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{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
The following is a '''timeline of the [[Essen#History|history]] of the city of [[Essen]]''', [[Germany]].
The following is a '''timeline of the [[Essen#History|history]] of the city of [[Essen]]''', [[Germany]].
{{Dynamic list}}
{{Dynamic list}}
Line 4: Line 6:


==Prior to 19th century==
==Prior to 19th century==
{{Expand section|date=December 2013}}
{{History of Germany}}
{{History of Germany}}


* 845 - [[Essen Abbey]] founded (approximate date).
* 845 – [[Essen Abbey]] founded (approximate date).
* 971 - [[Mathilde, Abbess of Essen|Mathilde]], granddaughter of [[Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto I]] becomes abbess of Essen Abbey.
* 971 – [[Mathilde, Abbess of Essen|Mathilde]], granddaughter of [[Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto I]] becomes abbess of Essen Abbey.
* 1012 - [[Sophia I, Abbess of Gandersheim|Sophia]], daughter of [[Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto II]] becomes abbottess of the [[Essen Abbey|Essen Stift]].
* 1012 – [[Sophia I, Abbess of Gandersheim|Sophia]], daughter of [[Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto II]] becomes abbottess of the [[Essen Abbey|Essen Stift]].
* 1041 - Essen receives rights to a market.
* 1041 – Essen receives rights to a market.
* 1244 - The association of the [[ministeriales]] of the Essen Abbey and the citizens of the town of [[Essen]] arrange for the {{Interlanguage link multi|Essen town walls|de|3=Essener Stadtmauer}} to be erected.
* 1244 – The association of the [[ministeriales]] of the Essen Abbey and the citizens of the town of [[Essen]] arrange for the {{ill|Essen town walls|de|Essener Stadtmauer}} to be erected.
* 1316 - [[Essen Minster]] (church) dedicated.
* 1316 – [[Essen Minster]] (church) dedicated.
* 1390 - Essener Schützenverein ([[Schützenverein|militia]]) formed.<ref name="Tallau2008">{{cite book|author=Hermann Tallau |title=Ein Kaleidoskop zum Schützenwesen |year= 2008|publisher=Mecke Druck und Verlag |location=Duderstadt |isbn=978-3-936617-85-6 |language=German |chapter= Alteste (100) Schützenvereinigungen 799-1392 |chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=MnyAc2VzNXwC&pg=PA67 }}</ref>
* 1390 – Essener Schützenverein ([[Schützenverein|militia]]) formed.<ref name="Tallau2008">{{cite book|author=Hermann Tallau |title=Ein Kaleidoskop zum Schützenwesen |year= 2008|publisher=Mecke Druck und Verlag |location=Duderstadt |isbn=978-3-936617-85-6 |language=de |chapter= Alteste (100) Schützenvereinigungen 799-1392 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MnyAc2VzNXwC&pg=PA67 }}</ref>
* 1598 - Borbeck Castle rebuilt.{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}
* 1598 – Borbeck Castle rebuilt.{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}
* 1736 - ''Neueste Essendische Nachrichten von Staats- und Gelehrten Sachen'' (Newest Essen News of State and Learned Matters) newspaper begins publication.
* 1736 – ''Neueste Essendische Nachrichten von Staats- und Gelehrten Sachen'' (Newest Essen News of State and Learned Matters) newspaper begins publication.
* 1797 - {{Interlanguage link multi|G. D. Baedeker Verlag|de}} bookseller in business.<ref name=schulz1870 />
* 1797 – {{ill|G. D. Baedeker Verlag|de}} bookseller in business.<ref name=schulz1870 />


==19th century==
==19th century==
* 1802 - Area occupied by Prussian troops.
* 1802 – Area occupied by Prussian troops.
* 1803
* 1803
** Essen Abbey secularized.<ref name=brit1910 />
** Essen Abbey secularized.<ref name=brit1910 />
** [[Franz Dinnendahl]] builds steam engine.
** [[Franz Dinnendahl]] builds steam engine.
* 1810 - [[Krupp]] foundry in business.
* 1810 – [[Krupp]] foundry in business.
* 1814 - Town becomes part of Prussia.<ref name=brit1910 />
* 1814 – Town becomes part of Prussia.<ref name=brit1910 />
* 1822 - Town becomes part of the [[Rhine Province]].
* 1822 – Town becomes part of the [[Rhine Province]].
* 1841 - [[Simon Hirschland Bank]] in business.
* 1841 – [[Simon Hirschland Bank]] in business.
* 1847 - [[Essen-Bergeborbeck station]] opens.
* 1847 – [[Essen-Bergeborbeck station]] opens.
* 1849 - Population: 8,813.<ref name=brit1910>{{Citation |publisher = Encyclopædia Britannica Co. |publication-place = New York |title = Encyclopædia Britannica |publication-date = 1910 |oclc = 14782424 |edition=11th |chapterurl =https://archive.org/stream/encyclopaediabrit09chisrich#page/778/mode/1up |chapter =Essen }}</ref>
* 1849 – Population: 8,813.<ref name=brit1910>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Essen |volume= 9 | pages = 778&ndash;779 }}</ref>
* 1851 - [[Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex|Zollverein Coal Mine]] begins operating.
* 1851 – [[Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex|Zollverein Coal Mine]] begins operating.
* 1862 - [[Essen Hauptbahnhof]] and [[Essen-Borbeck station]] open.
* 1862 – [[Essen Hauptbahnhof]] and [[Essen-Borbeck station]] open.
* 1866 - Fredebeul & Koenen booksellers in business.<ref name=schulz1870>{{cite book|title=Allgemeines Adreßbuch für den deutschen Buchhandel ... 1870 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YNdEAAAAcAAJ|year=1870|publisher=O.A. Schulz |location=Leipzig |language=German }}</ref>
* 1866 – Fredebeul & Koenen booksellers in business.<ref name=schulz1870>{{cite book|title=Allgemeines Adreßbuch für den deutschen Buchhandel ... 1870 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YNdEAAAAcAAJ|year=1870|publisher=O.A. Schulz |location=Leipzig |language=de }}</ref>
* 1870 - Synagogue consecrated.<ref name=Spector2001 />
* 1870 – Synagogue consecrated.<ref name=Spector2001 />
* 1871 - Town becomes part of the [[German Empire]].
* 1871 – Town becomes part of the [[German Empire]].
* 1872 - Neu-Westend developed.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Social Work at the Krupp Foundries, Essen, A. R., Germany |author= Samuel M. Lindsay |journal= Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science |volume= 3 |year=1892 |jstor=1008598 }}</ref>
* 1872 – Neu-Westend developed.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Social Work at the Krupp Foundries, Essen, A. R., Germany |author= Samuel M. Lindsay |journal= Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science |volume= 3 |pages= 74–106 |year=1892 |jstor=1008598 }}</ref>
* 1873 - [[Villa Hügel]] (Krupp residence) built.
* 1873 – [[Villa Hügel]] (Krupp residence) built.
* 1875 - Population: 54,790.<ref name=brit1910 />
* 1875 – Population: 54,790.<ref name=brit1910 />
* 1880 - Historical Society for the City and Convent of Essen founded.
* 1880 – Historical Society for the City and Convent of Essen founded.
* 1881
* 1881
** Essener Turnerbund athletic club formed.
** Essener Turnerbund athletic club formed.
** ''Beiträge zur Geschichte von Stadt und Stift Essen'' (journal of city history) begins publication.<ref>{{citation |title=Beiträge zur Geschichte von Stadt und Stift Essen |issn=0341-9088 |url= http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000524769 |author=Historischer Verein für Stadt und Stift Essen |language=German}}</ref>
** ''Beiträge zur Geschichte von Stadt und Stift Essen'' (journal of city history) begins publication.<ref>{{citation |title=Beiträge zur Geschichte von Stadt und Stift Essen |issn=0341-9088 |url= http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000524769 |author=Historischer Verein für Stadt und Stift Essen |language=de}}</ref>
* 1886 - Photographische Genossenschaft von Essen (photography group) founded.<ref name=kunsthandbuch1904>{{cite book|author=Königliche Museen zu Berlin|title=Kunsthandbuch für Deutschland |url=https://archive.org/stream/kunsthandbuchfr00berlgoog#page/n4/mode/2up |edition=6th |language=German |year=1904|publisher=Georg Reimer}}</ref>
* 1886 – Photographische Genossenschaft von Essen (photography group) founded.<ref name=kunsthandbuch1904>{{cite book|author=Königliche Museen zu Berlin|title=Kunsthandbuch für Deutschland |url=https://archive.org/stream/kunsthandbuchfr00berlgoog#page/n4/mode/2up |edition=6th |language=de |year=1904|publisher=Georg Reimer}}</ref>
[[File:Essen a54 v Stadtpanorama-1890.jpg|thumb|City centre with factories in the background in the 1890s]]
* 1892 - City Theatre opens.<ref>{{cite book|title=Neuer Theater Almanach |url= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uva.x030515383?urlappend=%3Bseq=443 |year=1909|publisher=Gunther & Sohn |location=Berlin |language=German }}</ref><ref>{{citation |title=Almanach 1919 der vereinigten Stadttheater Essens |location=Essen |publisher= Fredebeul & Koenen |year= 1919 |url= http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/008896322 |language=German }}</ref>
* 1892 – City Theatre opens.<ref>{{cite book|title=Neuer Theater Almanach |year=1909|publisher=Gunther & Sohn |location=Berlin |language=de |hdl=2027/uva.x030515383 }}</ref><ref>{{citation |title=Almanach 1919 der vereinigten Stadttheater Essens |location=Essen |publisher= Fredebeul & Koenen |year= 1919 |url= http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/008896322 |language=de }}</ref>
* 1893
* 1893
** Electric tram begins operating.
** Electric tram begins operating.
** [[Rhenish-Westphalian Coal Syndicate]] headquartered in Essen.
** [[Rhenish-Westphalian Coal Syndicate]] headquartered in Essen.
* 1898 - Krupp's Essener Hof (hotel) built.
* 1898 – Krupp's Essener Hof (hotel) built.
* 1899 - Essen Philharmonic Orchestra founded.<ref name="Lawson2003-19th">{{cite book|editor= [[Colin Lawson]] |title= Cambridge Companion to the Orchestra|year= 2003|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-00132-8 |chapter= Orchestras Founded in the 19th Century (chronological list) |chapterurl= https://books.google.com/books?id=1DW1WyiooSMC&pg=PA275 }}</ref>
* 1899 – Essen Philharmonic Orchestra founded.<ref name="Lawson2003-19th">{{cite book|editor= Colin Lawson|editor-link= Colin Lawson|title= Cambridge Companion to the Orchestra|year= 2003|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-00132-8 |chapter= Orchestras Founded in the 19th Century (chronological list) |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=1DW1WyiooSMC&pg=PA275 }}</ref>


==20th century==
==20th century==
===1900s-1940s===
===1900s–1940s===

{{Expand section|date=December 2013}}
* 1901
* 1901
** [[Museum Folkwang|Folkwang Museum]] founded.
** [[Museum Folkwang|Folkwang Museum]] founded.
** [[Heinrich Koppers]] AG in business.
** [[Heinrich Koppers]] AG in business.
* 1905 - Population: 229,270.<ref name=brit1910 />
* 1905 – Population: 229,270.<ref name=brit1910 />
* 1906
* 1906
** [[Museum Folkwang|Essen Art Museum]] founded.
** [[Museum Folkwang|Essen Art Museum]] founded.
** Gartenstadt Margarethenhöhe developed.
** Gartenstadt Margarethenhöhe developed.
* 1908 - [[Moltkeviertel]] development begins.
* 1908 – [[Moltkeviertel]] development begins.
* 1913
* 1913
** [[Old Synagogue (Essen)|New Synagogue]] built.<ref name=Spector2001>{{cite book|editor=Shmuel Spector |title=Encyclopedia of Jewish Life Before and During the Holocaust |year= 2001 |publisher=NYU Press|isbn=978-0-8147-9376-3 |location=USA |chapter=Essen |page=370 }}</ref>
** [[Old Synagogue (Essen)|New Synagogue]] built.<ref name=Spector2001>{{cite book|editor=Shmuel Spector |title=Encyclopedia of Jewish Life Before and During the Holocaust |year= 2001 |publisher=NYU Press|isbn=978-0-8147-9376-3 |location=USA |chapter=Essen |page=370 }}</ref>
** Albrecht's shop in business (later [[Aldi]] chain supermarket).
** Albrecht's shop in business (later [[Aldi]] chain supermarket).
* 1920 – Consulate of Poland opens.<ref name=hc>{{cite book|last=Chałupczak|first=Henryk|editor-last1=Kaczmarek|editor-first1=Ryszard|editor-last2=Masnyk|editor-first2=Marek|year=2004|title=Konsulaty na pograniczu polsko-niemieckim i polsko-czechosłowackim w 1918–1939|language=pl|location=Katowice|publisher=Wydawnictwo [[University of Silesia in Katowice|Uniwersytetu Śląskiego]]|page=20|chapter=Powstanie i działalność polskich placówek konsularnych w okresie międzywojennym (ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem pogranicza polsko-niemiecko-czechosłowackiego)}}</ref>
* 1922 - [[Uhlenkrugstadion]] (stadium) built.
* 1923 - [[Rot-Weiss Essen]] football club active.
* 1922 – [[Uhlenkrugstadion]] (stadium) built.
[[File:French enter Essen LCCN2014715614.jpg|thumb|French troops enter Essen, 1923]]
* 1924 - Filmstudio Glückauf (cinema) opens.
* 1923
* 1925 - Essen/Mülheim Airport opens.{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}
** [[Rot-Weiss Essen]] football club active.
* 1927 - [[Botanischer Garten Grugapark|Grugapark Botanical Garden]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.grugapark.de/english/history.html |title=History |publisher= Grugapark Essen |accessdate=1 December 2013}}</ref><ref name=botanic>{{cite web |url=http://www.bgci.org/garden_search.php?action=Find&ftrCountry=DE |title=Garden Search: Germany |publisher= [[Botanic Gardens Conservation International]] |location=London |accessdate= 30 September 2015 }}</ref> and [[Folkwang School]] for the arts open.
** [[France|French]] troops enter the city.
* 1928 - Lichtburg Playhouse (cinema) opens.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://cinematreasures.org/theaters/germany/essen?status=all |title=Movie Theaters in Essen, Germany |work=CinemaTreasures.org |publisher= Cinema Treasures LLC |location=Los Angeles |accessdate=1 December 2013 }}</ref>
* 1924 – Filmstudio Glückauf (cinema) opens.
* 1929 - [[Essen-Werden|Werden]] becomes part of city.
* 1925 – Essen/Mülheim Airport opens.{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}
* 1932 - [[Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex|Zollverein Mine Shaft 12]] built.
* 1927 – [[Botanischer Garten Grugapark|Grugapark Botanical Garden]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.grugapark.de/english/history.html |title=History |publisher= Grugapark Essen |access-date=1 December 2013}}</ref><ref name=botanic>{{cite web |url=http://www.bgci.org/garden_search.php?action=Find&ftrCountry=DE |title=Garden Search: Germany |publisher= [[Botanic Gardens Conservation International]] |location=London |access-date= 30 September 2015 }}</ref> and [[Folkwang School]] for the arts open.
* 1933 - Theodor Reismann-Grone becomes mayor.
* 1928 – Lichtburg Playhouse (cinema) opens.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://cinematreasures.org/theaters/germany/essen?status=all |title=Movie Theaters in Essen, Germany |work=CinemaTreasures.org |publisher= Cinema Treasures LLC |location=Los Angeles |access-date=1 December 2013 }}</ref>
* 1937 - Just Dillgardt becomes mayor.
* 1929 – [[Essen-Werden|Werden]] becomes part of city.
* 1939 - [[Georg-Melches-Stadion|Stadion an der Hafenstraße]] (stadium) built.
* 1932 – [[Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex|Zollverein Mine Shaft 12]] built.
* 1942 - March: [[Bombing of Essen in World War II|Bombing of Essen]] by Allied forces begins.
* 1933 – Theodor Reismann-Grone becomes mayor.
* 1945 - March: [[Bombing of Essen in World War II|Bombing of Essen]] by Allied forces ends.
* 1936 – Consulate of Poland relocated to [[Düsseldorf]].<ref name=hc/>
* 1946 - City becomes part of [[North Rhine-Westphalia]].
* 1937 – Just Dillgardt becomes mayor.
* 1939 – [[Georg-Melches-Stadion|Stadion an der Hafenstraße]] (stadium) built.
* 1942 – March: [[Bombing of Essen in World War II|Bombing of Essen]] by Allied forces begins.
* 1944
** 2 January: Schwarze Poth [[Forced labour under German rule during World War II|forced labour]] camp established by the [[SS]]. Its prisoners were mostly [[Russians]] and [[Polish people|Poles]].<ref name=Poth>{{cite web|url=https://www.aussenlager-buchenwald.de/details.html?camp=35|title=Essen (Schwarze Poth)|website=aussenlager-buchenwald.de|access-date=8 August 2022|language=de}}</ref>
** 17 May: Schwarze Poth forced labour camp converted into a [[List of subcamps of Buchenwald|subcamp]] of the [[Buchenwald concentration camp]].<ref name=Poth/>
** August: Humboldtstraße subcamp of the Buchenwald concentration camp established. Its prisoners were mostly [[Jews|Jewish]] women.<ref name=Humboldt>{{cite web|url=https://www.aussenlager-buchenwald.de/details.html?camp=96|title=Essen (Humboldtstraße)|website=aussenlager-buchenwald.de|access-date=8 August 2022|language=de}}</ref>
* 1945
** March: Schwarze Poth and Humboldtstraße subcamps of Buchenwald dissolved. Prisoners deported to the main Buchenwald camp.<ref name=Poth/><ref name=Humboldt/>
** March: [[Bombing of Essen in World War II|Bombing of Essen]] by Allied forces ends.
* 1946 – City becomes part of [[North Rhine-Westphalia]].
* 1948
* 1948
** ''[[Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung]]'' (newspaper) begins publication.
** ''[[Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung]]'' (newspaper) begins publication.
Line 84: Line 97:
** Hans Toussaint becomes mayor.
** Hans Toussaint becomes mayor.


===1950s-1990s===
===1950s–1990s===

{{Expand section|date=December 2013}}
* 1951 - Amerikahaus built.
* 1951 – Amerikahaus built.
* 1957 - [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Essen]] founded.<ref name=katolsk>{{cite web |title=Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Germany |url= http://www.katolsk.no/organisasjon/verden/chronology/germany |publisher=Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese) |location=Norway |accessdate= 30 September 2015 }}</ref>
* 1957 – [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Essen]] founded.<ref name=katolsk>{{cite web |title=Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Germany |url= http://www.katolsk.no/organisasjon/verden/chronology/germany |publisher=Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese) |location=Norway |access-date= 30 September 2015 }}</ref>
* 1958 - [[Grugahalle]] sports arena opens.
* 1958 – [[Grugahalle]] sports arena opens.
* 1961 - Sammlung Industrieform (museum) opens.<ref name="Betts2004">{{cite book|author=Paul Betts|title=The Authority of Everyday Objects: A Cultural History of West German Industrial Design|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NJV75Z8xRlIC|year=2004|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-94135-9}}</ref>
* 1961 – Sammlung Industrieform (museum) opens.<ref name="Betts2004">{{cite book|author=Paul Betts|title=The Authority of Everyday Objects: A Cultural History of West German Industrial Design|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NJV75Z8xRlIC|year=2004|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-94135-9}}</ref>
* 1962 – City hosts the [[1962 European Judo Championships]].
* 1965
* 1965
** City hosts [[Bundesgartenschau]] (national horticulture biennial).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bundesgartenschau.de/buga-iga/bisherige-gartenschauen/ |title=Bisherige Gartenschauen |language=German |trans_title=Previous Garden Shows |publisher=Deutsche Bundesgartenschau-Gesellschaft |location=Bonn |accessdate=2 December 2013}}</ref>
** City hosts [[Bundesgartenschau]] (national horticulture biennial).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bundesgartenschau.de/buga-iga/bisherige-gartenschauen/ |title=Bisherige Gartenschauen |language=de |trans-title=Previous Garden Shows |publisher=Deutsche Bundesgartenschau-Gesellschaft |location=Bonn |access-date=2 December 2013}}</ref>
** [[Das Kleine Theater Essen|Little Theatre]] founded.
** [[Das Kleine Theater Essen|Little Theatre]] founded.
* 1968 - [[Essen Motor Show]] begins.
* 1968 – [[Essen Motor Show]] begins.
[[File:Essen, am Hauptbahnhof 1970 (3).jpg|thumb|Essen in 1970]]
* 1975 - [[Kettwig]] becomes part of city.
* 1975 – [[Kettwig]] becomes part of city.
* 1979 - [[Essen City Hall]] built.
* 1983 - [[Spiel]], world's biggest non-electronic game trade fair begins.
* 1979 – [[Essen City Hall]] built.
* 1983 – [[Spiel]], world's biggest non-electronic game trade fair begins.
* 1988 - [[Aalto Theatre]] opens.<ref name=rubin2001>{{cite book|editor=Don Rubin|title=World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre |volume=1: Europe |year=2001 |publisher=Routledge|isbn=9780415251570 }}</ref>
* 1988 – [[Aalto Theatre]] opens.<ref name=rubin2001>{{cite book |editor=Don Rubin |title=World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre |volume=1: Europe |year=2001 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9780415251570 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/worldencyclopedi0002unse_j6c2 }}</ref>
* 1989 - Annette Jäger becomes mayor.
* 1989 – Annette Jäger becomes mayor.
* 1991 - [[Offener Kanal Essen]] television begins broadcasting.
* 1991 – [[Offener Kanal Essen]] television begins broadcasting.
* 1993 – City hosts the [[1993 World Fencing Championships]].
* 1994 - [[Stratmanns Theater Europahaus]] opens.
* 1996 - [[GOP Varieté Essen]] theatre opens.
* 1994 – [[Stratmanns Theater Europahaus]] opens.
* 1996 – [[GOP Varieté Essen]] theatre opens.
* 1997 - Red Dot Design Museum active.
* 1997 – Red Dot Design Museum active.
* 1999
* 1999
** [[ThyssenKrupp]] conglomerate headquartered in city.
** [[ThyssenKrupp]] conglomerate headquartered in city.
** Wolfgang Reiniger becomes mayor.
** Wolfgang Reiniger becomes mayor.
* 2000 – [[SGS Essen]] football club formed.


==21st century==
==21st century==

{{Expand section|date=December 2013}}
* 2001 – [[Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex]] becomes a UNESCO [[World Heritage Site]].
* 2000 - [[SGS Essen]] football club formed.
* 2002 – [[Abu Ali group]], a jihadist cell with plans to bomb Jewish sites in Germany was arrested by the authorities
* 2001 - [[Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex]] becomes a UNESCO [[World Heritage Site]].
* 2003 - [[University of Duisburg-Essen]] established.
* 2003 – [[University of Duisburg-Essen]] established.
* 2009 - Reinhard Paß elected mayor.
* 2009 – Reinhard Paß elected mayor.
* 2010 - City designated a [[European Capital of Culture]].
* 2010 – City designated that year's [[European Capital of Culture]] on behalf of the entire [[Ruhr area]].
* 2012
* 2012
** [[Stadion Essen]] (stadium) opens.
** [[Stadion Essen]] (stadium) opens.
** Population: 566,862.
** Population: 566,862.
* 2014 - June: [[2014 Pentecost weekend storms in Europe|Storm]].
* 2014 – June: [[2014 Pentecost weekend storms in Europe|Storm]].
* 2017 - City designated that year's [[European Green Capital]].


==See also==
==See also==
* [[Essen#History|History of Essen]]
* [[Essen#History|History of Essen]]
* {{Interlanguage link multi|List of mayors of Essen|de|3=Liste der Stadtoberhäupter von Essen}}
* {{ill|List of mayors of Essen|de|Liste der Stadtoberhäupter von Essen}}
* [[History of the Ruhr]], includes timeline
* [[History of the Ruhr]], includes timeline
* [[Urbanization in the German Empire]]

Other cities in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia:<sup>([[:de:Liste der Städte und Gemeinden in Nordrhein-Westfalen|de]])</sup>
* [[:Category:Timelines of cities in Germany|Timelines]] of other [[List of cities in Germany by population|cities]] in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia:<sup>([[:de:Liste der Städte und Gemeinden in Nordrhein-Westfalen|de]])</sup> [[Timeline of Aachen|Aachen]], [[Timeline of Bonn|Bonn]], [[Timeline of Cologne|Cologne]], [[Timeline of Dortmund|Dortmund]], [[Timeline of Duisburg|Duisburg]], [[Timeline of Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf]], [[Timeline of Münster|Münster]]
* [[Timeline of Aachen]]
* [[Timeline of Bonn]]
* [[Timeline of Cologne]]
* [[Timeline of Dortmund]]
* [[Timeline of Duisburg]]
* [[Timeline of Düsseldorf]]
* [[Timeline of Münster]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
{{Reflist}}
''This article incorporates information from the [[German Wikipedia]].''


==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==
{{Refbegin}}

===in English===
===in English===
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
|publisher = [[Murray's Handbooks for Travellers|J. Murray]] |publication-place = London |year=1877 |title=Handbook for North Germany |chapter=Essen |chapterurl=https://archive.org/stream/handbookfornort00firgoog#page/n200/mode/2up
|publisher = [[Murray's Handbooks for Travellers|J. Murray]] |location = London |year=1877 |title=Handbook for North Germany |chapter=Essen |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/handbookfornort00firgoog#page/n200/mode/2up}}
}}
* {{Citation
* {{Citation
|publication-date = 1896 |title = [[Bradshaw's Guide|Bradshaw's Illustrated Hand-book to Germany and Austria]] |publication-place = London |publisher = W.J. Adams & Sons |chapter=Essen |chapterurl=https://archive.org/stream/bradshawsillust10bradgoog#page/n70/mode/1up
|date = 1896 |title = Bradshaw's Illustrated Hand-book to Germany and Austria |location = London |publisher = W.J. Adams & Sons |chapter=Essen |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/bradshawsillust10bradgoog#page/n70/mode/1up
|title-link = Bradshaw's Guide }}
}}
* {{Citation
* {{Citation
| publisher = Karl Baedeker | publication-place = Leipzig | title = Northern Germany | edition = 15th | publication-date = 1910 | oclc = 78390379 |chapter=Essen |chapterurl= https://archive.org/stream/northerngerma00karl#page/32/mode/1up }}
| publisher = Karl Baedeker | location = Leipzig | title = Northern Germany | edition = 15th | date = 1910 | oclc = 78390379 |chapter=Essen |chapter-url= https://archive.org/stream/northerngerma00karl#page/32/mode/1up }}
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Essen |volume= 9 | pages = 778&ndash;779 |short= 1}}
* {{cite journal
* {{cite journal
|title=Social Continuity and Political Radicalization: Essen in the World War I Era |author= Eric D. Weitz |journal= Social Science History |volume= 9
|title=Social Continuity and Political Radicalization: Essen in the World War I Era |author= Eric D. Weitz |journal= Social Science History |volume= 9
|year= 1985
|issue= 1 |year= 1985
|jstor=1170918
|jstor=1170918
|doi=10.1017/s0145553200020307
}}
|pages=49–69|ref=none}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
|editor=John M. Jeep
|editor=John M. Jeep
Line 161: Line 170:
|publisher=[[Garland Publishing]] |isbn=0-8240-7644-3
|publisher=[[Garland Publishing]] |isbn=0-8240-7644-3
|chapter=Essen
|chapter=Essen
|ref=none}}
|pages=
}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
|editor1=[[Gavriel David Rosenfeld]] |editor2=Paul B. Jaskot
|editor1=Gavriel David Rosenfeld
|editor-link=Gavriel David Rosenfeld
|editor2=Paul B. Jaskot
|title=Beyond Berlin: Twelve German Cities Confront the Nazi Past
|title=Beyond Berlin: Twelve German Cities Confront the Nazi Past
|year=2008
|year=2008
|url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/005671274 |via=HathiTrust
|chapter-url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/005671274 |via=HathiTrust
|publisher=University of Michigan Press |location=USA |isbn=978-0-472-11611-9
|publisher=University of Michigan Press |location=USA |isbn=978-0-472-11611-9
|chapter= Inventing Industrial Culture in Essen |author=K. James-Chakraborty |page=116+
|chapter= Inventing Industrial Culture in Essen |author=K. James-Chakraborty |pages=116+|ref=none}} (fulltext)
}} (fulltext)


===in German===
===in German===
* {{Citation
* {{Citation
|publisher = H. Kamp |author = F. Ph. Funcke |url = http://openlibrary.org/books/OL20454145M/Geschichte_des_Fürstenthums_und_der_Stadt_Essen_Ein_Beitrag_zur_Geschichte_Rheinland-westphalens |title = Geschichte des Fürstenthums und der Stadt Essen |trans_title=History of the principality and the city of Essen |publication-date = 1848 |oclc = 38688441 |language=German
|publisher = H. Kamp |author = F. Ph. Funcke |title = Geschichte des Fürstenthums und der Stadt Essen |trans-title=History of the principality and the city of Essen |date = 1848 |oclc = 38688441 |language=de
|ol = 20454145M|ref=none}}
}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
|editor = [[Paul Clemen]]
|editor = Paul Clemen
|editor-link = Paul Clemen
|series = {{Interlanguage link multi|Die Kunstdenkmäler der Rheinprovinz|de}}
|series = {{ill|Die Kunstdenkmäler der Rheinprovinz|de}}
|publisher =Schwann
|publisher =Schwann
|volume=2
|volume=2
Line 184: Line 194:
|location =Dusseldorf
|location =Dusseldorf
|year =1893
|year =1893
|language =German
|language =de
|url =http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/009438435
|url =http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/009438435|ref=none}}
}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
|title=Industriestadt Essen in Wort und Bild
|title=Industriestadt Essen in Wort und Bild
|year=1902
|year=1902
|author=T. Kellen |language=German |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=niENAAAAYAAJ |location=Essen-Ruhr |publisher=Fredebeul & Koenen
|author=T. Kellen |language=de |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_niENAAAAYAAJ |location=Essen-Ruhr |publisher=Fredebeul & Koenen|ref=none}}
}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
|editor=P. Krauss |editor2=E. Uetrecht
|editor=P. Krauss |editor2=E. Uetrecht
|title=Meyers Deutscher Städteatlas |trans_title=Meyer's Atlas of German Cities
|title=Meyers Deutscher Städteatlas |trans-title=Meyer's Atlas of German Cities
|year=1913
|year=1913
|publisher=[[Bibliographisches Institut]]
|publisher=[[Bibliographisches Institut]]
|location=Leipzig
|location=Leipzig
|language=German
|language=de
|url=http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/009018394
|chapter-url=http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/009018394
|chapter= Essen
|chapter= Essen|ref=none}}
}}
* {{citation
* {{citation
|series=Deutscher Städteatlas
|series=Deutscher Städteatlas
|isbn=3891150008
|isbn=3891150008
|editors= {{Interlanguage link multi|Institut für vergleichende Städtegeschichte|de}}
|publisher={{ill|Institut für vergleichende Städtegeschichte|de}}
|language=German
|language=de
|volume= 4
|volume= 4
|year= 1989
|year= 1989
|title= Essen
|title= Essen}}
}}

{{refend}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category|Essen}}
*{{Commons category-inline|Essen}}
* Europeana. [http://www.europeana.eu/portal/search.html?query=what%3Aessen&rows=96 Items about Essen], various dates.
* Europeana. [https://www.europeana.eu/portal/search.html?query=what%3Aessen&rows=96 Items about Essen], various dates.


{{coord|51.450833|7.013056|type:city|display=title}}
{{Coord|51.450833|7.013056|type:city|display=title}}
{{Germany year nav}}
{{Germany year nav}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}


[[Category:Years in Germany]]
[[Category:History of North Rhine-Westphalia|essen]]
[[Category:Timelines of cities in Germany|Essen]]
[[Category:Timelines of cities in Germany|Essen]]
[[Category:Lists by city in Germany|essen]]
[[Category:History of Essen]]
[[Category:Essen| ]]
[[Category:History of the Rhineland]]
[[Category:Histories of cities in Germany|essen]]

Latest revision as of 20:34, 3 August 2024

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Essen, Germany.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Prior to 19th century

[edit]
Part of a series on the
History of Germany
Topics
Early history
Middle Ages
Early Modern period
Unification
German Reich
German Empire1871–1918
World War I1914–1918
Weimar Republic1918–1933
Nazi Germany1933–1945
World War II1939–1945
Contemporary Germany
1945–1949/1952
Expulsion of Germans1944–1950
1949–1990
1990
Modern historysince 1990
  • 845 – Essen Abbey founded (approximate date).
  • 971 – Mathilde, granddaughter of Otto I becomes abbess of Essen Abbey.
  • 1012 – Sophia, daughter of Otto II becomes abbottess of the Essen Stift.
  • 1041 – Essen receives rights to a market.
  • 1244 – The association of the ministeriales of the Essen Abbey and the citizens of the town of Essen arrange for the Essen town walls [de] to be erected.
  • 1316 – Essen Minster (church) dedicated.
  • 1390 – Essener Schützenverein (militia) formed.[1]
  • 1598 – Borbeck Castle rebuilt.[citation needed]
  • 1736 – Neueste Essendische Nachrichten von Staats- und Gelehrten Sachen (Newest Essen News of State and Learned Matters) newspaper begins publication.
  • 1797 – G. D. Baedeker Verlag [de] bookseller in business.[2]

19th century

[edit]
  • 1802 – Area occupied by Prussian troops.
  • 1803
  • 1810 – Krupp foundry in business.
  • 1814 – Town becomes part of Prussia.[3]
  • 1822 – Town becomes part of the Rhine Province.
  • 1841 – Simon Hirschland Bank in business.
  • 1847 – Essen-Bergeborbeck station opens.
  • 1849 – Population: 8,813.[3]
  • 1851 – Zollverein Coal Mine begins operating.
  • 1862 – Essen Hauptbahnhof and Essen-Borbeck station open.
  • 1866 – Fredebeul & Koenen booksellers in business.[2]
  • 1870 – Synagogue consecrated.[4]
  • 1871 – Town becomes part of the German Empire.
  • 1872 – Neu-Westend developed.[5]
  • 1873 – Villa Hügel (Krupp residence) built.
  • 1875 – Population: 54,790.[3]
  • 1880 – Historical Society for the City and Convent of Essen founded.
  • 1881
    • Essener Turnerbund athletic club formed.
    • Beiträge zur Geschichte von Stadt und Stift Essen (journal of city history) begins publication.[6]
  • 1886 – Photographische Genossenschaft von Essen (photography group) founded.[7]
City centre with factories in the background in the 1890s
  • 1892 – City Theatre opens.[8][9]
  • 1893
  • 1898 – Krupp's Essener Hof (hotel) built.
  • 1899 – Essen Philharmonic Orchestra founded.[10]

20th century

[edit]

1900s–1940s

[edit]
French troops enter Essen, 1923

1950s–1990s

[edit]
Essen in 1970

21st century

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Hermann Tallau (2008). "Alteste (100) Schützenvereinigungen 799-1392". Ein Kaleidoskop zum Schützenwesen (in German). Duderstadt: Mecke Druck und Verlag. ISBN 978-3-936617-85-6.
  2. ^ a b Allgemeines Adreßbuch für den deutschen Buchhandel ... 1870 (in German). Leipzig: O.A. Schulz. 1870.
  3. ^ a b c d e Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Essen" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 778–779.
  4. ^ a b Shmuel Spector, ed. (2001). "Essen". Encyclopedia of Jewish Life Before and During the Holocaust. USA: NYU Press. p. 370. ISBN 978-0-8147-9376-3.
  5. ^ Samuel M. Lindsay (1892). "Social Work at the Krupp Foundries, Essen, A. R., Germany". Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 3: 74–106. JSTOR 1008598.
  6. ^ Historischer Verein für Stadt und Stift Essen, Beiträge zur Geschichte von Stadt und Stift Essen (in German), ISSN 0341-9088
  7. ^ Königliche Museen zu Berlin (1904). Kunsthandbuch für Deutschland (in German) (6th ed.). Georg Reimer.
  8. ^ Neuer Theater Almanach (in German). Berlin: Gunther & Sohn. 1909. hdl:2027/uva.x030515383.
  9. ^ Almanach 1919 der vereinigten Stadttheater Essens (in German), Essen: Fredebeul & Koenen, 1919
  10. ^ Colin Lawson, ed. (2003). "Orchestras Founded in the 19th Century (chronological list)". Cambridge Companion to the Orchestra. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00132-8.
  11. ^ a b Chałupczak, Henryk (2004). "Powstanie i działalność polskich placówek konsularnych w okresie międzywojennym (ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem pogranicza polsko-niemiecko-czechosłowackiego)". In Kaczmarek, Ryszard; Masnyk, Marek (eds.). Konsulaty na pograniczu polsko-niemieckim i polsko-czechosłowackim w 1918–1939 (in Polish). Katowice: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego. p. 20.
  12. ^ "History". Grugapark Essen. Retrieved 1 December 2013.
  13. ^ "Garden Search: Germany". London: Botanic Gardens Conservation International. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
  14. ^ "Movie Theaters in Essen, Germany". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 1 December 2013.
  15. ^ a b c "Essen (Schwarze Poth)". aussenlager-buchenwald.de (in German). Retrieved 8 August 2022.
  16. ^ a b "Essen (Humboldtstraße)". aussenlager-buchenwald.de (in German). Retrieved 8 August 2022.
  17. ^ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Germany". Norway: Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese). Retrieved 30 September 2015.
  18. ^ Paul Betts (2004). The Authority of Everyday Objects: A Cultural History of West German Industrial Design. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-94135-9.
  19. ^ "Bisherige Gartenschauen" [Previous Garden Shows] (in German). Bonn: Deutsche Bundesgartenschau-Gesellschaft. Retrieved 2 December 2013.
  20. ^ Don Rubin, ed. (2001). World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre. Vol. 1: Europe. Routledge. ISBN 9780415251570.

Bibliography

[edit]

in English

[edit]

in German

[edit]
[edit]

51°27′03″N 7°00′47″E / 51.450833°N 7.013056°E / 51.450833; 7.013056

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