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{{short description|Spanish journalist, politician, and novelist}}
{{short description|Spanish journalist, politician, and novelist (1867–1928)}}
{{family name hatnote|Blasco|Ibáñez|lang=Spanish}}
{{infobox writer <!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] -->
{{infobox writer <!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] -->
| name = Vicente Blasco Ibáñez
| name = Vicente Blasco Ibáñez
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| caption = Vicente Blasco Ibáñez in 1919
| caption = Blasco Ibáñez in 1919
| pseudonym =
| pseudonym =
| birth_name = Vicente Blasco Ibáñez
| birth_name = Vicente Blasco Ibáñez
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1867|1|29|df=y}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1867|1|29|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Valencia, Spain|Valencia]], Spain
| birth_place = [[Valencia]], Spain
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1928|1|28|1867|1|29|df=y}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1928|1|28|1867|1|29|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Menton]], France
| death_place = [[Menton]], France
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{{family name hatnote|Blasco|Ibáñez|lang=Spanish}}
'''Vicente Blasco Ibáñez''' ({{IPA-es|biˈθente ˈblasko iˈβaɲɛθ}}, 29 January 1867 – 28 January 1928) was a journalist, politician and bestselling Spanish novelist in various genres whose most widespread and lasting fame in the English-speaking world is from Hollywood films that were adapted from his works.
'''Vicente Blasco Ibáñez''' ({{IPA|es|biˈθente ˈβlaskojˈβaɲeθ}}, 29 January 1867 – 28 January 1928) was a journalist, politician, and a bestselling Spanish novelist in various genres whose most widespread and lasting fame in the English-speaking world is from Hollywood films that were adapted from his works.


==Biography==
==Biography==
He was born in Valencia. At university, he studied law and graduated in 1888 but never went into practice since he was more interested in politics, journalism and literature. He was a particular fan of [[Miguel de Cervantes]].
He was born in Valencia. At university, he studied law and graduated in 1888 but never went into practice since he was more interested in politics, journalism, and literature. He was a particular fan of [[Miguel de Cervantes]].


In politics, he was a militant [[First Spanish Republic|Republican]] partisan in his youth, and he founded the newspaper ''El Pueblo'' (translated as ''The People'') in his hometown. The newspaper aroused so much controversy that it was taken to court many times. In 1896, he was arrested and sentenced to a few months in prison. He made many enemies and was shot and almost killed in one dispute. The bullet was caught in the clasp of his belt. He had several stormy love affairs.
In politics, he was a militant [[First Spanish Republic|Republican]] partisan in his youth, and he founded the newspaper ''El Pueblo'' (translated as ''The People'') in his hometown, in which he developed a Republican populist political movement known as ''{{Interlanguage link|Blasquismo|es}}''.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/45619844 |title=Liberales, agitadores y conspiradores : biografías heterodoxas del siglo XIX |date=2000 |publisher=Espasa Calpe |others=Isabel Burdiel, Manuel Pérez Ledesma |isbn=84-239-6048-X |location=Madrid |oclc=45619844}}</ref> The newspaper aroused so much controversy that it was taken to court many times. In 1896, he was arrested and sentenced to a few months in prison. He made many enemies, was shot, and almost killed in one dispute. The bullet was caught in the clasp of his belt. He had several stormy love affairs.


He volunteered as the proofreader for the novel ''[[Noli Me Tangere (novel)|Noli Me Tangere]]'' in which the Filipino patriot [[José Rizal]] expressed his contempt of the Spanish colonization of the Philippines.<ref>{{cite web |title=“NOLI ME TANGERE”: JOSE RIZAL PHILIPPINES HISTORY NOVEL |url=https://cambridgeforecast.wordpress.com/2009/10/15/noli-me-tangere-jose-rizal-phillipines-novel/ |website=Cambridge Forecast Group Blog |access-date=26 September 2021}}</ref>
He volunteered as the proofreader for the novel ''[[Noli Me Tángere (novel)|Noli Me Tángere]]'' in which the Filipino patriot [[José Rizal]] expressed his contempt for the Spanish colonization of the Philippines.<ref>{{cite web |title="NOLI ME TANGERE": JOSE RIZAL PHILIPPINES HISTORY NOVEL |url=https://cambridgeforecast.wordpress.com/2009/10/15/noli-me-tangere-jose-rizal-phillipines-novel/ |website=Cambridge Forecast Group Blog |date=15 October 2009 |access-date=26 September 2021}}</ref>


He traveled to Argentina in 1909 where two new settlements, [[Nueva Valencia, Argentina|Nueva Valencia]], and [[Cervantes, Argentina|Cervantes]], were created. He gave conferences on historical events and [[Spanish literature]]. Tired and disgusted with government failures and inaction, he moved to Paris at the beginning of the [[First World War]]. Living in Paris, he had been introduced to the poet and writer [[Robert W. Service]] by their mutual publisher [[Thomas Fisher Unwin|Fisher Unwin]], who asked Service to act as an interpreter for a contract concerning Ibáñez.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://robertwservice.blogspot.com/2015/05/vicente-blasco-ibanez-1867-1928.html|title=Robert W. Service (1874-1958) Poet & Adventurer: Vicente Blasco Ibáñez (1867-1928)}}</ref>
He traveled to Argentina in 1909 where two new settlements, [[Nueva Valencia, Argentina|Nueva Valencia]], and [[Cervantes, Argentina|Cervantes]], were created. He gave conferences on historical events and [[Spanish literature]]. Tired and disgusted with government failures and inaction, he moved to Paris at the beginning of the [[First World War]]. Living in Paris, he had been introduced to the poet and writer [[Robert W. Service]] by their mutual publisher [[Thomas Fisher Unwin|Fisher Unwin]], who asked Service to act as an interpreter for a contract concerning Ibáñez.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://robertwservice.blogspot.com/2015/05/vicente-blasco-ibanez-1867-1928.html|title=Robert W. Service (1874-1958) Poet & Adventurer: Vicente Blasco Ibáñez (1867-1928)}}</ref>

He was a supporter of the [[Allies (World War I)|Allies]] during the First World War.
He was a supporter of the [[Allies (World War I)|Allies]] during the First World War.


He died in Menton, France in 1928, the day before his 61st birthday, in the residence of [[Fontana Rosa]] (also named the House of Writers, dedicated to [[Miguel de Cervantes]], [[Charles Dickens]] and [[Honoré de Balzac]]) that he had built.
He died in 1928 in Menton, France, the day before his 61st birthday, at [[Fontana Rosa]] (also called the House of Writers), the house he had built and dedicated to [[Miguel de Cervantes]], [[Charles Dickens]] and [[Honoré de Balzac]].


He had expressed his desire that his body would return to Valencia when Spain became a republic.
He had expressed his desire that his body would return to Valencia when Spain became a republic.
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His first published novel was {{lang|es|La araña negra}} ("The Black Spider") in 1892. The immature work that he later repudiated was a study of the connections between a noble Spanish family and the [[Jesuits]] throughout the 19th century. It seems to have been a vehicle for him to express his anticlerical views.
His first published novel was {{lang|es|La araña negra}} ("The Black Spider") in 1892. The immature work that he later repudiated was a study of the connections between a noble Spanish family and the [[Jesuits]] throughout the 19th century. It seems to have been a vehicle for him to express his anticlerical views.


In 1894, he published his first mature work, the novel “''Arroz y tartana''” (''Airs and Graces''). The story is about a widow in late-19th-century Valencia trying to keep up appearances to marry her daughters well. His next books consist of detailed studies of aspects of rural life in the farmlands of Valencia, the so-called ''huerta'' that the Moorish colonizers had created to grow crops such as rice, vegetables and oranges, with a carefully planned irrigation system in an otherwise arid landscape. The concern with depicting the details of this lifestyle qualifies what he called an example of [[costumbrismo]]:
In 1894, he published his first mature work, the novel ''Arroz y tartana'' (''Airs and Graces''). The story is about a widow in late-19th-century Valencia trying to keep up appearances to marry her daughters well. His next books consist of detailed studies of aspects of rural life in the farmlands of Valencia, the so-called ''huerta'' that the Moorish colonizers had created to grow crops such as rice, vegetables and oranges, with a carefully planned irrigation system in an otherwise arid landscape. The concern with depicting the details of this lifestyle qualifies what he called an example of [[costumbrismo]]:


* ''[[Flor de mayo (novel)|Flor de mayo]]'' (1895) ('Mayflower')
* ''[[Flor de mayo (novel)|Flor de mayo]]'' (1895) ('Mayflower')
* ''{{Interlanguage link multi|La barraca (novel)|es|3=La barraca (novela)}}'' (1898)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gutenberg.org/files/14944/14944-h/14944-h.htm|title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of Obras Completas De V. Blasco Ibañez, by AUTHOR.}}</ref> ('The Hut')
* ''[[The Shack (Blasco Ibáñez novel)|La barraca]]'' (1898)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gutenberg.org/files/14944/14944-h/14944-h.htm|title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of Obras Completas De V. Blasco Ibañez, by AUTHOR.}}</ref> ('The Hut')
* ''{{Interlanguage link multi|Entre naranjos|es}}'' (1900)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://es.geocities.com/netmundoweb/blascoibanez/naranjos.doc |title=Archived copy |access-date=2005-09-30 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060310043949/http://es.geocities.com/netmundoweb/blascoibanez/naranjos.doc |archive-date=March 10, 2006 }}</ref> ('Between Orange Trees')
* ''{{Interlanguage link|Entre naranjos|es}}'' (1900)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://es.geocities.com/netmundoweb/blascoibanez/naranjos.doc |title=Archived copy |access-date=2005-09-30 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060310043949/http://es.geocities.com/netmundoweb/blascoibanez/naranjos.doc |archive-date=March 10, 2006 }}</ref> ('Between Orange Trees')
* ''{{Interlanguage link multi|Cañas y barro|es}}'' (1902)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://es.geocities.com/netmundoweb/blascoibanez/barro.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2005-09-30 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060310042127/http://es.geocities.com/netmundoweb/blascoibanez/barro.pdf |archive-date=March 10, 2006 }}</ref> ('Reeds and Mud')
* ''{{Interlanguage link|Cañas y barro|es}}'' (1902)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://es.geocities.com/netmundoweb/blascoibanez/barro.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2005-09-30 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060310042127/http://es.geocities.com/netmundoweb/blascoibanez/barro.pdf |archive-date=March 10, 2006 }}</ref> ('Reeds and Mud')


The works also show the influence of [[naturalism (literature)|naturalism]], which he would most likely have assimilated through reading [[Émile Zola]]. The characters in the works are determined by the interaction of heredity, environment and social conditions (''race, milieu et moment''), and the novelist is acting as a kind of scientist drawing out the influences that act upon them at any given moment. They are powerful works but are sometimes flawed by heavy-handed didactic elements. For example, in ''La Barraca'', the narrator often preaches the need for these ignorant people to be better educated. There is also a strong political element as he shows how destructive it is for the poor farmworkers to be fighting one another rather than uniting against their true oppressors – the church and the landowners. However, along the preaching are lyrical and highly detailed accounts of how the irrigation canals are managed and of the workings of the age-old “''[[Water Tribunal of the plain of Valencia|tribunal de las aguas]]''”, a court composed of farmers that meets weekly near [[Valencia Cathedral]] to decide which farm gets to receive water and when and arbitrates on disputes on access to water. “''Cañas y barro''” is often adjudged{{citation needed|date=September 2015}} the masterpiece of that phase of Blasco Ibáñez’s writings.
The works also show the influence of [[naturalism (literature)|naturalism]], which he would most likely have assimilated through reading [[Émile Zola]]. The characters in the works are determined by the interaction of heredity, environment, and social conditions (''race, milieu et moment''), and the novelist is acting as a kind of scientist drawing out the influences that act upon them at any given moment. They are powerful works but are sometimes flawed by heavy-handed didactic elements. For example, in ''La Barraca'', the narrator often preaches the need for these ignorant people to be better educated. There is also a strong political element as he shows how destructive it is for the poor farmworkers to be fighting one another rather than uniting against their true oppressors – the church and the landowners. However, along the preaching are lyrical and highly detailed accounts of how the irrigation canals are managed and of the workings of the age-old "[[Water Tribunal of the plain of Valencia|tribunal de las aguas]]", a court composed of farmers that meets weekly near [[Valencia Cathedral]] to decide which farm gets to receive water and when and arbitrates on disputes on access to water. ''Cañas y barro'' is often adjudged the masterpiece of that phase of Blasco Ibáñez's writings.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shaughnessy |first=Nevan O. |date=2017-10-10 |title=16C Carved Spanish Oak Writing Desk and Cabinet - HIGHLY IMPORTANT - Rockwell Antiques Dallas |url=https://rockwellantiquesdallas.com/16c-carved-spanish-oak-writing-desk-cabinet/ |access-date=2024-05-05 |website=rockwellantiquesdallas.com |language=en-US}}</ref>


After that, his writing changed markedly. He left behind ''costumbrismo'' and ''Naturalism'' and began to set his novels in more cosmopolitan locations than the ''huerta'' of Valencia. His plots became more sensational and melodramatic. Academic criticism of him in the English-speaking world has largely ignored those works, but they form by far the majority of his published output: some 30 works. Some of these works attr|acted the attention of Hollywood studios and became the basis of celebrated films.
After that, his writing changed markedly. He left behind ''costumbrismo'' and ''Naturalism'' and began to set his novels in more cosmopolitan locations than the ''huerta'' of Valencia. His plots became more sensational and melodramatic. Academic criticism of him in the English-speaking world has largely ignored those works, but they form by far the majority of his published output: some 30 works. Some of these works attracted the attention of Hollywood studios and became the basis of celebrated films.


Prominently, ''{{Interlanguage link multi|Sangre y arena|es|3=Sangre y arena (novela)}}'' (''Blood and Sand'', 1908), which follows the career of Juan Gallardo from his poor beginnings as a child in Seville to his rise to celebrity as a [[matador]] in Madrid, where he falls under the spell of the seductive Doña Sol, which leads to his downfall. Ibáñez directed a [[Blood and Sand (1916 film)|65 min film version]] in 1916.<ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/es/film321644.html</ref> There were three remakes in [[Blood and Sand (1922 film)|1922]], [[Blood and Sand (1941 film)|1941]] and [[Blood and Sand (1989 film)|1989]].
Prominently, ''{{Interlanguage link|Sangre y arena|es|3=Sangre y arena (novela)}}'' (''Blood and Sand'', 1908), which follows the career of Juan Gallardo from his poor beginnings as a child in Seville to his rise to celebrity as a [[matador]] in Madrid, where he falls under the spell of the seductive Doña Sol, which leads to his downfall. Ibáñez directed a [[Blood and Sand (1916 film)|65 min film version]] in 1916.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.filmaffinity.com/es/film321644.html |title = Sangre y arena (1916) - FilmAffinity}}</ref> There were three remakes in [[Blood and Sand (1922 film)|1922]], [[Blood and Sand (1941 film)|1941]] and [[Blood and Sand (1989 film)|1989]].


His greatest personal success probably came from the novel ''Los cuatro jinetes del Apocalipsis'' (''[[The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse (novel)|The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse]]'') (1916), which tells a tangled tale of the French and German sons-in-law of an Argentinian landowner who find themselves fighting on opposite sides during the [[First World War]]. When it was filmed by [[Rex Ingram (director)|Rex Ingram]] in 1921, it became the vehicle that propelled [[Rudolph Valentino]] to stardom.
His greatest personal success probably came from the novel ''[[The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse (novel)|The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse]]'' (1916), which tells a tangled tale of the French and German sons-in-law of an Argentinian landowner who find themselves fighting on opposite sides during the [[First World War]]. When it was filmed by [[Rex Ingram (director)|Rex Ingram]] in 1921, it became the vehicle that propelled [[Rudolph Valentino]] to stardom.


Rex Ingram also filmed ''[[Mare Nostrum (1926 film)|Mare Nostrum]]'', a spy story from 1918 that was filmed in 1926 as a vehicle for his wife [[Alice Terry]] at his MGM studio in Nice. [[Michael Powell]] claimed in his memoirs that he had his first experience of working in films on that production.
Rex Ingram also filmed ''[[Mare Nostrum (1926 film)|Mare Nostrum]]'', a spy story from 1918 that was filmed in 1926 as a vehicle for his wife [[Alice Terry]] at his MGM studio in Nice. [[Michael Powell]] claimed in his memoirs that he had his first experience of working in films on that production.


A further two Hollywood films can be singled out, as they were the first films that were made by [[Greta Garbo]] following her arrival at MGM in Hollywood: ''[[Torrent (1926 film)|The Torrent]]'' (based on ''Entre naranjos'' from 1900) and ''[[The Temptress]]'' (derived from ''La Tierra de Todos'' from 1922).
A further two Hollywood films can be singled out, as they were the first films that were made by [[Greta Garbo]] following her arrival at MGM in Hollywood: ''[[Torrent (1926 film)|The Torrent]]'' (based on ''Entre naranjos'' from 1900) and ''[[The Temptress]]'' (derived from ''La Tierra de Todos'' from 1922).

[[Image:Woman Triumphant - Vicente Blasco Ibáñez - cover - Project Gutenberg eText 18876.jpg|thumb|''Woman Triumphant'', a translation of ''La maja desnuda'' by Vicente Blasco Ibáñez into English]]


==Works==
==Works==
*''A los pies de Venus''
* ''Argentina y sus grandezas''
* {{gutenberg|no=16413|name=Arroz y tartana}} (1894)
* ''Cañas y barro'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://es.geocities.com/netmundoweb/blascoibanez/barro.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091026132834/http://es.geocities.com/netmundoweb/blascoibanez/barro.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 October 2009|date=26 October 2009}}</ref> about life among the fishermen-peasants of the [[Albufera]] marshes in Valencia. Also a Spanish TV series.
* ''Cuentos valencianos''
* ''El caballero de la virgen''
* ''El establo de Eva, short story (1902)''
* ''El intruso'', about immigration to the [[Basque Country (autonomous community)|Basque Country]]
* ''El oriente''
* ''El papa del mar'', about the [[antipope Benedict XIII]], who established his court at [[Peñíscola]].
* ''El parásito del tren, short story (1902)''
* {{gutenberg|no=10822|name=El paraíso de las mujeres}}
* {{gutenberg|no=14308|name=El préstamo de la difunta}}
* ''En busca del [[Great Khan|Gran Khan]]''
* ''Entre naranjos'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://es.geocities.com/netmundoweb/blascoibanez/naranjos.doc|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091027175936/http://es.geocities.com/netmundoweb/blascoibanez/naranjos.doc|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 October 2009|date=27 October 2009}}</ref> another Valencian piece. Also a Spanish TV series.
* ''Fantasma de las alas de oro''
* ''Flor de mayo ''
[[File:Vicente Blasco Ibáñez (1892) La araña negra, tomo I.png|thumbnail|"La araña negra" (1892) volume I.]]
[[File:Vicente Blasco Ibáñez (1892) La araña negra, tomo I.png|thumbnail|"La araña negra" (1892) volume I.]]
[[Image:Woman Triumphant - Vicente Blasco Ibáñez - cover - Project Gutenberg eText 18876.jpg|thumb|''Woman Triumphant'', a translation of ''La maja desnuda'' by Vicente Blasco Ibáñez into English]]
* ''La araña negra'' (1892)
* ''La araña negra'' (1892)
* ''Arroz y tartana'' (1894)
* {{gutenberg|no=14944|name=La Barraca}}
* ''La bodega''
* ''Flor de mayo '' (1895)
* ''Cuentos valencianos'' (1896)
* {{gutenberg|no=16670|name=La Catedral}}
* ''La barraca'' (1898). English translation: ''[[The Shack (Blasco Ibáñez novel)|The Shack]]''.
* ''La familia de Doctor Pedraza (1922)
* ''Entre naranjos'' (1900), another Valencian piece.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://es.geocities.com/netmundoweb/blascoibanez/naranjos.doc|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091027175936/http://es.geocities.com/netmundoweb/blascoibanez/naranjos.doc|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 October 2009|date=27 October 2009|title=Entre Naranjos}}</ref>
* ''Cañas y barro'' (1902), about life among the fishermen-peasants of the [[Albufera]] marshes in Valencia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://es.geocities.com/netmundoweb/blascoibanez/barro.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091026132834/http://es.geocities.com/netmundoweb/blascoibanez/barro.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 October 2009|date=26 October 2009|title=Cañas y Barro}}</ref>
* ''El establo de Eva'' (1902), short story.
* ''El parásito del tren'' (1902), short story.
* ''La catedral'' (1903)
* ''El intruso'' (1904), about immigration to the [[Basque Country (autonomous community)|Basque Country]].
* ''La bodega'' (1905)
* ''La horda'' (1905)
* ''La horda'' (1905)
*
* ''La maja desnuda'', novel with title inspired on [[Goya]]'s painting [[La maja desnuda|Nude "Maja"]].
* Novísima geografia universal (translation) by Onesime and Elisé Reclus, 6 volumes (1906)
* La Pared
* ''La maja desnuda'' (1906), novel with title inspired by [[Francisco Goya|Goya]]'s painting ''[[La maja desnuda|The Nude Maja]]''. English translation: ''Woman Triumphant''.
* ''Oriente'' (1907)
* ''Voluntad de vivir'' (1907, published in 1953)
* ''Sangre y arena'' (1908), is about a matador in a love triangle. English translation: ''Blood and Sand''.
* ''Los muertos mandan'' (1909)
* ''Luna Benamor'' (1909)
* ''Argentina y sus grandezas'' (1910)
* ''Los argonautas'' (1914)
* ''Los cuatro jinetes del Apocalipsis'' (1916), about Argentina and the First World War.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://es.geocities.com/netmundoweb/blascoibanez/jinetes.doc |title=LOS CUATRO JINETES DEL APOCALIPSIS|access-date=2005-09-30 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091026132840/http://es.geocities.com/netmundoweb/blascoibanez/jinetes.doc |archive-date=October 26, 2009 }}</ref> English translation: ''[[The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse (novel)|The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse]]''.
* ''Mare Nostrum'' (1918), a spy novel in the Mediterranean.
* ''Los enemigos de la mujer'' (1919). English translation: ''Enemies of Women''.
* ''El préstamo de la difunta'' (1921)
* ''El paraíso de las mujeres'' (1922)
* ''La familia de Doctor Pedraza'' (1922)
* ''La tierra de todos'' (1922)
* ''La reina Calafia'' (1924)
* ''La reina Calafia'' (1924)
* ''Novelas de la costa azul'' (1924)
* {{gutenberg|no=13519|name=La Tierra de Todos}}
* ''Vuelta del mundo de un novelista'' (1924–25), a travelogue.
* ''Los argonautas''
* ''El papa del mar'' (1925), about the [[antipope Benedict XIII]], who established his court at [[Peñíscola]].
* [[The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse (Spanish novel)|The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse]] (''Los Cuatro Jinetes del Apocalipsis''),<ref>VICENTE BLASCO IBÁÑEZ, {{cite web |url=http://es.geocities.com/netmundoweb/blascoibanez/jinetes.doc |title=''LOS CUATRO JINETES DEL APOCALIPSIS'' |access-date=2005-09-30 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091026132840/http://es.geocities.com/netmundoweb/blascoibanez/jinetes.doc |archive-date=October 26, 2009 }}</ref> about Argentina and the First World War. Several times filmed.<ref>{{gutenberg|no=1484|title=The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse}}</ref> [[Publishers Weekly list of bestselling novels in the United States in the 1910s#The 1919|Bestseller in the United States in 1919]].
* ''Los muertos mandan''
* ''A los pies de Venus'' (1926)
* ''El caballero de la virgen'' (1929)
* ''Luna Benamor''
* ''En busca del Gran Khan'' (1929)
* ''[[Mare Nostrum (novel)|Mare Nostrum]]'', a spy novel in the Mediterranean. [[Mare Nostrum (1926 film)|Filmed in 1926]] and [[Mare Nostrum (1948 film)|1948]].
* ''Novelas de la [[Côte d'Azur|costa azul]]''
* ''Fantasma de las alas de oro'' (1930)
* ''La Pared'' (n/a)
* ''Blood and Sand'' (''Sangre y arena''), about a matador in a love triangle. Filmed several times.
* ''Vistas sudamericanas''
* ''Vistas sudamericanas'' (n/a)
* ''Voluntad de vivir''
* ''Vuelta del mundo de un novelista'', a travelogue


===Works in English===
===Adaptations===
* ''Sangre y arena'': [[Blood and Sand (1916 film)|1916 film]], [[Blood and Sand (1922 film)|1922 film]], [[Blood and Sand (1941 film)|1941 film]] and [[Blood and Sand (1989 film)|1989 film]].
*{{cite book|others=translator Charlotte Brewster Jordan |title=Mare Nostrum (Our Sea): A Novel|url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924014387975|year=1919|publisher=E.P. Dutton}}
* ''Los cuatro jinetes del Apocalipsis'': [[The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse (1921 film)|1921 film]] and [[The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse (1962 film)|1962 film]].
*{{cite book|others =translator W. A. Gillespe|title=Blood and Sand: A Novel|url=https://archive.org/details/bloodandsandano00ibgoog|year=1919|publisher=E.P. Dutton}}
* ''Los enemigos de la mujer'': [[Enemies of Women|1923 film]].
*{{cite book|others=translator Isaac Goldberg|title=La Bodega|url=https://archive.org/details/labodegafruitvi00ibgoog|year=1919|publisher=E.P. Dutton}}<
* ''Amor Argentino'': [[Argentine Love|1924 film]].
*{{cite book|others=translator Frances Douglas |title=The Blood of the Arena|url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924027687791|year=1911|publisher=A. C. McClurg & Company}}
* ''Circe, la maga'': [[Circe, the Enchantress|1924 film]].
*{{cite book|others=translator Hayward Keniston|title=Woman Triumphant (La Maja Desnuda)|url=https://archive.org/details/womantriumphant00ibgoog|year=1920|publisher=E.P. Dutton}}
* ''Mare Nostrum'': [[Mare Nostrum (1926 film)|1926 film]] and [[Mare Nostrum (1948 film)|1948 film]].
*{{cite book|editor= Edmund R. Brown|title=The Last Lion: And Other Tales|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VQUhOwL-lisC&pg=PA15|year=1919|publisher=Branden Books|pages=15–}}
* ''Entre naranjos'': [[Torrent (1926 film)|1926 film]] and [[Entre naranjos (TV series)|1997 television series]].
* ''La tierra de todos'': [[The Temptress|1926 film]].
* ''La bodega'': [[Wine Cellars|1930 film]].
* ''La barraca'': [[The Shack (1945 film)|1945 film]] and [[La barraca (TV series)|1979 television series]].
* ''Cañas y barro'': {{ill|Cañas y barro (film)|es|Cañas y barro (película)|lt=1954 film}} and [[Cañas y barro (TV series)|1978 television series]].
* ''Flor de mayo'': [[Beyond All Limits|1959 film]] and [[Flor de mayo (TV series)|2008 television series]].
* ''Arroz y tartana'': [[Arroz y tartana (TV series)|2003 television series]].


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

{{EB1922 Poster|Ibáñez, Vicente Blasco|Vicente Blasco Ibáñez}}


==External links==
==External links==
===Works in Spanish===
* {{gutenberg|no=16413|name=Arroz y tartana}}
* {{gutenberg|no=14944|name=La Barraca}}
* {{gutenberg|no=10822|name=El paraíso de las mujeres}}
* {{gutenberg|no=14308|name=El préstamo de la difunta}}
* {{gutenberg|no=16670|name=La Catedral}}
* {{gutenberg|no=13519|name=La Tierra de Todos}}

===English translations===
* {{cite book|translator= Charlotte Brewster Jordan |title=Mare Nostrum (Our Sea): A Novel|url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924014387975|year=1919|publisher=E.P. Dutton}}
* {{cite book|translator= W. A. Gillespe|title=Blood and Sand: A Novel|url=https://archive.org/details/bloodandsandano00ibgoog|year=1919|publisher=E.P. Dutton}}
* {{cite book|translator= Isaac Goldberg|title=La Bodega|url=https://archive.org/details/labodegafruitvi00ibgoog|year=1919|publisher=E.P. Dutton}}
* {{cite book|translator= Frances Douglas |title=The Blood of the Arena|url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924027687791|year=1911|publisher=A. C. McClurg & Company}}
* {{cite book|translator= Hayward Keniston|title=Woman Triumphant (La Maja Desnuda)|url=https://archive.org/details/womantriumphant00ibgoog|year=1920|publisher=E.P. Dutton}}
* {{cite book|editor= Edmund R. Brown|title=The Last Lion: And Other Tales|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VQUhOwL-lisC&pg=PA15|year=1919|publisher=Branden Books|pages=15–}}
* {{gutenberg|no=1484|title=The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse}} [[Publishers Weekly list of bestselling novels in the United States in the 1910s#The 1919|Bestseller in the United States in 1919]].

===aFurther links===
{{commons category}}
{{commons category}}
* {{Gutenberg author | id=Blasco+Ibáñez,+Vicente }}
{{wikisource author}}
* {{Gutenberg author | id=647}}
* {{FadedPage|id=Blasco Ibáñez, Vicente|name=Vicente Blasco Ibáñez|author=yes}}
* {{FadedPage|id=Blasco Ibáñez, Vicente|name=Vicente Blasco Ibáñez|author=yes}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Vicente Blasco Ibáñez |sopt=w}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Vicente Blasco Ibáñez |sopt=w}}
* {{Librivox author |id=5454}}
* {{Librivox author |id=5454}}
* [http://www.polyglotproject.com/books/Spanish/los_cuatro_jinetes_del_apocalipsis The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse] in the original Spanish with English translation
* [http://www.polyglotproject.com/books/Spanish/los_cuatro_jinetes_del_apocalipsis ''The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse''] in the original Spanish with English translation
* {{PM20|FID=pe/001870}}
* {{PM20|FID=pe/001870}}


{{Vicente Blasco Ibáñez}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


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[[Category:Spanish novelists]]
[[Category:Writers from Valencia]]
[[Category:Spanish male novelists]]
[[Category:Spanish male novelists]]
[[Category:Spanish screenwriters]]
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[[Category:Spanish film directors]]
[[Category:Spanish film directors]]
[[Category:Spanish Freemasons]]
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[[Category:Spanish expatriates in France]]
[[Category:Spanish expatriates in France]]
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[[Category:Spanish duellists]]

Revision as of 20:49, 13 August 2024

In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Blasco and the second or maternal family name is Ibáñez.
Vicente Blasco Ibáñez
Blasco Ibáñez in 1919
Blasco Ibáñez in 1919
BornVicente Blasco Ibáñez
(1867-01-29)29 January 1867
Valencia, Spain
Died28 January 1928(1928-01-28) (aged 60)
Menton, France
Resting placeValencia Cemetery
LanguageSpanish
NationalitySpanish
Literary movementRealism

Vicente Blasco Ibáñez (Spanish pronunciation: [biˈθente ˈβlaskojˈβaɲeθ], 29 January 1867 – 28 January 1928) was a journalist, politician, and a bestselling Spanish novelist in various genres whose most widespread and lasting fame in the English-speaking world is from Hollywood films that were adapted from his works.

Biography

He was born in Valencia. At university, he studied law and graduated in 1888 but never went into practice since he was more interested in politics, journalism, and literature. He was a particular fan of Miguel de Cervantes.

In politics, he was a militant Republican partisan in his youth, and he founded the newspaper El Pueblo (translated as The People) in his hometown, in which he developed a Republican populist political movement known as Blasquismo [es].[1] The newspaper aroused so much controversy that it was taken to court many times. In 1896, he was arrested and sentenced to a few months in prison. He made many enemies, was shot, and almost killed in one dispute. The bullet was caught in the clasp of his belt. He had several stormy love affairs.

He volunteered as the proofreader for the novel Noli Me Tángere in which the Filipino patriot José Rizal expressed his contempt for the Spanish colonization of the Philippines.[2]

He traveled to Argentina in 1909 where two new settlements, Nueva Valencia, and Cervantes, were created. He gave conferences on historical events and Spanish literature. Tired and disgusted with government failures and inaction, he moved to Paris at the beginning of the First World War. Living in Paris, he had been introduced to the poet and writer Robert W. Service by their mutual publisher Fisher Unwin, who asked Service to act as an interpreter for a contract concerning Ibáñez.[3]

He was a supporter of the Allies during the First World War.

He died in 1928 in Menton, France, the day before his 61st birthday, at Fontana Rosa (also called the House of Writers), the house he had built and dedicated to Miguel de Cervantes, Charles Dickens and Honoré de Balzac.

He had expressed his desire that his body would return to Valencia when Spain became a republic. In October 1933, his remains were carried by the Spanish battleship Jaime I to Valencia where authorities of the Second Spanish Republic received it. After several days of public homage, the coffin was deposited in a niche in the civil cemetery of Valencia. A mausoleum by Mariano Benlliure remained unfinished and was deposited in the Museum of Fine Arts in 1940. It was relocated to the Centre del Carme [es] in 1988 and, in 2017, back to the museum. It is planned that the mausoleum will be finished in 2021 and Blasco's remains stored in it.[4]

Writing career

His first published novel was La araña negra ("The Black Spider") in 1892. The immature work that he later repudiated was a study of the connections between a noble Spanish family and the Jesuits throughout the 19th century. It seems to have been a vehicle for him to express his anticlerical views.

In 1894, he published his first mature work, the novel Arroz y tartana (Airs and Graces). The story is about a widow in late-19th-century Valencia trying to keep up appearances to marry her daughters well. His next books consist of detailed studies of aspects of rural life in the farmlands of Valencia, the so-called huerta that the Moorish colonizers had created to grow crops such as rice, vegetables and oranges, with a carefully planned irrigation system in an otherwise arid landscape. The concern with depicting the details of this lifestyle qualifies what he called an example of costumbrismo:

The works also show the influence of naturalism, which he would most likely have assimilated through reading Émile Zola. The characters in the works are determined by the interaction of heredity, environment, and social conditions (race, milieu et moment), and the novelist is acting as a kind of scientist drawing out the influences that act upon them at any given moment. They are powerful works but are sometimes flawed by heavy-handed didactic elements. For example, in La Barraca, the narrator often preaches the need for these ignorant people to be better educated. There is also a strong political element as he shows how destructive it is for the poor farmworkers to be fighting one another rather than uniting against their true oppressors – the church and the landowners. However, along the preaching are lyrical and highly detailed accounts of how the irrigation canals are managed and of the workings of the age-old "tribunal de las aguas", a court composed of farmers that meets weekly near Valencia Cathedral to decide which farm gets to receive water and when and arbitrates on disputes on access to water. Cañas y barro is often adjudged the masterpiece of that phase of Blasco Ibáñez's writings.[8]

After that, his writing changed markedly. He left behind costumbrismo and Naturalism and began to set his novels in more cosmopolitan locations than the huerta of Valencia. His plots became more sensational and melodramatic. Academic criticism of him in the English-speaking world has largely ignored those works, but they form by far the majority of his published output: some 30 works. Some of these works attracted the attention of Hollywood studios and became the basis of celebrated films.

Prominently, Sangre y arena [es] (Blood and Sand, 1908), which follows the career of Juan Gallardo from his poor beginnings as a child in Seville to his rise to celebrity as a matador in Madrid, where he falls under the spell of the seductive Doña Sol, which leads to his downfall. Ibáñez directed a 65 min film version in 1916.[9] There were three remakes in 1922, 1941 and 1989.

His greatest personal success probably came from the novel The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse (1916), which tells a tangled tale of the French and German sons-in-law of an Argentinian landowner who find themselves fighting on opposite sides during the First World War. When it was filmed by Rex Ingram in 1921, it became the vehicle that propelled Rudolph Valentino to stardom.

Rex Ingram also filmed Mare Nostrum, a spy story from 1918 that was filmed in 1926 as a vehicle for his wife Alice Terry at his MGM studio in Nice. Michael Powell claimed in his memoirs that he had his first experience of working in films on that production.

A further two Hollywood films can be singled out, as they were the first films that were made by Greta Garbo following her arrival at MGM in Hollywood: The Torrent (based on Entre naranjos from 1900) and The Temptress (derived from La Tierra de Todos from 1922).

Works

"La araña negra" (1892) volume I.
Woman Triumphant, a translation of La maja desnuda by Vicente Blasco Ibáñez into English
  • La araña negra (1892)
  • Arroz y tartana (1894)
  • Flor de mayo (1895)
  • Cuentos valencianos (1896)
  • La barraca (1898). English translation: The Shack.
  • Entre naranjos (1900), another Valencian piece.[10]
  • Cañas y barro (1902), about life among the fishermen-peasants of the Albufera marshes in Valencia.[11]
  • El establo de Eva (1902), short story.
  • El parásito del tren (1902), short story.
  • La catedral (1903)
  • El intruso (1904), about immigration to the Basque Country.
  • La bodega (1905)
  • La horda (1905)
  • Novísima geografia universal (translation) by Onesime and Elisé Reclus, 6 volumes (1906)
  • La maja desnuda (1906), novel with title inspired by Goya's painting The Nude Maja. English translation: Woman Triumphant.
  • Oriente (1907)
  • Voluntad de vivir (1907, published in 1953)
  • Sangre y arena (1908), is about a matador in a love triangle. English translation: Blood and Sand.
  • Los muertos mandan (1909)
  • Luna Benamor (1909)
  • Argentina y sus grandezas (1910)
  • Los argonautas (1914)
  • Los cuatro jinetes del Apocalipsis (1916), about Argentina and the First World War.[12] English translation: The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse.
  • Mare Nostrum (1918), a spy novel in the Mediterranean.
  • Los enemigos de la mujer (1919). English translation: Enemies of Women.
  • El préstamo de la difunta (1921)
  • El paraíso de las mujeres (1922)
  • La familia de Doctor Pedraza (1922)
  • La tierra de todos (1922)
  • La reina Calafia (1924)
  • Novelas de la costa azul (1924)
  • Vuelta del mundo de un novelista (1924–25), a travelogue.
  • El papa del mar (1925), about the antipope Benedict XIII, who established his court at Peñíscola.
  • A los pies de Venus (1926)
  • El caballero de la virgen (1929)
  • En busca del Gran Khan (1929)
  • Fantasma de las alas de oro (1930)
  • La Pared (n/a)
  • Vistas sudamericanas (n/a)

Adaptations

References

  1. ^ Liberales, agitadores y conspiradores : biografías heterodoxas del siglo XIX. Isabel Burdiel, Manuel Pérez Ledesma. Madrid: Espasa Calpe. 2000. ISBN 84-239-6048-X. OCLC 45619844.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  2. ^ ""NOLI ME TANGERE": JOSE RIZAL PHILIPPINES HISTORY NOVEL". Cambridge Forecast Group Blog. 15 October 2009. Retrieved 26 September 2021.
  3. ^ "Robert W. Service (1874-1958) Poet & Adventurer: Vicente Blasco Ibáñez (1867-1928)".
  4. ^ Cuquerella, Toni (11 April 2021). "La complicada historia de la tumba de Blasco Ibáñez, el escritor y político que quería reposar en una València republicana". ElDiario.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 12 April 2021.
  5. ^ "The Project Gutenberg eBook of Obras Completas De V. Blasco Ibañez, by AUTHOR".
  6. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on March 10, 2006. Retrieved 2005-09-30.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  7. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on March 10, 2006. Retrieved 2005-09-30.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  8. ^ Shaughnessy, Nevan O. (2017-10-10). "16C Carved Spanish Oak Writing Desk and Cabinet - HIGHLY IMPORTANT - Rockwell Antiques Dallas". rockwellantiquesdallas.com. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
  9. ^ "Sangre y arena (1916) - FilmAffinity".
  10. ^ "Entre Naranjos". 27 October 2009. Archived from the original on 27 October 2009.
  11. ^ "Cañas y Barro" (PDF). 26 October 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 October 2009.
  12. ^ "LOS CUATRO JINETES DEL APOCALIPSIS". Archived from the original on October 26, 2009. Retrieved 2005-09-30.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)

Works in Spanish

English translations

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