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| caption = The drawing of the Seed-Planter by Blair used on the patent application in 1836.
| caption = The drawing of the Seed-Planter by Blair used on the patent application in 1836.
| birth_name = Henry Blaire
| birth_name = Henry Blaire
| birth_date = 1807
| birth_date = c. 1807
| birth_place = [[Montgomery County, Maryland|Glen Ross, Maryland]], United States
| birth_place = [[Montgomery County, Maryland|Glen Ross, Maryland]], United States
| death_date = 1860
| death_date = 1860
| death_place =
| death_place =
| nationality = African American
| nationality = American
| other_names =
| other_names =
| known_for = The second black man to obtain a patent
| known_for = The second African American to obtain a patent
| occupation = Inventor<br/>Farmers
| occupation = Inventor<br/>Farmers
}}
}}
'''Henry Blair''' (1807–1860) was the second [[African Americans|African American]] inventor to receive a US [[patent]].<ref name="Blair1">{{cite web | author= | year=2011 | title=Henry Blair | work=Inventors | publisher=The Black Inventor On-Line Museum | url=http://www.blackinventor.com/pages/henry-blair.html | access-date=13 November 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130818101543/http://blackinventor.com/pages/henry-blair.html | archive-date=18 August 2013 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
'''Henry Blair''' (c. 1807–1860) was the second [[African Americans|African American]] inventor to receive a US [[patent]].<ref name="Blair1">{{cite web | author= | year=2011 | title=Henry Blair | work=Inventors | publisher=The Black Inventor On-Line Museum | url=http://www.blackinventor.com/pages/henry-blair.html | access-date=13 November 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130818101543/http://blackinventor.com/pages/henry-blair.html | archive-date=18 August 2013 | url-status=dead }}</ref>


He was born in [[Montgomery County, Maryland|Glen Ross, Maryland]], United States in 1807. His first invention was the Seed-Planter,<ref name="The Mechanics' magazine, museum, register, journal, and gazette">{{cite book|title=The Mechanics' magazine, museum, register, journal, and gazette|url=https://archive.org/details/mechanicsmagazi20unkngoog|access-date=13 November 2011|year=1836|publisher=M. Salmon|pages=[https://archive.org/details/mechanicsmagazi20unkngoog/page/n313 320]–}}</ref> patented October 14, 1834, which allowed farmers to plant more corn using less labor and in a shorter time. On August 31, 1836 he obtained a second patent for a [[cotton]] planter.<ref name="SpangenburgMoser2003">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XSOZ8kF5ynEC&pg=PA16|title=African Americans in science, math, and invention|author1=Ray Spangenburg|author2=Diane Moser|date=March 2003|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-0-8160-4806-9|location=|pages=15–16|access-date=13 November 2011}}</ref> This invention worked by splitting the ground with two shovel-like blades which were pulled along by a horse. A wheel-driven cylinder followed behind which dropped the seed into the newly plowed ground.<ref name="Blair1"/> Blair had been a successful farmer for years and developed the inventions as a means of increasing efficiency in farming.<ref>"The Black Inventor On-line Museum." Accessed December 4, 2012. http://www.blackinventor.com/pages/henry-blair.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130818101543/http://blackinventor.com/pages/henry-blair.html |date=2013-08-18 }}.</ref>
He was born in [[Glen Ross, Maryland]], United States, in 1807. His first invention was the Seed-Planter,<ref name="The Mechanics' magazine, museum, register, journal, and gazette">{{cite book|title=The Mechanics' magazine, museum, register, journal, and gazette|url=https://archive.org/details/mechanicsmagazi20unkngoog|access-date=13 November 2011|year=1836|publisher=M. Salmon|pages=[https://archive.org/details/mechanicsmagazi20unkngoog/page/n313 320]–}}</ref> patented October 14, 1834, which allowed farmers to plant more corn using less labor and in a shorter time. On August 31, 1836, he obtained a second patent for a [[cotton]] planter.<ref name="SpangenburgMoser2003">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XSOZ8kF5ynEC&pg=PA16|title=African Americans in science, math, and invention|author1=Ray Spangenburg|author2=Diane Moser|date=March 2003|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-0-8160-4806-9|location=|pages=15–16|access-date=13 November 2011}}</ref> This invention worked by splitting the ground with two shovel-like blades which a horse pulled along. A wheel-driven cylinder followed, dropping the seed into the newly plowed ground.<ref name="Blair1"/> Blair had been a successful farmer for years and developed the inventions to increase efficiency in farming.<ref>"The Black Inventor On-line Museum." Accessed December 4, 2012. http://www.blackinventor.com/pages/henry-blair.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130818101543/http://blackinventor.com/pages/henry-blair.html |date=2013-08-18 }}.</ref>


In the patent records, Blair is listed as a "colored man," making this identification the only one of its kind in early patent records. Blair was illiterate, therefore he signed his patents with an "x".<ref name="Blair2">{{cite web|title=Henry Blair |work=Projects by Students for Students |publisher=Many of Maryland's Distinguished African Americans |url=http://library.thinkquest.org/3337/blair.html |access-date=13 November 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728105254/http://library.thinkquest.org/3337/blair.html |archive-date=28 July 2011 }}</ref> It is said that Blair was a [[freedman]]. At the time that his patents were granted, United States patent law allowed both freed and enslaved people to obtain patents. In 1857, this law was challenged by a slave-owner who claimed that he owned "all the fruits of the slave's labor," including his slave's inventions. This resulted in a change of the law in 1858 which stated that slaves were not citizens, and therefore could not hold patents. Blair died in 1860.<ref name="SpangenburgMoser2003"/> In 1871, six years after the [[American Civil War]] ended, the law was changed to grant all men patent rights.
In the patent records, Blair is listed as a "colored man," making this identification the only one of its kind in early patent records. Blair was illiterate; therefore he signed his patents with an "x".<ref name="Blair2">{{cite web|title=Henry Blair |work=Projects by Students for Students |publisher=Many of Maryland's Distinguished African Americans |url=http://library.thinkquest.org/3337/blair.html |access-date=13 November 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728105254/http://library.thinkquest.org/3337/blair.html |archive-date=28 July 2011 }}</ref> It is said that Blair was a [[freedman]]. When his patents were granted, United States patent law allowed freed and enslaved people to obtain patents. In 1857, this law was challenged by an enslaver who claimed that he owned "all the fruits of the slave's labor," including their inventions. This resulted in a change of the law in 1858, which stated that enslaved people were not citizens and could not hold patents. Blair died in 1860.<ref name="SpangenburgMoser2003"/> In 1871, six years after the [[American Civil War]] ended, the law was changed to grant all men patent rights.


== References ==
== References ==


{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
his real name is tom


==External links==
==External links==
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Blair, Henry}}
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[[Category:Farmers from Maryland]]
[[Category:Farmers from Maryland]]
[[Category:1860 deaths]]
[[Category:1860 deaths]]
[[Category:1807 births]]
[[Category:1800s births]]
[[Category:People from Montgomery County, Maryland]]
[[Category:People from Montgomery County, Maryland]]
[[Category:African-American inventors]]
[[Category:African-American inventors]]
[[Category:African-American history of Montgomery County, Maryland]]
[[Category:African-American history of Montgomery County, Maryland]]
[[Category:African-American farmers]]
[[Category:African-American farmers]]
[[Category:American farmers]]
[[Category:19th-century American farmers]]

Latest revision as of 20:26, 11 August 2024

For other people named Henry Blair, see Henry Blair (disambiguation).
Henry Blair
The drawing of the Seed-Planter by Blair used on the patent application in 1836.
Born
Henry Blaire

c. 1807
Glen Ross, Maryland, United States
Died1860
NationalityAmerican
Occupation(s)Inventor
Farmers
Known forThe second African American to obtain a patent

Henry Blair (c. 1807–1860) was the second African American inventor to receive a US patent.[1]

He was born in Glen Ross, Maryland, United States, in 1807. His first invention was the Seed-Planter,[2] patented October 14, 1834, which allowed farmers to plant more corn using less labor and in a shorter time. On August 31, 1836, he obtained a second patent for a cotton planter.[3] This invention worked by splitting the ground with two shovel-like blades which a horse pulled along. A wheel-driven cylinder followed, dropping the seed into the newly plowed ground.[1] Blair had been a successful farmer for years and developed the inventions to increase efficiency in farming.[4]

In the patent records, Blair is listed as a "colored man," making this identification the only one of its kind in early patent records. Blair was illiterate; therefore he signed his patents with an "x".[5] It is said that Blair was a freedman. When his patents were granted, United States patent law allowed freed and enslaved people to obtain patents. In 1857, this law was challenged by an enslaver who claimed that he owned "all the fruits of the slave's labor," including their inventions. This resulted in a change of the law in 1858, which stated that enslaved people were not citizens and could not hold patents. Blair died in 1860.[3] In 1871, six years after the American Civil War ended, the law was changed to grant all men patent rights.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Henry Blair". Inventors. The Black Inventor On-Line Museum. 2011. Archived from the original on 18 August 2013. Retrieved 13 November 2011.
  2. ^ The Mechanics' magazine, museum, register, journal, and gazette. M. Salmon. 1836. pp. 320–. Retrieved 13 November 2011.
  3. ^ a b Ray Spangenburg; Diane Moser (March 2003). African Americans in science, math, and invention. Infobase Publishing. pp. 15–16. ISBN 978-0-8160-4806-9. Retrieved 13 November 2011.
  4. ^ "The Black Inventor On-line Museum." Accessed December 4, 2012. http://www.blackinventor.com/pages/henry-blair.html Archived 2013-08-18 at the Wayback Machine.
  5. ^ "Henry Blair". Projects by Students for Students. Many of Maryland's Distinguished African Americans. Archived from the original on 28 July 2011. Retrieved 13 November 2011.
[edit]
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