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{{Short description|Portuguese-American Catholic bishop in Hawaii}}
[[Image:Bishop Stephen Alencastre.jpg|170px|thumb|right|Bishop Alencastre, c. 1910.]]
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = Bishop
| honorific-prefix = The Most Reverend
| name = Stephen Peter Alencastre
| honorific-suffix = SSCC
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| title = [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu|Vicar Apostolic of Hawaiian Islands]]
| image = Bishop Stephen Alencastre.jpg
| image_size = 230px
| alt =
| caption = Bishop Alencastre, c. 1910.
| church = [[Roman Catholic]]
| archdiocese =
| province =
| metropolis =
| diocese =
| see = Titular Bishop of Arabissus
| elected =
| appointed =
| term = 1926-1940
| term_start = 13 May 1926
| quashed =
| term_end = 9 November 1940
| predecessor = [[Libert H. Boeynaems]]
| opposed =
| successor = [[James Joseph Sweeney]]
| other_post = <!---------- Orders
The Orders section may be omitted in favour of Template:Ordination for those
clergy claiming Apostolic succession, such as Catholics, Orthodox and Anglicans. ---------->
| ordination = 5 April 1902
| ordained_by =
| consecration = 24 August 1924
| consecrated_by = [[John Joseph Cantwell]]
| cardinal =
| created_cardinal_by =
| rank = Bishop
<!---------- Personal details ---------->| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1876|11|03}}
| birth_place = [[Porto Santo Island|Porto Santo]], [[Madeira Islands]], [[Portugal]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1940|11|09|1876|11|03}}
| death_place = En route to [[Los Angeles]], [[California]]
| buried =
| nationality = [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]]
| religion =
| residence =
| parents =
| spouse = <!-- or | partner = -->
| children =
| occupation =
| profession =
| previous_post =
| education =
| alma_mater =
| motto =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| coat_of_arms = Coat of arms of Stephen Peter Alencastre.svg
| coat_of_arms_alt = <!---------- Sainthood ---------->
| feast_day =
| venerated =
| saint_title =
| beatified_date =
| beatified_place =
| beatified_by =
| canonized_date =
| canonized_place =
| canonized_by =
| attributes =
| patronage =
| shrine =
| suppressed_date = <!---------- Other ---------->
| other =
}}


Bishop '''Stephen Peter Alencastre, [[Picpus Fathers|SS.CC.]]''' (born '''Estêvão Pedro de Alencastre'''; November 3, 1876 – November 9, 1940), was a [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] bishop who served as the fifth and last [[Vicar Apostolic]] of the [[apostolic vicariate|Vicariate Apostolic of the Hawaiian Islands]] (now the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu]]).
Bishop '''Stephen Peter Alencastre, [[Picpus Fathers|SSCC]]''' (born '''Estêvão Pedro de Alencastre'''; November 3, 1876 – November 9, 1940) was a bishop of the [[Roman Catholic Church]] who served as the fifth and last [[Vicar Apostolic]] of the [[apostolic vicariate|Vicariate Apostolic of the Hawaiian Islands]] (now the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu|Diocese of Honolulu]]). He was also an apparent [[titular see|titular]] bishop of [[Arabissus]].


==Childhood==
==Early life==
Born on the island of [[Porto Santo Island|Porto Santo]] in the [[Madeira Islands]] of [[Portugal]]<ref name=Distinguished>{{cite web| title = Distinguished Americans & Canadians of Portuguese Descent| url= http://www.portuguesefoundation.org/famous.htm|accessdate = 2008-01-09}}</ref> and brought to [[Hawai‘i]] as an infant, Alencastre later returned to Europe to finish his seminary studies in [[Belgium]]. He was ordained to the priesthood on April 5, 1902, at the age of 25, as a member of the [[Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary]] and returned to serve the people of Hawai‘i.
Born on the island of [[Porto Santo Island|Porto Santo]] in the [[Madeira Islands]] of [[Portugal]]<ref name=Distinguished>{{cite web|title=Distinguished Americans & Canadians of Portuguese Descent |url=http://www.portuguesefoundation.org/famous.htm |access-date=2008-01-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061108220151/http://www.portuguesefoundation.org/famous.htm |archive-date=November 8, 2006 }}</ref> and brought to [[Hawai‘i]] as an infant, Alencastre later returned to Europe to finish his seminary studies in [[Belgium]]. He was ordained to the priesthood on April 5, 1902, at the age of 25, as a member of the [[Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary]] and returned to serve the people of Hawai‘i.


==Episcopacy==
==Episcopacy==
[[Image:Alencastre Window.jpg|180px|thumb|right|Pope Pius XI invokes the blessing of [[Saint Joseph]], on Alencastre, in a window in the [[Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace (Honolulu)|Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace]], Honolulu.]]
[[Image:Alencastre Window.jpg|180px|thumb|right|Pope Pius XI invokes the blessing of [[Saint Joseph]], on Alencastre, in a window in the [[Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace (Honolulu)|Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace]], Honolulu.]]
When the Vicar Apostolic, [[Libert H. Boeynaems]], SS.CC., fell ill, Alencastre was appointed by [[Pope Pius XI]] as [[coadjutor bishop|coadjutor]] Vicar Apostolic, with the right of succession, on April 29, 1924. On August 24 of that year, he was consecrated [[Titular Bishop]] of [[Arabissus (titular see)|Arabissus]] at the age of 47.
When the Vicar Apostolic, [[Libert H. Boeynaems]], SSCC, fell ill, Alencastre was appointed by [[Pope Pius XI]] as [[coadjutor bishop|coadjutor]] Vicar Apostolic, with the right of succession, on April 29, 1924.<ref name=CH>[https://www.catholichawaii.org/about-us/our-bishop/ Catholic Hawai'i website, ''Most Reverend Larry Silva, Bishop of Honolulu'', article published in the Hawaii Catholic Herald, Volume 68, No. 16, July 15, 2005]</ref> On August 24 of that year, he was consecrated [[Titular Bishop]] of [[Arabissus (titular see)|Arabissus]] at the age of 47.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=HxjQAgAAQBAJ&dq=herman+Koeckemann+bishop+of+the+titular+see+of+Olba&pg=PT77 Google Books website, ''Hawaii's Religions'', by John F Mulholland]</ref>


Upon the death of Boeynaems on May 13, 1926, Alencastre automatically succeeded him as Vicar Apostolic of the Hawaiian Islands. He was the first bishop in Hawai‘i to have been raised in the [[Hawaiian Islands]].
Upon the death of Boeynaems on May 13, 1926, Alencastre automatically succeeded him as Vicar Apostolic of the Hawaiian Islands. He was the first bishop in Hawai‘i to have been raised in the [[Hawaiian Islands]].


Alencastre's personal mission included continuing to expand the number of schools and parish churches in the Islands (and to renovate the existing ones) and to build a seminary to form vowed religious locally to the priesthood. This came to fruition with the building of St. Stephen's Seminary, named in honor of the Bishop's own [[patron saint]], which is still operational. The bishop was also partly responsible for the increase in the variety of religious orders in Hawai‘i, inviting such groups as the [[Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet]] to help spread of Catholicism in the Hawaiian Islands.
Alencastre's personal mission included continuing to expand the number of schools and parish churches in the Islands (and to renovate the existing ones) and to build a seminary to form vowed religious locally to the priesthood. This came to fruition with the building of St. Stephen's Seminary,<ref name=CH /> named in honor of the Bishop's own [[patron saint]], which is still operational. The bishop was also partly responsible for the increase in the variety of religious orders in Hawai‘i, inviting such groups as the [[Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet]] and the [[Maryknoll]]s<ref>[https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/hawaii-catholic-church Encyclopedia.com website, ''Hawaii, The Catholic Church In'']</ref> to help spread of Catholicism in the Hawaiian Islands.


[[Image:Alencastre Episcopal Crest.jpg|150px|thumb|right|Alencastre's episcopal arms.]]
[[Image:Alencastre Episcopal Crest.jpg|150px|thumb|right|Alencastre's episcopal arms.]]

===Episcopal arms===
===Episcopal arms===
A window in the [[Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace]] in Honolulu depicts his episcopal coat-of-arms, as well as a portrayal of a blessing being bestowed upon him by Pope Pius XI. His episcopal motto was "''Opportet illum regnare''" ("He [Christ] must reign"), derived from a phrase in [[First Epistle to the Corinthians|1 Corinthians]] 15: 24-26.
A window in the [[Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace]] in Honolulu depicts his episcopal coat-of-arms, as well as a portrayal of a blessing being bestowed upon him by Pope Pius XI. His episcopal motto was "''Opportet illum regnare''" ("He [Christ] must reign"), derived from a phrase in [[First Epistle to the Corinthians|1 Corinthians]] 15: 24–26.


Bishop Alencastre was the first to include in his episcopal arms the ''pūlo‘ulo‘u'' (''[[kapu]]'' sticks)&mdash;traditional weapons of the Hawaiian people, and the colours of the [[Flag of Hawaii|Hawaiian flag]]. In keeping with the traditions of [[ecclesiastical heraldry]], he utilized the green ''[[galero]]'', a hat reserved for [[bishops]] and [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinals]], at the top of his arms.
Bishop Alencastre was the first to include in his episcopal arms the ''[[Pūloʻuloʻu]]'' (''[[Kapu (Hawaiian culture)|kapu]]'' sticks)&mdash;traditional symbols of the Hawaiian people, and the colours of the [[Flag of Hawaii|Hawaiian flag]]. In keeping with the traditions of [[ecclesiastical heraldry]], he utilized the green ''[[galero]]'', a hat reserved for [[bishops]] and [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinals]], at the top of his arms.


==Death and legacy==
==Death and legacy==
[[File:Alencastre Honolulu Catholic Cemetery Gravemarker.jpg|thumb|right|Headstone at the grave of Alencastre. The grave of Ropert is directly behind.]]
[[File:Alencastre Honolulu Catholic Cemetery Gravemarker.jpg|thumb|right|Headstone at the grave of Alencastre. The grave of Ropert is directly behind.]]
Alencastre died in 1940 on a boat ''en route'' to Hawai‘i from [[Los Angeles]], [[California]]&mdash;six days after his 64th birthday. He was subsequently interred at the [[Honolulu Catholic Cemetery]] in [[downtown Honolulu]].
Alencastre died in 1940 on a boat ''en route'' to Hawai‘i from [[Los Angeles]], [[California]]<ref name=CH />&mdash;six days after his 64th birthday. He was subsequently interred at the [[Honolulu Catholic Cemetery]] in [[downtown Honolulu]].


Following his death, he was posthumously awarded the honor of "Officer of the [[Order of the Crown (Belgium)|Order of the Crown]]" by King [[Leopold III of Belgium]], while a street in Honolulu bears his surname.
Following his death, he was posthumously awarded the honor of "Officer of the [[Order of the Crown (Belgium)|Order of the Crown]]" by King [[Leopold III of Belgium]], while a street in Honolulu bears his surname.
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<references/>
<references/>



{{start box}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-rel|ca}}
{{s-rel|ca}}
{{succession box | before=[[Libert H. Boeynaems]] | title=[[Vicar Apostolic of the Hawaiian Islands]] | years=1926&ndash;1940 | after=[[Roman Catholic Bishop of Honolulu]]}}
{{succession box | before=[[Libert H. Boeynaems]] | title=[[Vicar Apostolic of the Hawaiian Islands]] | years=1926&ndash;1940 | after=[[Roman Catholic Bishop of Honolulu]]}}
{{end box}}
{{s-end}}
{{Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu|state=collapsed}}
{{Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu|state=collapsed}}

{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
{{Authority control}}
| NAME = Alencastre, Stephen Peter
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Alencastre, Estêvão Pedro de
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Portuguese-American Catholic bishop in Hawaii
| DATE OF BIRTH = November 3, 1876
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Porto Santo]], [[Madeira]], [[Kingdom of Portugal]]
| DATE OF DEATH = November 9, 1940
| PLACE OF DEATH = At sea
}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Alencastre, Stephen}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Alencastre, Stephen}}
[[Category:1876 births]]
[[Category:1876 births]]
[[Category:1940 deaths]]
[[Category:1940 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Roman Catholic bishops]]
[[Category:20th-century Roman Catholic bishops in the United States]]
[[Category:Burials in Hawaii]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic missionaries in Hawaii]]
[[Category:Catholic missionaries in Hawaii]]
[[Category:Immigrants to the Hawaiian Kingdom]]
[[Category:Portuguese emigrants]]
[[Category:20th-century Roman Catholic titular bishops]]
[[Category:Apostolic vicars of the Hawaiian Islands]]
[[Category:Burials at Honolulu Catholic Cemetery]]
[[Category:People from Porto Santo]]
[[Category:People from Porto Santo]]
[[Category:People who died at sea]]
[[Category:People who died at sea]]
[[Category:Picpus Fathers]]
[[Category:Picpus Fathers]]
[[Category:Portuguese Americans]]
[[Category:American people of Portuguese descent]]
[[Category:Portuguese emigrants to the Kingdom of Hawaii]]
[[Category:Portuguese emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:Portuguese immigration to Hawaii]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic titular bishops]]
[[Category:Vicars Apostolic of the Hawaiian Islands]]

Latest revision as of 07:08, 27 August 2024

The Most Reverend

Stephen Peter Alencastre

SSCC
Vicar Apostolic of Hawaiian Islands
Bishop Alencastre, c. 1910.
ChurchRoman Catholic
SeeTitular Bishop of Arabissus
In office1926-1940
PredecessorLibert H. Boeynaems
SuccessorJames Joseph Sweeney
Orders
Ordination5 April 1902
Consecration24 August 1924
by John Joseph Cantwell
RankBishop
Personal details
Born(1876-11-03)November 3, 1876
Porto Santo, Madeira Islands, Portugal
DiedNovember 9, 1940(1940-11-09) (aged 64)
En route to Los Angeles, California
NationalityPortuguese
Coat of armsStephen Peter Alencastre's coat of arms

Bishop Stephen Peter Alencastre, SSCC (born Estêvão Pedro de Alencastre; November 3, 1876 – November 9, 1940) was a bishop of the Roman Catholic Church who served as the fifth and last Vicar Apostolic of the Vicariate Apostolic of the Hawaiian Islands (now the Diocese of Honolulu). He was also an apparent titular bishop of Arabissus.

Early life

[edit]

Born on the island of Porto Santo in the Madeira Islands of Portugal[1] and brought to Hawai‘i as an infant, Alencastre later returned to Europe to finish his seminary studies in Belgium. He was ordained to the priesthood on April 5, 1902, at the age of 25, as a member of the Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary and returned to serve the people of Hawai‘i.

Episcopacy

[edit]
Pope Pius XI invokes the blessing of Saint Joseph, on Alencastre, in a window in the Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace, Honolulu.

When the Vicar Apostolic, Libert H. Boeynaems, SSCC, fell ill, Alencastre was appointed by Pope Pius XI as coadjutor Vicar Apostolic, with the right of succession, on April 29, 1924.[2] On August 24 of that year, he was consecrated Titular Bishop of Arabissus at the age of 47.[3]

Upon the death of Boeynaems on May 13, 1926, Alencastre automatically succeeded him as Vicar Apostolic of the Hawaiian Islands. He was the first bishop in Hawai‘i to have been raised in the Hawaiian Islands.

Alencastre's personal mission included continuing to expand the number of schools and parish churches in the Islands (and to renovate the existing ones) and to build a seminary to form vowed religious locally to the priesthood. This came to fruition with the building of St. Stephen's Seminary,[2] named in honor of the Bishop's own patron saint, which is still operational. The bishop was also partly responsible for the increase in the variety of religious orders in Hawai‘i, inviting such groups as the Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet and the Maryknolls[4] to help spread of Catholicism in the Hawaiian Islands.

Alencastre's episcopal arms.

Episcopal arms

[edit]

A window in the Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace in Honolulu depicts his episcopal coat-of-arms, as well as a portrayal of a blessing being bestowed upon him by Pope Pius XI. His episcopal motto was "Opportet illum regnare" ("He [Christ] must reign"), derived from a phrase in 1 Corinthians 15: 24–26.

Bishop Alencastre was the first to include in his episcopal arms the Pūloʻuloʻu (kapu sticks)—traditional symbols of the Hawaiian people, and the colours of the Hawaiian flag. In keeping with the traditions of ecclesiastical heraldry, he utilized the green galero, a hat reserved for bishops and cardinals, at the top of his arms.

Death and legacy

[edit]
Headstone at the grave of Alencastre. The grave of Ropert is directly behind.

Alencastre died in 1940 on a boat en route to Hawai‘i from Los Angeles, California[2]—six days after his 64th birthday. He was subsequently interred at the Honolulu Catholic Cemetery in downtown Honolulu.

Following his death, he was posthumously awarded the honor of "Officer of the Order of the Crown" by King Leopold III of Belgium, while a street in Honolulu bears his surname.

After continuing and completing much of the work begun by Alencastre and his Sacred Hearts predecessors, the mission area of the Hawaiian Islands was elevated to the status of the Diocese of Honolulu by Pope Pius XII a few months following his death. The history of the Catholic Sacred Hearts mission in the Hawaiian Islands was documented by one of the congregation's priests and later compiled and published in a book called Pioneers of the Faith.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Distinguished Americans & Canadians of Portuguese Descent". Archived from the original on November 8, 2006. Retrieved 2008-01-09.
  2. ^ a b c Catholic Hawai'i website, Most Reverend Larry Silva, Bishop of Honolulu, article published in the Hawaii Catholic Herald, Volume 68, No. 16, July 15, 2005
  3. ^ Google Books website, Hawaii's Religions, by John F Mulholland
  4. ^ Encyclopedia.com website, Hawaii, The Catholic Church In


Catholic Church titles
Preceded by Vicar Apostolic of the Hawaiian Islands
1926–1940 		Succeeded by
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