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{{Short description|Binary star system in the constellation Aquila}}
{{Starbox begin
{{Starbox begin}}
⚫
| name = Phi Aquilae
⚫
}}
{{Starbox image
{{Starbox image
| image =
| image =
{{Location mark
<div style="position: relative">[[File:Aquila IAU.svg|250px|alt=Diagram showing star positions and boundaries of the Aquila constellation and its surroundings]]
| image=Aquila IAU.svg
<div style="position: absolute; left: 40.2%; top: 25.8%;">[[File:Cercle rouge 100%.svg|12px]]</div>
| float=center | width=240 | position=right
</div>
| mark=Red circle.svg | mark_width=10 | mark_link=φ Aql
| x%=43.0 | y%=27.8
}}
| caption = Location of φ Aquilae (circled)
| caption = Location of φ Aquilae (circled)
}}
}}
{{Starbox observe
{{Starbox observe
| epoch = J2000
| epoch = J2000
| ra = {{RA|19|56|14.25182}}<ref name=aaa474_2_653/>
| ra = {{RA|19|56|14.25183}}<ref name=GaiaDR2/>
| dec = {{DEC|+11|25|25.3942}}<ref name=aaa474_2_653/>
| dec = {{DEC|+11|25|25.3931}}<ref name=GaiaDR2/>
| appmag_v = +5.28<ref name=aaass52_131/>
| appmag_v = +5.28<ref name=aaass52_131/>
| constell = [[Aquila (constellation)|Aquila]]
| constell = [[Aquila (constellation)|Aquila]]
Line 26: Line 28:
{{Starbox astrometry
{{Starbox astrometry
| radial_v = –27.2<ref name=gcrv1953/>
| radial_v = –27.2<ref name=gcrv1953/>
| prop_mo_ra = +32.29<ref name=aaa474_2_653/>
| prop_mo_ra = +32.826<ref name=GaiaDR2/>
| prop_mo_dec = +4.44<ref name=aaa474_2_653/>
| prop_mo_dec = +6.162<ref name=GaiaDR2/>
| parallax = 14.86
| parallax = 14.1980
| p_error = 0.25
| p_error = 0.1579
| parallax_error = <ref name=aaa474_2_653/>
| parallax_error = <ref name=GaiaDR2/>
| absmag_v =
| absmag_v = +1.14<ref name=Anderson2012/>
}}
}}
{{Starbox orbit
{{Starbox orbit
Line 48: Line 50:
}}
}}
{{Starbox detail
{{Starbox detail
| mass =
| component1 = A
| mass = 2.39<ref name=De_Rosa_et_al_2014/>
| radius = 1.8–2.5<ref name=aaa367_521/>
| radius = 1.8–2.5<ref name=aaa367_521/>
| luminosity =
| luminosity = 34<ref name=Anderson2012/>
| temperature = 9,509<ref name=aaa515_A11/>
| temperature = 9,509<ref name=aaa515_A11/>
| metal_fe = +0.47<ref name=aaa515_A11/>
| metal_fe = +0.47<ref name=aaa515_A11/>
| gravity = 4.30<ref name=aaa515_A11/>
| gravity = 4.30<ref name=aaa515_A11/>
| rotational_velocity = 27<ref name=aaa463_2_671/>
| rotational_velocity = 27<ref name=aaa463_2_671/>
| age_myr =
| age_myr = 280<ref name=De_Rosa_et_al_2014/>
| component2 = B
| mass2 = 0.40<ref name=De_Rosa_et_al_2014/>
}}
}}
{{Starbox catalog
{{Starbox catalog
| names = phi Aql, 61 Aquilae, [[Durchmusterung|BD]]+11 4055, [[FK5]] 3590, [[Henry Draper Catalogue|HD]] 188728, [[Hipparcos Catalogue|HIP]] 98103, [[Bright Star Catalogue|HR]] 7610, [[Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Star Catalog|SAO]] 105438.<ref name=SIMBAD/>
| names = {{odlist | B=φ Aql | F=61&nbsp;Aql | BD=+11°&nbsp;4055 | FK5=3590 | HD=188728 | HIP=98103 | HR=7610 | SAO=105438 }}<ref name=SIMBAD/>
⚫
}}
{{Starbox reference
|Simbad=phi+Aql
}}
}}
{{Starbox end}}
{{Starbox end}}
⚫
'''Phi Aquilae''' (φ Aql, φ Aquilae) is the [[Bayer designation]] of a [[binary star]]<ref name=mnras389_2_869/> system in the [[celestial equator|equatorial]] [[constellation]] of [[Aquila (constellation)|Aquila]]. It has an [[apparent visual magnitude]] of +5.28<ref name=aaass52_131/> and is visible to the naked eye. With an annual [[parallax]] shift of 14.86&nbsp;[[milliarcsecond|mas]],<ref name=aaa474_2_653/> this star is located at a distance of approximately {{Convert|219|ly|pc|abbr=off|lk=on}} from Earth.


⚫
'''Phi Aquilae''', [[Latinisation of names|Latinized]] from φ Aquilae, is the [[Bayer designation]] of a [[binary star]]<ref name=mnras389_2_869/> system in the [[celestial equator|equatorial]] [[constellation]] of [[Aquila (constellation)|Aquila]]. It has an [[apparent visual magnitude]] of +5.28<ref name=aaass52_131/> and is visible to the naked eye. With an annual [[parallax]] shift of {{val|14.198|ul=mas}},<ref name=GaiaDR2/> this star is located at a distance of approximately {{Convert|230|ly|pc|abbr=off|lk=on}} from Earth. It is drifting closer with a [[radial velocity]] of –27&nbsp;km/s.<ref name=gcrv1953/> Based on its motion through space, this system is considered a possible member of the nearby [[Argus Association|Argus association]] of co-moving stars, although it may be too old.<ref name=Zuckerman2019/>
'''Phi Aquilae''' is a single-lined [[spectroscopic binary]] with an [[orbital period]] of 3.32068&nbsp;days.<ref name=aj76_544/> The primary component is a [[subgiant star]] with a [[stellar classification]] of A1&nbsp;IV.<ref name=aj74_375/> The [[stellar atmosphere|outer atmosphere]] has an [[effective temperature]] of 9,509,<ref name=aaa515_A11/> giving it a white-hued appearance of an [[A-type star]].<ref name=csiro/> The orbiting companion may be the source of the [[X-ray astronomy|X-ray emission]] from this system, as stars similar to the primary component do not generally produce detectable levels of X-rays.<ref name=mnras415_1_854/>

Phi Aquilae is a single-lined [[spectroscopic binary]] with an [[orbital period]] of 3.32068&nbsp;days.<ref name=aj76_544/> The pair have a [[projected separation]] of {{val|190.4|ul=AU}} as of 2008.<ref name=De_Rosa_et_al_2014/> The primary component is a [[subgiant star]] with a [[stellar classification]] of A1&nbsp;IV.<ref name=aj74_375/> The star is around 280<ref name=De_Rosa_et_al_2014/>&nbsp;million years old and is spinning with a [[projected rotational velocity]] of 27.<ref name=aaa463_2_671/> It has 2.39<ref name=De_Rosa_et_al_2014/> times the mass of the Sun and somewhere in the range of 1.8–2.5<ref name=aaa367_521/> times the [[Sun's radius]]. The [[stellar atmosphere|outer atmosphere]] has an [[effective temperature]] of 9,509&nbsp;K,<ref name=aaa515_A11/> giving it the white-hued appearance of an [[A-type star]].<ref name=csiro/> It is radiating 34<ref name=Anderson2012/> times the luminosity of the Sun.

The orbiting companion may be the source of the [[X-ray astronomy|X-ray emission]] from this system, as stars similar to the primary component do not generally produce detectable levels of X-rays.<ref name=mnras415_1_854/> It has 40% of the mass of the Sun.<ref name=De_Rosa_et_al_2014/>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|refs=
{{reflist|refs=


<ref name=GaiaDR2>{{Cite Gaia DR2|4303843863840722944}}</ref>
⚫
<ref name=aaa474_2_653>{{citation | first=F. | last=van Leeuwen | year=2007 | month=November | title=Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=474 | issue=2 | pages=653–664 | bibcode=2007A&A...474..653V | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20078357 | postscript=. }}</ref>


<ref name=Anderson2012>{{citation
<ref name=mnras389_2_869>{{citation | last1=Eggleton | first1=P. P. | last2=Tokovinin | first2=A. A. | title=A catalogue of multiplicity among bright stellar systems | journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volume=389 | issue=2 | pages=869–879 | month=September | year=2008 | doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13596.x | bibcode=2008MNRAS.389..869E | postscript=. }}</ref>
| title=XHIP: An extended hipparcos compilation
| last1=Anderson | first1=E. | last2=Francis | first2=Ch.
| journal=Astronomy Letters
| volume=38 | issue=5 | pages=331 | year=2012
| bibcode=2012AstL...38..331A | doi=10.1134/S1063773712050015
| arxiv=1108.4971 | s2cid=119257644 | postscript=. }}</ref>


<ref name=aaa515_A11>{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Soubiran | first1=C. | last1=Le Campion | first1=J.-F. | last1=Cayrel de Strobel | first1=G. | last1=Caillo | first1=A. | title=The PASTEL catalogue of stellar parameters | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=515 | page=A111 | month=June | year=2010 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201014247 | bibcode=2010A&A...515A.111S | postscript=. }}</ref>
<ref name=mnras389_2_869>{{citation | last1=Eggleton | first1=P. P. | last2=Tokovinin | first2=A. A. | title=A catalogue of multiplicity among bright stellar systems | journal=[[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]] | volume=389 | issue=2 | pages=869–879 |date=September 2008 | doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13596.x | doi-access=free | bibcode=2008MNRAS.389..869E | postscript=. |arxiv = 0806.2878 | s2cid=14878976 }}</ref>


<ref name=aj74_375>{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Cowley | first1=A. | last2=Cowley | first2=C. | last3=Jaschek | first3=M. | last4=Jaschek | first4=C. | title=A study of the bright A stars. I. A catalogue of spectral classifications | journal=Astronomical Journal | volume=74 | pages=375–406 | month=April | year=1969 | doi=10.1086/110819 | bibcode=1969AJ.....74..375C | postscript=. }}</ref>
<ref name=aaa515_A11>{{citation | last1=Soubiran | first1=C. | last2=Le Campion | first2=J.-F. | last3=Cayrel de Strobel | first3=G. | last4=Caillo | first4=A. | title=The PASTEL catalogue of stellar parameters | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=515 | page=A111 |date=June 2010 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201014247 | bibcode=2010A&A...515A.111S | postscript=. |arxiv = 1004.1069 | s2cid=118362423 }}</ref>


<ref name=gcrv1953>{{citation | last=Wilson | first=Ralph Elmer | year=1953 | title=General catalogue of stellar radial velocities | publisher=Carnegie Institution of Washington | bibcode=1953QB901.W495..... | postscript=. }}</ref>
<ref name=aj74_375>{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Cowley | first1=A. | last2=Cowley | first2=C. | last3=Jaschek | first3=M. | last4=Jaschek | first4=C. | title=A study of the bright A stars. I. A catalogue of spectral classifications | journal=Astronomical Journal | volume=74 | pages=375–406 |date=April 1969 | doi=10.1086/110819 | bibcode=1969AJ.....74..375C | postscript=. }}</ref>


<ref name=aaa463_2_671>{{citation | last1=Royer | first1=F. | last2=Zorec | first2=J. | last3=Gómez | first3=A. E. | title=Rotational velocities of A-type stars. III. Velocity distributions | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=463 | issue=2 | pages=671–682 | month=February | year=2007 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20065224 | bibcode=2007A&A...463..671R | arxiv=astro-ph/0610785 | postscript=. }}</ref>
<ref name=gcrv1953>{{citation | last=Wilson | first=Ralph Elmer | year=1953 | title=General catalogue of stellar radial velocities | journal=Carnegie Institute Washington D.C. Publication | publisher=Carnegie Institution of Washington | bibcode=1953GCRV..C......0W | postscript=. }}</ref>


⚫
<ref name=aaa463_2_671>{{citation | last1=Royer | first1=F. | last2=Zorec | first2=J. | last3=Gómez | first3=A. E. | title=Rotational velocities of A-type stars. III. Velocity distributions | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=463 | issue=2 | pages=671–682 |date=February 2007 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20065224 | bibcode=2007A&A...463..671R | arxiv=astro-ph/0610785 | s2cid=18475298 | postscript=. }}</ref>
⚫
<ref name=SIMBAD>{{citation | title=phi Aql -- Star | work=SIMBAD | publisher=Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg | url=http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=Phi+Aquilae | accessdate=2012-07-21 | postscript=. }}</ref>

⚫
<ref name=SIMBAD>{{citation | title=phi Aql -- Star | work=SIMBAD | publisher=Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg | url=http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=Phi+Aquilae | access-date=2012-07-21 | postscript=. }}</ref>
<ref name=aaass52_131>{{citation | last1=Oja | first1=T. | title=UBV photometry of FK4 and FK4 supplement stars | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series | volume=52 | pages=131–134 | month=April | year=1983 | bibcode=1983A&AS...52..131O | postscript=. }}</ref>
<ref name=aaass52_131>{{citation | last1=Oja | first1=T. | title=UBV photometry of FK4 and FK4 supplement stars | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series | volume=52 | pages=131–134 |date=April 1983 | bibcode=1983A&AS...52..131O | postscript=. }}</ref>


<ref name=mnras415_1_854>{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=De Rosa | first1=R. J. | last2=Bulger | first2=J. | last3=Patience | first3=J. | last4=Leland | first4=B. | last5=Macintosh | first5=B. | last6=Schneider | first6=A. | last7=Song | first7=I. | last8=Marois | first8=C. | last9=Graham | first9=J. R. | last10=Bessell | first10=M. | last11=Doyon | first11=R. | title=The Volume-limited A-Star (VAST) survey - I. Companions and the unexpected X-ray detection of B6-A7 stars | journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volume=415 | issue=1 | pages=854–866 | month=July | year=2011 | doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18765.x | bibcode=2011MNRAS.415..854D | postscript=. }}</ref>
<ref name=mnras415_1_854>{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=De Rosa | first1=R. J. | last2=Bulger | first2=J. | last3=Patience | first3=J. | last4=Leland | first4=B. | last5=Macintosh | first5=B. | last6=Schneider | first6=A. | last7=Song | first7=I. | last8=Marois | first8=C. | last9=Graham | first9=J. R. | last10=Bessell | first10=M. | last11=Doyon | first11=R. | title=The Volume-limited A-Star (VAST) survey - I. Companions and the unexpected X-ray detection of B6-A7 stars | journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volume=415 | issue=1 | pages=854–866 |date=July 2011 | doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18765.x | doi-access=free | bibcode=2011MNRAS.415..854D | postscript=. |arxiv = 1103.4363 | s2cid=84181878 }}</ref>


<ref name=aj76_544>{{citation | last1=Lucy | first1=L. B. | last2=Sweeney | first2=M. A. | title=Spectroscopic binaries with circular orbits | journal=Astronomical Journal | volume=76 | pages=544–556 | month=August | year=1971 | doi=10.1086/111159 | bibcode=1971AJ.....76..544L | postscript=. }}</ref>
<ref name=aj76_544>{{citation | last1=Lucy | first1=L. B. | last2=Sweeney | first2=M. A.|author2-link=Mary Ann Sweeney | title=Spectroscopic binaries with circular orbits | journal=Astronomical Journal | volume=76 | pages=544–556 |date=August 1971 | doi=10.1086/111159 | bibcode=1971AJ.....76..544L | postscript=. | doi-access=free }}</ref>


<ref name=csiro>{{citation | title=The Colour of Stars | date=December 21, 2004 | work=Australia Telescope, Outreach and Education | publisher=Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation | url=http://outreach.atnf.csiro.au/education/senior/astrophysics/photometry_colour.html | accessdate=2012-01-16 }}</ref>
<ref name=csiro>{{citation | title=The Colour of Stars | date=December 21, 2004 | work=Australia Telescope, Outreach and Education | publisher=Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation | url=http://outreach.atnf.csiro.au/education/senior/astrophysics/photometry_colour.html | access-date=2012-01-16 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318151427/http://outreach.atnf.csiro.au/education/senior/astrophysics/photometry_colour.html | archive-date=March 18, 2012 | url-status=dead }}</ref>


<ref name=aaa367_521>{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Pasinetti Fracassini | first1=L. E. | last2=Pastori | first2=L. | last3=Covino | first3=S. | last4=Pozzi | first4=A. | title=Catalogue of Apparent Diameters and Absolute Radii of Stars (CADARS) - Third edition - Comments and statistics | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=367 | pages=521–524 | month=February | year=2001 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20000451 | bibcode=2001A&A...367..521P | arxiv=astro-ph/0012289 | postscript=. }}</ref>
<ref name=aaa367_521>{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Pasinetti Fracassini | first1=L. E. | last2=Pastori | first2=L. | last3=Covino | first3=S. | last4=Pozzi | first4=A. | title=Catalogue of Apparent Diameters and Absolute Radii of Stars (CADARS) - Third edition - Comments and statistics | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=367 | pages=521–524 |date=February 2001 | issue=2 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20000451 | bibcode=2001A&A...367..521P | arxiv=astro-ph/0012289 | s2cid=425754 | postscript=. }}</ref>

<ref name=Zuckerman2019>{{citation
| title=The Nearby, Young, Argus Association: Membership, Age, and Dusty Debris Disks
| last=Zuckerman | first=B.
| journal=The Astrophysical Journal
| volume=870 | issue=1 | id=27 | pages=8 | date=January 2019
| doi=10.3847/1538-4357/aaee66 | arxiv=1811.01508
| bibcode=2019ApJ...870...27Z | s2cid=119452542 | postscript=. | doi-access=free }}</ref>

<ref name=De_Rosa_et_al_2014>{{citation | postscript=.
| title=The VAST Survey - III. The multiplicity of A-type stars within 75 pc
| last1=De Rosa | first1=R. J. | last2=Patience | first2=J.
| last3=Wilson | first3=P. A. | last4=Schneider | first4=A.
| last5=Wiktorowicz | first5=S. J. | last6=Vigan | first6=A.
| last7=Marois | first7=C. | last8=Song | first8=I.
| last9=Macintosh | first9=B. | last10=Graham | first10=J. R.
| last11=Doyon | first11=R. | last12=Bessell | first12=M. S.
| last13=Thomas | first13=S. | last14=Lai | first14=O.
| journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
| volume=437 | issue=2 | pages=1216–1240 | year=2014
| bibcode=2014MNRAS.437.1216D| doi=10.1093/mnras/stt1932
| arxiv=1311.7141 | doi-access=free }}</ref>


}}
}}
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{{Stars of Aquila}}
{{Stars of Aquila}}


⚫
{{DEFAULTSORT:Phi Aquilae}}
⚫
[[Category:Henry Draper Catalogue objects]]
<!-- Properties -->
[[Category:A-type subgiants]]
[[Category:Spectroscopic binaries]]
<!-- Other -->
[[Category:Aquila (constellation)]]
[[Category:Bayer objects|Aquilae, Phi]]
[[Category:Bayer objects|Aquilae, Phi]]
[[Category:Aquila (constellation)]]
[[Category:Durchmusterung objects|BD+11 4055]]
[[Category:Spectroscopic binaries]]
[[Category:Henry Draper Catalogue objects|188728]]
[[Category:A-type subgiants]]
[[Category:Flamsteed objects|Aquilae, 61]]
[[Category:Hipparcos objects|098103]]

⚫
[[Category:Bright Star Catalogue objects|7610]]
[[ca:Fi Aquilae]]
[[fa:فی عقاب]]
[[it:Phi Aquilae]]
[[pt:Phi Aquilae]]
[[uk:HD188728]]
[[zh:天鷹座φ]]

Latest revision as of 06:41, 21 August 2024

Phi Aquilae
Location of φ Aquilae (circled)
Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000
Constellation Aquila
Right ascension 19h 56m 14.25183s[1]
Declination +11° 25′ 25.3931″[1]
Apparent magnitude (V) +5.28[2]
Characteristics
Spectral type A1 IV[3]
U−B color index –0.02[2]
B−V color index +0.00[2]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)–27.2[4] km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: +32.826[1] mas/yr
Dec.: +6.162[1] mas/yr
Parallax (π)14.1980 ± 0.1579 mas
Distance230 ± 3 ly
(70.4 ± 0.8 pc)
Absolute magnitude (MV)+1.14[5]
Orbit[6]
Period (P)3.32068 days
Eccentricity (e)0.025
Periastron epoch (T)JD 2423210.628
Argument of periastron (ω)
(secondary)		43°
Semi-amplitude (K1)
(primary)		37.2 km/s
Details
A
Mass2.39[7] M☉
Radius1.8–2.5[8] R☉
Luminosity34[5] L☉
Surface gravity (log g)4.30[9] cgs
Temperature9,509[9] K
Metallicity [Fe/H]+0.47[9] dex
Rotational velocity (v sin i)27[10] km/s
Age280[7] Myr
B
Mass0.40[7] M☉
Other designations
φ Aql, 61 Aql, BD+11° 4055, FK5 3590, HD 188728, HIP 98103, HR 7610, SAO 105438[11]
Database references
SIMBADdata

Phi Aquilae, Latinized from φ Aquilae, is the Bayer designation of a binary star[12] system in the equatorial constellation of Aquila. It has an apparent visual magnitude of +5.28[2] and is visible to the naked eye. With an annual parallax shift of 14.198 mas,[1] this star is located at a distance of approximately 230 light-years (71 parsecs) from Earth. It is drifting closer with a radial velocity of –27 km/s.[4] Based on its motion through space, this system is considered a possible member of the nearby Argus association of co-moving stars, although it may be too old.[13]

Phi Aquilae is a single-lined spectroscopic binary with an orbital period of 3.32068 days.[6] The pair have a projected separation of 190.4 AU as of 2008.[7] The primary component is a subgiant star with a stellar classification of A1 IV.[3] The star is around 280[7] million years old and is spinning with a projected rotational velocity of 27.[10] It has 2.39[7] times the mass of the Sun and somewhere in the range of 1.8–2.5[8] times the Sun's radius. The outer atmosphere has an effective temperature of 9,509 K,[9] giving it the white-hued appearance of an A-type star.[14] It is radiating 34[5] times the luminosity of the Sun.

The orbiting companion may be the source of the X-ray emission from this system, as stars similar to the primary component do not generally produce detectable levels of X-rays.[15] It has 40% of the mass of the Sun.[7]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (August 2018). "Gaia Data Release 2: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 616. A1. arXiv:1804.09365. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. Gaia DR2 record for this source at VizieR.
  2. ^ a b c d Oja, T. (April 1983), "UBV photometry of FK4 and FK4 supplement stars", Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series, 52: 131–134, Bibcode:1983A&AS...52..131O.
  3. ^ a b Cowley, A.; et al. (April 1969), "A study of the bright A stars. I. A catalogue of spectral classifications", Astronomical Journal, 74: 375–406, Bibcode:1969AJ.....74..375C, doi:10.1086/110819.
  4. ^ a b Wilson, Ralph Elmer (1953), "General catalogue of stellar radial velocities", Carnegie Institute Washington D.C. Publication, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Bibcode:1953GCRV..C......0W.
  5. ^ a b c Anderson, E.; Francis, Ch. (2012), "XHIP: An extended hipparcos compilation", Astronomy Letters, 38 (5): 331, arXiv:1108.4971, Bibcode:2012AstL...38..331A, doi:10.1134/S1063773712050015, S2CID 119257644.
  6. ^ a b Lucy, L. B.; Sweeney, M. A. (August 1971), "Spectroscopic binaries with circular orbits", Astronomical Journal, 76: 544–556, Bibcode:1971AJ.....76..544L, doi:10.1086/111159.
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