 330.47° (M)
| arg_peri = 143.92°
| satellites =
| physical_characteristics = yes
| dimensions = 192 km<ref name="johnston">{{cite web
|date=22 August 2008
|title=List of Known Trans-Neptunian Objects
|publisher=Johnston's Archive
|author=Wm. Robert Johnston
|url=http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/astro/tnoslist.html
|accessdate=2008-09-30| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20080928054410/http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/astro/tnoslist.html| archivedate= 28 September 2008<!--Added by DASHBot-->}}</ref>
| mass =
| density =
| surface_grav =
| sidereal_day =
| axial_tilt =
| albedo = 0.09 (assumed)
| spectral_type =
| abs_magnitude = 6.7<ref name="jpldata"/>
}}
}}


'''{{mp|(44594) 1999 OX|3}}''' is a [[trans-Neptunian object]] with a [[Centaur (minor planet)|centaur]]-like orbit.
'''{{mp|(44594) 1999 OX|3}}''' is an eccentric [[trans-Neptunian object]] with a [[Centaur (minor planet)|centaur]]-like orbit from the [[outer Solar System]], approximately 150 kilometers in diameter.<ref name="johnstonarchive" /> It was discovered on 21 July 1999, by astronomers [[John J. Kavelaars|John Kavelaars]], [[Brett J. Gladman|Brett Gladman]], [[Matthew J. Holman|Matthew Holman]] and [[Jean-Marc Petit]] at [[Mauna Kea Observatories]], Hawaii, United States.<ref name="MPC-object" />


== Orbit and classification ==
==Classification==
{{mp|1999 OX|3}} orbits the Sun at a distance of 17.6–46.6&nbsp;[[Astronomical unit|AU]] once every 181 years and 9 months (66,375 days). Its orbit has an [[orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] of 0.45 and an [[orbital inclination|inclination]] of 3[[Degree (angle)|°]] with respect to the [[ecliptic]].<ref name="jpldata" /> The body's [[observation arc]] begins with its official discovery observation at Mauna Kea in 1999.<ref name="MPC-object" />
[[Neptune]] has a [[semi-major axis]] of 30 [[Astronomical unit|AU]] and {{mp|(44594) 1999 OX|3}} has a semi-major axis of 32 AU. The [[Minor Planet Center]] (MPC) does not classify this object as a centaur because the MPC defines centaurs as having a semi-major axis of less than 30.066 AU. {{mp|(44594) 1999 OX|3}} crosses the orbits of both [[Neptune]] and [[Uranus]] and has an inclination of only 2.62°. The [[Deep Ecliptic Survey]] (DES) defines centaurs using a dynamical classification scheme, based on the behavior of orbital integrations over 10 million years. The DES defines centaurs as nonresonant objects whose osculating [[Apsis|perihelia]] are less than the osculating semimajor axis of Neptune at any time during the integration. Using the dynamical definition of a centaur, {{mp|(44594) 1999 OX|3}} is a centaur.<ref name="Buie"/>


[[Neptune]] has a [[semi-major axis]] of 30&nbsp;AU and {{mp|1999 OX|3}} has a semi-major axis of 32 AU. The [[Minor Planet Center]] (MPC) does not classify this object as a centaur because the MPC defines centaurs as having a semi-major axis of less than 30.066 AU. {{mp|1999 OX|3}} crosses the orbits of both Neptune and [[Uranus]] and has an inclination of only 2.62°. The [[Deep Ecliptic Survey]] (DES) defines centaurs using a dynamical classification scheme, based on the behavior of orbital integrations over 10 million years. The DES defines centaurs as nonresonant objects whose osculating [[Apsis|perihelia]] are less than the osculating semimajor axis of Neptune at any time during the integration. Using the dynamical definition of a centaur, {{mp|1999 OX|3}} is a centaur.<ref name="Buie"/>
==References==
{{reflist}}


== Physical characteristics ==
==External links==
*[http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=44594;orb=1;view=Far Orbital simulation] from JPL (Java) / [http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi?find_body=1&body_group=sb&sstr=44594 Ephemeris]


In July 2009, a rotational [[lightcurve]] of {{mp|1999 OX|3}} was obtained from photometric observations. Lightcurve analysis gave a [[rotation period]] of 9.26 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.11 [[Magnitude (astronomy)|magnitude]] ({{small|[[LCDB quality code|U=2]]}}). The period, however, is ambiguous with alternative solutions (13.4 and 15.45 hours).<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Thirouin-2012" />
{{MinorPlanets Navigator|(44593) 1999 OG3|PageName={{mp|(44594)_1999_OX|3}}|(44595) 1999 PE}}


== Numbering and naming ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:1999 OX3}}
[[Category:Centaurs (minor planets)|044594]]
[[Category:Scattered disc and detached objects|044594]]
[[Category:Numbered asteroids|044594]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1999|19990721]]


This [[minor planet]] was [[Minor planet designation|numbered]] by the [[Minor Planet Center]] on 22 August 2002.<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive" /> As of 2018, it has not been [[List of named minor planets (alphabetical)|named]].<ref name="MPC-object" />


== Notes ==
{{centaurTNO-stub}}
{{notelist|refs=

{{efn|name=Lellouch-2013|1=Lellouch (2013) Summary figures for (44594) at [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=44594%7C LCDB] referenced as [http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2013A&A...557...60L 2013A&A...557...60L], not available at ADS}}

}} <!-- end of notelist -->

== References ==
{{reflist|refs=

<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web
|type = 2016-11-26 last obs.
|title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 44594 (1999 OX3)
|url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2044594
|publisher = [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]
|accessdate = 23 October 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web
|title = 44594 (1999 OX3)
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=44594
|accessdate = 23 October 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive">{{cite web
|title = MPC/MPO/MPS Archive
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html
|accessdate = 24 February 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="johnstonarchive">{{cite web
|title = List of Known Trans-Neptunian Objects
|publisher = Johnston's Archive
|author = Wm. Robert Johnston
|date = 15 October 2017
|url = http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/astro/tnoslist.html
|accessdate = 23 October 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="Buie">{{cite web
|author = Marc W. Buie
|title = Orbit Fit and Astrometric record for 44594
|publisher = SwRI (Space Science Department)
|url = http://www.boulder.swri.edu/~buie/kbo/astrom/44594.html
|accessdate = 23 October 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="Ferret">{{cite web
|title = Asteroid (44594) 1999 OX3
|work = Small Bodies Data Ferret
|url = https://sbntools.psi.edu/ferret/SimpleSearch/results.action?targetName=44594
|accessdate = 27 October 2019}}</ref>

<ref name="Thirouin-2012">{{cite journal
|author = Thirouin, A.
|author2 = Ortiz, J. L.
|author3 = Campo Bagatin, A.
|author4 = Pravec, P.
|author5 = Morales, N.
|author6 = Hainaut, O.
|author7 = Duffard, R.
|date = August 2012
|title = Short-term variability of 10 trans-Neptunian objects
|journal = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
|volume = 424
|issue = 4
|pages = 3156–3177
|bibcode = 2012MNRAS.424.3156T
|doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21477.x
|doi-access = free
|arxiv = 1207.2044
|s2cid = 53467482
}}</ref>

<ref name="lcdb">{{cite web
|title = LCDB Data for (44594)
|publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)
|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=44594%7C
|accessdate = 23 October 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="Belskaya-2015">{{Cite journal
|first1 = Irina N. |last1 = Belskaya
|first2 = Maria A. |last2 = Barucci
|first3 = Marcello |last3 = Fulchignoni
|first4 = Anatolij N. |last4 = Dovgopol
|date = April 2015
|title = Updated taxonomy of trans-neptunian objects and centaurs: Influence of albedo
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..250..482B
|journal = Icarus
|volume = 250
|pages = 482–491
|bibcode = 2015Icar..250..482B
|doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.12.004
|access-date= 14 December 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="Peixinho-2012">{{cite journal
|first1 = N. |last1 = Peixinho
|first2 = A. |last2 = Delsanti
|first3 = A. |last3 = Guilbert-Lepoutre
|first4 = R. |last4 = Gafeira
|first5 = P. |last5 = Lacerda
|date = October 2012
|title = The bimodal colors of Centaurs and small Kuiper belt objects
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2012A&A...546A..86P
|journal = Astronomy and Astrophysics
|volume = 546
|page = 12
|bibcode = 2012A&A...546A..86P
|doi = 10.1051/0004-6361/201219057
|arxiv = 1206.3153
|s2cid = 55876118
|access-date= 23 October 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="Boehnhardt-2014">{{Cite journal
|first1 = H. |last1 = Boehnhardt
|first2 = D. |last2 = Schulz
|first3 = S. |last3 = Protopapa
|last4 = Gö
|first5 = C. |last5 = tz
|date = November 2014
|title = Photometry of Transneptunian Objects for the Herschel Key Program 'TNOs are Cool'
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2014EM&P..114...35B
|journal = Earth
|volume = 114
|issue = 1–2
|pages = 35–57
|bibcode = 2014EM&P..114...35B
|doi = 10.1007/s11038-014-9450-x
|s2cid = 122628169
|access-date= 23 October 2017}}</ref>

}} <!-- end of reflist -->

== External links ==
* [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }})
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
* [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
* [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs040001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (40001)-(45000)] – Minor Planet Center
* {{AstDys|44594}}
* {{JPL small body}}

{{Minor planets navigator| |number=44594 |PageName={{mp|(44594) 1999 OX|3}} | }}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1999 OX3}}
[[Category:Trans-Neptunian objects|044594]]
[[Category:Centaurs (small Solar System bodies)|044594]]
[[Category:Discoveries by John J. Kavelaars]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Brett J. Gladman]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Matthew J. Holman]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Jean-Marc Petit]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1999|19990721]]

Latest revision as of 00:53, 2 September 2024

(44594) 1999 OX3
Orbit diagram (top view, 1999 OX3 in blue)
Discovery[1]
Discovered byJ. J. Kavelaars
B. Gladman
M. Holman
J.-M. Petit
Discovery siteMauna Kea Obs.
Discovery date21 July 1999
Designations
(44594) 1999 OX3
1999 OX3
TNO[1][2] · centaur[3][4]
distant[5]
Orbital characteristics[1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 2
Observation arc17.35 yr (6,338 days)
Aphelion46.576 AU
Perihelion17.589 AU
32.083 AU
Eccentricity0.4518
181.72 yr (66,375 days)
347.21°
0° 0m 19.44s / day
Inclination2.6248°
259.10°
144.53°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions151 km[3][6]
159.78 km (calculated)[2]
9.26 h[2][7]
0.10 (assumed)[2]
RR[3][8] · C[2]
6.07±0.19 (R)[9] · 6.835±0.078 (R)[10] · 7.1[1][2] · 7.4[7] · 7.718±0.092[a] · 7.85[6]

(44594) 1999 OX3 is an eccentric trans-Neptunian object with a centaur-like orbit from the outer Solar System, approximately 150 kilometers in diameter.[3] It was discovered on 21 July 1999, by astronomers John Kavelaars, Brett Gladman, Matthew Holman and Jean-Marc Petit at Mauna Kea Observatories, Hawaii, United States.[5]

Orbit and classification

[edit]

1999 OX3 orbits the Sun at a distance of 17.6–46.6 AU once every 181 years and 9 months (66,375 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.45 and an inclination of 3° with respect to the ecliptic.[1] The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Mauna Kea in 1999.[5]

Neptune has a semi-major axis of 30 AU and 1999 OX3 has a semi-major axis of 32 AU. The Minor Planet Center (MPC) does not classify this object as a centaur because the MPC defines centaurs as having a semi-major axis of less than 30.066 AU. 1999 OX3 crosses the orbits of both Neptune and Uranus and has an inclination of only 2.62°. The Deep Ecliptic Survey (DES) defines centaurs using a dynamical classification scheme, based on the behavior of orbital integrations over 10 million years. The DES defines centaurs as nonresonant objects whose osculating perihelia are less than the osculating semimajor axis of Neptune at any time during the integration. Using the dynamical definition of a centaur, 1999 OX3 is a centaur.[4]

Physical characteristics

[edit]

In July 2009, a rotational lightcurve of 1999 OX3 was obtained from photometric observations. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 9.26 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.11 magnitude (U=2). The period, however, is ambiguous with alternative solutions (13.4 and 15.45 hours).[2][7]

Numbering and naming

[edit]

This minor planet was numbered by the Minor Planet Center on 22 August 2002.[11] As of 2018, it has not been named.[5]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Lellouch (2013) Summary figures for (44594) at LCDB referenced as 2013A&A...557...60L, not available at ADS

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 44594 (1999 OX3)" (2016-11-26 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g "LCDB Data for (44594)". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 23 October 2017.
  3. ^ a b c d Wm. Robert Johnston (15 October 2017). "List of Known Trans-Neptunian Objects". Johnston's Archive. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
  4. ^ a b Marc W. Buie. "Orbit Fit and Astrometric record for 44594". SwRI (Space Science Department). Retrieved 23 October 2017.
  5. ^ a b c d "44594 (1999 OX3)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
  6. ^ a b "Asteroid (44594) 1999 OX3". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 27 October 2019.
  7. ^ a b c Thirouin, A.; Ortiz, J. L.; Campo Bagatin, A.; Pravec, P.; Morales, N.; Hainaut, O.; Duffard, R. (August 2012). "Short-term variability of 10 trans-Neptunian objects". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 424 (4): 3156–3177. arXiv:1207.2044. Bibcode:2012MNRAS.424.3156T. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21477.x. S2CID 53467482.
  8. ^ Belskaya, Irina N.; Barucci, Maria A.; Fulchignoni, Marcello; Dovgopol, Anatolij N. (April 2015). "Updated taxonomy of trans-neptunian objects and centaurs: Influence of albedo". Icarus. 250: 482–491. Bibcode:2015Icar..250..482B. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2014.12.004. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
  9. ^ Boehnhardt, H.; Schulz, D.; Protopapa, S.; Gö; tz, C. (November 2014). "Photometry of Transneptunian Objects for the Herschel Key Program 'TNOs are Cool'". Earth. 114 (1–2): 35–57. Bibcode:2014EM&P..114...35B. doi:10.1007/s11038-014-9450-x. S2CID 122628169. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
  10. ^ Peixinho, N.; Delsanti, A.; Guilbert-Lepoutre, A.; Gafeira, R.; Lacerda, P. (October 2012). "The bimodal colors of Centaurs and small Kuiper belt objects". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 546: 12. arXiv:1206.3153. Bibcode:2012A&A...546A..86P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219057. S2CID 55876118. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
  11. ^ "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
[edit]
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