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Coordinates: 26°53′38″N 112°34′19″E / 26.894°N 112.572°E / 26.894; 112.572
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{{other uses|Hengyang County}}
{{other uses|Hengyang County}}
{{lead too short|date=October 2012}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- Basic info ---------------->
<!-- Basic info ---------------->
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<!-- Location ------------------>
<!-- Location ------------------>
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = People's Republic of China
|subdivision_name = China
|subdivision_type1 = [[Province (China)|Province]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[Province (China)|Province]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Hunan]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Hunan]]
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| population_metro = 1290715
| population_metro = 1290715
| population_urban = 1361085
| population_urban = 1361085
| demographics_type2 = GDP<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tjj.hunan.gov.cn/hntj/m/tjsj_1/202211/t20221114_29125379.html|title=2022年湖南省各市州地区生产总值（三季度}}</ref>
| demographics2_title1 = [[Prefecture-level city]]
| demographics2_info1 = [[Renminbi|CN¥]] 409.0&nbsp;billion<br />[[US$]] 60.7&nbsp;billion
| demographics2_title2 = Per capita
| demographics2_info2 = CN¥ 55,737<br />US$ 8,288
<!-- General information --------------->
<!-- General information --------------->
|timezone = [[China Standard Time|China Standard]]
|timezone = [[China Standard Time|China Standard]]
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|footnotes =
|footnotes =
}}
}}
'''Hengyang''' ({{zh|s={{linktext|衡阳}} |t={{linktext|衡陽}} |p=Héngyáng}}; {{small|Mandarin pronunciation:}} {{IPAc-cmn|h|eng|2|.|yang|2|}}) is the second largest city of [[Hunan]] Province, China. It straddles the [[Xiang River]] about {{convert|160|km|abbr=on}} south of the provincial capital of [[Changsha]]. As of the [[2020 Chinese census]], Its total population was 6,645,243 inhabitants, whom 1,290,715 lived in the built-up (''or metro'') area consisting of 4 urban districts, Nanyue District not being conurbated yet.
'''Hengyang''' ({{zh|s={{linktext|衡阳}} |t={{linktext|衡陽}} |p=Héngyáng}}; {{small|Mandarin pronunciation:}} {{IPAc-cmn|h|eng|2|.|yang|2|}}) is the second largest city of [[Hunan]] Province, China. It straddles the [[Xiang River]] about {{convert|160|km|abbr=on}} south of the provincial capital of [[Changsha]]. As of the [[2020 Chinese census]], Its total population was 6,645,243 inhabitants, of whom 1,290,715 lived in the built-up (''or metro'') area consisting of 4 urban districts, Nanyue District not being conurbated yet.


Hengyang is home to [[University of South China]], [[Hengyang Normal University]], and [[Hunan Institute of Technology]], three major provincial [[Public university|public universities]] in the city.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=US News Best Global Universities Ranking. Universities in Hengyang |url=https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/search?city=hengyang |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=June 13, 2022 |website=US News and World Report}}</ref>
Hengyang is home to [[University of South China]], [[Hengyang Normal University]], and [[Hunan Institute of Technology]], three major provincial [[Public university|public universities]] in the city.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=US News Best Global Universities Ranking. Universities in Hengyang |url=https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/search?city=hengyang |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613050149/https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/search?city=hengyang |archive-date=June 13, 2022 |access-date=June 13, 2022 |website=U.S. News & World Report}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
{{More citations needed section|date=November 2019}}
{{More citations needed section|date=November 2019}}
The former name of the city was '''Hengzhou''' ('''Hengchow''') ({{zh|labels=no|c={{linktext|衡州}} |p=Héngzhōu}}<ref>[http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/ville/Hengyang/123568 Larousse Encyclopedie: HENGYANG]</ref>). This was the capital of a [[zhou (administrative division)|prefecture]] in the [[Tang Dynasty]]'s [[Jiangnandao|Jiangnan]] and [[Jiangnanxidao|West Jiangnan]] [[circuit (administrative division)|circuit]]s. [[Li Jingxuan]] was banished to superintendence of Hengzhou after feigning an illness and attempting to usurp control of the [[Zhongshu Ling|legislative bureau]] at [[Chang'an]] against the [[Emperor Gaozong of Tang|Gaozong Emperor]]'s wishes in AD 680. Following the AD 705 coup that removed the Empress [[Wu Zetian]] from power, her ally [[Li Jiongxiu]] was also briefly demoted to superintendence of this province. During the reign of [[Emperor Muzong of Tang|Emperor Muzong]], the chancellor [[Linghu Chu]] was also demoted to this province for his underlings' alleged corruption.
The former name of the city was '''Hengzhou''' ('''Hengchow''') ({{zh|labels=no|c={{linktext|衡州}} |p=Héngzhōu}}<ref>[http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/ville/Hengyang/123568 Larousse Encyclopedie: HENGYANG]</ref>). This was the capital of a [[zhou (administrative division)|prefecture]] in the [[Tang dynasty]]'s [[Jiangnandao|Jiangnan]] and [[Jiangnanxidao|West Jiangnan]] [[circuit (administrative division)|circuit]]s. [[Li Jingxuan]] was banished to superintendence of Hengzhou after feigning an illness and attempting to usurp control of the [[Zhongshu Ling|legislative bureau]] at [[Chang'an]] against the [[Emperor Gaozong of Tang|Gaozong Emperor]]'s wishes in AD 680. Following the AD 705 coup that removed the Empress [[Wu Zetian]] from power, her ally [[Li Jiongxiu]] was also briefly demoted to superintendence of this province. During the reign of [[Emperor Muzong of Tang|Emperor Muzong]], the chancellor [[Linghu Chu]] was also demoted to this province for his underlings' alleged corruption.


In the 750s, the superintendent of Hengzhou [[Chen Xi'ang]] not only ruled his own region but also used his private army to dominate his nominal superior, the military governor [[Zhang Weiyi]] headquartered in [[Jingzhou (ancient China)|Jing Prefecture]] (modern [[Jingzhou]]). Upon Zhang's replacement by the former chancellor [[Lü Yin]] in 760, however, Chen was placated and then killed in a surprise attack.
In the 750s, the superintendent of Hengzhou [[Chen Xi'ang]] not only ruled his own region but also used his private army to dominate his nominal superior, the military governor [[Zhang Weiyi]] headquartered in [[Jingzhou (ancient China)|Jing Prefecture]] (modern [[Jingzhou]]). Upon Zhang's replacement by the former chancellor [[Lü Yin]] in 760, however, Chen was placated and then killed in a surprise attack.
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Other superintendents included [[Qi Ying]] and [[Xiao Ye]].
Other superintendents included [[Qi Ying]] and [[Xiao Ye]].


After initially falling to agrarian rebels under [[Yang Shiyuan]], Hengzhou was recovered by the lord of Wu'an [[Ma Yin]] and formed part of his power base during the collapse of the Tang. He initially supported the [[Later Liang (Five Dynasties)|Later Liang]], then declared himself king in his own right during the [[Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period]].
After initially falling to agrarian rebels under [[Yang Shiyuan]], Hengzhou was recovered by the lord of Wu'an [[Ma Yin]] and formed part of his power base during the collapse of the Tang. He initially supported the [[Later Liang (Five Dynasties)|Later Liang]], then declared himself king ([[Ma Chu]]) in his own right during the [[Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period]].


During the [[Revolt of the Three Feudatories]], [[Wu Sangui]] declared himself Emperor of the [[Great Zhou Dynasty|Great Zhou]] and established an imperial court at Hengzhou in 1678 before dying of illness later that year. His grandson [[Wu Shifan]] then retreated to [[Yunnan]], and the Qing recovered Hengzhou the next year.
During the [[Revolt of the Three Feudatories]], [[Wu Sangui]] declared himself Emperor of the [[Great Zhou dynasty|Great Zhou]] and established an imperial court at Hengzhou in 1678 before dying of illness later that year. His grandson [[Wu Shifan]] then retreated to [[Yunnan]], and the Qing recovered Hengzhou the next year.


The [[Defense of Hengyang|Battle of Hengyang]] was the longest defense of a single city during the [[Second Sino-Japanese War]]. When Changsha fell to the Imperial Japanese Army on June 19, 1944, Hengyang became their next target. The reorganized 11th Army, consisting of 10 divisions, four brigades, and over 110,000 men, assumed the task of attacking Hengyang. It was part of the Japanese [[Operation Ichi-Go|Ichi-Go offensive]].
The [[Defense of Hengyang|Battle of Hengyang]] was the longest defense of a single city during the [[Second Sino-Japanese War]]. When Changsha fell to the Imperial Japanese Army on June 19, 1944, Hengyang became their next target. The reorganized [[Eleventh Army (Japan)|11th Army]], consisting of 10 divisions, four brigades, and over 110,000 men, assumed the task of attacking Hengyang. It was part of the Japanese [[Operation Ichi-Go|Ichi-Go offensive]].


A [[Roman Catholic diocese of Hengzhou]] was established, although periodically suppressed. This was suffragan to the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Changsha|Archbishop of Changsha]] following its elevation in 1946.
A [[Roman Catholic diocese of Hengzhou]] was established, although periodically suppressed. This was suffragan to the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Changsha|Archbishop of Changsha]] following its elevation in 1946.


In 2013 Hengyang was the center of a major [[vote buying]] scandal where it was found that 56 officials were founded to be complicit in paying lower level local officials for votes. The 56 were subsequently removed from office, and an additional 512 resigned from their positions.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-resign/lawmakers-in-chinese-city-resign-in-mass-bribery-case-idUSBRE9BR04620131228| title = Lawmakers in Chinese city resign in mass bribery case {{!}} Reuters}} </ref>
In 2013 Hengyang was the center of a major [[vote buying]] scandal where it was found that 56 officials were founded to be complicit in paying lower level local officials for votes. The 56 were subsequently removed from office, and an additional 512 resigned from their positions.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-resign/lawmakers-in-chinese-city-resign-in-mass-bribery-case-idUSBRE9BR04620131228| title = Lawmakers in Chinese city resign in mass bribery case| website = [[Reuters]]}}</ref>


==Economy==
==Economy==
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==Tourism==
==Tourism==
Known as the 'Bright Pearl in Southern China' and as 'Wild Goose City' (the latter because of wild [[Goose|geese]] that used to rest here while flying south for the winter), Hengyang has been the birthplace of many historical figures, such the revolutionist [[Luo Ronghuan]]<ref>[http://www.luopan.com/ci/h/en_US/421000.html Luopan. Hengyang Details] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101215075428/http://luopan.com/ci/h/en_US/421000.html |date=2010-12-15 }}</ref> and a noted [[Ming Dynasty|Ming]] scholar [[Wang Fuzhi]]. The city was badly damaged during [[World War II]]<ref>[http://www.accci.com.au/keycity/hunan.htm The Australia-China Chamber of Commerce and Industry of New South Wales HUNAN PROVINCE]</ref> and few historical buildings survive in diverse stage of reconstruction, including Shigu Academy, Dragon Tower, Confucian School on the Dongzhou Island ({{lang|zh-Hans|东洲岛}}) and Laiyan Pagoda. [[Mount Heng (Hunan)|Mount Heng]], one of the [[Five Sacred Mountains]], lies 45 kilometres north from the city proper.
Known as the 'Bright Pearl in Southern China' and as 'Wild Goose City' (the latter because of wild [[Goose|geese]] that used to rest here while flying south for the winter), Hengyang has been the birthplace of many historical figures, such the revolutionist [[Luo Ronghuan]]<ref>[http://www.luopan.com/ci/h/en_US/421000.html Luopan. Hengyang Details] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101215075428/http://luopan.com/ci/h/en_US/421000.html |date=2010-12-15 }}</ref> and a noted [[Ming dynasty|Ming]] scholar [[Wang Fuzhi]]. The city was badly damaged during [[World War II]]<ref>[http://www.accci.com.au/keycity/hunan.htm The Australia-China Chamber of Commerce and Industry of New South Wales HUNAN PROVINCE]</ref> and few historical buildings survive in diverse stage of reconstruction, including Shigu Academy, Dragon Tower, [[Confucianism|Confucian]] School on the Dongzhou Island ({{lang|zh-Hans|东洲岛}}), Laiyan Pagoda and [[Nantai Temple]]. [[Mount Heng (Hunan)|Mount Heng]], one of the [[Five Sacred Mountains]], lies 45 kilometres north from the city proper.


==Climate==
==Climate==
Hengyang has a [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Cfa''), with four distinct seasons. Spring is subject to heavy rainfall, while the summers are long, hot, and humid with lesser rainfall, and autumn is comfortable and rather dry. Winter is rather brief, but cold snaps occur with temperatures occasionally dropping below freezing, and while not heavy, rain can be frequent. The monthly daily mean temperature ranges from {{convert|6.0|°C|1}} in January to {{convert|29.8|°C}} in July.
Hengyang has a [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Cfa''), with four distinct seasons. Spring is subject to heavy rainfall, while the summers are long, hot, and humid with lesser rainfall, and autumn is comfortable and rather dry. Winter is rather brief, but cold snaps occur with temperatures occasionally dropping below freezing, and while not heavy, rain can be frequent. The monthly daily mean temperature ranges from {{convert|6.0|°C|1}} in January to {{convert|29.8|°C}} in July.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-15 |title=衡阳气候 |trans-title=climate in Hengyang |url=https://www.hengyang.gov.cn/hyly/hygk/zrdl/20200111/i45672.html |access-date=2024-05-25 |website=PEOPLE'S GOVERNMENT OF HENGYAN |language=zh}}</ref>
<!--January mean: 6.0 °C, July mean: 29.8 °C, annual mean: 18.33 °C, Koeppen: Cfa-->
<!--January mean: 6.0 °C, July mean: 29.8 °C, annual mean: 18.33 °C, Koeppen: Cfa-->


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|single line=y
|single line=y
|collapsed = Y
|collapsed = Y
|location = Hengyang (1981−2010)
|location = Hengyang (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2010)
|Jan high C = 9.0
|Jan high C = 9.3
|Feb high C = 11.2
|Feb high C = 12.2
|Mar high C = 15.6
|Mar high C = 16.4
|Apr high C = 22.4
|Apr high C = 23.2
|May high C = 27.5
|May high C = 27.8
|Jun high C = 30.8
|Jun high C = 31.0
|Jul high C = 34.5
|Jul high C = 34.5
|Aug high C = 33.6
|Aug high C = 33.7
|Sep high C = 29.3
|Sep high C = 29.7
|Oct high C = 23.9
|Oct high C = 24.3
|Nov high C = 18.1
|Nov high C = 18.3
|Dec high C = 12.3
|Dec high C = 12.2
⚫
|Jan mean C = 6.4

|Jan mean C = 6.0
|Feb mean C = 8.8
|Feb mean C = 8.1
|Mar mean C = 12.7
|Mar mean C = 11.9
|Apr mean C = 18.8
|Apr mean C = 18.1
|May mean C = 23.4
|May mean C = 23.1
|Jun mean C = 26.9
|Jun mean C = 26.6
|Jul mean C = 30.0
|Jul mean C = 29.8
|Aug mean C = 29.1
|Aug mean C = 29.0
|Sep mean C = 25.4
|Sep mean C = 25.0
|Oct mean C = 20.1
|Oct mean C = 19.7
|Nov mean C = 14.3
|Nov mean C = 14.1
|Dec mean C = 8.7
|Dec mean C = 8.5
|Jan low C = 4.2
|Feb low C = 6.3

|Jan low C = 3.8
|Mar low C = 10.0
|Feb low C = 5.8
|Apr low C = 15.6
|Mar low C = 9.3
|May low C = 20.2
|Apr low C = 15.1
|Jun low C = 23.9
|May low C = 19.9
|Jul low C = 26.4
|Jun low C = 23.5
|Aug low C = 25.8
|Jul low C = 26.2
|Sep low C = 22.2
|Aug low C = 25.6
|Oct low C = 16.9
|Sep low C = 21.8
|Nov low C = 11.3
|Oct low C = 16.6
|Dec low C = 6.0
|Nov low C = 11.0
|Jan record high C = 27.7 |Jan record low C = −6.2
⚫
|Feb record high C = 32.2 |Feb record low C = −7.9
⚫
|Dec low C = 5.6
|Jan record high C = 27.7 |Jan record low C = −4.3
⚫
|Feb record high C = 32.2 |Feb record low C = −4.8
|Mar record high C = 36.0 |Mar record low C = −0.3
|Mar record high C = 36.0 |Mar record low C = −0.3
|Apr record high C = 37.0 |Apr record low C = 3.7
|Apr record high C = 37.0 |Apr record low C = 3.7
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|Aug record high C = 41.3 |Aug record low C = 18.3
|Aug record high C = 41.3 |Aug record low C = 18.3
|Sep record high C = 38.7 |Sep record low C = 12.8
|Sep record high C = 38.7 |Sep record low C = 12.8
|Oct record high C = 36.5 |Oct record low C = 5.5
|Oct record high C = 36.5 |Oct record low C = 5.4
|Nov record high C = 32.6 |Nov record low C = −0.7
|Nov record high C = 32.6 |Nov record low C = −0.7
|Dec record high C = 24.9 |Dec record low C = −5.9
|Dec record high C = 26.3 |Dec record low C = −5.9
|precipitation colour = green
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 81.5
|Jan precipitation mm = 81.6
|Feb precipitation mm = 104.4
|Feb precipitation mm = 85.8
|Mar precipitation mm = 150.9
|Mar precipitation mm = 159.0
|Apr precipitation mm = 167.3
|Apr precipitation mm = 150.6
|May precipitation mm = 194.5
|May precipitation mm = 179.1
|Jun precipitation mm = 171.3
|Jun precipitation mm = 169.0
|Jul precipitation mm = 110.6
|Jul precipitation mm = 119.1
|Aug precipitation mm = 114.2
|Aug precipitation mm = 117.8
|Sep precipitation mm = 63.5
|Sep precipitation mm = 55.0
|Oct precipitation mm = 71.5
|Oct precipitation mm = 62.4
|Nov precipitation mm = 73.8
|Nov precipitation mm = 81.6
|Dec precipitation mm = 50.4
|Dec precipitation mm = 58.8
|Jan humidity = 79
|Jan humidity = 78
|Feb humidity = 80
|Feb humidity = 77
|Mar humidity = 80
|Mar humidity = 79
|Apr humidity = 79
|Apr humidity = 77
|May humidity = 77
|May humidity = 76
|Jun humidity = 78
|Jun humidity = 78
|Jul humidity = 70
|Jul humidity = 70
|Aug humidity = 73
|Aug humidity = 72
|Sep humidity = 74
|Sep humidity = 72
|Oct humidity = 74
|Oct humidity = 71
|Nov humidity = 73
|Nov humidity = 73
|Dec humidity = 73
|Dec humidity = 73
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 16.2
|Jan precipitation days = 15.4
|Feb precipitation days = 15.3
|Feb precipitation days = 14.4
|Mar precipitation days = 19.7
|Mar precipitation days = 18.7
|Apr precipitation days = 18.5
|Apr precipitation days = 16.6
|May precipitation days = 16.9
|May precipitation days = 16.0
|Jun precipitation days = 13.4
|Jun precipitation days = 14.2
|Jul precipitation days = 9.6
|Jul precipitation days = 10.0
|Aug precipitation days = 10.5
|Aug precipitation days = 10.5
|Sep precipitation days = 8.8
|Sep precipitation days = 8.6
|Oct precipitation days = 11.9
|Oct precipitation days = 9.7
|Nov precipitation days = 9.8
|Nov precipitation days = 10.9
|Dec precipitation days = 9.5
|Dec precipitation days = 10.7
|year precipitation days =
⚫
| source 1 = China Meteorological Data Service Center<ref name=IBST>{{cite web
|Jan sun = 57.4
| url = http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html
|Feb sun = 58.6
|script-title=zh:中国地面气候标准值月值(1981-2010)
|Mar sun = 73.1
| publisher = China Meteorological Data Service Center
| language = zh-hans
|Apr sun = 101.1
|May sun = 130.9
⚫
| access-date = 20 October 2018}}</ref>
|Jun sun = 137.8
⚫
|source 2 = [http://www.weather.com.cn/cityintro/101250401.shtml? Weather China] (precipitation days 1971-2000)
|Jul sun = 232.3
|Aug sun = 197.6
|Sep sun = 152.9
|Oct sun = 130.4
|Nov sun = 112.5
|Dec sun = 96.4
|year sun =
| Jan percentsun = 17
| Feb percentsun = 18
| Mar percentsun = 20
| Apr percentsun = 26
| May percentsun = 31
| Jun percentsun = 33
| Jul percentsun = 55
| Aug percentsun = 49
| Sep percentsun = 42
| Oct percentsun = 37
| Nov percentsun = 35
| Dec percentsun = 30
| year percentsun =
|Jan snow days = 3.5
|Feb snow days = 2.0
|Mar snow days = 0.5
|Apr snow days = 0
|May snow days = 0
|Jun snow days = 0
|Jul snow days = 0
|Aug snow days = 0
|Sep snow days = 0
|Oct snow days = 0
|Nov snow days = 0
|Dec snow days = 0.9
|year snow days =
|source 1 = [[China Meteorological Administration]]<ref name="cma graphical">{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans |access-date=11 June 2023}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网|publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans | access-date =28 May 2023 |title=Experience Template }}</ref>
⚫
| source 2 = Weather China<ref name = Clim>{{cite web
⚫
| url = http://www.weather.com.cn/cityintro/101250401.shtml?
| script-title=zh:衡阳 - 气象数据 -中国天气网
| publisher = Weather China
| language = zh
⚫
| access-date = 21 November 2022}}</ref>
}}
}}


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| align="center"| <div style="position: relative" class="center">
| align="center"| <div style="position: relative" class="center">
{{Image label begin|image=Administrative Division Hengyang.png|width=538|link=}}
{{Image label begin|image=Administrative Division Hengyang.png|width=538|link=}}
{{Image label|x=1250|y=620|scale=538/1920|text=[[Zhuhui District|{{Vertical text|{{small|'''Zhuhui'''}}}}]]}}
{{Image label|x=1250|y=620|scale=538/1920|text={{Vertical text|[[Zhuhui District|{{small|'''Zhuhui'''}}]]}}}}
{{Image label|x=1080|y=820|scale=538/1920|text=[[Yanfeng District|{{small|'''Yanfeng'''}}]]}}
{{Image label|x=1080|y=820|scale=538/1920|text=[[Yanfeng District|{{small|'''Yanfeng'''}}]]}}
{{Image label|x=1110|y=630|scale=538/1920|text=[[Shigu District|'''Shigu''']]}}
{{Image label|x=1110|y=630|scale=538/1920|text=[[Shigu District|'''Shigu''']]}}
Line 278: Line 321:
{{Image label|x=1460|y=1280|scale=538/1920|text=[[Leiyang|'''Leiyang<br />{{small|(city)}}''']]}}
{{Image label|x=1460|y=1280|scale=538/1920|text=[[Leiyang|'''Leiyang<br />{{small|(city)}}''']]}}
{{Image label|x=900|y=1350|scale=538/1920|text=[[Changning, Hunan|'''Changning<br />{{small|(city)}}''']]}}
{{Image label|x=900|y=1350|scale=538/1920|text=[[Changning, Hunan|'''Changning<br />{{small|(city)}}''']]}}
{{Image label end}}
</div>
</div>
|}
|}
Line 292: Line 336:
* [[Hengyang Normal University]] (衡阳师范学院)
* [[Hengyang Normal University]] (衡阳师范学院)
* [[Hunan Institute of Technology]] (湖南工学院)
* [[Hunan Institute of Technology]] (湖南工学院)
* [[Hunan University of Technology|Hunan University of Technology Hengyang]](湖南工业大学衡阳分校)


==Transport==
==Transport==
Line 302: Line 347:
Hengyang is an important transport hub in southern China. The [[Beijing–Guangzhou railway]] and [[Hunan–Guangxi railway]] intersect at Hengyang. [[Hengyang railway station]] is one of the ten largest railway stations in China and is recognized as one of the extra-premium level stations.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} More than 100 trains pass by and stop at Hengyang Railway Station, making it one of the busiest stations all over the country and connecting it to most [[cities of China]].
Hengyang is an important transport hub in southern China. The [[Beijing–Guangzhou railway]] and [[Hunan–Guangxi railway]] intersect at Hengyang. [[Hengyang railway station]] is one of the ten largest railway stations in China and is recognized as one of the extra-premium level stations.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} More than 100 trains pass by and stop at Hengyang Railway Station, making it one of the busiest stations all over the country and connecting it to most [[cities of China]].


The city's new [[Hengyang East railway station]] is served by the [[Wuhan–Guangzhou high-speed railway]] and the [[Huaihua–Shaoyang–Hengyang railway]].
The city's new [[Hengyang East railway station]] is served by the [[Wuhan–Guangzhou high-speed railway]] and the [[Huaihua–Shaoyang–Hengyang railway]]. The [[Hengyang Metro]] is a planned [[monorail]] [[rapid transit]] system.


Opened in 2014, the city is served by [[Hengyang Nanyue Airport]].
Opened in 2014, the city is served by [[Hengyang Nanyue Airport]].

== Culture ==

=== Dialect ===
Hengyang dialect (Xiang - Lao Xiang湘语-老湘语; Gan赣语; Southwest Mandarin西南官话): the dialects of Hengyang city, Hengyang county and Hennan county are authentic Hengyang local dialects.<ref>{{Cite web |last=hu |first=shunguo |date=2013-05-21 |title=衡阳方言 |trans-title=Hengyang dialect |url=http://www.hunan.gov.cn/hnszf/jxxx/hxwh/jfy/201711/t20171111_4685274.html |access-date=2023-10-15}}</ref>

=== intangible cultural heritage ===
By the end of 2022, Hengyang City has 8 national intangible cultural heritage protection programs and 27 provincial ones.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-27 |title=List of Hengyang Municipal, Provincial and National Cultural Relics Protection Units |trans-title=衡阳市市级、省级、国家级文物保护单位名录 |url=https://www.hengyang.gov.cn/wlgtj/wtfw/wwbh/20200118/i400901.html |access-date=2023-10-15}}</ref>

==Notable people==
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦--->
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦--->
{{expand section|date=January 2024}}
*[[Ho Chen Tsu]] (1918-1994), born in Hengyang, architect and architecture educator<ref>{{Cite book |last=國立成功大學建築學系 |title=成果報告書 |publisher=國立臺灣博物館 |year=2019}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
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==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category|Hengyang}}
{{Commons category|Hengyang}}
* {{wikivoyage-inline|Hengyang}}
* {{wikivoyage inline|Hengyang}}
* [http://www.hengyang.gov.cn/ Official website of Hengyang Government]
* [http://www.hengyang.gov.cn/ Official website of Hengyang Government]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111008075637/http://hengyang.me/english Hengyang Information Network]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111008075637/http://hengyang.me/english Hengyang Information Network]

Latest revision as of 00:36, 29 July 2024

For other uses, see Hengyang County.
Hengyang
衡阳市
Hengchow
Prefecture-level city
From top: Hengyang East Railway Station, Laiyan Pagoda, Dongzhou Island Temple, Shigu Academy, and Dragon Tower
From top: Hengyang East Railway Station, Laiyan Pagoda, Dongzhou Island Temple, Shigu Academy, and Dragon Tower
Nickname(s): 
Wild Goose City (雁城), Bright Pearl in Southern China
Location of Hengyang City jurisdiction in Hunan
Location of Hengyang City jurisdiction in Hunan
Hengyang is located in Hunan
Hengyang
Hengyang
Location of the city center in Hunan
Coordinates (Hengyang government): 26°53′38″N 112°34′19″E / 26.894°N 112.572°E / 26.894; 112.572
CountryChina
ProvinceHunan
Prefecture seatYanfeng District
Area
 • Prefecture-level city15,279 km2 (5,899 sq mi)
 • Urban
722 km2 (279 sq mi)
 • Metro
543 km2 (210 sq mi)
Population
 (2020 census)[1]
 • Prefecture-level city6,645,243
 • Density430/km2 (1,100/sq mi)
 • Urban
1,361,085
 • Urban density1,900/km2 (4,900/sq mi)
 • Metro
1,290,715
 • Metro density2,400/km2 (6,200/sq mi)
GDP[2]
 • Prefecture-level cityCN¥ 409.0 billion
US$ 60.7 billion
 • Per capitaCN¥ 55,737
US$ 8,288
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code
421001
Area code0734
ISO 3166 codeCN-HN-04
Websitewww.hengyang.gov.cn

Hengyang (simplified Chinese: 衡阳; traditional Chinese: 衡陽; pinyin: Héngyáng; Mandarin pronunciation: [xə̌ŋ.jǎŋ]) is the second largest city of Hunan Province, China. It straddles the Xiang River about 160 km (99 mi) south of the provincial capital of Changsha. As of the 2020 Chinese census, Its total population was 6,645,243 inhabitants, of whom 1,290,715 lived in the built-up (or metro) area consisting of 4 urban districts, Nanyue District not being conurbated yet.

Hengyang is home to University of South China, Hengyang Normal University, and Hunan Institute of Technology, three major provincial public universities in the city.[3]

History

[edit]

The former name of the city was Hengzhou (Hengchow) (衡州; Héngzhōu[4]). This was the capital of a prefecture in the Tang dynasty's Jiangnan and West Jiangnan circuits. Li Jingxuan was banished to superintendence of Hengzhou after feigning an illness and attempting to usurp control of the legislative bureau at Chang'an against the Gaozong Emperor's wishes in AD 680. Following the AD 705 coup that removed the Empress Wu Zetian from power, her ally Li Jiongxiu was also briefly demoted to superintendence of this province. During the reign of Emperor Muzong, the chancellor Linghu Chu was also demoted to this province for his underlings' alleged corruption.

In the 750s, the superintendent of Hengzhou Chen Xi'ang not only ruled his own region but also used his private army to dominate his nominal superior, the military governor Zhang Weiyi headquartered in Jing Prefecture (modern Jingzhou). Upon Zhang's replacement by the former chancellor Lü Yin in 760, however, Chen was placated and then killed in a surprise attack.

During the reign of the Tang emperor Xizong, Zhou Yue overthrew first the prefect of Hengzhou Xu Hao in 881 and then the agent of the rebel Qin Zongquan in the capital of the Qinhua Circuit at Tan Prefecture (modern Changsha) in 886. Xizong confirmed Zhou Yue in all his posts, renaming his circuit Wu'an. Xizong's brother then gave him additional authority over West Lingnan Circuit (modern Guangxi). Shortly after, in 893, Deng Chune and Lei Man attacked and killed him.

Other superintendents included Qi Ying and Xiao Ye.

After initially falling to agrarian rebels under Yang Shiyuan, Hengzhou was recovered by the lord of Wu'an Ma Yin and formed part of his power base during the collapse of the Tang. He initially supported the Later Liang, then declared himself king (Ma Chu) in his own right during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.

During the Revolt of the Three Feudatories, Wu Sangui declared himself Emperor of the Great Zhou and established an imperial court at Hengzhou in 1678 before dying of illness later that year. His grandson Wu Shifan then retreated to Yunnan, and the Qing recovered Hengzhou the next year.

The Battle of Hengyang was the longest defense of a single city during the Second Sino-Japanese War. When Changsha fell to the Imperial Japanese Army on June 19, 1944, Hengyang became their next target. The reorganized 11th Army, consisting of 10 divisions, four brigades, and over 110,000 men, assumed the task of attacking Hengyang. It was part of the Japanese Ichi-Go offensive.

A Roman Catholic diocese of Hengzhou was established, although periodically suppressed. This was suffragan to the Archbishop of Changsha following its elevation in 1946.

In 2013 Hengyang was the center of a major vote buying scandal where it was found that 56 officials were founded to be complicit in paying lower level local officials for votes. The 56 were subsequently removed from office, and an additional 512 resigned from their positions.[5]

Economy

[edit]

Hengyang has an area of 15,279 km2 (5,899 sq mi) and a population of 7,141,162. There are 1,075,516 people in the built-up area of 522 km2 (202 sq mi) in the four central urban districts. Hengyang is a busy and growing industrial City and the leading transportation centre of Hunan, linking water, rail, and highway routes. Manufacturing includes: chemicals, agricultural, mining equipment, textiles, paper and processed foods. Lead, zinc, coal, and tin are mined nearby. Hengyang is the second largest city in Hunan province, and is a growing industrial hub and transportation center.

Tourism

[edit]

Known as the 'Bright Pearl in Southern China' and as 'Wild Goose City' (the latter because of wild geese that used to rest here while flying south for the winter), Hengyang has been the birthplace of many historical figures, such the revolutionist Luo Ronghuan[6] and a noted Ming scholar Wang Fuzhi. The city was badly damaged during World War II[7] and few historical buildings survive in diverse stage of reconstruction, including Shigu Academy, Dragon Tower, Confucian School on the Dongzhou Island (东洲岛), Laiyan Pagoda and Nantai Temple. Mount Heng, one of the Five Sacred Mountains, lies 45 kilometres north from the city proper.

Climate

[edit]

Hengyang has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), with four distinct seasons. Spring is subject to heavy rainfall, while the summers are long, hot, and humid with lesser rainfall, and autumn is comfortable and rather dry. Winter is rather brief, but cold snaps occur with temperatures occasionally dropping below freezing, and while not heavy, rain can be frequent. The monthly daily mean temperature ranges from 6.0 °C (42.8 °F) in January to 29.8 °C (85.6 °F) in July.[8]

Climate data for Hengyang (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 27.7
(81.9) 		32.2
(90.0) 		36.0
(96.8) 		37.0
(98.6) 		37.3
(99.1) 		38.6
(101.5) 		40.2
(104.4) 		41.3
(106.3) 		38.7
(101.7) 		36.5
(97.7) 		32.6
(90.7) 		26.3
(79.3) 		41.3
(106.3)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 9.3
(48.7) 		12.2
(54.0) 		16.4
(61.5) 		23.2
(73.8) 		27.8
(82.0) 		31.0
(87.8) 		34.5
(94.1) 		33.7
(92.7) 		29.7
(85.5) 		24.3
(75.7) 		18.3
(64.9) 		12.2
(54.0) 		22.7
(72.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) 6.4
(43.5) 		8.8
(47.8) 		12.7
(54.9) 		18.8
(65.8) 		23.4
(74.1) 		26.9
(80.4) 		30.0
(86.0) 		29.1
(84.4) 		25.4
(77.7) 		20.1
(68.2) 		14.3
(57.7) 		8.7
(47.7) 		18.7
(65.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 4.2
(39.6) 		6.3
(43.3) 		10.0
(50.0) 		15.6
(60.1) 		20.2
(68.4) 		23.9
(75.0) 		26.4
(79.5) 		25.8
(78.4) 		22.2
(72.0) 		16.9
(62.4) 		11.3
(52.3) 		6.0
(42.8) 		15.7
(60.3)
Record low °C (°F) −6.2
(20.8) 		−7.9
(17.8) 		−0.3
(31.5) 		3.7
(38.7) 		10.2
(50.4) 		13.2
(55.8) 		18.9
(66.0) 		18.3
(64.9) 		12.8
(55.0) 		5.4
(41.7) 		−0.7
(30.7) 		−5.9
(21.4) 		−7.9
(17.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 81.6
(3.21) 		85.8
(3.38) 		159.0
(6.26) 		150.6
(5.93) 		179.1
(7.05) 		169.0
(6.65) 		119.1
(4.69) 		117.8
(4.64) 		55.0
(2.17) 		62.4
(2.46) 		81.6
(3.21) 		58.8
(2.31) 		1,319.8
(51.96)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 15.4 14.4 18.7 16.6 16.0 14.2 10.0 10.5 8.6 9.7 10.9 10.7 155.7
Average snowy days 3.5 2.0 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.9 6.9
Average relative humidity (%) 78 77 79 77 76 78 70 72 72 71 73 73 75
Mean monthly sunshine hours 57.4 58.6 73.1 101.1 130.9 137.8 232.3 197.6 152.9 130.4 112.5 96.4 1,481
Percent possible sunshine 17 18 20 26 31 33 55 49 42 37 35 30 33
Source 1: China Meteorological Administration[9][10]
Source 2: Weather China[11]

Administrative divisions

[edit]
Map including Hengyang (labeled as HENG-YANG (HENGCHOW) (Walled) 衡陽) (AMS, 1954)

The city is divided into the old and new districts. The latter offer citizens and businesses the chance to move from the bleak and polluted city centre to newly constructed housing estates.

Map

Government

[edit]
Main article: Politics of Hengyang

The current CPC Party Secretary of Hengyang is Deng Cequn and the current Mayor is Zhu Jian.

Colleges and universities

[edit]

This is a list of institutions with full-time bachelor programs in Hengyang:

Transport

[edit]
Hengyang Railway Station
Hengyang Nanyue Airport

Hengyang is one of the 45 highway hubs[citation needed] in China. G4 Beijing–Hong Kong and Macau Expressway and G72 Quanzhou–Nanning Expressway intersect here. China National Highway 107 (to Beijing, to Guangzhou) and China National Highway 322 (to Kunming) pass the city centre.

Two bus terminals are located in the city. One is Hengyang Western Terminal which is located in the city centre and operates provincial lines and intra-metro lines in northern and western directions. Another is LingHu Terminal which operates lines of southern and eastern directions and locates on the edge of the city.

Hengyang is an important transport hub in southern China. The Beijing–Guangzhou railway and Hunan–Guangxi railway intersect at Hengyang. Hengyang railway station is one of the ten largest railway stations in China and is recognized as one of the extra-premium level stations.[citation needed] More than 100 trains pass by and stop at Hengyang Railway Station, making it one of the busiest stations all over the country and connecting it to most cities of China.

The city's new Hengyang East railway station is served by the Wuhan–Guangzhou high-speed railway and the Huaihua–Shaoyang–Hengyang railway. The Hengyang Metro is a planned monorail rapid transit system.

Opened in 2014, the city is served by Hengyang Nanyue Airport.

Culture

[edit]

Dialect

[edit]

Hengyang dialect (Xiang - Lao Xiang湘语-老湘语; Gan赣语; Southwest Mandarin西南官话): the dialects of Hengyang city, Hengyang county and Hennan county are authentic Hengyang local dialects.[12]

intangible cultural heritage

[edit]

By the end of 2022, Hengyang City has 8 national intangible cultural heritage protection programs and 27 provincial ones.[13]

Notable people

[edit]
  • Ho Chen Tsu (1918-1994), born in Hengyang, architect and architecture educator[14]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "China: Húnán (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map".
  2. ^ "2022年湖南省各市州地区生产总值（三季度".
  3. ^ "US News Best Global Universities Ranking. Universities in Hengyang". U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on June 13, 2022. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  4. ^ Larousse Encyclopedie: HENGYANG
  5. ^ "Lawmakers in Chinese city resign in mass bribery case". Reuters.
  6. ^ Luopan. Hengyang Details Archived 2010-12-15 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^ The Australia-China Chamber of Commerce and Industry of New South Wales HUNAN PROVINCE
  8. ^ "衡阳气候" [climate in Hengyang]. PEOPLE'S GOVERNMENT OF HENGYAN (in Chinese). 2024-03-15. Retrieved 2024-05-25.
  9. ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
  10. ^ "Experience Template" 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
  11. ^ 衡阳 - 气象数据 -中国天气网 (in Chinese). Weather China. Retrieved 21 November 2022.
  12. ^ hu, shunguo (2013-05-21). "衡阳方言" [Hengyang dialect]. Retrieved 2023-10-15.
  13. ^ "List of Hengyang Municipal, Provincial and National Cultural Relics Protection Units" [衡阳市市级、省级、国家级文物保护单位名录]. 2019-03-27. Retrieved 2023-10-15.
  14. ^ 國立成功大學建築學系 (2019). 成果報告書. 國立臺灣博物館.
[edit]
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