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{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
The following is a '''timeline of the [[Essen#History|history]] of the city of [[Essen]]''', [[Germany]].
The following is a '''timeline of the [[Essen#History|history]] of the city of [[Essen]]''', [[Germany]].
{{Dynamic list}}
{{Dynamic list}}
Line 4: Line 6:


==Prior to 19th century==
==Prior to 19th century==
{{Expand section|date=December 2013}}
{{History of Germany}}
{{History of Germany}}


* 845 - [[Essen Abbey]] founded (approximate date).
* 845 – [[Essen Abbey]] founded (approximate date).
* 971 - [[Mathilde, Abbess of Essen|Mathilde]], granddaughter of [[Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto I]] becomes abbess of Essen Abbey.
* 971 – [[Mathilde, Abbess of Essen|Mathilde]], granddaughter of [[Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto I]] becomes abbess of Essen Abbey.
* 1012 - [[Sophia I, Abbess of Gandersheim|Sophia]], daughter of [[Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto II]] becomes abbottess of the [[Essen Abbey|Essen Stift]].
* 1012 – [[Sophia I, Abbess of Gandersheim|Sophia]], daughter of [[Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto II]] becomes abbottess of the [[Essen Abbey|Essen Stift]].
* 1041 - Essen receives rights to a market.
* 1041 – Essen receives rights to a market.
* 1244 - The association of the [[ministeriales]] of the Essen Abbey and the citizens of the town of [[Essen]] arrange for the {{ill|de|Essen town walls|Essener Stadtmauer}} to be erected.
* 1244 – The association of the [[ministeriales]] of the Essen Abbey and the citizens of the town of [[Essen]] arrange for the {{ill|Essen town walls|de|Essener Stadtmauer}} to be erected.
* 1316 - [[Essen Minster]] (church) dedicated.
* 1316 – [[Essen Minster]] (church) dedicated.
* 1390 – Essener Schützenverein ([[Schützenverein|militia]]) formed.<ref name="Tallau2008">{{cite book|author=Hermann Tallau |title=Ein Kaleidoskop zum Schützenwesen |year= 2008|publisher=Mecke Druck und Verlag |location=Duderstadt |isbn=978-3-936617-85-6 |language=de |chapter= Alteste (100) Schützenvereinigungen 799-1392 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MnyAc2VzNXwC&pg=PA67 }}</ref>
* 1598 - Borbeck Castle rebuilt.{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}
* 1598 – Borbeck Castle rebuilt.{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}
* 1736 - ''Neueste Essendische Nachrichten von Staats- und Gelehrten Sachen'' (Newest Essen News of State and Learned Matters) newspaper begins publication.
* 1736 – ''Neueste Essendische Nachrichten von Staats- und Gelehrten Sachen'' (Newest Essen News of State and Learned Matters) newspaper begins publication.
* 1797 - {{ill|de|G. D. Baedeker Verlag}} bookseller in business.<ref name=schulz1870 />
* 1797 – {{ill|G. D. Baedeker Verlag|de}} bookseller in business.<ref name=schulz1870 />


==19th century==
==19th century==
* 1802 - Area occupied by Prussian troops.
* 1802 – Area occupied by Prussian troops.
* 1803
* 1803
** Essen Abbey secularized.<ref name=brit1910 />
** Essen Abbey secularized.<ref name=brit1910 />
** [[Franz Dinnendahl]] builds steam engine.
** [[Franz Dinnendahl]] builds steam engine.
* 1810 - [[Krupp]] foundry in business.
* 1810 – [[Krupp]] foundry in business.
* 1814 - Town becomes part of Prussia.<ref name=brit1910 />
* 1814 – Town becomes part of Prussia.<ref name=brit1910 />
* 1822 - Town becomes part of the [[Rhine Province]].
* 1822 – Town becomes part of the [[Rhine Province]].
* 1841 - [[Simon Hirschland Bank]] in business.
* 1841 – [[Simon Hirschland Bank]] in business.
* 1847 - [[Essen-Bergeborbeck station]] opens.
* 1847 – [[Essen-Bergeborbeck station]] opens.
* 1849 - Population: 8,813.<ref name=brit1910>{{Citation |publisher = Encyclopaedia Britannica Co. |publication-place = New York |title = Encyclopaedia Britannica |publication-date = 1910 |oclc = 14782424 |edition=11th |chapterurl =http://archive.org/stream/encyclopaediabrit09chisrich#page/778/mode/1up |chapter =Essen }}</ref>
* 1849 – Population: 8,813.<ref name=brit1910>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Essen |volume= 9 | pages = 778&ndash;779 }}</ref>
* 1851 - [[Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex|Zollverein Coal Mine]] begins operating.
* 1851 – [[Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex|Zollverein Coal Mine]] begins operating.
* 1862 - [[Essen Hauptbahnhof]] and [[Essen-Borbeck station]] open.
* 1862 – [[Essen Hauptbahnhof]] and [[Essen-Borbeck station]] open.
* 1866 - Fredebeul & Koenen booksellers in business.<ref name=schulz1870>{{cite book|title=Allgemeines Adreßbuch für den deutschen Buchhandel ... 1870 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=YNdEAAAAcAAJ|year=1870|publisher=O.A. Schulz |location=Leipzig |language=German }}</ref>
* 1866 – Fredebeul & Koenen booksellers in business.<ref name=schulz1870>{{cite book|title=Allgemeines Adreßbuch für den deutschen Buchhandel ... 1870 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YNdEAAAAcAAJ|year=1870|publisher=O.A. Schulz |location=Leipzig |language=de }}</ref>
* 1870 - Synagogue consecrated.<ref name=Spector2001 />
* 1870 – Synagogue consecrated.<ref name=Spector2001 />
* 1871 - Town becomes part of the [[German Empire]].
* 1871 – Town becomes part of the [[German Empire]].
* 1872 - Neu-Westend developed.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Social Work at the Krupp Foundries, Essen, A. R., Germany |author= Samuel M. Lindsay |journal= Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science |volume= 3 |year=1892 |jstor=1008598 }}</ref>
* 1872 – Neu-Westend developed.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Social Work at the Krupp Foundries, Essen, A. R., Germany |author= Samuel M. Lindsay |journal= Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science |volume= 3 |pages= 74–106 |year=1892 |jstor=1008598 }}</ref>
* 1873 - [[Villa Hügel]] (Krupp residence) built.
* 1873 – [[Villa Hügel]] (Krupp residence) built.
* 1875 - Population: 54,790.<ref name=brit1910 />
* 1875 – Population: 54,790.<ref name=brit1910 />
* 1880 - Historical Society for the City and Convent of Essen founded.
* 1880 – Historical Society for the City and Convent of Essen founded.
* 1881
* 1881
** Essener Turnerbund athletic club formed.
** Essener Turnerbund athletic club formed.
** ''Beiträge zur Geschichte von Stadt und Stift Essen'' (journal of city history) begins publication.<ref>{{citation |title=Beiträge zur Geschichte von Stadt und Stift Essen |issn=0341-9088 |url= http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000524769 |author=Historischer Verein für Stadt und Stift Essen |language=German}}</ref>
** ''Beiträge zur Geschichte von Stadt und Stift Essen'' (journal of city history) begins publication.<ref>{{citation |title=Beiträge zur Geschichte von Stadt und Stift Essen |issn=0341-9088 |url= http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000524769 |author=Historischer Verein für Stadt und Stift Essen |language=de}}</ref>
* 1886 - Photographische Genossenschaft von Essen (photography group) founded.<ref name=kunsthandbuch1904>{{cite book|author=Königliche Museen zu Berlin|title=Kunsthandbuch für Deutschland |url=http://archive.org/stream/kunsthandbuchfr00berlgoog#page/n4/mode/2up |edition=6th |language=German |year=1904|publisher=Georg Reimer}}</ref>
* 1886 – Photographische Genossenschaft von Essen (photography group) founded.<ref name=kunsthandbuch1904>{{cite book|author=Königliche Museen zu Berlin|title=Kunsthandbuch für Deutschland |url=https://archive.org/stream/kunsthandbuchfr00berlgoog#page/n4/mode/2up |edition=6th |language=de |year=1904|publisher=Georg Reimer}}</ref>
[[File:Essen a54 v Stadtpanorama-1890.jpg|thumb|City centre with factories in the background in the 1890s]]
* 1892 - City Theatre opens.<ref>{{cite book|title=Neuer Theater Almanach |url= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uva.x030515383?urlappend=%3Bseq=443 |year=1909|publisher=Gunther & Sohn |location=Berlin |language=German }}</ref><ref>{{citation |title=Almanach 1919 der vereinigten Stadttheater Essens |location=Essen |publisher= Fredebeul & Koenen |year= 1919 |url= http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/008896322 |language=German }}</ref>
* 1892 – City Theatre opens.<ref>{{cite book|title=Neuer Theater Almanach |year=1909|publisher=Gunther & Sohn |location=Berlin |language=de |hdl=2027/uva.x030515383 }}</ref><ref>{{citation |title=Almanach 1919 der vereinigten Stadttheater Essens |location=Essen |publisher= Fredebeul & Koenen |year= 1919 |url= http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/008896322 |language=de }}</ref>
* 1893
* 1893
** Electric tram begins operating.
** Electric tram begins operating.
** [[Rhenish-Westphalian Coal Syndicate]] headquartered in Essen.
** [[Rhenish-Westphalian Coal Syndicate]] headquartered in Essen.
* 1898 - Krupp's Essener Hof (hotel) built.
* 1898 – Krupp's Essener Hof (hotel) built.
* 1899 - Essen Philharmonic Orchestra founded.<ref name="Lawson2003-19th">{{cite book|editor= [[Colin Lawson]] |title= Cambridge Companion to the Orchestra|year= 2003|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-00132-8 |chapter= Orchestras Founded in the 19th Century (chronological list) |chapterurl= https://books.google.com/books?id=1DW1WyiooSMC&pg=PA275 }}</ref>
* 1899 – Essen Philharmonic Orchestra founded.<ref name="Lawson2003-19th">{{cite book|editor= Colin Lawson|editor-link= Colin Lawson|title= Cambridge Companion to the Orchestra|year= 2003|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-00132-8 |chapter= Orchestras Founded in the 19th Century (chronological list) |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=1DW1WyiooSMC&pg=PA275 }}</ref>


==20th century==
==20th century==
===1900s–1940s===


===1900s-1940s===
{{Expand section|date=December 2013}}
* 1901
* 1901
** [[Museum Folkwang|Folkwang Museum]] founded.
** [[Museum Folkwang|Folkwang Museum]] founded.
** [[Heinrich Koppers]] AG in business.
** [[Heinrich Koppers]] AG in business.
* 1905 - Population: 229,270.<ref name=brit1910 />
* 1905 – Population: 229,270.<ref name=brit1910 />
* 1906
* 1906
** [[Museum Folkwang|Essen Art Museum]] founded.
** [[Museum Folkwang|Essen Art Museum]] founded.
** Gartenstadt Margarethenhöhe developed.
** Gartenstadt Margarethenhöhe developed.
* 1908 - [[Moltkeviertel]] development begins.
* 1908 – [[Moltkeviertel]] development begins.
* 1913
* 1913 - [[Old Synagogue (Essen)|New Synagogue]] built.<ref name=Spector2001>{{cite book|editor=Shmuel Spector |title=Encyclopedia of Jewish Life Before and During the Holocaust |year= 2001 |publisher=NYU Press|isbn=978-0-8147-9376-3 |location=USA |chapter=Essen |page=370 }}</ref>
** [[Old Synagogue (Essen)|New Synagogue]] built.<ref name=Spector2001>{{cite book|editor=Shmuel Spector |title=Encyclopedia of Jewish Life Before and During the Holocaust |year= 2001 |publisher=NYU Press|isbn=978-0-8147-9376-3 |location=USA |chapter=Essen |page=370 }}</ref>
* 1922 - [[Uhlenkrugstadion]] (stadium) built.
** Albrecht's shop in business (later [[Aldi]] chain supermarket).
* 1923 - [[Rot-Weiss Essen]] football club active.
* 1920 – Consulate of Poland opens.<ref name=hc>{{cite book|last=Chałupczak|first=Henryk|editor-last1=Kaczmarek|editor-first1=Ryszard|editor-last2=Masnyk|editor-first2=Marek|year=2004|title=Konsulaty na pograniczu polsko-niemieckim i polsko-czechosłowackim w 1918–1939|language=pl|location=Katowice|publisher=Wydawnictwo [[University of Silesia in Katowice|Uniwersytetu Śląskiego]]|page=20|chapter=Powstanie i działalność polskich placówek konsularnych w okresie międzywojennym (ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem pogranicza polsko-niemiecko-czechosłowackiego)}}</ref>
* 1924 - Filmstudio Glückauf (cinema) opens.
* 1922 – [[Uhlenkrugstadion]] (stadium) built.
* 1925 - Essen/Mülheim Airport opens.{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}
[[File:French enter Essen LCCN2014715614.jpg|thumb|French troops enter Essen, 1923]]
* 1927 - [[Botanischer Garten Grugapark|Grugapark Botanical Garden]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.grugapark.de/english/history.html |title=History |publisher= Grugapark Essen |accessdate=1 December 2013}}</ref><ref name=botanic>{{cite web |url=http://www.bgci.org/garden_search.php?action=Find&ftrCountry=DE |title=Garden Search: Germany |publisher= [[Botanic Gardens Conservation International]] |location=London |accessdate= September 2015 }}</ref> and [[Folkwang School]] for the arts open.
* 1923
* 1928 - Lichtburg Playhouse (cinema) opens.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://cinematreasures.org/theaters/germany/essen?status=all |title=Movie Theaters in Essen, Germany |work=CinemaTreasures.org |publisher= Cinema Treasures LLC |location=Los Angeles |accessdate=1 December 2013 }}</ref>
* 1929 - [[Essen-Werden|Werden]] becomes part of city.
** [[Rot-Weiss Essen]] football club active.
** [[France|French]] troops enter the city.
* 1932 - [[Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex|Zollverein Mine Shaft 12]] built.
* 1924 – Filmstudio Glückauf (cinema) opens.
* 1933 - Theodor Reismann-Grone becomes mayor.
* 1925 – Essen/Mülheim Airport opens.{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}
* 1937 - Just Dillgardt becomes mayor.
* 1927 – [[Botanischer Garten Grugapark|Grugapark Botanical Garden]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.grugapark.de/english/history.html |title=History |publisher= Grugapark Essen |access-date=1 December 2013}}</ref><ref name=botanic>{{cite web |url=http://www.bgci.org/garden_search.php?action=Find&ftrCountry=DE |title=Garden Search: Germany |publisher= [[Botanic Gardens Conservation International]] |location=London |access-date= 30 September 2015 }}</ref> and [[Folkwang School]] for the arts open.
* 1939 - [[Georg-Melches-Stadion|Stadion an der Hafenstraße]] (stadium) built.
* 1928 – Lichtburg Playhouse (cinema) opens.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://cinematreasures.org/theaters/germany/essen?status=all |title=Movie Theaters in Essen, Germany |work=CinemaTreasures.org |publisher= Cinema Treasures LLC |location=Los Angeles |access-date=1 December 2013 }}</ref>
* 1942 - March: [[Bombing of Essen in World War II|Bombing of Essen]] by Allied forces begins.
* 1929 – [[Essen-Werden|Werden]] becomes part of city.
* 1945 - March: [[Bombing of Essen in World War II|Bombing of Essen]] by Allied forces ends.
* 1932 – [[Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex|Zollverein Mine Shaft 12]] built.
* 1946 - City becomes part of [[North Rhine-Westphalia]].
* 1933 – Theodor Reismann-Grone becomes mayor.
* 1936 – Consulate of Poland relocated to [[Düsseldorf]].<ref name=hc/>
* 1937 – Just Dillgardt becomes mayor.
* 1939 – [[Georg-Melches-Stadion|Stadion an der Hafenstraße]] (stadium) built.
* 1942 – March: [[Bombing of Essen in World War II|Bombing of Essen]] by Allied forces begins.
* 1944
** 2 January: Schwarze Poth [[Forced labour under German rule during World War II|forced labour]] camp established by the [[SS]]. Its prisoners were mostly [[Russians]] and [[Polish people|Poles]].<ref name=Poth>{{cite web|url=https://www.aussenlager-buchenwald.de/details.html?camp=35|title=Essen (Schwarze Poth)|website=aussenlager-buchenwald.de|access-date=8 August 2022|language=de}}</ref>
** 17 May: Schwarze Poth forced labour camp converted into a [[List of subcamps of Buchenwald|subcamp]] of the [[Buchenwald concentration camp]].<ref name=Poth/>
** August: Humboldtstraße subcamp of the Buchenwald concentration camp established. Its prisoners were mostly [[Jews|Jewish]] women.<ref name=Humboldt>{{cite web|url=https://www.aussenlager-buchenwald.de/details.html?camp=96|title=Essen (Humboldtstraße)|website=aussenlager-buchenwald.de|access-date=8 August 2022|language=de}}</ref>
* 1945
** March: Schwarze Poth and Humboldtstraße subcamps of Buchenwald dissolved. Prisoners deported to the main Buchenwald camp.<ref name=Poth/><ref name=Humboldt/>
** March: [[Bombing of Essen in World War II|Bombing of Essen]] by Allied forces ends.
* 1946 – City becomes part of [[North Rhine-Westphalia]].
* 1948
* 1948
** ''[[Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung]]'' (newspaper) begins publication.
** ''[[Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung]]'' (newspaper) begins publication.
Line 82: Line 97:
** Hans Toussaint becomes mayor.
** Hans Toussaint becomes mayor.


===1950s-1990s===
===1950s–1990s===

{{Expand section|date=December 2013}}
* 1951 - Amerikahaus built.
* 1951 – Amerikahaus built.
* 1957 - [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Essen]] founded.<ref name=katolsk>{{cite web |title=Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Germany |url= http://www.katolsk.no/organisasjon/verden/chronology/germany |publisher=Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese) |location=Norway |accessdate= September 2015 }}</ref>
* 1957 – [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Essen]] founded.<ref name=katolsk>{{cite web |title=Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Germany |url= http://www.katolsk.no/organisasjon/verden/chronology/germany |publisher=Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese) |location=Norway |access-date= 30 September 2015 }}</ref>
* 1958 - [[Grugahalle]] sports arena opens.
* 1958 – [[Grugahalle]] sports arena opens.
* 1961 - Sammlung Industrieform (museum) opens.<ref name="Betts2004">{{cite book|author=Paul Betts|title=The Authority of Everyday Objects: A Cultural History of West German Industrial Design|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=NJV75Z8xRlIC|year=2004|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-94135-9}}</ref>
* 1961 – Sammlung Industrieform (museum) opens.<ref name="Betts2004">{{cite book|author=Paul Betts|title=The Authority of Everyday Objects: A Cultural History of West German Industrial Design|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NJV75Z8xRlIC|year=2004|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-94135-9}}</ref>
* 1962 – City hosts the [[1962 European Judo Championships]].
* 1965
* 1965
** City hosts [[Bundesgartenschau]] (national horticulture biennial).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bundesgartenschau.de/buga-iga/bisherige-gartenschauen/ |title=Bisherige Gartenschauen |language=German |trans_title=Previous Garden Shows |publisher=Deutsche Bundesgartenschau-Gesellschaft |location=Bonn |accessdate=2 December 2013}}</ref>
** City hosts [[Bundesgartenschau]] (national horticulture biennial).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bundesgartenschau.de/buga-iga/bisherige-gartenschauen/ |title=Bisherige Gartenschauen |language=de |trans-title=Previous Garden Shows |publisher=Deutsche Bundesgartenschau-Gesellschaft |location=Bonn |access-date=2 December 2013}}</ref>
** [[Das Kleine Theater Essen|Little Theatre]] founded.
** [[Das Kleine Theater Essen|Little Theatre]] founded.
* 1968 - [[Essen Motor Show]] begins.
* 1968 – [[Essen Motor Show]] begins.
[[File:Essen, am Hauptbahnhof 1970 (3).jpg|thumb|Essen in 1970]]
* 1975 - [[Kettwig]] becomes part of city.
* 1975 – [[Kettwig]] becomes part of city.
* 1979 - [[Essen City Hall]] built.
* 1983 - [[Spiel]], world's biggest non-electronic game trade fair begins.
* 1979 – [[Essen City Hall]] built.
* 1983 – [[Spiel]], world's biggest non-electronic game trade fair begins.
* 1988 - [[Aalto Theatre]] opens.<ref name=rubin2001>{{cite book|editor=Don Rubin|title=World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre |volume=1: Europe |year=2001 |publisher=Routledge|isbn=9780415251570 }}</ref>
* 1988 – [[Aalto Theatre]] opens.<ref name=rubin2001>{{cite book |editor=Don Rubin |title=World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre |volume=1: Europe |year=2001 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9780415251570 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/worldencyclopedi0002unse_j6c2 }}</ref>
* 1989 - Annette Jäger becomes mayor.
* 1989 – Annette Jäger becomes mayor.
* 1991 - [[Offener Kanal Essen]] television begins broadcasting.
* 1991 – [[Offener Kanal Essen]] television begins broadcasting.
* 1993 – City hosts the [[1993 World Fencing Championships]].
* 1994 - [[Stratmanns Theater Europahaus]] opens.
* 1996 - [[GOP Varieté Essen]] theatre opens.
* 1994 – [[Stratmanns Theater Europahaus]] opens.
* 1996 – [[GOP Varieté Essen]] theatre opens.
* 1997 - Red Dot Design Museum active.
* 1997 – Red Dot Design Museum active.
* 1999
* 1999
** [[ThyssenKrupp]] conglomerate headquartered in city.
** [[ThyssenKrupp]] conglomerate headquartered in city.
** Wolfgang Reiniger becomes mayor.
** Wolfgang Reiniger becomes mayor.
* 2000 – [[SGS Essen]] football club formed.


==21st century==
==21st century==

{{Expand section|date=December 2013}}
* 2001 – [[Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex]] becomes a UNESCO [[World Heritage Site]].
* 2000 - [[SGS Essen]] football club formed.
* 2002 – [[Abu Ali group]], a jihadist cell with plans to bomb Jewish sites in Germany was arrested by the authorities
* 2001 - [[Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex]] becomes a UNESCO [[World Heritage Site]].
* 2003 - [[University of Duisburg-Essen]] established.
* 2003 – [[University of Duisburg-Essen]] established.
* 2009 - Reinhard Paß elected mayor.
* 2009 – Reinhard Paß elected mayor.
* 2010 - City designated a [[European Capital of Culture]].
* 2010 – City designated that year's [[European Capital of Culture]] on behalf of the entire [[Ruhr area]].
* 2012
* 2012
** [[Stadion Essen]] (stadium) opens.
** [[Stadion Essen]] (stadium) opens.
** Population: 566,862.
** Population: 566,862.
* 2014 – June: [[2014 Pentecost weekend storms in Europe|Storm]].
* 2017 - City designated that year's [[European Green Capital]].


==See also==
==See also==
* [[Essen#History|History of Essen]]
* [[Essen#History|History of Essen]]
* {{ill|de|List of mayors of Essen|Liste der Stadtoberhäupter von Essen}}
* {{ill|List of mayors of Essen|de|Liste der Stadtoberhäupter von Essen}}
* [[History of the Ruhr]], includes timeline
* [[History of the Ruhr]], includes timeline
* [[Urbanization in the German Empire]]
* [[:Category:Timelines of cities in Germany|Timelines]] of other [[List of cities in Germany by population|cities]] in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia:<sup>([[:de:Liste der Städte und Gemeinden in Nordrhein-Westfalen|de]])</sup> [[Timeline of Aachen|Aachen]], [[Timeline of Bonn|Bonn]], [[Timeline of Cologne|Cologne]], [[Timeline of Dortmund|Dortmund]], [[Timeline of Duisburg|Duisburg]], [[Timeline of Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf]], [[Timeline of Münster|Münster]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
{{Reflist}}
''This article incorporates information from the [[German Wikipedia]].''


==Further reading==
==Bibliography==
===in English===
;Published in the 19th century
* {{cite book
* {{Citation |publisher = H. Kamp |author = F. Ph. Funcke |url = http://openlibrary.org/books/OL20454145M/Geschichte_des_Fürstenthums_und_der_Stadt_Essen_Ein_Beitrag_zur_Geschichte_Rheinland-westphalens |title = Geschichte des Fürstenthums und der Stadt Essen |trans_title=History of the principality and the city of Essen |publication-date = 1848 |oclc = 38688441 |language=German }}
* {{cite book |publisher = [[Murray's Handbooks for Travellers|J. Murray]] |publication-place = London |year=1877 |title=Handbook for North Germany |chapter=Essen |chapterurl=http://www.archive.org/stream/handbookfornort00firgoog#page/n200/mode/2up }}
|publisher = [[Murray's Handbooks for Travellers|J. Murray]] |location = London |year=1877 |title=Handbook for North Germany |chapter=Essen |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/handbookfornort00firgoog#page/n200/mode/2up}}
* {{Citation
* {{cite book |title=Kunstdenkmäler der Stadt und des Kreises Essen |author=Paul Clemen |language=German |location=Düsseldorf |publisher= L. Schwann |year= 1893 |url=http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/008647906 }}
* {{Citation |publication-date = 1896 |title = [[Bradshaw's Guide|Bradshaw's Illustrated Hand-book to Germany and Austria]] |publication-place = London |publisher = W.J. Adams & Sons |chapter=Essen |chapterurl=http://archive.org/stream/bradshawsillust10bradgoog#page/n70/mode/1up }}
|date = 1896 |title = Bradshaw's Illustrated Hand-book to Germany and Austria |location = London |publisher = W.J. Adams & Sons |chapter=Essen |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/bradshawsillust10bradgoog#page/n70/mode/1up
|title-link = Bradshaw's Guide }}
* {{Citation
| publisher = Karl Baedeker | location = Leipzig | title = Northern Germany | edition = 15th | date = 1910 | oclc = 78390379 |chapter=Essen |chapter-url= https://archive.org/stream/northerngerma00karl#page/32/mode/1up }}
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Essen |volume= 9 | pages = 778&ndash;779 |short= 1}}
* {{cite journal
|title=Social Continuity and Political Radicalization: Essen in the World War I Era |author= Eric D. Weitz |journal= Social Science History |volume= 9
|issue= 1 |year= 1985
|jstor=1170918
|doi=10.1017/s0145553200020307
|pages=49–69|ref=none}}
* {{cite book
|editor=John M. Jeep
|title=Medieval Germany: an Encyclopedia
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p4uHav3mZLsC
|year= 2001
|publisher=[[Garland Publishing]] |isbn=0-8240-7644-3
|chapter=Essen
|ref=none}}
* {{cite book
|editor1=Gavriel David Rosenfeld
|editor-link=Gavriel David Rosenfeld
|editor2=Paul B. Jaskot
|title=Beyond Berlin: Twelve German Cities Confront the Nazi Past
|year=2008
|chapter-url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/005671274 |via=HathiTrust
|publisher=University of Michigan Press |location=USA |isbn=978-0-472-11611-9
|chapter= Inventing Industrial Culture in Essen |author=K. James-Chakraborty |pages=116+|ref=none}} (fulltext)


===in German===
;Published in the 20th century
* {{Citation
* {{cite book |title=Industriestadt Essen in Wort und Bild |year=1902 |author=T. Kellen |language=German |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=niENAAAAYAAJ |location=Essen-Ruhr |publisher=Fredebeul & Koenen }}
|publisher = H. Kamp |author = F. Ph. Funcke |title = Geschichte des Fürstenthums und der Stadt Essen |trans-title=History of the principality and the city of Essen |date = 1848 |oclc = 38688441 |language=de
* {{Citation | publisher = Karl Baedeker | publication-place = Leipzig | title = Northern Germany | edition = 15th | publication-date = 1910 | oclc = 78390379 |chapter=Essen |chapterurl= http://www.archive.org/stream/northerngerma00karl#page/32/mode/1up }}
|ol = 20454145M|ref=none}}
* {{cite journal |title=Social Continuity and Political Radicalization: Essen in the World War I Era |author= Eric D. Weitz |journal= Social Science History |volume= 9 |year= 1985 |jstor=1170918 }}
* {{cite book

|editor = Paul Clemen
;Published in the 21st century
|editor-link = Paul Clemen
* {{cite book|editor=Gavriel David Rosenfeld and Paul B. Jaskot|title=Beyond Berlin: Twelve German Cities Confront the Nazi Past |year=2008|publisher=University of Michigan Press |location=USA |isbn=978-0-472-11611-9 |chapter= Inventing Industrial Culture in Essen |author=K. James-Chakraborty |page=116+ }}
|series = {{ill|Die Kunstdenkmäler der Rheinprovinz|de}}
|publisher =Schwann
|volume=2
|title =Kunstdenkmäler der Stadt und des Kreises Essen
|location =Dusseldorf
|year =1893
|language =de
|url =http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/009438435|ref=none}}
* {{cite book
|title=Industriestadt Essen in Wort und Bild
|year=1902
|author=T. Kellen |language=de |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_niENAAAAYAAJ |location=Essen-Ruhr |publisher=Fredebeul & Koenen|ref=none}}
* {{cite book
|editor=P. Krauss |editor2=E. Uetrecht
|title=Meyers Deutscher Städteatlas |trans-title=Meyer's Atlas of German Cities
|year=1913
|publisher=[[Bibliographisches Institut]]
|location=Leipzig
|language=de
|chapter-url=http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/009018394
|chapter= Essen|ref=none}}
* {{citation
|series=Deutscher Städteatlas
|isbn=3891150008
|publisher={{ill|Institut für vergleichende Städtegeschichte|de}}
|language=de
|volume= 4
|year= 1989
|title= Essen}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category|Essen}}
*{{Commons category-inline|Essen}}
* Europeana. [http://www.europeana.eu/portal/search.html?query=what%3Aessen&rows=96 Items about Essen], various dates.
* Europeana. [https://www.europeana.eu/portal/search.html?query=what%3Aessen&rows=96 Items about Essen], various dates.


{{coord|51.450833|7.013056|type:city|display=title}}
{{Coord|51.450833|7.013056|type:city|display=title}}
{{Germany year nav}}
{{Germany year nav}}

[[Category:Years in Germany]]
[[Category:History of North Rhine-Westphalia|essen]]
[[Category:Timelines of cities in Germany|Essen]]
[[Category:Timelines of cities in Germany|Essen]]
[[Category:Lists by city in Germany|essen]]
[[Category:History of Essen]]
[[Category:Essen| ]]
[[Category:History of the Rhineland]]
[[Category:Histories of cities in Germany|essen]]

Latest revision as of 20:34, 3 August 2024

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Essen, Germany.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Prior to 19th century

[edit]
Part of a series on the
History of Germany
Topics
Early history
Middle Ages
Early Modern period
Unification
German Reich
German Empire1871–1918
World War I1914–1918
Weimar Republic1918–1933
Nazi Germany1933–1945
World War II1939–1945
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1945–1949/1952
Expulsion of Germans1944–1950
1949–1990
1990
Modern historysince 1990
  • 845 – Essen Abbey founded (approximate date).
  • 971 – Mathilde, granddaughter of Otto I becomes abbess of Essen Abbey.
  • 1012 – Sophia, daughter of Otto II becomes abbottess of the Essen Stift.
  • 1041 – Essen receives rights to a market.
  • 1244 – The association of the ministeriales of the Essen Abbey and the citizens of the town of Essen arrange for the Essen town walls [de] to be erected.
  • 1316 – Essen Minster (church) dedicated.
  • 1390 – Essener Schützenverein (militia) formed.[1]
  • 1598 – Borbeck Castle rebuilt.[citation needed]
  • 1736 – Neueste Essendische Nachrichten von Staats- und Gelehrten Sachen (Newest Essen News of State and Learned Matters) newspaper begins publication.
  • 1797 – G. D. Baedeker Verlag [de] bookseller in business.[2]

19th century

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  • 1802 – Area occupied by Prussian troops.
  • 1803
  • 1810 – Krupp foundry in business.
  • 1814 – Town becomes part of Prussia.[3]
  • 1822 – Town becomes part of the Rhine Province.
  • 1841 – Simon Hirschland Bank in business.
  • 1847 – Essen-Bergeborbeck station opens.
  • 1849 – Population: 8,813.[3]
  • 1851 – Zollverein Coal Mine begins operating.
  • 1862 – Essen Hauptbahnhof and Essen-Borbeck station open.
  • 1866 – Fredebeul & Koenen booksellers in business.[2]
  • 1870 – Synagogue consecrated.[4]
  • 1871 – Town becomes part of the German Empire.
  • 1872 – Neu-Westend developed.[5]
  • 1873 – Villa Hügel (Krupp residence) built.
  • 1875 – Population: 54,790.[3]
  • 1880 – Historical Society for the City and Convent of Essen founded.
  • 1881
    • Essener Turnerbund athletic club formed.
    • Beiträge zur Geschichte von Stadt und Stift Essen (journal of city history) begins publication.[6]
  • 1886 – Photographische Genossenschaft von Essen (photography group) founded.[7]
City centre with factories in the background in the 1890s
  • 1892 – City Theatre opens.[8][9]
  • 1893
  • 1898 – Krupp's Essener Hof (hotel) built.
  • 1899 – Essen Philharmonic Orchestra founded.[10]

20th century

[edit]

1900s–1940s

[edit]
French troops enter Essen, 1923

1950s–1990s

[edit]
Essen in 1970

21st century

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Hermann Tallau (2008). "Alteste (100) Schützenvereinigungen 799-1392". Ein Kaleidoskop zum Schützenwesen (in German). Duderstadt: Mecke Druck und Verlag. ISBN 978-3-936617-85-6.
  2. ^ a b Allgemeines Adreßbuch für den deutschen Buchhandel ... 1870 (in German). Leipzig: O.A. Schulz. 1870.
  3. ^ a b c d e Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Essen" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 778–779.
  4. ^ a b Shmuel Spector, ed. (2001). "Essen". Encyclopedia of Jewish Life Before and During the Holocaust. USA: NYU Press. p. 370. ISBN 978-0-8147-9376-3.
  5. ^ Samuel M. Lindsay (1892). "Social Work at the Krupp Foundries, Essen, A. R., Germany". Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 3: 74–106. JSTOR 1008598.
  6. ^ Historischer Verein für Stadt und Stift Essen, Beiträge zur Geschichte von Stadt und Stift Essen (in German), ISSN 0341-9088
  7. ^ Königliche Museen zu Berlin (1904). Kunsthandbuch für Deutschland (in German) (6th ed.). Georg Reimer.
  8. ^ Neuer Theater Almanach (in German). Berlin: Gunther & Sohn. 1909. hdl:2027/uva.x030515383.
  9. ^ Almanach 1919 der vereinigten Stadttheater Essens (in German), Essen: Fredebeul & Koenen, 1919
  10. ^ Colin Lawson, ed. (2003). "Orchestras Founded in the 19th Century (chronological list)". Cambridge Companion to the Orchestra. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00132-8.
  11. ^ a b Chałupczak, Henryk (2004). "Powstanie i działalność polskich placówek konsularnych w okresie międzywojennym (ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem pogranicza polsko-niemiecko-czechosłowackiego)". In Kaczmarek, Ryszard; Masnyk, Marek (eds.). Konsulaty na pograniczu polsko-niemieckim i polsko-czechosłowackim w 1918–1939 (in Polish). Katowice: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego. p. 20.
  12. ^ "History". Grugapark Essen. Retrieved 1 December 2013.
  13. ^ "Garden Search: Germany". London: Botanic Gardens Conservation International. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
  14. ^ "Movie Theaters in Essen, Germany". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 1 December 2013.
  15. ^ a b c "Essen (Schwarze Poth)". aussenlager-buchenwald.de (in German). Retrieved 8 August 2022.
  16. ^ a b "Essen (Humboldtstraße)". aussenlager-buchenwald.de (in German). Retrieved 8 August 2022.
  17. ^ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Germany". Norway: Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese). Retrieved 30 September 2015.
  18. ^ Paul Betts (2004). The Authority of Everyday Objects: A Cultural History of West German Industrial Design. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-94135-9.
  19. ^ "Bisherige Gartenschauen" [Previous Garden Shows] (in German). Bonn: Deutsche Bundesgartenschau-Gesellschaft. Retrieved 2 December 2013.
  20. ^ Don Rubin, ed. (2001). World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre. Vol. 1: Europe. Routledge. ISBN 9780415251570.

Bibliography

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in English

[edit]

in German

[edit]
[edit]

51°27′03″N 7°00′47″E / 51.450833°N 7.013056°E / 51.450833; 7.013056

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