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{{short description|Genus of flies}}
{{Short description|Genus of March flies}}
{{Automatic taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Plecia ruficollis op Setaria megaphylla, Manie vd Schijff BT, e.jpg
| image = Plecia ruficollis op Setaria megaphylla, Manie vd Schijff BT, e.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Plecia ruficollis|P. ruficollis]]'' mating pair on underside<br>of ''[[Setaria megaphylla]]'' leaf
| image_caption = ''[[Plecia ruficollis|P. ruficollis]]'' mating pair on underside<br>of ''[[Setaria megaphylla]]'' leaf
| taxon = Plecia
| taxon = Plecia
| authority = [[Christian Rudolph Wilhelm Wiedemann|Wiedemann]], 1828
| authority = [[Christian Rudolph Wilhelm Wiedemann|Wiedemann]], 1828
| type_species = ''Hirtea fulvicollis'' {{small|(Fabricius, 1805)}}
| type_species = ''Hirtea fulvicollis'' {{small|(Fabricius, 1805)}}
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = see text
| subdivision = {{center|''See text''}}
| synonyms =
| synonyms = *''Heteroplecia'' <small>[[D. Elmo Hardy|Hardy]], 1950</small><ref name="Hardy1950">{{cite journal|last1=Hardy|first1=D. Elmo|title=Studies in Pacific Bibionidae (Diptera). Part I.|journal=Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society.|date=1950|volume=14|pages=75–85}}</ref>
*''Heteroplecia'' <small>[[D. Elmo Hardy|Hardy]], 1950</small><ref name="Hardy1950">{{cite journal|last1=Hardy|first1=D. Elmo|title=Studies in Pacific Bibionidae (Diptera). Part I.|journal=Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society |date=1950|volume=14|pages=75–85}}</ref>
}}
}}
[[File:Lovebug Plecia nearctica.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Close-up of head, ''[[Plecia nearctica|P. nearctica]]'']]
[[File:Lovebug Plecia nearctica.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Close-up of head, ''[[Plecia nearctica|P. nearctica]]'']]
'''''Plecia''''' is a genus of March flies ([[Bibionidae]]).


'''''Plecia''''' is a genus of March flies ([[Bibionidae]]) comprising many species, both [[Neontology|extant]] and fossilised.
==Species==

== Species ==
=== Extant species ===
{{div col}}
{{div col}}
*''[[Plecia acutirostris|P. acutirostris]]'' {{small|Luo & Yang, 1988}}
*''[[Plecia acutirostris|P. acutirostris]]'' {{small|Luo & Yang, 1988}}
*''[[Plecia adiastola|P. adiastola]]'' {{small|[[D. Elmo Hardy|Hardy]] & Takahashi, 1960}}
*''[[Plecia adiastola|P. adiastola]]'' {{small|[[D. Elmo Hardy|Hardy]] & Takahashi, 1960}}
*''[[Plecia affinidecora|P. affinidecora]]'' {{small|Hardy, 1968}}<ref name="Hardy1968">{{cite journal|last1=Hardy|first1=D. Elmo|title=Bibionidae (Diptera) of New Guinea|journal=Pacific Insects|date=1968|volume=10|issue=3-4|pages=443–513|url=http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/pi/pdf/10(3)-443.pdf|accessdate=10 August 2017|publisher=The Bishop Museum|location=Honolulu, Hawaii, U. S. A.}}</ref>
*''[[Plecia affinidecora|P. affinidecora]]'' {{small|Hardy, 1968}}<ref name="Hardy1968">{{cite journal|last1=Hardy|first1=D. Elmo|title=Bibionidae (Diptera) of New Guinea|journal=Pacific Insects|date=1968|volume=10|issue=3–4|pages=443–513|url=http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/pi/pdf/10(3)-443.pdf|accessdate=10 August 2017|publisher=The Bishop Museum|location=Honolulu, Hawaii, U. S. A.}}</ref>
*''[[Plecia americana|P. americana]]'' {{small|Hardy, 1940}}<ref name="Hardy1940">{{cite journal|last1=Hardy|first1=D. Elmo|title=Studies in New World ''Plecia'' (Bibionidae: Diptera)|journal=Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society|date=1940|volume=13|issue=1|pages=15–27|jstor=25081585|publisher=Kansas (Central States) Entomological Society|location=Kansas}}</ref>
*''[[Plecia americana|P. americana]]'' {{small|Hardy, 1940}}<ref name="Hardy1940">{{cite journal|last1=Hardy|first1=D. Elmo|title=Studies in New World ''Plecia'' (Bibionidae: Diptera)|journal=Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society|date=1940|volume=13|issue=1|pages=15–27|jstor=25081585|publisher=Kansas (Central States) Entomological Society|location=Kansas}}</ref>
*''[[Plecia amplipennis|P. amplipennis]]'' {{small|[[Frederick A. Askew Skuse|Skuse]], 1888}}<ref name="Skuse1888">{{cite journal|last1=Skuse|first1=F. A. A.|title=Diptera of Australia. Part I|journal=Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales|date=1888|volume=3|issue=2|pages=17–145, pls. 2–3.|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36009431#page/671/mode/1up|accessdate=10 August 2017}}</ref>
*''[[Plecia amplipennis|P. amplipennis]]'' {{small|[[Frederick A. Askew Skuse|Skuse]], 1888}}<ref name="Skuse1888">{{cite journal|last1=Skuse|first1=F. A. A.|title=Diptera of Australia. Part I|journal=Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales|date=1888|volume=3|issue=2|pages=17–145, pls. 2–3|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36009431#page/671/mode/1up|accessdate=10 August 2017}}</ref>
*''[[Plecia aruensis|P. aruensis]]'' {{small|[[Frederick Wallace Edwards|Edwards]], 1925}}<ref name="Edwards1925">{{cite journal|last1=Edwards|first1=F. W.|title=Diptera Nematocera from the Dutch East Indies. [II.]|journal=Treubia|date=1925|volume=6|pages=154–172}}</ref>
*''[[Plecia aruensis|P. aruensis]]'' {{small|[[Frederick Wallace Edwards|Edwards]], 1925}}<ref name="Edwards1925">{{cite journal|last1=Edwards|first1=F. W.|title=Diptera Nematocera from the Dutch East Indies. [II.]|journal=Treubia|date=1925|volume=6|pages=154–172}}</ref>
*''[[Plecia angularis|P. angularis]]'' {{small|Luo & Yang, 1988}}
*''[[Plecia angularis|P. angularis]]'' {{small|Luo & Yang, 1988}}
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{{div col end}}
{{div col end}}


==Fossil record==
=== Fossil species ===
A number of fossil species have been assigned to ''Plecia'' with ages dating from the [[Cretaceous]] ([[Campanian]]) through the early [[Pleistocene]] ([[Gelasian]]):<ref>[http://fossilworks.org/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=70722 Fossilworks ''Plecia'' 12 July 2021]</ref>
Many fossil species have been assigned to ''Plecia'' with ages dating from the [[Cretaceous]] ([[Campanian]]) through the early [[Pleistocene]] ([[Gelasian]]):<ref>[http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=70722 Fossilworks ''Plecia'' 12 July 2021]</ref>

===Cretaceous===
==== Cretaceous ====
*†''[[Plecia myersi|P. myersi]]'' {{small|Peterson, 1975}} (Campanian, [[Canadian Amber]], MB)
*†''[[Plecia myersi|P. myersi]]'' {{small|Peterson, 1975}} (Campanian, [[Canadian Amber]], MB)


===[[Paleocene]]===
==== [[Paleocene]] ====
*†''[[Plecia undans|P. undans]]'' {{small|Zeuner, 1941}} ([[Thanetian]], [[Mull Lava Group|ArdTun head]], UK)
*†''[[Plecia undans|P. undans]]'' {{small|Zeuner, 1941}} ([[Thanetian]], [[Mull Lava Group|ArdTun head]], UK)


===[[Eocene]]===
==== [[Eocene]] ====
;Ypresian, British Columbia, Canada
{{div col}}
{{div col}}
;Ypresian, [[Allenby Formation]], Canada
*†''[[Plecia angustipennis|P. angustipennis]]'' {{small|(Handlirsch, 1910)}} [[Horsefly Shales]])<!--(syn. ''Penthetria angustipennis'')-->

*†''[[Plecia avus|P. avus]]'' {{small|(Handlirsch, 1910)}} ([[Allenby Formation]])<!--(syn. ''Penthetria avus'')-->
*†''[[Plecia cairnesi|P. cairnesi]]'' {{small|Rice, 1959}} ([[Driftwood Canyon Provincial Park|Driftwood shales]])
*†''[[Plecia angustipennis|P. angustipennis]]'' {{small|(Handlirsch, 1910)}} <!--(syn. ''Penthetria angustipennis'')-->
*†''[[Plecia canadensis|P. canadensis]]'' {{small|(Handlirsch, 1910)}} (Allenby Formation)<!--(syn. ''Penthetria canadensis'')-->
*†''[[Plecia canadensis|P. canadensis]]'' {{small|(Handlirsch, 1910)}} <!--(syn. ''Penthetria canadensis'')-->
*†''[[Plecia curtula|P. curtula]]'' {{small|(Handlirsch, 1910)}} (Horsefly shales)<!--(syn. ''Penthetria curtula'')-->
*†''[[Plecia elatior|P. elatior]]'' {{small|(Handlirsch, 1910)}}<!--syn. ''Penthetria elatior'')-->
*†''[[Plecia dilatata|P. dilatata]]'' {{small|(Handlirsch, 1910)}} (Horsefly shales)<!--syn. ''Penthetria dilatata'')-->
*†''[[Plecia elatior|P. elatior]]'' {{small|(Handlirsch, 1910)}} ([[Allenby Formation]])<!--syn. ''Penthetria elatior'')-->
*†''[[Plecia kelownaensis|P. kelownaensis]]'' {{small|Rice, 1959}} ("Mission Creek site")
*†''[[Plecia minutula|P. minutula]]'' {{small|Rice, 1959}} (Allenby Formation)
*†''[[Plecia minutula|P. minutula]]'' {{small|Rice, 1959}} (Allenby Formation)
*†''[[Plecia nana|P. nana]]'' {{small|(Handlirsch, 1910)}} (Allenby Formation)<!-- ''Penthetria nana''-->
*†''[[Plecia nana|P. nana]]'' {{small|(Handlirsch, 1910)}} (Allenby Formation)<!-- ''Penthetria nana''-->
*†''[[Plecia pictipennis|P. pictipennis]]'' {{small|(Handlirsch, 1910)}} (Allenby Formation)<!-- ''Penthetria lambei'', ''Penthetria ovalis'', ''Penthetria separanda''-->
*†''[[Plecia pictipennis|P. pictipennis]]'' {{small|(Handlirsch, 1910)}} (Allenby Formation)<!-- ''Penthetria lambei'', ''Penthetria ovalis'', ''Penthetria separanda''-->
*†''[[Plecia platyptera|P. platyptera]]'' {{small|(Handlirsch, 1910)}} (Horsefly Shales)<!--''Penthetria platyptera''-->
*†''[[Plecia pulchra|P. pulchra]]'' {{small|(Handlirsch, 1910)}} (Allenby Formation)<!--''Penthetria pulchra''-->
*†''[[Plecia pulchra|P. pulchra]]'' {{small|(Handlirsch, 1910)}} (Allenby Formation)<!--''Penthetria pulchra''-->
*†''[[Plecia pulla|P. pulla]]'' {{small|(Handlirsch, 1910)}} (Allenby Formation)<!--''Penthetria brevipes'', ''Penthetria pulla''-->
*†''[[Plecia pulla|P. pulla]]'' {{small|(Handlirsch, 1910)}} (Allenby Formation)<!--''Penthetria brevipes'', ''Penthetria pulla''-->
*†''[[Plecia reducta|P. reducta]]'' {{small|(Handlirsch, 1910)}} (Horsefly Shales)<!--''Penthetria reducta''-->
*†''[[Plecia similkameena|P. similkameena]]'' {{small|Scudder, 1879}} (Allenby Formation)<!--(syn. ''Penthetria similkameena'')-->
*†''[[Plecia similkameena|P. similkameena]]'' {{small|Scudder, 1879}} (Allenby Formation)<!--(syn. ''Penthetria similkameena'')-->
*†''[[Plecia transitoria|P. transitoria]]'' {{small|(Handlirsch, 1910)}} (Allenby Formation) <!--(syn. ''Penthetria transitoria'', ''Penthetria falcatula'', ''Penthetria fragmentum'')-->
*†''[[Plecia transitoria|P. transitoria]]'' {{small|(Handlirsch, 1910)}} (Allenby Formation) <!--(syn. ''Penthetria transitoria'', ''Penthetria falcatula'', ''Penthetria fragmentum'')-->
*†''[[Plecia tulameenensis|P. tulameenensis]]'' {{small|Rice, 1959}} (Allenby Formation)
*†''[[Plecia tulameenensis|P. tulameenensis]]'' {{small|Rice, 1959}} (Allenby Formation)

{{div col end}}
;Ypresian, [[Driftwood Canyon Provincial Park|Driftwood shales]], Canada

*†''[[Plecia cairnesi|P. cairnesi]]'' {{small|Rice, 1959}}

;Ypresian, [[Horsefly Shales]], Canada

*†''[[Plecia avus|P. avus]]'' {{small|(Handlirsch, 1910)}} <!--(syn. ''Penthetria avus'')-->
*†''[[Plecia curtula|P. curtula]]'' {{small|(Handlirsch, 1910)}} <!--(syn. ''Penthetria curtula'')-->
*†''[[Plecia dilatata|P. dilatata]]'' {{small|(Handlirsch, 1910)}} <!--syn. ''Penthetria dilatata'')-->
*†''[[Plecia platyptera|P. platyptera]]'' {{small|(Handlirsch, 1910)}} (Horsefly Shales)<!--''Penthetria platyptera''-->
*†''[[Plecia reducta|P. reducta]]'' {{small|(Handlirsch, 1910)}} (Horsefly Shales)<!--''Penthetria reducta''-->

;Ypresian, [[Coldwater Beds|"Mission Creek site"]], Canada

*†''[[Plecia kelownaensis|P. kelownaensis]]'' {{small|Rice, 1959}}

;Ypresian, [[Oise amber]], France
;Ypresian, [[Oise amber]], France

*†''[[Plecia parisiensis|P. parisiensis]]'' {{small|Gee ''et al''., 2001}}
*†''[[Plecia parisiensis|P. parisiensis]]'' {{small|Gee ''et al''., 2001}}

;Ypresian, [[Green River Formation]], USA
;Ypresian, [[Green River Formation]], USA

*†''[[Plecia akerionana|P. akerionana]]'' {{small|Fitzgerald, 1999}}
*†''[[Plecia akerionana|P. akerionana]]'' {{small|Fitzgerald, 1999}}
*†''[[Plecia dejecta|P. dejecta]]'' {{small|Scudder, 1890}}
*†''[[Plecia dejecta|P. dejecta]]'' {{small|Scudder, 1890}}
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*†''[[Plecia rhodopterina|P. rhodopterina]]'' {{small|Cockerell, 1925}}
*†''[[Plecia rhodopterina|P. rhodopterina]]'' {{small|Cockerell, 1925}}
*†''[[Plecia winchesteri|P. winchesteri]]'' {{small|Cockerell, 1917}}
*†''[[Plecia winchesteri|P. winchesteri]]'' {{small|Cockerell, 1917}}
*†''[[Plecia woodruffi|P. woodruffi]]'' {{small|Cockerell, 1916}}

;Priabonian, [[Baltic Amber]]
;Priabonian, [[Baltic Amber]]

*†''[[Plecia borussica|P. borussica]]'' {{small|Meunier, 1904}}
*†''[[Plecia borussica|P. borussica]]'' {{small|Meunier, 1904}}
*†''[[Plecia brunniptera|P. brunniptera]]'' {{small|Skartveit, 2009}}
*†''[[Plecia brunniptera|P. brunniptera]]'' {{small|Skartveit, 2009}}
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*†''[[Plecia prisca|P. prisca]]'' {{small|Meunier, 1899}}
*†''[[Plecia prisca|P. prisca]]'' {{small|Meunier, 1899}}
*†''[[Plecia tenuicornis|P. tenuicornis]]'' {{small|Skartveit, 2009}}
*†''[[Plecia tenuicornis|P. tenuicornis]]'' {{small|Skartveit, 2009}}

;Priabonian, France
;Priabonian, France

*†''[[Plecia angustiventris|P. angustiventris]]'' {{small|Theobald, 1937}} ( Célas site, France)
*†''[[Plecia angustiventris|P. angustiventris]]'' {{small|Theobald, 1937}} ( Célas site, France)
*†''[[Plecia foersteri|P. foersteri]]'' {{small|Theobald, 1937}}
*†''[[Plecia chapuisii|P. chapuisii]]'' {{small|Oustalet, 1872}}
*†''[[Plecia dumasi|P. dumasi]]'' {{small|Theobald, 1937}}
*†''[[Plecia dumasi|P. dumasi]]'' {{small|Theobald, 1937}}
*†''[[Plecia foersteri|P. foersteri]]'' {{small|Theobald, 1937}}

;Pribonian, United Kingdom
;Pribonian, United Kingdom

*†''[[Plecia acourti|P. acourti]]'' {{small|Cockerell, 1921}} ([[Bembridge Marls]], UK)
*†''[[Plecia acourti|P. acourti]]'' {{small|Cockerell, 1921}} ([[Bembridge Marls]], UK)

;Priabonian, [[Florissant Formation]], USA
;Priabonian, [[Florissant Formation]], USA

*†''[[Plecia axeliana|P. axeliana]]'' {{small|Cockerell, 1915}}
*†''[[Plecia axeliana|P. axeliana]]'' {{small|Cockerell, 1915}}
*†''[[Plecia decapitata|P. decapitata]]'' {{small|Cockerell, 1917}}
*†''[[Plecia decapitata|P. decapitata]]'' {{small|Cockerell, 1917}}
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*†''[[Plecia orycta|P. orycta]]'' {{small|Melander, 1949}}
*†''[[Plecia orycta|P. orycta]]'' {{small|Melander, 1949}}
*†''[[Plecia tessella|P. tessella]]'' {{small|Melander, 1949}}
*†''[[Plecia tessella|P. tessella]]'' {{small|Melander, 1949}}
{{div col end}}

==== [[Oligocene]] ====
{{div col}}
;[[Rupelian]], [[Brunstatt Formation|Brunstatt]], France

*†''[[Plecia gracillima|P. gracillima]]'' {{small|Förster, 1891}}

;Rupelian, [[Corent]], France

*†''[[Plecia joannis|P. joannis]]'' {{small|Oustalet, 1870}}
*†''[[Plecia larteti|P. larteti]]'' {{small|Oustalet, 1870}}
*†''[[Plecia longipennis|P. longipennis]]'' {{small|Oustalet, 1870}}
*†''[[Plecia pallida|P. pallida]]'' {{small|Oustalet, 1870}}
*†''[[Plecia rubescens|P. rubescens]]'' {{small|Oustalet, 1870}}
*†''[[Plecia sauvagei|P. sauvagei]]'' {{small|Oustalet, 1870}}

;Rupelian, [[Calcaires de Vacheres Formation]], France

*†''[[Plecia assonensis|P. assonensis]]'' {{small|Gentilini, 1993}}
*†''[[Plecia larguensis|P. larguensis]]'' {{small|Gentilini, 1993}}
*†''[[Plecia maimensis|P. maimensis]]'' {{small|Gentilini, 1993}}

;Rupelian, [[Chadrat]], France

*†''[[Plecia oustaleti|P. oustaleti]]'' {{small|Brongniart, 1876}}

;[[Chattian]], [[Niveau du gypse d'Aix Formation|Niveau du gypse d'Aix]], France

*†''[[Plecia livida|P. livida]]'' {{small|Heer, 1849}}
*†''[[Plecia painvini|P. painvini]]'' {{small|Meunier, 1915}}
*†''[[Plecia retracta|P. retracta]]'' {{small|Theobald, 1937}}
*†''[[Plecia rhenana|P. rhenana]]'' {{small|Heyden & Heyden, 1865}}

;[[Chattian]], [[Camoins-les-Bains]], France

*†''[[Plecia theobaldi|P. theobaldi]]'' {{small|Skartveit & Nel, 2017}}<!--''Bibio nigripennis''-->


===[[Oligocene]]===
;[[Chattian]], [[Rott Formation]], Germany
;[[Chattian]], [[Rott Formation]], Germany

*†''[[Plecia collossea|P. collossea]]'' {{small|(Heyden & Heyden, 1865)}} ([[Oligocene]], [[Rott Formation]], Germany)<!--(syn. ''P. superba'', ''P. imperialis'', ''P. philippi'')-->
*†''[[Plecia collossea|P. collossea]]'' {{small|(Heyden & Heyden, 1865)}}<!--(syn. ''P. imperialis'', ''P. superba'', ''P. philippi'')-->
*†''[[Plecia conica|P. conica]]'' {{small|Theobald, 1937}}
*†''[[Plecia conica|P. conica]]'' {{small|Theobald, 1937}}
*†''[[Plecia dubia|P. dubia]]'' {{small|(Germar, 1837)}} (Oligocene, Rott Formation)<!--(syn. ''P. abava'', ''P. satyrus'')-->
*†''[[Plecia dubia|P. dubia]]'' {{small|(Germar, 1837)}}<!--(syn. ''P. abava'', ''P. satyrus'')-->
*†''[[Plecia exigua|P. exigua]]'' {{small|Statz, 1943}}
*†''[[Plecia exigua|P. exigua]]'' {{small|Statz, 1943}}
*†''[[Plecia gracilenta|P. gracilenta]]'' {{small|(Heyden & Heyden, 1865)}} (Oligocene, Rott Formation)
*†''[[Plecia gracilenta|P. gracilenta]]'' {{small|(Heyden & Heyden, 1865)}}
*†''[[Plecia grossa|P. grossa]]'' {{small|Heyden & Heyden, 1865}}
*†''[[Plecia grossa|P. grossa]]'' {{small|Heyden & Heyden, 1865}}
*†''[[Plecia hypogaea|P. hypogaea]]'' {{small|(Heyden & Heyden, 1865)}} (Oligocene, Rott Formation)<!--(syn. ''P. expositia'', ''P. grandaeva'', ''P. antenata'', ''P. elongata'', P. pulchella'')-->
*†''[[Plecia hypogaea|P. hypogaea]]'' {{small|(Heyden & Heyden, 1865)}}<!--(syn. ''P. antenata'', ''P. elongata'', ''P. expositia'', ''P. grandaeva'', P. pulchella'')-->
*†''[[Plecia inflata|P. inflata]]'' {{small|Oustalet, 1870}}
*†''[[Plecia inflata|P. inflata]]'' {{small|Oustalet, 1870}}
*†''[[Plecia luctuosa|P. luctuosa]]'' {{small|Heyden & Heyden, 1865}}
*†''[[Plecia luteola|P. luteola]]'' {{small|Heyden & Heyden, 1865}}
*†''[[Plecia lygaeoides|P. lygaeoides]]'' {{small|Heer, 1849}}
*†''[[Plecia macrocephala|P. macrocephala]]'' {{small|(Heyden & Heyden, 1865)}}<!--(syn. ''P. schineri'')-->
*†''[[Plecia morio|P. morio]]'' {{small|Heer, 1849}}
*†''[[Plecia pennata|P. pennata]]'' {{small|Statz, 1943}}
*†''[[Plecia pennata|P. pennata]]'' {{small|Statz, 1943}}
*†''[[Plecia pinguis|P. pinguis]]'' {{small|(Heyden & Heyden, 1865)}}<!--(syn. ''Bibio brachypteroides'', ''P. lapidaria'', ''P. vulpina'')-->
*†''[[Plecia proserpina|P. proserpina]]'' {{small|Heyden & Heyden, 1865}}
*†''[[Plecia rhenana|P. rhenana]]'' {{small|Heyden & Heyden, 1865}}
*†''[[Plecia rhenana|P. rhenana]]'' {{small|Heyden & Heyden, 1865}}
*†''[[Plecia sturmi|P. sturmi]]'' {{small|Statz, 1943}}
*†''[[Plecia sturmi|P. sturmi]]'' {{small|Statz, 1943}}
*†''[[Plecia stygia|P. stygia]]'' {{small|(Heyden & Heyden, 1865)}} (Oligocene, Rott Formation) <!--(syn. ''P. veterana'')-->
*†''[[Plecia stygia|P. stygia]]'' {{small|(Heyden & Heyden, 1865)}} <!--(syn. ''P. veterana'')-->
*†''[[Plecia winnertzi|P. winnertzi]]'' {{small|(Heyden & Heyden, 1865)}}
{{div col end}}


==== [[Miocene]] ====
;Unsorted
{{div col}}
{{div col}}
;[[Aquitanian (stage)|Aquitanian]], [[Mexican amber]], Mexico
*†''[[Plecia aculeolata|P. aculeolata]]'' {{small|Zhang, 1989}} ([[Burdigalian]], [[Shanwang Formation]], China)

*†''[[Plecia amagua|P. amagua]]'' {{small|Cockerell, 1925}} (Burdigalian, Kudia River site, Russia)
*†''[[Plecia assonensis|P. assonensis]]'' {{small|Gentilini, 1993}}
*†''[[Plecia pristina|P. pristina]]'' {{small|Hardy, 1971}}

*†''[[Plecia baglii|P. baglii]]'' {{small|Gentilini, 1991}}
;[[Burdigalian]], [[Shanwang Formation]]. China

*†''[[Plecia aculeolata|P. aculeolata]]'' {{small|Zhang, 1989}}
*†''[[Plecia bivalvula|P. bivalvula]]'' {{small|Zhang, 1993}}
*†''[[Plecia bivalvula|P. bivalvula]]'' {{small|Zhang, 1993}}
*†''[[Plecia brunneipennis|P. brunneipennis]]'' {{small|Piton, 1939}}
*†''[[Plecia bucklandi|P. bucklandi]]'' {{small|Heer, 1849}}
*†''[[Plecia capitata|P. capitata]]'' {{small|Zhang ''et al''., 1994}}
*†''[[Plecia capitata|P. capitata]]'' {{small|Zhang ''et al''., 1994}}
*†''[[Plecia castellaroi|P. castellaroi]]'' {{small|Gentilini, 1991}}
*†''[[Plecia chapuisii|P. chapuisii]]'' {{small|Oustalet, 1872}}
*†''[[Plecia diatoma|P. diatoma]]'' {{small|Zhang, 1989}}
*†''[[Plecia diatoma|P. diatoma]]'' {{small|Zhang, 1989}}
*†''[[Plecia fumosa|P. fumosa]]'' {{small|Zhang ''et al''., 1994}}
*†''[[Plecia fumosa|P. fumosa]]'' {{small|Zhang ''et al''., 1994}}
*†''[[Plecia gracilentula|P. gracilentula]]'' {{small|Evenhuis, 1994}}
*†''[[Plecia gracilentula|P. gracilentula]]'' {{small|Evenhuis, 1994}}
*†''[[Plecia gracillima|P. gracillima]]'' {{small|Förster, 1891}}
*†''[[Plecia hilaris|P. hilaris]]'' {{small|Heer, 1849}}
*†''[[Plecia intima|P. intima]]'' {{small|Fujiyama & Iwao, 1974}}
*†''[[Plecia joannis|P. joannis]]'' {{small|Oustalet, 1870}}
*†''[[Plecia jucunda|P. jucunda]]'' {{small|Heer, 1849}}
*†''[[Plecia kanetakii|P. kanetakii]]'' {{small|Fujiyama, 1970}}
*†''[[Plecia kudiella|P. kudiella]]'' {{small|Cockerell, 1925}}
*†''[[Plecia kuznetzovi|P. kuznetzovi]]'' {{small|Cockerell, 1925}}
*†''[[Plecia larguensis|P. larguensis]]'' {{small|Gentilini, 1993}}
*†''[[Plecia larteti|P. larteti]]'' {{small|Oustalet, 1870}}
*†''[[Plecia livida|P. livida]]'' {{small|Heer, 1849}}
*†''[[Plecia longipennis|P. longipennis]]'' {{small|Oustalet, 1870}}
*†''[[Plecia luctuosa|P. luctuosa]]'' {{small|Heyden & Heyden, 1865}}
*†''[[Plecia ludongensis|P. ludongensis]]'' {{small|Hong & Wang 1985}}
*†''[[Plecia ludongensis|P. ludongensis]]'' {{small|Hong & Wang 1985}}
*†''[[Plecia luteola|P. luteola]]'' {{small|Heyden & Heyden, 1865}}
*†''[[Plecia lygaeoides|P. lygaeoides]]'' {{small|Heer, 1849}}
*†''[[Plecia macilenta|P. macilenta]]'' {{small|Skartveit & Pika, 2014}}
*†''[[Plecia macrocephala|P. macrocephala]]'' {{small|(Heyden & Heyden, 1865)}} (Oligocene, Rott Formation, Germany) <!--(syn. ''P. schineri'')-->
*†''[[Plecia maimensis|P. maimensis]]'' {{small|Gentilini, 1993}}
*†''[[Plecia morio|P. morio]]'' {{small|Heer, 1849}}
*†''[[Plecia obsitula|P. obsitula]]'' {{small|Cockerell, 1925}}
*†''[[Plecia oustaleti|P. oustaleti]]'' {{small|Brongniart, 1876}}
*†''[[Plecia painvini|P. painvini]]'' {{small|Meunier, 1915}}
*†''[[Plecia pallida|P. pallida]]'' {{small|Oustalet, 1870}}
*†''[[Plecia pinguis|P. pinguis]]'' {{small|(Heyden & Heyden, 1865)}} (Oligocene, Rott Formation) <!--(syn. ''P. lapidaria'', ''Bibio brachypteroides'', ''P. vulpina'')-->
*†''[[Plecia pisaurensis|P. pisaurensis]]'' {{small|Gentilini, 1991}}
*†''[[Plecia platoptera|P. platoptera]]'' {{small|Zhang, 1993}}
*†''[[Plecia platoptera|P. platoptera]]'' {{small|Zhang, 1993}}
*†''[[Plecia pristina|P. pristina]]'' {{small|Hardy, 1971}}
*†''[[Plecia proserpina|P. proserpina]]'' {{small|Heyden & Heyden, 1865}}
*†''[[Plecia quaesita|P. quaesita]]'' {{small|Novák, 1878}}
*†''[[Plecia rectivenia|P. rectivenia]]'' {{small|Zhang, 1989}}
*†''[[Plecia rectivenia|P. rectivenia]]'' {{small|Zhang, 1989}}
*†''[[Plecia redempta|P. redempta]]'' {{small|Cockerell, 1925}}
*†''[[Plecia refracta|P. refracta]]'' {{small|Cockerell, 1925}}
*†''[[Plecia retracta|P. retracta]]'' {{small|Theobald, 1937}}
*†''[[Plecia rubescens|P. rubescens]]'' {{small|Oustalet, 1870}}
*†''[[Plecia sauvagei|P. sauvagei]]'' {{small|Oustalet, 1870}}
*†''[[Plecia solaris|P. solaris]]'' {{small|Zhang, 1989}}
*†''[[Plecia solaris|P. solaris]]'' {{small|Zhang, 1989}}
*†''[[Plecia spinula|P. spinula]]'' {{small|Zhang, 1989}}
*†''[[Plecia spinula|P. spinula]]'' {{small|Zhang, 1989}}
*†''[[Plecia theobaldi|P. theobaldi]]'' {{small|Skartveit & Nel, 2017}}<!--''Bibio nigripennis''-->
*†''[[Plecia vergnei|P. vergnei]]'' {{small|Piton, 1935}}
*†''[[Plecia villosa|P. villosa]]'' {{small|Zhang, 1989}}
*†''[[Plecia villosa|P. villosa]]'' {{small|Zhang, 1989}}
*†''[[Plecia vulcania|P. vulcania]]'' {{small|Zhang, 1989}}
*†''[[Plecia vulcania|P. vulcania]]'' {{small|Zhang, 1989}}

*†''[[Plecia winnertzi|P. winnertzi]]'' {{small|(Heyden & Heyden, 1865)}}
;Burdigalian, [[Kudia River site]], Russia
*†''[[Plecia woodruffi|P. woodruffi]]'' {{small|Cockerell, 1916}} (Ypresian, Green River Formation)

*†''[[Plecia amagua|P. amagua]]'' {{small|Cockerell, 1925}}
*†''[[Plecia obsitula|P. obsitula]]'' {{small|Cockerell, 1925}}
*†''[[Plecia kuznetzovi|P. kuznetzovi]]'' {{small|Cockerell, 1925}}
*†''[[Plecia kudiella|P. kudiella]]'' {{small|Cockerell, 1925}}
*†''[[Plecia redempta|P. redempta]]'' {{small|Cockerell, 1925}}
*†''[[Plecia refracta|P. refracta]]'' {{small|Cockerell, 1925}}

;Burdigalian - [[Langhian]], [[Cypris Formation]], Czech Republic

*†''[[Plecia quaesita|P. quaesita]]'' {{small|Novák, 1878}}

;Langhian, [[Chojabaru Formation]], Japan

*†''[[Plecia kanetakii|P. kanetakii]]'' {{small|Fujiyama, 1970}}

;[[Serravallian]], [[Radoboj|Radoboj Formation]], Croatia

*†''[[Plecia bucklandi|P. bucklandi]]'' {{small|Heer, 1849}}

;[[Serravallian]], [[Oehningen|Oehningen beds Member]] ([[Molasse basin#Stratigraphy|Upper Freshwater-Molasse]]), Germany

*†''[[Plecia hilaris|P. hilaris]]'' {{small|Heer, 1849}}
*†''[[Plecia jucunda|P. jucunda]]'' {{small|Heer, 1849}}
*†''[[Plecia macilenta|P. macilenta]]'' {{small|Skartveit & Pika, 2014}}

;[[Messinian]], [[Monte Castellaro]], Italy

*†''[[Plecia baglii|P. baglii]]'' {{small|Gentilini, 1991}}
*†''[[Plecia castellaroi|P. castellaroi]]'' {{small|Gentilini, 1991}}
*†''[[Plecia pisaurensis|P. pisaurensis]]'' {{small|Gentilini, 1991}}
{{div col end}}
{{div col end}}


==== [[Pliocene]] ====
Revision of the Bibionidae fossil record from the Oligocene of Germany by Skartveit and Wedmann (2021) included the redescription of a number of ''Plecia'' species.<ref name="Germanfossils">{{cite journal |last1=Skartveit |first1=J. |last2=Wedmann |first2=S. |year=2021 |title=A Revision of fossil Bibionidae (Insecta: Diptera) from the Oligocene of Germany |journal=Zootaxa |volume=4909 |issue=1 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4909.1.1}}</ref>
;[[Piacenzian]], [[Togo Formation]], Japan

*†''[[Plecia intima|P. intima]]'' {{small|Fujiyama & Iwao, 1974}}

==== Pleistocene ====
;Gelasian, Lac Chambon, France

*†''[[Plecia brunneipennis|P. brunneipennis]]'' {{small|Piton, 1939}}
*†''[[Plecia vergnei|P. vergnei]]'' {{small|Piton, 1935}}

Revision of the Bibionidae fossil record from the Oligocene of Germany by Skartveit and Wedmann (2021) included the redescription of a number of ''Plecia'' species.<ref name="Germanfossils">{{cite journal |last1=Skartveit |first1=J. |last2=Wedmann |first2=S. |year=2021 |title=A revision of fossil Bibionidae (Insecta: Diptera) from the Oligocene of Germany |journal=Zootaxa |volume=4909 |issue=1 |pages=1–77 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4909.1.1|pmid=33756592 |url=https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.4909.1.1/42538 }}</ref>
*''[[Hesperinus heeri]]'' {{small|(Heyden & Heyden, 1865)}} (formerly ''Plecia heeri'' and syn ''P. elegantula'' )
*''[[Hesperinus heeri]]'' {{small|(Heyden & Heyden, 1865)}} (formerly ''Plecia heeri'' and syn ''P. elegantula'' )


==References==
== References ==
{{Commons category}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q11995850}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q11995850}}


[[Category:Bibionidae]]
[[Category:Bibionidae]]
[[Category:Nematocera genera]]
[[Category:Nematocera genera]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Christian Rudolph Wilhelm Wiedemann]]

Latest revision as of 15:39, 7 August 2024

Plecia
P. ruficollis mating pair on underside
of Setaria megaphylla leaf
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Family: Bibionidae
Genus: Plecia
Wiedemann, 1828
Type species
Hirtea fulvicollis (Fabricius, 1805)
Species
See text
Synonyms
Close-up of head, P. nearctica

Plecia is a genus of March flies (Bibionidae) comprising many species, both extant and fossilised.

Species

[edit]

Extant species

[edit]

Fossil species

[edit]

Many fossil species have been assigned to Plecia with ages dating from the Cretaceous (Campanian) through the early Pleistocene (Gelasian):[6]

Cretaceous

[edit]

Paleocene

[edit]

Eocene

[edit]
Ypresian, Allenby Formation, Canada
Ypresian, Driftwood shales, Canada
Ypresian, Horsefly Shales, Canada
Ypresian, "Mission Creek site", Canada
Ypresian, Oise amber, France
Ypresian, Green River Formation, USA
Priabonian, Baltic Amber
Priabonian, France
Pribonian, United Kingdom
Priabonian, Florissant Formation, USA

Oligocene

[edit]
Rupelian, Brunstatt, France
Rupelian, Corent, France
Rupelian, Calcaires de Vacheres Formation, France
Rupelian, Chadrat, France
Chattian, Niveau du gypse d'Aix, France
Chattian, Camoins-les-Bains, France
Chattian, Rott Formation, Germany

Miocene

[edit]
Aquitanian, Mexican amber, Mexico
Burdigalian, Shanwang Formation. China
Burdigalian, Kudia River site, Russia
Burdigalian - Langhian, Cypris Formation, Czech Republic
Langhian, Chojabaru Formation, Japan
Serravallian, Radoboj Formation, Croatia
Serravallian, Oehningen beds Member (Upper Freshwater-Molasse), Germany
Messinian, Monte Castellaro, Italy

Pliocene

[edit]
Piacenzian, Togo Formation, Japan

Pleistocene

[edit]
Gelasian, Lac Chambon, France

Revision of the Bibionidae fossil record from the Oligocene of Germany by Skartveit and Wedmann (2021) included the redescription of a number of Plecia species.[7]

  • Hesperinus heeri (Heyden & Heyden, 1865) (formerly Plecia heeri and syn P. elegantula )

References

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Plecia.
  1. ^ Hardy, D. Elmo (1950). "Studies in Pacific Bibionidae (Diptera). Part I.". Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society. 14: 75–85.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Hardy, D. Elmo (1968). "Bibionidae (Diptera) of New Guinea" (PDF). Pacific Insects. 10 (3–4). Honolulu, Hawaii, U. S. A.: The Bishop Museum: 443–513. Retrieved 10 August 2017.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Hardy, D. Elmo (1940). "Studies in New World Plecia (Bibionidae: Diptera)". Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society. 13 (1). Kansas: Kansas (Central States) Entomological Society: 15–27. JSTOR 25081585.
  4. ^ Skuse, F. A. A. (1888). "Diptera of Australia. Part I". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. 3 (2): 17–145, pls. 2–3. Retrieved 10 August 2017.
  5. ^ a b Edwards, F. W. (1925). "Diptera Nematocera from the Dutch East Indies. [II.]". Treubia. 6: 154–172.
  6. ^ Fossilworks Plecia 12 July 2021
  7. ^ Skartveit, J.; Wedmann, S. (2021). "A revision of fossil Bibionidae (Insecta: Diptera) from the Oligocene of Germany". Zootaxa. 4909 (1): 1–77. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4909.1.1. PMID 33756592.
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