Miss Universe 1993: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox beauty pageant |
{{Infobox beauty pageant |
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| photo = File:Dayanara Torres 2011.jpg |
| photo = File:Dayanara Torres 2011.jpg |
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| caption= |
| caption= Dayanara Torres |
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| winner = |
| winner = [[Dayanara Torres]] |
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| congeniality = Jamila Haruna Danzuru <br> |
| congeniality = Jamila Haruna Danzuru <br> Ghana |
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| photogenic =Eugenia Santana <br> |
| photogenic =Eugenia Santana <br> Spain |
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| best national costume = Ine Beate Strand <br> |
| best national costume = Ine Beate Strand <br> Norway |
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| date = 21 May 1993 |
| date = 21 May 1993 |
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| presenters = {{Hlist|[[Dick Clark]]|[[Cecilia Bolocco]]|[[Angela Visser]]}} |
| presenters = {{Hlist|[[Dick Clark]]|[[Cecilia Bolocco]]|[[Angela Visser]]}} |
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| venue = [[National Auditorium|Auditorio Nacional]], [[Mexico City]], [[Mexico]] |
| venue = [[National Auditorium|Auditorio Nacional]], [[Mexico City]], [[Mexico]] |
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| broadcaster = [[CBS]] |
| broadcaster = {{Hlist|[[CBS]]|[[XHTVM-TDT|TV Azteca]]}} |
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| entrants = 79 |
| entrants = 79 |
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| placements = 10 |
| placements = 10 |
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| debuts = {{Hlist| |
| debuts = {{Hlist|Czech Republic|Estonia|Swaziland}} |
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| withdraws = {{Hlist| |
| withdraws = {{Hlist|Bermuda|CIS|Cook Islands|Czechoslovakia|Egypt|Kenya|Taiwan}} |
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| returns = {{Hlist| |
| returns = {{Hlist|Belize|Ghana|Hong Kong|Italy|Trinidad and Tobago}} |
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| before = [[Miss Universe 1992|1992]] |
| before = [[Miss Universe 1992|1992]] |
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| next = [[Miss Universe 1994|1994]] |
| next = [[Miss Universe 1994|1994]] |
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|represented=Puerto Rico}} |
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}} |
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'''Miss Universe 1993''' |
'''Miss Universe 1993''' was the 42nd [[Miss Universe]] pageant, held on 21 May 1993 at the Auditorio Nacional in [[Mexico City]], [[Mexico]]. At the event's conclusion, [[Dayanara Torres]] of [[Puerto Rico]] was crowned Miss Universe by outgoing titleholder [[Michelle McLean]] of [[Namibia]].<ref name="boo">{{cite news|title=Miss Puerto Rico crowned 1993 Miss Universe|publisher=Reuters|date=1993-05-22}}</ref> Seventy-nine contestants competed in the pageant. |
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The pageant was hosted by [[Dick Clark]] for the fourth and final time, with |
The pageant was hosted by [[Dick Clark]] for the fourth and final time, with commentary from former Miss Universe titleholders [[Cecilia Bolocco]] (1987) and [[Angela Visser]] (1989).<ref>{{cite press release|title=1993 MISS UNIVERSE Pageant hosted by Dick Clark in Mexico City to be broadcast live, May 21, on CBS Television Network |date=1993-04-20|publisher=Business Wire}}</ref> |
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This was the third time the pageant was held in Mexico, two years after [[Lupita Jones]] won Mexico's first Miss Universe title in 1991. In the weeks prior to the final telecast, the contestants visited [[Campeche]], [[Oaxaca]], [[Zacatecas]], [[Querétaro]] and the Mexican borough of [[Xochimilco]] for official events and |
This was the third time the pageant was held in Mexico, two years after [[Lupita Jones]] won Mexico's first Miss Universe title in 1991. In the weeks prior to the final telecast, the contestants visited [[Campeche]], [[Oaxaca]], [[Zacatecas]], [[Querétaro]] and the Mexican borough of [[Xochimilco]] for official events and sightseeing.<ref>{{cite news|title=Mexico to host Miss Universe pageant with emphasis on "smarts"|date=1993-04-13|publisher=Reuters}}</ref> |
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== Background == |
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[[File:Mexnacional1.png|thumb|National Auditorium, the venue of the pageant|250x250px]] |
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=== Location and date === |
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On 13 July 1992, Miss Universe Inc. and Canal 13 Mexico director Romeo Flores announced that this edition would happen at the [[Auditorio Nacional (Mexico)|Auditorio Nacional]] in Mexico City.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|date=15 July 1992|title=Miss Universo será elegida el año próximo en México|language=es|trans-title=Miss Universe will be elected next year in Mexico|pages=2B|work=La Opinion|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Gn9EAAAAIBAJ&sjid=K7UMAAAAIBAJ&pg=4353%2C3990666|access-date=9 June 2024|via=Google News Archive}}</ref> The hosting of Miss Universe in Mexico is supported by the then-president of Mexico, [[Carlos Salinas de Gortari]].<ref name=":1" /> Aside from Mexico City, the candidates also visited the states of [[Campeche]], [[Oaxaca]], [[Zacatecas]], [[Querétaro]], and the borough of [[Xochimilco]] for official activities before the final competition.<ref name=":7">{{Cite news|date=22 May 1993|title=Puerto Rico Contestant Crowned New Miss Universe|language=en|pages=11|work=Sun Journal|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ZfwpAAAAIBAJ&sjid=3mUFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3676%2C5258211|access-date=9 June 2024|via=Google News Archive}}</ref> |
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A few days before the final competition, the president of the Miss Mexico Organization, Carlos Guerrero, announced that Miss Universe would be held in Mexico again in [[Miss Universe 1995|1995]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=22 May 1993|title=Acapulco to host Miss Universe|language=en|pages=10|work=Oxnard Press-Courier|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=32RLAAAAIBAJ&sjid=9CMNAAAAIBAJ&pg=2144%2C4942058|access-date=9 June 2024|via=Google News Archive}}</ref> Negotiations did not push through, and the competition occurred in Namibia, the first African country to host Miss Universe. Miss Universe was held again in Mexico in 2007.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=12 February 2007|title=México será sede de Miss Universo 2007|trans-title=Mexico will host Miss Universe 2007|url=https://www.elsiglodetorreon.com.mx/noticia/2007/mexico-sera-sede-de-miss-universo-2007.html|access-date=9 June 2024|website=El Siglo de Torreón|language=es}}</ref> |
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=== Selection of participants === |
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Contestants from seventy-nine countries and territories were selected to compete in the pageant. One contestant was selected to replace the original dethroned winner. |
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==== Replacements ==== |
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The winner of Eesti [[Miss Estonia|Miss Estonia 1993]], Lilia Üksvärav was replaced due to being underage. Her first runner up – Kersti Tänavsuu – made the first ever debut of Estonia at Miss Universe pageant.<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 June 2018|title=Miss Estonia Lilia Kristianson läks abikaasast lahku|trans-title=Miss Estonia Lilia Kristianson broke up with her husband|url=https://kroonika.delfi.ee/artikkel/82738801/miss-estonia-lilia-kristianson-laks-abikaasast-lahku|access-date=9 June 2024|website=Kroonika|language=et}}</ref> |
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==== Debuts, returns and withdrawals ==== |
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This edition marked the debuts of the Czech Republic, Estonia, and Swaziland; and the returns of Belize, Ghana, Hong Kong, Italy, and Trinidad and Tobago, all of which last competed in [[Miss Universe 1991|1991]].<ref name=":4" /> Pavlína Babůrková of the Czech Republic was originally crowned as Miss Czechoslovakia 1992, but after the split of the Czech Republic and Slovakia, Babůrková represented the Czech Republic.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Remešová |first=Michaela |date=29 April 2022 |title=Miss ČSFR 1992 Pavlína Babůrková (49): Lásku přebrala zpěvačce Lucii Bílé! |trans-title=Miss ČSFR 1992 Pavlína Babůrková (49): Love took over from singer Lucia Bílé! |url=https://www.blesk.cz/clanek/celebrity-ceske-celebrity/710862/miss-csfr-1992-pavlina-baburkova-49-lasku-prebrala-zpevacce-lucii-bile.html |access-date=9 June 2024 |website=Blesk.cz |language=cs}}</ref> |
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Yuliya Etina of the Commonwealth of Independent States withdrew from the pageant due to undisclosed reasons, just a few days after arriving in Mexico.<ref>{{Cite news|date=24 March 1992|title="Mag ik nu bij Jeltsin op bezoek?"|language=nl|trans-title="Can I visit Yeltsin now?"|pages=5|work=De Telegraaf|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010646770:mpeg21:p005|access-date=9 June 2024|via=Delpher}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=22 March 1992|title=World News|language=en|pages=14|work=New Straits Times|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=nZ1YAAAAIBAJ&sjid=IJADAAAAIBAJ&pg=6736%2C463787|access-date=9 June 2024|via=Google News Archive}}</ref> The countries that form the Commonwealth of Independent States eventually competed separately beginning in 1994. Bermuda, the Cook Islands, Egypt, Kenya, and the Republic of China withdrew due to undisclosed reasons. |
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Indira Sudiro of Indonesia competed in this edition, but withdrew due to controversies surrounding her participation in the pageant.<ref>{{Cite news|date=21 April 1993|title=Jakarta's Miss Universe hopeful under fire|language=en|pages=17|work=The Straits Times|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/page/straitstimes19930421-1.1.17|access-date=9 June 2024|via=Google News Archive}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=29 April 1993|title=Jakarta pulls out of Miss Universe show at last minute|language=en|pages=13|work=The Straits Times|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19930429-1.2.22.11|access-date=9 June 2024|via=National Library Board}}</ref> |
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=== Incidents during the competition === |
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The pageant was marred by booing from the crowd following the failure of the Mexican delegate, Angelina González, to advance to the top 10 of the national costume competition or the finals as one of the top 10 semifinalists.<ref name="Straits Times">{{cite news|title=Puerto Rican beauty is Miss Universe |publisher=Straits Times|date=1993-05-23}}</ref> This was particularly directed towards [[Kenya Moore]] of the US, the country that owns the [[Miss Universe]] Organization.<ref name="boo"/> During the judges' introduction, booing increased especially after Mexican judges [[José Luis Cuevas]] and [[Miss Universe 1991]] [[Lupita Jones]] were introduced to the audience who held them responsible for Miss Mexico's non-placement. |
The pageant was marred by booing from the crowd following the failure of the Mexican delegate, Angelina González, to advance to the top 10 of the national costume competition or the finals as one of the top 10 semifinalists.<ref name="Straits Times">{{cite news|title=Puerto Rican beauty is Miss Universe |publisher=Straits Times|date=1993-05-23}}</ref> This was particularly directed towards [[Kenya Moore]] of the US, the country that owns the [[Miss Universe]] Organization.<ref name="boo"/> During the judges' introduction, booing increased especially after Mexican judges [[José Luis Cuevas]] and [[Miss Universe 1991]] [[Lupita Jones]] were introduced to the audience who held them responsible for Miss Mexico's non-placement. |
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This continued throughout the first two events of the night: the swimsuit and interview competition. The audience at National Auditorium only calmed down after the musical number with [[Michelle McLean]] and the delegates sang and danced to "[[Get on Your Feet]]" .<ref name="Straits Times"/> Generalized booing stopped and the competition continued with the evening gown event, the judges' questions, the final question and the crowning, without major incident.<ref name="Straits Times"/> |
This continued throughout the first two events of the night: the swimsuit and interview competition. The audience at National Auditorium only calmed down after the musical number with [[Michelle McLean]] and the delegates sang and danced to "[[Get on Your Feet]]" .<ref name="Straits Times"/> Generalized booing stopped and the competition continued with the evening gown event, the judges' questions, the final question and the crowning, without major incident.<ref name="Straits Times"/> |
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[[File:Miss Universe 1993 opening titles.jpg|thumb|250px|Miss Universe 1993 Titlecard]] |
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==Results== |
==Results== |
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[[Image:Miss Universe 1993 Map.PNG|thumb|250px| |
[[Image:Miss Universe 1993 Map.PNG|thumb|250px|Miss Universe 1993 participating countries and territories]] |
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[[File:Mexnacional1.png|thumb|right|National Auditorium, Mexico City]] |
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===Placements=== |
===Placements=== |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;" |
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;" |
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|- |
|- |
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! Placement |
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! Final results |
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! Contestant |
! Contestant |
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|- |
|- |
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| |
| Miss Universe 1993 |
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| |
| |
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* {{flag|Puerto Rico|1952}} – [[Dayanara Torres]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=|date=22 May 1993|title=Miss Universe is 18-year-old Puerto Rican|url=https://www.deseret.com/1993/5/22/19047980/miss-universe-is-18-year-old-puerto-rican|access-date=9 June 2024|website=Deseret News|language=en}}</ref> |
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* '''{{flag|Puerto Rico|1952}} – [[Dayanara Torres]]''' |
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|- |
|- |
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| |
| 1st runner-up |
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| |
| |
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* |
* {{flag|Colombia}} – [[Paula Andrea Betancur]]<ref name=":0" /> |
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|- |
|- |
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| |
| 2nd runner-up |
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| |
| |
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* |
* {{flag|Republic of Venezuela|1954|name=Venezuela}} – [[Milka Chulina]]<ref name=":0" /> |
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|- |
|- |
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| |
| Top 6 |
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| |
| |
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* |
* {{AUS}} – Voni Delfos<ref name=":0" /> |
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* |
* {{IND}} – [[Namrata Shirodkar]]<ref name=":0" /> |
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* |
* {{flag|United States}} – [[Kenya Moore]]<ref name=":0" /> |
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|- |
|- |
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| |
| Top 10 |
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| |
| |
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* |
* {{BRA}} – Leila Cristine Schuster<ref name=":0" /> |
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* |
* {{CZE}} – Pavlina Barbukova<ref name=":0" /> |
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* |
* {{FIN}} – Tarja Smura<ref name=":0" /> |
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* |
* {{ESP}} – Eugenia Santana<ref name=":0" /> |
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|} |
|} |
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=== |
=== Special awards === |
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{| class="wikitable sortable |
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;" |
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|- |
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! width="25%" |Nation |
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! Award |
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!Preliminary |
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! Winner |
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Average |
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! width="15%" |Interview |
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! width="15%" |Swimsuit |
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! width="15%" |Evening Gown |
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! width="15%" |Semifinal Average |
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!Top 6 Question |
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|- style="background-color:#FADADD;" |
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|'''{{flag|Puerto Rico|1952}}''' |
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|9.074 (8) |
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|9.114 (6) |
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|9.314 (6) |
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|9.507 (5) |
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|9.312 (4) |
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|9.640 (2) |
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|- |
|- |
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| Miss Photogenic |
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|- style="background-color:#eadafd;" |
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| |
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|'''{{COL}}''' |
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* {{ESP}} – Eugenia Santana |
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|9.217 (4) |
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|9.267 (4) |
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|9.508 (2) |
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|9.815 (1) |
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|9.530 (3) |
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|9.690 (1) |
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|- |
|- |
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| Miss Congeniality |
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|- style="background-color:#ccff99;" |
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| |
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|'''{{flag|Republic of Venezuela|1954|name=Venezuela}}''' |
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* {{GHA}} – Jamila Danzuru |
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|9.239 (2) |
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|9.843 (1) |
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|9.336 (6) |
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|9.526 (4) |
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|9.568 (1) |
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|9.630 (3) |
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|- |
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|- |
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|- style="background-color:#ffff99;" |
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|'''{{AUS}}''' |
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|9.102 (7) |
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|9.267 (2) |
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|9.624 (1) |
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|9.743 (2) |
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|9.545 (2) |
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|9.400 (4) |
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|- |
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|- style="background-color:#ffff99;" |
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|'''{{IND}}''' |
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|9.050 (9) |
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|8.886 (9) |
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|9.429 (3) |
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|9.582 (3) |
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|9.299 (5) |
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|8.750 (6) |
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|- |
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|- style="background-color:#ffff99;" |
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|'''{{USA}}''' |
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|9.238 (3) |
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|9.136 (5) |
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|9.367 (5) |
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|9.367 (7) |
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|9.290 (6) |
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|9.330 (5) |
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|- |
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|- |
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|'''{{Flag|Brazil|1968}}''' |
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|9.287 (1) |
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|8.936 (8) |
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|9.297 (7) |
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|9.496 (6) |
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|9.243 (7) |
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| rowspan="4" | |
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|- |
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|'''{{CZE}}''' |
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|8.990 (10) |
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|9.286 (3) |
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|9.154 (9) |
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|9.171 (8) |
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|9.204 (8) |
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|- |
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|'''{{FIN}}''' |
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|9.183 (6) |
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|9.043 (7) |
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|9.407 (4) |
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|9.091 (10) |
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|9.180 (9) |
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|- |
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|'''{{ESP}}''' |
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|9.202 (5) |
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|8.880 (10) |
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|8.914 (10) |
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|9.167 (9) |
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|8.987 (10) |
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|} |
|} |
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==== Best National Costume ==== |
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===Special Awards=== |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;" |
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;" |
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|- |
|- |
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! |
! Award |
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! |
! Winner |
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|- |
|- |
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| |
| Best National Costume |
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| |
| |
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* {{NOR}} – Ine Beate Strand<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|date=10 May 1993|title=Noruwega gana la fase de mejor traje nacional en "Miss Universo" 1993|language=es|trans-title=Noruwega wins the phase of best national costume in "Miss Universe" 1993|pages=8D|work=La Opinion|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GwJDAAAAIBAJ&sjid=dKwMAAAAIBAJ&pg=1248%2C2561394|access-date=9 June 2024|via=Google News Archive}}</ref> |
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* '''{{NOR}}''' – Ine Beate Strand |
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|- |
|- |
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| 1st runner-up |
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| '''Miss Photogenic''' |
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| |
| |
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* |
* {{LBN}} – Samaya Chadrawi<ref name=":3" /> |
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|- |
|- |
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| 2nd runner-up |
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| '''Miss Congeniality''' |
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| |
| |
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* |
* {{TUR}} – Ipek Gumusoglu<ref name=":3" /> |
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|} |
|} |
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'''Order of Announcements''' |
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'''Top 10''' |
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#{{flagu|Colombia}} |
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#{{flagu|Australia}} |
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#{{flagu|India}} |
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#{{flagu|Spain}} |
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#{{flagu|Czech Republic}} |
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#{{flagu|Puerto Rico|1952}} |
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#{{flagu|United States}} |
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#{{flagu|Brazil}} |
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#{{flagu|Finland}} |
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#'''{{flag|Republic of Venezuela|1954|name=Venezuela}}''' |
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'''Top 6''' |
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#'''{{flag|Republic of Venezuela|1954|name=Venezuela}}''' |
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#{{flagu|United States}} |
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#{{flagu|Australia}} |
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#{{flagu|Puerto Rico|1952}} |
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#{{flagu|India}} |
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#{{flagu|Colombia}} |
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'''Top 3''' |
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#{{flagu|Colombia}} |
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#'''{{flag|Republic of Venezuela|1954|name=Venezuela}}''' |
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#{{flagu|Puerto Rico|1952}} |
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==Contestants== |
==Contestants== |
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Seventy-nine contestants competed for the title. |
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{{div col|colwidth=30em}} |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;" |
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* '''{{ARG}}''' - Alicia Andrea Ramón |
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!Country/Territory |
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* '''{{ABW}}''' - Dyane Escalona |
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!Contestant |
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* '''{{AUS}}''' - Voni Delfos |
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!Age{{efn|Ages at the time of the pageant|name=A}} |
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* '''{{AUT}}''' - Rosemary Bruckner |
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!Hometown |
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* '''{{BHS}}''' - Marietta Ricina Sands |
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* '''{{BEL}}''' - Sandra Joine |
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* '''{{BLZ}}''' - Melanie Smith |
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* '''{{BOL}}''' - Roxana Arias Becerra |
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* '''{{BRA}}''' - Leila Schuster |
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* '''{{VGB}}''' - Rhonda Hodge |
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* '''{{BUL}}''' - Lilia Koeva |
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* '''{{CAN}}''' - Nancy Ann Elder |
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* '''{{flag|Cayman Islands|old}}''' - Pamela Ebanks |
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* '''{{CHL}}''' - Savka Pollak Tomasevic |
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* '''{{COL}}''' - [[Paula Andrea Betancur|Paula Andrea Betancur Arroyave]] |
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* '''{{CRI}}''' - Catalina Rodriguez |
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* '''{{CUW}}''' - Elsa Roozendal |
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* '''{{Flag|Cyprus|1960}}''' - Photini Spyridonos |
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* '''{{CZE}}''' - Pavlina Baburkova |
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* '''{{DNK}}''' - Maria Hirse |
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* '''{{DOM}}''' - Odalisse Rodriguez |
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* '''{{Flag|Ecuador|1900}}''' - Arianna Mandini Klein |
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* '''{{SLV}}''' - Katherine Mendez |
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* '''{{EST}}''' - Kersti Tänavsuu |
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* '''{{FIN}}''' - Tarja Smura |
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* '''{{FRA}}''' - Veronique de la Cruz |
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* '''{{GER}}''' - [[Verona Pooth|Verona Feldbusch]] |
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* '''{{GHA}}''' - Jamila Haruna Danzuru |
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* '''{{flag|Great Britain}}''' - Kathryn Middleton |
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* '''{{GRC}}''' - Kristina Manoussi |
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* '''{{GUM}}''' - Charlene Gumataotao |
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* '''{{GTM}}''' - Diana Galván |
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* '''{{flag|Honduras|1949}}''' - Denia Marlen Reyes |
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* '''{{flag|British Hong Kong|name=Hong Kong}}''' - Emily Lo |
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* '''{{HUN}}''' - Zsanna Pardy |
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* '''{{ISL}}''' - Maria Run Haflidadóttir |
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* '''{{IND}}''' - [[Namrata Shirodkar]] |
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* '''{{IRL}}''' - Sharon Ellis |
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* '''{{ISR}}''' - Yana Khodyrker |
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* '''{{ITA}}''' - Elisa Jacassi |
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* '''{{JAM}}''' - [[Rachel Stuart]] |
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* '''{{flag|Japan|1870}}''' - Yukiko Shiki |
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* '''{{LBN}}''' - Samaya Chadrawi |
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* '''{{LUX}}''' - Nathalie dos Santos |
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* '''{{MYS}}''' - Lucy Narayanasamy |
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* '''{{MLT}}''' - Roberta Borg |
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* '''{{MUS}}''' - Danielle Pascal |
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* '''{{MEX}}''' - Angelina González |
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* '''{{NAM}}''' - Anja Schroder |
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* '''{{NLD}}''' - Angelique van Zalen |
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* '''{{NZL}}''' - Karly Dawn Kinnaird |
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* '''{{NIC}}''' - Luisa Amalia Urcuyo |
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* '''{{NGA}}''' - Rhihole Gbinigie |
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* '''{{MNP}}''' - Victoria Taisakan Todela |
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* '''{{NOR}}''' - Ine Beate Strand |
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* '''{{PAN}}''' - [[Giselle González (beauty pageant titleholder)|Giselle Amelia Gonzales]] |
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* '''{{flag|Paraguay|1990}}''' - Carolina Barrios |
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* '''{{PER}}''' - Déborah de Souza-Peixoto |
|||
* '''{{flag|Philippines|1986}}''' - Melinda Joanna Tanseco Gallardo |
|||
* '''{{POL}}''' - Marzena Wolska |
|||
* '''{{POR}}''' - Carla Marisa da Cruz |
|||
* '''{{flag|Puerto Rico|1952}}''' - '''[[Dayanara Torres]]''' |
|||
* '''{{ROM}}''' - Angelica Nicoara |
|||
* '''{{SIN}}''' - Renagah Devi |
|||
* '''{{flag|South Korea|1949}}''' - Yoo Ha-young |
|||
* '''{{ESP}}''' - Eugenia Santana |
|||
* '''{{LKA}}''' - Chamila Wickramesinghe |
|||
* '''{{SUR}}''' - Jean Zhang |
|||
* '''{{flag|Swaziland}}''' - Danila Faias |
|||
* '''{{SWE}}''' - [[Johanna Lind]] |
|||
* '''{{CHE}}''' - Valérie Bovard |
|||
* '''{{THA}}''' - Chattharika Ubolsiri |
|||
* '''{{TTO}}''' - Rachel Charles |
|||
* '''{{TUR}}''' - Ipek Gumusoglu |
|||
* '''{{TCA}}''' - Michelle Mills |
|||
* '''{{URY}}''' - María Fernanda Navarro |
|||
* '''{{USA}}''' - [[Kenya Moore]] |
|||
* '''{{VIR}}''' - Cheryl Simpson |
|||
* '''{{flag|Republic of Venezuela|1954|name=Venezuela}}''' - [[Milka Chulina|Milka Yelisava Chulina Urbanich]] |
|||
{{div col end}} |
|||
===Order of Introduction=== |
|||
The following table is the order of introduction in the Parade of Nations segment in the regional groups, randomly-ordered. |
|||
{| class="wikitable" |
|||
|+ |
|||
!Geographical Region / Continent |
|||
!Order of Country / Territory Introduction |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|{{ARG}} |
|||
|'''[[Asia]] and [[Australasia|The Land Down Under]]''' |
|||
|Alicia Andrea Ramón |
|||
| |
|||
|19 |
|||
* '''{{AUS}}''' |
|||
|[[Resistencia, Chaco|Resistencia]] |
|||
* '''{{Flag|Philippines|1986}}''' |
|||
* '''{{SGP}}''' |
|||
* '''{{IND}}''' |
|||
* '''{{MYS}}''' |
|||
* '''{{NZL}}''' |
|||
* '''{{LKA}}''' |
|||
* '''{{flag|British Hong Kong|name=Hong Kong}}''' |
|||
* '''{{THA}}''' |
|||
* '''{{JPN}}''' |
|||
* '''{{Flag|South Korea|1949|name=Korea}}''' |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|{{ARU}} |
|||
|'''[[Europe]] and The [[British Isles]]''' |
|||
|Dyane Escalona<ref>{{Cite news|date=1 April 1993|title=Miss Universe bezoekt Aruba|language=nl|trans-title=Miss Universe visits Aruba|pages=5|work=Amigoe|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010645009:mpeg21:p005|access-date=5 June 2024|via=Delpher}}</ref> |
|||
| |
|||
|19 |
|||
* '''{{POL}}''' |
|||
|[[Oranjestad, Aruba|Oranjestad]] |
|||
* '''{{NLD}}''' |
|||
* '''{{FRA}}''' |
|||
* '''{{SWE}}''' |
|||
* '''{{LUX}}''' |
|||
* '''{{AUT}}''' |
|||
* '''{{ISL}}''' |
|||
* '''{{BEL}}''' |
|||
* '''{{POR}}''' |
|||
* '''{{CZE}}''' |
|||
* '''{{CHE}}''' |
|||
* '''{{FIN}}''' |
|||
* '''{{DNK}}''' |
|||
* '''{{Flag|Great Britain}}''' |
|||
* '''{{NOR}}''' |
|||
* '''{{IRL}}''' |
|||
* '''{{DEU}}''' |
|||
* '''{{BUL}}''' |
|||
* '''{{HUN}}''' |
|||
* '''{{ROU}}''' |
|||
* '''{{EST}}''' |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|{{AUS}} |
|||
|[[Island country|'''The Islands''']] |
|||
|Voni Delfos<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sandoval|first=Gina|date=24 May 1993|title=Nueva Miss Universo dice ser 'todo Puerto Rico'|language=es|trans-title=New Miss Universe claims to be 'all Puerto Rico'|pages=4D|work=La Opinion|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=KQJDAAAAIBAJ&sjid=dKwMAAAAIBAJ&pg=1519%2C6464518|access-date=5 June 2024|via=[[Google News Archive]]}}</ref> |
|||
| |
|||
|18 |
|||
* '''{{MNP}}''' |
|||
|[[Brisbane]] |
|||
* '''{{MUS}}''' |
|||
* '''{{GUM}}''' |
|||
* '''{{BHS}}''' |
|||
* '''{{TTO}}''' |
|||
* '''{{DOM}}''' |
|||
* '''{{JAM}}''' |
|||
* '''{{CUW}}''' |
|||
* '''{{Flag|Cayman Islands|old}}''' |
|||
* '''{{VGB}}''' |
|||
* '''{{TCA}}''' |
|||
* '''{{PRI}}''' |
|||
* '''{{ABW}}''' |
|||
* '''{{VIR}}''' |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|{{AUT}} |
|||
|'''[[South America]]''' |
|||
|Rosemary Bruckner |
|||
| |
|||
|21 |
|||
* '''{{CHL}}''' |
|||
|[[Vienna]] |
|||
* '''{{COL}}''' |
|||
* '''{{flag|Brazil|1989}}''' |
|||
* '''{{flag|Ecuador|1900}}''' |
|||
* '''{{flag|Republic of Venezuela|1954|name=Venezuela}}''' |
|||
* '''{{SUR}}''' |
|||
* '''{{PER}}''' |
|||
* '''{{ARG}}''' |
|||
* '''{{URY}}''' |
|||
* '''{{BOL}}''' |
|||
* '''{{flag|Paraguay|1990}}''' |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|{{BAH}} |
|||
|'''[[Mediterranean Basin|Mediterranean]], [[Middle East]], and [[Africa]]''' |
|||
|Marietta Ricina Sands |
|||
| |
|||
|24 |
|||
* '''{{ISR}}''' |
|||
|[[Nassau, Bahamas|Nassau]] |
|||
* '''{{LBN}}''' |
|||
* '''{{Flag|Cyprus|1960}}''' |
|||
* '''{{GRC}}''' |
|||
* '''{{ITA}}''' |
|||
* '''{{ESP}}''' |
|||
* '''{{TUR}}''' |
|||
* '''{{MLT}}''' |
|||
* '''{{GHA}}''' |
|||
* '''{{NAM}}''' |
|||
* '''{{flag|Swaziland}}''' |
|||
* '''{{NGA}}''' |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|{{BEL}} |
|||
|'''[[Central America|Central]] and [[North America]]''' |
|||
|Sandra Joine<ref>{{Cite web|last=Van de Wal|first=Veerle|date=6 December 2021|title=Gewezen Miss België Sandra Joine raakte zwaar verslaafd na het verlies van haar droomjob: "M’n zoon wil me nu niet meer zien"|url=https://www.hln.be/showbizz/gewezen-miss-belgie-sandra-joine-raakte-zwaar-verslaafd-na-het-verlies-van-haar-droomjob-mn-zoon-wil-me-nu-niet-meer-zien~a31b72cd/|access-date=5 June 2024|website=[[Het Laatste Nieuws]]|language=nl}}</ref> |
|||
| |
|||
|24 |
|||
* '''{{PAN}}''' |
|||
|[[Antwerp]] |
|||
* '''{{NIC}}''' |
|||
|- |
|||
* '''{{CRI}}''' |
|||
|{{BLZ}} |
|||
|Melanie Smith |
|||
* '''{{SLV}}''' |
|||
|20 |
|||
* '''{{flag|Honduras|1949}}''' |
|||
|[[Belize City]] |
|||
* '''{{BLZ}}''' |
|||
|- |
|||
* '''{{CAN}}''' |
|||
|{{BOL}} |
|||
|Roxana Arias<ref>{{Cite web|date=29 July 2017|title=El título les dio alegrías, trabajo y fama que aún saborean|url=https://eldeber.com.bo/sociales/el-titulo-les-dio-alegrias-trabajo-y-fama-que-aun-saborean_32650|access-date=5 June 2024|website=El Deber|language=es-ES}}</ref> |
|||
* '''{{MEX}}''' |
|||
|19 |
|||
|[[Santa Cruz de la Sierra]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{BRA}} |
|||
|Leila Schuster<ref>{{Cite web|last=|date=29 September 2022|title=Conheça a história do Miss Brasil|url=https://www.terra.com.br/diversao/tv/miss-brasil/conheca-a-historia-do-miss-brasil,ae08a161bab6d310VgnCLD200000bbcceb0aRCRD.html|access-date=5 June 2024|website=Terra|language=pt-BR}}</ref> |
|||
|21 |
|||
|[[São Paulo]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{VGB}} |
|||
|Rhonda Hodge |
|||
|19 |
|||
|[[Road Town]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{BUL}} |
|||
|Lilia Koeva |
|||
|18 |
|||
|[[Sofia]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{CAN}} |
|||
|Nancy Ann Elder<ref>{{Cite news|date=16 May 1993|title=Universal beauties|language=en|pages=5B|work=Gainesville Sun|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=hUZWAAAAIBAJ&sjid=buoDAAAAIBAJ&pg=2311%2C4762486|access-date=5 June 2024|via=Google News Archive}}</ref> |
|||
|21 |
|||
|[[Calgary]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{flag|Cayman Islands|old}} |
|||
|Pamela Ebanks<ref>{{Cite web|date=12 July 2022|title=Miss World Cayman Islands 2022 Contestants Sashed|url=https://www.caymaniantimes.ky/news/miss-world-cayman-islands-2022-contestants-sashed|access-date=5 June 2024|website=Caymanian Times|language=en}}</ref> |
|||
|19 |
|||
|[[George Town, Cayman Islands|George Town]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{CHL}} |
|||
|Savka Pollak<ref name=":6">{{Cite news|date=5 May 1993|title=Las bellas se preparan|language=es|trans-title=The beauties get ready|pages=2B|work=La Opinion|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=FgJDAAAAIBAJ&sjid=dKwMAAAAIBAJ&pg=1221%2C981740|access-date=6 June 2024|via=Google News Archive}}</ref> |
|||
|19 |
|||
|[[Santiago]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{COL}} |
|||
|[[Paula Andrea Betancur]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Luna|first=Maria del Pilar C.|date=16 November 1992|title=Llegó el momento de la hora cero en el Reinado Nacional de la Belleza|url=https://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/MAM-241846|access-date=6 June 2024|website=El Tiempo|language=es}}</ref> |
|||
|21 |
|||
|[[Leticia, Amazonas|Leticia]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{CRI}} |
|||
|Catalina Rodriguez<ref>{{Cite news|last=López|first=Efrén|date=19 April 2016|title=Katarina Rodríguez desea volver a la televisión|language=es|trans-title=Katarina Rodríguez wants to return to television|work=La Nacion|url=https://www.nacion.com/viva/television/katarina-rodriguez-desea-volver-a-la-television/6GRYF43DIFHFLJXWN56I3JKC4M/story/|access-date=6 June 2024}}</ref> |
|||
|19 |
|||
|[[Heredia, Costa Rica|Heredia]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{CUW}} |
|||
|Elsa Roozendal<ref>{{Cite news|date=6 July 1992|title=Miss Curacao 1992|language=nl|pages=2|work=Amigoe|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010644142:mpeg21:p002|access-date=6 June 2024|via=Delpher}}</ref> |
|||
|19 |
|||
|[[Willemstad]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{Flag|Cyprus|1960}} |
|||
|Photini Spyridonos |
|||
|19 |
|||
|[[Larnaca]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{CZE}} |
|||
|Pavlína Babůrková<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|last=Šaléová|first=Lucie|date=30 March 2023|title=Konečně se ukázala lidem! Sexy Baburková opustila luxusní vilu a objevila se ve společnosti|trans-title=She finally showed herself to the people! Sexy Baburková left the luxury villa and appeared in society|url=https://www.expres.cz/celebrity/pavlina-baburkova-petr-kratochvil-petr-berounsky-krest-knihy-modelka-miss.A230329_233114_dx-celebrity_sal|access-date=6 June 2024|website=Expres.cz|language=cs}}</ref> |
|||
|19 |
|||
|[[Nový Bor]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{DNK}} |
|||
|Maria Hirse<ref>{{Cite web|date=24 November 1993|title=Denmark's beauty breezes in for fun|url=https://www.scmp.com/article/53019/denmarks-beauty-breezes-fun|access-date=9 June 2024|website=South China Morning Post|language=en}}</ref> |
|||
|21 |
|||
|[[Copenhagen]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{DOM}} |
|||
|Odalisse Rodriguez<ref>{{Cite web|date=11 August 2006|title=1981-2006 Reinado de Reinas|trans-title=1981-2006 Reign of Queens|url=https://hoy.com.do/1981-2006-reinado-de-reinas/|access-date=9 June 2024|website=Hoy Digital|language=es}}</ref> |
|||
|21 |
|||
|[[Santo Domingo]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{Flag|Ecuador|1900}} |
|||
|Arianna Mandini Klein<ref>{{Cite news|date=9 May 1993|title=Concursantes de Miss Universe disfrutan estancia en México|language=es|trans-title=Miss Universe contestants enjoy stay in Mexico|pages=6C|work=La Opinion|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GgJDAAAAIBAJ&sjid=dKwMAAAAIBAJ&pg=1540%2C2210391|access-date=9 June 2024|via=Google News Archive}}</ref> |
|||
|19 |
|||
|[[Guayaquil]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{SLV}} |
|||
|Katherine Mendez<ref>{{Cite news|date=17 May 1993|title=Centroamerica es linda|language=es|trans-title=Central America is beautiful|pages=4D|work=La Opinion|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=IgJDAAAAIBAJ&sjid=dKwMAAAAIBAJ&pg=1157%2C4479023|access-date=9 June 2024|via=Google News Archive}}</ref> |
|||
|20 |
|||
|[[San Salvador]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{EST}} |
|||
|Kersti Tänavsuu<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaupmees |first=Greta |date=10 July 2002 |title=Kerstit tõmbab vee alla |trans-title=Kerstit is pulled under the water |url=https://www.ohtuleht.ee/elu/125205/kerstit-tombab-vee-alla |access-date=9 June 2024 |website=Ohtuleht |language=et}}</ref> |
|||
|20 |
|||
|[[Tallinn]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{FIN}} |
|||
|Tarja Smura<ref>{{Cite web|last=Manninen|first=Tea|date=21 February 2018|title=Miss Suomi 1993 Tarja Smura selitti tv-kuvauksissa, miksi kohusuhde Renny Harlinin kanssa päättyi kuin salamaniskusta – ”Silmäni näkivät jotain sellaista...”|trans-title=Miss Finland 1993 Tarja Smura explained during the TV filming why her stormy relationship with Renny Harlin ended like a lightning strike - "My eyes saw something like that..."|url=https://www.is.fi/viihde/art-2000005575851.html|access-date=9 June 2024|website=Ilta-Sanomat|language=fi}}</ref> |
|||
|22 |
|||
|[[Helsinki]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{FRA}} |
|||
|Veronique de la Cruz<ref>{{Cite web|last=Belicourt|first=Elvira|date=30 March 2023|title=Véronique De La Cruz: la nouvelle vie de la Miss France 1993 à l'autre bout du monde|trans-title=Véronique De La Cruz: the new life of Miss France 1993 on the other side of the world|url=https://www.voici.fr/news-people/veronique-de-la-cruz-la-nouvelle-vie-de-la-miss-france-1993-a-lautre-bout-du-monde-753222|access-date=9 June 2024|website=Voici|language=fr}}</ref> |
|||
|18 |
|||
|[[Guadeloupe]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{GER}} |
|||
|[[Verona Pooth|Verona Feldbusch]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ratering|first=Laura|date=11 December 2022|title=Verona Pooth kehrt zurück: Nach 23 Jahren bekommt sie wieder eine eigene Talkshow|url=https://www.tag24.de/unterhaltung/promis/verona-pooth/verona-pooth-kehrt-zurueck-nach-23-jahren-bekommt-sie-wieder-eine-eigene-talkshow-2687846|access-date=9 June 2024|website=TAG24|language=de}}</ref> |
|||
|25 |
|||
|[[Hamburg]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{GHA}} |
|||
|Jamila Haruna Danzuru |
|||
|25 |
|||
|[[Kumasi]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{flag|Great Britain}} |
|||
|Kathryn Middleton |
|||
|24 |
|||
|[[Chesterfield, Derbyshire|Chesterfield]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{GRC}} |
|||
|Kristina Manoussi |
|||
|21 |
|||
|[[Athens]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{GUM}} |
|||
|Charlene Gumataotao |
|||
|21 |
|||
|[[Hågat, Guam|Hågat]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{GTM}} |
|||
|Diana Galván<ref>{{Cite news|last=Fuentes-Salinas|first=Jose|date=19 September 1993|title=La suerte de las feas, las bonitas la desean, dice Diana Galvan, Señorita Guatemala|language=es|trans-title=The luck of the ugly ones, the pretty ones wish it, says Diana Galván, Miss Guatemala|pages=1C, 3C|work=La Opinion|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Z35EAAAAIBAJ&sjid=2bMMAAAAIBAJ&pg=6064%2C5025004|access-date=9 June 2024|via=Google News Archive}}</ref> |
|||
|19 |
|||
|[[Guatemala City]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{flag|Honduras|1949}} |
|||
|Denia Reyes<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gámez|first=Sabino|date=25 April 2008|title=El Miss Honduras, una historia que contar|url=https://www.laprensa.hn/espectaculos/el-miss-honduras-una-historia-que-contar-ATLP695720|access-date=9 June 2024|website=La Prensa|language=es-HN}}</ref> |
|||
|18 |
|||
|[[La Ceiba]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{flag|British Hong Kong|name=Hong Kong}} |
|||
|Emily Lo<ref>{{Cite news|date=9 June 1992|title=New Miss HK a student|language=en|pages=10|work=[[The Straits Times]]|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/page/straitstimes19920609-1.1.10|access-date=9 June 2024|via=National Library Board}}</ref> |
|||
|19 |
|||
|Hong Kong |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{HUN}} |
|||
|Zsanna Pardy |
|||
|20 |
|||
|[[Balatonfüred]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{ISL}} |
|||
|Maria Run Haflidadóttir<ref>{{Cite news|date=4 May 1993|title=Fyrirsætustarfið bíður í bili|language=is|trans-title=The modelling job is on hold for now|pages=47|work=Morgunblaðið|url=https://timarit.is/page/1784661?iabr=on|access-date=9 June 2024|via=Tímarit.is}}</ref> |
|||
|20 |
|||
|[[Reykjavík]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{IND}} |
|||
|[[Namrata Shirodkar]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 January 2022|title=When Namrata and Pooja competed against each other for 1993 Miss India crown|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/when-namrata-shirodkar-pooja-batra-competed-against-each-other-for-1993-miss-india-crown-answered-chicken-egg-question-101642768638043.html|access-date=9 June 2024|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> |
|||
|22 |
|||
|[[Mumbai|Bombay]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{IRL}} |
|||
|Sharon Ellis<ref>{{Cite news|last=Boyle|first=Anne|date=23 August 1997|title=So where are you now, Miss Ireland?|language=en|work=The Mirror|url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/SO+WHERE+ARE+YOU+NOW%2CMISS+IRELAND%3F-a061061390|access-date=9 June 2024|via=The Free Library}}</ref> |
|||
|22 |
|||
|[[Cork (city)|Cork]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{ISR}} |
|||
|Yana Khodyrker<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 March 2015|title=Behind the Headlines; 20-year-old Immigrant from Ukraine is Now the Beautiful Face of Israel|url=https://www.jta.org/archive/behind-the-headlines-20-year-old-immigrant-from-ukraine-is-now-the-beautiful-face-of-israel|access-date=9 June 2024|website=Jewish Telegraphic Agency|language=en-US}}</ref> |
|||
|20 |
|||
|[[Rehovot]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{ITA}} |
|||
|Elisa Jacassi<ref>{{Cite news|date=21 May 1993|title=Miss Universo Elisa Jacassi tra le favorite|language=it|trans-title=Miss Universe Elisa Jacassi among the favourites|pages=141|work=La Stampa|url=http://www.archiviolastampa.it/component/option,com_lastampa/task,search/mod,libera/action,viewer/Itemid,3/page,40/articleid,0787_01_1993_0138_0141_11107794/|access-date=9 June 2024}}</ref> |
|||
|21 |
|||
|[[Vercelli]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{JAM}} |
|||
|[[Rachel Stuart]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jackson|first=Kevin|date=12 March 2023|title=Rachel Stuart-Baker: 30 years after Miss Jamaica Universe|url=https://www.jamaicaobserver.com/entertainment/rachel-stuart-baker-30-years-after-miss-jamaica-universe/|access-date=9 June 2024|website=Jamaica Observer|language=en-US}}</ref> |
|||
|20 |
|||
|[[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{flag|Japan|1870}} |
|||
|Yukiko Shiki |
|||
|24 |
|||
|[[Takarazuka, Hyōgo|Takarazuka]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{LBN}} |
|||
|Samaya Chadrawi<ref name=":3" /> |
|||
|19 |
|||
|[[Jounieh]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{LUX}} |
|||
|Nathalie dos Santos |
|||
|18 |
|||
|[[Luxembourg City|Luxembourg]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{MYS}} |
|||
|Lucy Narayanasamy<ref>{{Cite news|last=Yap|first=Peter|date=26 January 1994|title=Moment of glory for new Miss Malaysia|language=en|pages=6|work=New Straits Times|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=STtOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=zxMEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6748%2C2520431|access-date=9 June 2024|via=Google News Archive}}</ref> |
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|18 |
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|[[Banting]] |
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|- |
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|{{MLT}} |
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|Roberta Borg |
|||
|18 |
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|[[Qormi]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{MUS}} |
|||
|Danielle Pascal<ref>{{Cite news|date=26 October 1992|title=New Miss Mexico named|language=en|pages=9|work=The Press-Courier|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=bVFLAAAAIBAJ&sjid=dSMNAAAAIBAJ&pg=5252%2C6266007|access-date=9 June 2024|via=Google News Archive}}</ref> |
|||
|26 |
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|[[Port Louis]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{MEX}} |
|||
|Angelina González<ref>{{Cite news|last=Hartman|first=Adam|date=2 February 2010|title=Miss Swakopmund Contest Not Without a Controversy|language=en|work=The Namibian|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201002030772.html|access-date=9 June 2024|via=AllAfrica}}</ref> |
|||
|18 |
|||
|[[Campeche (city)|Campeche]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{NAM}} |
|||
|Anja Schroder |
|||
|23 |
|||
|[[Windhoek]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{NLD}} |
|||
|Angelique van Zalen<ref>{{Cite news|date=22 May 1992|title=Angelique van Zalen, Miss Universe Nederland '93|language=nl|trans-title=Angelique van Zalen, Miss Universe Netherlands '93|pages=3|work=De Telegraaf|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010691870:mpeg21:p003|access-date=9 June 2024|via=Delpher}}</ref> |
|||
|22 |
|||
|[[Heemstede]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{NZL}} |
|||
|Karly Kinnaird |
|||
|19 |
|||
|[[Auckland]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{NIC}} |
|||
|Luisa Urcuyo<ref>{{Cite web|date=12 October 2014|title=Luisa Amalia|url=https://www.laprensa.com.ni/magazine/a-rajatabla/luisa-amalia/|access-date=9 June 2024|website=La Prensa Nicaragua|language=es}}</ref> |
|||
|18 |
|||
|[[Managua]] |
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|- |
|||
|{{NGA}} |
|||
|Rhihole Gbinigie |
|||
|19 |
|||
|[[Lagos]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{MNP}} |
|||
|Victoria Todela<ref>{{Cite news|date=16 April 1993|title=Tudela wins '93 beauty pageant|language=en|volume=22|pages=2, 15|work=Marianas Variety|url=http://hdl.handle.net/10524/49982|access-date=9 June 2024|via=eVols}}</ref> |
|||
|20 |
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|[[Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands|Saipan]] |
|||
|- |
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|{{NOR}} |
|||
|Ine Beate Strand<ref name=":3" /> |
|||
|21 |
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|[[Buskerud]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{PAN}} |
|||
|[[Giselle González (beauty pageant titleholder)|Giselle González]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 January 2015|title=Estas son las panameñas que participaron de Miss Universo|url=https://www.telemetro.com/noticias/2015/01/07/panamenas-participaron-miss-universo/1656598.html|access-date=9 June 2024|website=Telemetro|language=es-PA}}</ref> |
|||
|20 |
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|[[Santiago de Veraguas]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{flag|Paraguay|1990}} |
|||
|Carolina Barrios<ref>{{Cite web |last=Coronel |first=Raul |date=15 October 2021 |title=Te presentamos a todas nuestras representantes en Miss Universe |trans-title=We introduce you to all our representatives in Miss Universe |url=http://www.epa.com.py/2021/10/15/te-presentamos-a-todas-nuestras-representantes-en-miss-universe/ |access-date=11 November 2022 |website=Epa! |language=es}}</ref> |
|||
|18 |
|||
|[[Encarnación, Paraguay|Encarnación]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{PER}} |
|||
|Déborah de Souza-Peixoto<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=12 November 2017|title=Miss Perú: las peruanas más bellas de las últimas décadas|url=https://elcomercio.pe/tvmas/farandula/miss-peru-peruanas-bellas-ultimas-decadas-noticia-473145-noticia/|access-date=9 June 2024|website=El Comercio Perú|language=es}}</ref> |
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|24 |
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|[[Lima]] |
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|- |
|||
|{{flag|Philippines|1986}} |
|||
|Melinda Joanna Gallardo<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|date=23 March 1993|title=And the winners are...|language=en|pages=1|work=Manila Standard|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=YLgmAAAAIBAJ&sjid=XgsEAAAAIBAJ&pg=2379%2C3161513|access-date=9 June 2024|via=[[Google News Archive]]}}</ref> |
|||
|22 |
|||
|[[Manila]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{POL}} |
|||
|Marzena Wolska<ref>{{Cite web|title=Miss Polonia 1992|url=https://stronakobiet.pl/ewa-wachowicz-nie-tylko-gotuje-przyblizamy-kariere-znanej-restauratorki-wyjatkowe-zdjecia-z-przeszlosci/gh/c17-16541989|access-date=9 June 2024|website=Strona Kobiet|language=pl-PL}}</ref> |
|||
|23 |
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|[[Warsaw]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{POR}} |
|||
|Marisa Cruz<ref>{{Cite web|last=|date=27 June 2023|title=Marisa Cruz: 49 anos e mais bela que nunca|trans-title=Marisa Cruz: 49 years old and more beautiful than ever|url=https://miranda.sapo.pt/outras-coisas/artigos/marisa-cruz-aniversario-looks-de-beleza|access-date=9 June 2024|website=Miranda|language=pt}}</ref> |
|||
|18 |
|||
|[[Lisbon]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{flag|Puerto Rico|1952}} |
|||
|[[Dayanara Torres]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Valdez|first=Cynthia|last2=Gomez|first2=Shirley|date=23 May 2023|title=Miss Universe 1993, Dayanara Torres, celebrates 30 years since she was crowned|url=https://www.hola.com/us/celebrities/20230523346047/dayanara-torres-miss-universe-30-years-anniversary/|access-date=9 June 2024|website=Hola!|language=en-US}}</ref> |
|||
|18 |
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|[[Toa Alta, Puerto Rico|Toa Alta]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{ROM}} |
|||
|Angelica Nicoara<ref>{{Cite web|last=Voicu|first=Andreea|date=5 February 2020|title=Poze inedite! Cum arătau primele Miss România! Mărioara a fost prima câștigătoare a concursului, în 1928|trans-title=Unique pictures! What did the first Miss Romania look like! Mărioara was the first winner of the contest, in 1928|url=https://ciao.ro/cum-aratau-primele-miss-romania-marioara-a-fost-prima-castigatoare-a-concursului-in-1928/|access-date=9 June 2024|website=Ciao.ro|language=ro}}</ref> |
|||
|20 |
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|[[Lipova, Arad|Lipova]] |
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|- |
|||
|{{SIN}} |
|||
|Renagah Devi<ref>{{Cite news|date=7 March 1993|title=Law student, 23, is Miss S'pore-Universe|language=en|pages=3|work=The Straits Times|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19930307-1.2.7.7|access-date=9 June 2024|via=National Library Board}}</ref> |
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|23 |
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|Singapore |
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|- |
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|{{flag|South Korea|1949}} |
|||
|Yoo Ha-young |
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|18 |
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|[[Seoul]] |
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|- |
|||
|{{ESP}} |
|||
|Eugenia Santana<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 March 2023|title=Eugenia Santana, Miss España 1992, relata su dramática historia tras ser noticia esta semana|trans-title=Eugenia Santana tells her dramatic story and confesses that she has inherited the degenerative disease from which her mother died|url=https://www.hola.com/actualidad/20230318228431/eugenia-santana-relata-dramatica-historia-confiesa-enfermedad-gt/|access-date=9 June 2024|website=Hola!|language=es}}</ref> |
|||
|19 |
|||
|[[Las Palmas]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{LKA}} |
|||
|Chamila Wickramesinghe |
|||
|21 |
|||
|[[Colombo]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{SUR}} |
|||
|Jean Zhang |
|||
|18 |
|||
|[[Paramaribo]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{flag|Swaziland}} |
|||
|Danila Faias |
|||
|18 |
|||
|[[Manzini]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{SWE}} |
|||
|[[Johanna Lind]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 March 2023|title=Allt om Johanna Lind Bagge: Livet med Anders Bagge, slottet, Fröken Sverige och ex-maken|trans-title=Johanna Lind Bagge: Everything about life with Anders Bagge, the castle, Miss Sweden and the ex-husband|url=https://nyheter24.se/noje/1135024-johanna-lind-bagge-allt-om-livet-med-anders-bagge-slottet-froken-sverige-och-ex-maken|access-date=9 June 2024|website=Nyheter24|language=sv}}</ref> |
|||
|21 |
|||
|[[Åtvidaberg]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{CHE}} |
|||
|Valérie Bovard<ref>{{Cite news|last=Thistle|first=Elizabeth|date=22 August 1998|title=Bientôt les lions d'orde Lausanne|language=fr|trans-title=Soon the lions of order Lausanne|work=Le Temps|url=https://www.letemps.ch/culture/bientot-lions-dorde-lausanne|access-date=9 June 2024|issn=1423-3967}}</ref> |
|||
|21 |
|||
|[[Vaud]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{THA}} |
|||
|Chattharika Ubolsiri |
|||
|21 |
|||
|[[Bangkok]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{TTO}} |
|||
|Rachel Charles |
|||
|19 |
|||
|[[Tobago]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{TUR}} |
|||
|Ipek Gumusoglu<ref name=":3" /> |
|||
|21 |
|||
|[[Istanbul]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{flag|Turks and Caicos}} |
|||
|Michelle Mills |
|||
|22 |
|||
|[[Grand Turk Island|Grand Turk]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{USA}} |
|||
|[[Kenya Moore]]<ref>{{Cite news|date=20 February 1993|title=Miss Michigan becomes second black Miss USA|language=en|pages=5|work=Florida Today|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15762927/florida-today/|access-date=9 June 2024|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> |
|||
|22 |
|||
|[[Detroit]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{VIR}} |
|||
|Cheryl Simpson |
|||
|19 |
|||
|[[Saint Croix]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{URY}} |
|||
|María Fernanda Navarro<ref name=":6" /> |
|||
|19 |
|||
|[[Montevideo]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{flag|Republic of Venezuela|1954|name=Venezuela}} |
|||
|[[Milka Chulina]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=16 January 2023|title=Miss Universo: las candidatas por Venezuela que estuvieron a punto de ganar el concurso|url=https://larepublica.pe/espectaculos/2023/01/13/miss-universo-candidatas-por-venezuela-que-estuvieron-a-punto-de-ganar-el-concurso-amanda-dudamel-biografia-las-siete-miss-venezuela-ganadoras-en-miss-universo-certamen-miss-universo-venezolanas-en-miss-universo-venezuela-lrtm|access-date=9 June 2024|website=La República|language=es}}</ref> |
|||
|19 |
|||
|[[Maracay]] |
|||
|} |
|} |
||
==Notes== |
==Notes== |
||
<references group="lower-alpha" responsive="1"></references> |
|||
===Debuts=== |
|||
* '''{{CZE}}''' - Though [[Czechoslovakia]] was split, Pavlina Baburcova was actually the winner of [[Miss Czech Republic|Miss Czechoslovakia]] in 1992. |
|||
* '''{{EST}}''' |
|||
* '''{{flag|Swaziland}}''' |
|||
===Returns=== |
|||
*Last competed in [[Miss Universe 1991|1991]]: |
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** '''{{BLZ}}''' |
|||
** '''{{GHA}}''' |
|||
** '''{{flag|Hong Kong|colonial}}''' |
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** '''{{ITA}}''' |
|||
** '''{{TTO}}''' |
|||
===Withdrawals=== |
|||
* '''{{BMU}}''' |
|||
* '''{{flag|CIS}}''' – The member countries are later competing individually from then on. |
|||
* '''{{COK}}''' |
|||
* '''{{TCH}}''' – [[Dissolution of Czechoslovakia|Split]] into [[Czech Republic]] and [[Slovakia]] on January 1, 1993. |
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* '''{{EGY}}''' |
|||
* '''{{INA}}''' – Indira Sudiro |
|||
* '''{{KEN}}''' |
|||
* '''{{ROC}}''' |
|||
===Did not compete=== |
|||
* '''{{flag|Zambia|1964}}''' - Elizabeth Mwanza - did not compete due to undisclosed reasons, the country would only make it's debut in [[Miss Universe 1995|1995]] |
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==General references== |
|||
*{{cite web|title=Miss Universe 1993 |url=http://www.pageantopolis.com/international/Universe_1993.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207055111/http://www.pageantopolis.com/international/Universe_1993.htm |website=pageantopolis.com |archive-date=February 7, 2012 |url-status=usurped }} |
|||
==References== |
==References== |
Latest revision as of 23:17, 8 August 2024
Miss Universe 1993 | |
---|---|
Date | 21 May 1993 |
Presenters | |
Venue | Auditorio Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico |
Broadcaster | |
Entrants | 79 |
Placements | 10 |
Debuts |
|
Withdrawals |
|
Returns |
|
Winner | Dayanara Torres Puerto Rico |
Congeniality | Jamila Haruna Danzuru Ghana |
Best National Costume | Ine Beate Strand Norway |
Photogenic | Eugenia Santana Spain |
Miss Universe 1993 was the 42nd Miss Universe pageant, held on 21 May 1993 at the Auditorio Nacional in Mexico City, Mexico. At the event's conclusion, Dayanara Torres of Puerto Rico was crowned Miss Universe by outgoing titleholder Michelle McLean of Namibia.[1] Seventy-nine contestants competed in the pageant.
The pageant was hosted by Dick Clark for the fourth and final time, with commentary from former Miss Universe titleholders Cecilia Bolocco (1987) and Angela Visser (1989).[2]
This was the third time the pageant was held in Mexico, two years after Lupita Jones won Mexico's first Miss Universe title in 1991. In the weeks prior to the final telecast, the contestants visited Campeche, Oaxaca, Zacatecas, Querétaro and the Mexican borough of Xochimilco for official events and sightseeing.[3]
Background
Location and date
On 13 July 1992, Miss Universe Inc. and Canal 13 Mexico director Romeo Flores announced that this edition would happen at the Auditorio Nacional in Mexico City.[4] The hosting of Miss Universe in Mexico is supported by the then-president of Mexico, Carlos Salinas de Gortari.[4] Aside from Mexico City, the candidates also visited the states of Campeche, Oaxaca, Zacatecas, Querétaro, and the borough of Xochimilco for official activities before the final competition.[5]
A few days before the final competition, the president of the Miss Mexico Organization, Carlos Guerrero, announced that Miss Universe would be held in Mexico again in 1995.[6] Negotiations did not push through, and the competition occurred in Namibia, the first African country to host Miss Universe. Miss Universe was held again in Mexico in 2007.[7]
Selection of participants
Contestants from seventy-nine countries and territories were selected to compete in the pageant. One contestant was selected to replace the original dethroned winner.
Replacements
The winner of Eesti Miss Estonia 1993, Lilia Üksvärav was replaced due to being underage. Her first runner up – Kersti Tänavsuu – made the first ever debut of Estonia at Miss Universe pageant.[8]
Debuts, returns and withdrawals
This edition marked the debuts of the Czech Republic, Estonia, and Swaziland; and the returns of Belize, Ghana, Hong Kong, Italy, and Trinidad and Tobago, all of which last competed in 1991.[9] Pavlína Babůrková of the Czech Republic was originally crowned as Miss Czechoslovakia 1992, but after the split of the Czech Republic and Slovakia, Babůrková represented the Czech Republic.[9][10]
Yuliya Etina of the Commonwealth of Independent States withdrew from the pageant due to undisclosed reasons, just a few days after arriving in Mexico.[11][12] The countries that form the Commonwealth of Independent States eventually competed separately beginning in 1994. Bermuda, the Cook Islands, Egypt, Kenya, and the Republic of China withdrew due to undisclosed reasons.
Indira Sudiro of Indonesia competed in this edition, but withdrew due to controversies surrounding her participation in the pageant.[13][14]
Incidents during the competition
The pageant was marred by booing from the crowd following the failure of the Mexican delegate, Angelina González, to advance to the top 10 of the national costume competition or the finals as one of the top 10 semifinalists.[15] This was particularly directed towards Kenya Moore of the US, the country that owns the Miss Universe Organization.[1] During the judges' introduction, booing increased especially after Mexican judges José Luis Cuevas and Miss Universe 1991 Lupita Jones were introduced to the audience who held them responsible for Miss Mexico's non-placement.
This continued throughout the first two events of the night: the swimsuit and interview competition. The audience at National Auditorium only calmed down after the musical number with Michelle McLean and the delegates sang and danced to "Get on Your Feet" .[15] Generalized booing stopped and the competition continued with the evening gown event, the judges' questions, the final question and the crowning, without major incident.[15]
Results
Placements
Placement | Contestant |
---|---|
Miss Universe 1993 | |
1st runner-up | |
2nd runner-up | |
Top 6 |
|
Top 10 |
Special awards
Award | Winner |
---|---|
Miss Photogenic |
|
Miss Congeniality |
|
Best National Costume
Award | Winner |
---|---|
Best National Costume | |
1st runner-up | |
2nd runner-up |
Contestants
Seventy-nine contestants competed for the title.
Notes
- ^ Ages at the time of the pageant
References
- ^ a b "Miss Puerto Rico crowned 1993 Miss Universe". Reuters. 1993-05-22.
- ^ "1993 MISS UNIVERSE Pageant hosted by Dick Clark in Mexico City to be broadcast live, May 21, on CBS Television Network" (Press release). Business Wire. 1993-04-20.
- ^ "Mexico to host Miss Universe pageant with emphasis on "smarts"". Reuters. 1993-04-13.
- ^ a b "Miss Universo será elegida el año próximo en México" [Miss Universe will be elected next year in Mexico]. La Opinion (in Spanish). 15 July 1992. pp. 2B. Retrieved 9 June 2024 – via Google News Archive.
- ^ "Puerto Rico Contestant Crowned New Miss Universe". Sun Journal. 22 May 1993. p. 11. Retrieved 9 June 2024 – via Google News Archive.
- ^ "Acapulco to host Miss Universe". Oxnard Press-Courier. 22 May 1993. p. 10. Retrieved 9 June 2024 – via Google News Archive.
- ^ "México será sede de Miss Universo 2007" [Mexico will host Miss Universe 2007]. El Siglo de Torreón (in Spanish). 12 February 2007. Retrieved 9 June 2024.
- ^ "Miss Estonia Lilia Kristianson läks abikaasast lahku" [Miss Estonia Lilia Kristianson broke up with her husband]. Kroonika (in Estonian). 22 June 2018. Retrieved 9 June 2024.
- ^ a b c Šaléová, Lucie (30 March 2023). "Konečně se ukázala lidem! Sexy Baburková opustila luxusní vilu a objevila se ve společnosti" [She finally showed herself to the people! Sexy Baburková left the luxury villa and appeared in society]. Expres.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 6 June 2024.
- ^ Remešová, Michaela (29 April 2022). "Miss ČSFR 1992 Pavlína Babůrková (49): Lásku přebrala zpěvačce Lucii Bílé!" [Miss ČSFR 1992 Pavlína Babůrková (49): Love took over from singer Lucia Bílé!]. Blesk.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 9 June 2024.
- ^ ""Mag ik nu bij Jeltsin op bezoek?"" ["Can I visit Yeltsin now?"]. De Telegraaf (in Dutch). 24 March 1992. p. 5. Retrieved 9 June 2024 – via Delpher.
- ^ "World News". New Straits Times. 22 March 1992. p. 14. Retrieved 9 June 2024 – via Google News Archive.
- ^ "Jakarta's Miss Universe hopeful under fire". The Straits Times. 21 April 1993. p. 17. Retrieved 9 June 2024 – via Google News Archive.
- ^ "Jakarta pulls out of Miss Universe show at last minute". The Straits Times. 29 April 1993. p. 13. Retrieved 9 June 2024 – via National Library Board.
- ^ a b c "Puerto Rican beauty is Miss Universe". Straits Times. 1993-05-23.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Miss Universe is 18-year-old Puerto Rican". Deseret News. 22 May 1993. Retrieved 9 June 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f "Noruwega gana la fase de mejor traje nacional en "Miss Universo" 1993" [Noruwega wins the phase of best national costume in "Miss Universe" 1993]. La Opinion (in Spanish). 10 May 1993. pp. 8D. Retrieved 9 June 2024 – via Google News Archive.
- ^ "Miss Universe bezoekt Aruba" [Miss Universe visits Aruba]. Amigoe (in Dutch). 1 April 1993. p. 5. Retrieved 5 June 2024 – via Delpher.
- ^ Sandoval, Gina (24 May 1993). "Nueva Miss Universo dice ser 'todo Puerto Rico'" [New Miss Universe claims to be 'all Puerto Rico']. La Opinion (in Spanish). pp. 4D. Retrieved 5 June 2024 – via Google News Archive.
- ^ Van de Wal, Veerle (6 December 2021). "Gewezen Miss België Sandra Joine raakte zwaar verslaafd na het verlies van haar droomjob: "M'n zoon wil me nu niet meer zien"". Het Laatste Nieuws (in Dutch). Retrieved 5 June 2024.
- ^ "El título les dio alegrías, trabajo y fama que aún saborean". El Deber (in European Spanish). 29 July 2017. Retrieved 5 June 2024.
- ^ "Conheça a história do Miss Brasil". Terra (in Brazilian Portuguese). 29 September 2022. Retrieved 5 June 2024.
- ^ "Universal beauties". Gainesville Sun. 16 May 1993. pp. 5B. Retrieved 5 June 2024 – via Google News Archive.
- ^ "Miss World Cayman Islands 2022 Contestants Sashed". Caymanian Times. 12 July 2022. Retrieved 5 June 2024.
- ^ a b "Las bellas se preparan" [The beauties get ready]. La Opinion (in Spanish). 5 May 1993. pp. 2B. Retrieved 6 June 2024 – via Google News Archive.
- ^ Luna, Maria del Pilar C. (16 November 1992). "Llegó el momento de la hora cero en el Reinado Nacional de la Belleza". El Tiempo (in Spanish). Retrieved 6 June 2024.
- ^ López, Efrén (19 April 2016). "Katarina Rodríguez desea volver a la televisión" [Katarina Rodríguez wants to return to television]. La Nacion (in Spanish). Retrieved 6 June 2024.
- ^ "Miss Curacao 1992". Amigoe (in Dutch). 6 July 1992. p. 2. Retrieved 6 June 2024 – via Delpher.
- ^ "Denmark's beauty breezes in for fun". South China Morning Post. 24 November 1993. Retrieved 9 June 2024.
- ^ "1981-2006 Reinado de Reinas" [1981-2006 Reign of Queens]. Hoy Digital (in Spanish). 11 August 2006. Retrieved 9 June 2024.
- ^ "Concursantes de Miss Universe disfrutan estancia en México" [Miss Universe contestants enjoy stay in Mexico]. La Opinion (in Spanish). 9 May 1993. pp. 6C. Retrieved 9 June 2024 – via Google News Archive.
- ^ "Centroamerica es linda" [Central America is beautiful]. La Opinion (in Spanish). 17 May 1993. pp. 4D. Retrieved 9 June 2024 – via Google News Archive.
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- ^ "Behind the Headlines; 20-year-old Immigrant from Ukraine is Now the Beautiful Face of Israel". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 20 March 2015. Retrieved 9 June 2024.
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