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{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See {{Infobox settlement}} for the full list of available fields -->
<!-- See {{Infobox settlement}} for the full list of available fields -->
| name = Outer London
| name = Outer London
| image_map = LondonOuter.png
| image_map = Outer London (statutory).svg
| map_caption = [[London Government Act 1963|Statutory]] definition
| map_caption = [[London Government Act 1963|Statutory]] definition
| image_map1 = LondonOuterCensus.png
| image_map1 = Outer London (statistical).svg
| map_caption1 = [[Office for National Statistics|Statistical]] definition
| map_caption1 = [[Office for National Statistics|Statistical]] definition
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Sovereign state]]
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Sovereign state]]
| subdivision_name = [[United Kingdom]]
| subdivision_name = [[United Kingdom]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Countries of the United Kingdom|Country]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Countries of the United Kingdom|Country]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[England]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[England]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Regions of England|Region]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Regions of England|Region]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Greater London|London]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Greater London|London]]
| subdivision_type3 = Administrative area
| subdivision_type3 = Administrative area
| subdivision_name3 = [[Greater London]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Greater London]]
| population_total = 5,395,500
| population_total = 5,395,500
| population_as_of = 2021 Census
| population_as_of = 2021 Census
| area_total_km2 = 1253
| area_total_km2 = 1253
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_km2 = auto
| blank1_name = [[NUTS of the United Kingdom|NUTS]]
| blank1_name = [[NUTS of the United Kingdom|NUTS]]
| blank1_info = UKI2
| blank1_info = UKI2
}}
}}
'''Outer London''' is the name for the group of [[London boroughs]] that form a ring around [[Inner London]]. Together, the inner and outer boroughs form [[London]], the [[capital city]] of the [[United Kingdom]].
'''Outer London''' is the name for the group of [[London boroughs]] that form a ring around [[Inner London]].<ref name="ONS Geography Guide">{{cite web |url=https://geoportal.statistics.gov.uk/datasets/a-beginners-guide-to-uk-geography-2023/about |title=A Beginners Guide to UK Geography (2023) |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=24 August 2023 |website=Open Geography Portal |publisher=Office for National Statistics |access-date=9 December 2023 |quote=Outer London refers to the part of Greater London falling outside the boundaries of the former London county, which existed from 1889 to 1965. The Outer London area includes 19 of the London boroughs.}}</ref> Together, the inner and outer boroughs form [[London]], the [[capital city]] of the [[United Kingdom]]. The population at the 2021 Census was 5,395,500, which means over 60% of the population of Greater London lives in Outer London.


==History==
These were areas that were not part of the [[County of London]] and became formally part of [[Greater London]] in 1965. An exception is [[North Woolwich]], which was in the County of London but was transferred to Newham in 1965.
Outer London consists of areas that were not part of the [[County of London]] and became formally part of London when [[Greater London]] was created 1965. An exception is [[North Woolwich]], which was in the County of London but was transferred to Newham in 1965.


==London Government Act 1963==
==London Government Act 1963==
The Outer London boroughs were defined by the [[London Government Act 1963]].<ref>Office of Public Sector Information - [http://www.opsi.gov.uk/RevisedStatutes/Acts/ukpga/1963/cukpga_19630033_en_1 London Government Act 1963 (c.33) (as amended)]</ref> The main difference between Inner and Outer London boroughs between 1965 and 1990 was that the outer boroughs were [[Local education authority|local education authorities]]. The statutory Outer London boroughs are:
The twenty Outer London boroughs were defined by the [[London Government Act 1963]].<ref>Office of Public Sector Information - [http://www.opsi.gov.uk/RevisedStatutes/Acts/ukpga/1963/cukpga_19630033_en_1 London Government Act 1963 (c.33) (as amended)]</ref> The main difference between Inner and Outer London boroughs between 1965 and 1990 was that the outer boroughs were [[Local education authority|local education authorities]]. The statutory Outer London boroughs are:


{{columns-list|colwidth=15em|
{{columns-list|colwidth=15em|
Line 54: Line 55:
==ONS definition (statistics)==
==ONS definition (statistics)==
[[File:Outer London population pyramid.svg|thumb|Outer London population pyramid in 2021]]
[[File:Outer London population pyramid.svg|thumb|Outer London population pyramid in 2021]]
The [[Office for National Statistics]] and the [[Census]] define Outer London differently, excluding [[London Borough of Haringey|Haringey]] and [[London Borough of Newham|Newham]] (which are defined as Inner London), and including [[Royal Borough of Greenwich|Greenwich]].<ref>{{cite web |work=A vision of Britain through time |publisher=[[Great Britain Historical GIS]] |title=Outer London through time: Administrative History (post 1974) |url=http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10202620 |access-date=2009-11-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213121710/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10202620 |archive-date=2012-02-13 }}</ref> This is reflected in the [[NUTS:UK|Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics]] (NUTS) classification. Under this classification, Outer London consists of Barking and Dagenham, Barnet, Bexley, Brent, Bromley, Croydon, Ealing, Enfield, Greenwich, Harrow, Havering, Hillingdon, Hounslow, Kingston upon Thames, Merton, Redbridge, Richmond upon Thames, Sutton, and Waltham Forest.
The [[Office for National Statistics]] and the decennial [[Census in the United Kingdom|UK Census]] use a different definition of Outer London, excluding [[London Borough of Haringey|Haringey]] and [[London Borough of Newham|Newham]] (which are defined as Inner London), and including [[Royal Borough of Greenwich|Greenwich]].<ref>{{cite web |work=A vision of Britain through time |publisher=[[Great Britain Historical GIS]] |title=Outer London through time: Administrative History (post 1974) |url=http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10202620 |access-date=2009-11-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213121710/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10202620 |archive-date=2012-02-13 }}</ref> This is reflected in the [[NUTS:UK|Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics]] (NUTS) classification. Under this classification, Outer London consists of the nineteen London boroughs of Barking and Dagenham, Barnet, Bexley, Brent, Bromley, Croydon, Ealing, Enfield, Greenwich, Harrow, Havering, Hillingdon, Hounslow, Kingston upon Thames, Merton, Redbridge, Richmond upon Thames, Sutton, and Waltham Forest.


===Population===
{{Bar chart
{{Bar chart
| title = Historical population
| title = Historical population
Line 76: Line 78:
| label17 = 2021 | data17 = 5,395,500
| label17 = 2021 | data17 = 5,395,500
}}
}}
Figures here are for the Office for National Statistics defined Outer London (in its 2001 limits), whose land area is 1,254&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> (484 sq. miles). Figures before 1971 have been reconstructed by the Office for National Statistics based on past censuses in order to fit the 2001 limits.
Figures here are for the Office for National Statistics defined Outer London (in its 2001 limits), whose land area is {{convert|1,254|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}. Figures before 1971 have been reconstructed by the Office for National Statistics based on past censuses in order to fit the 2001 limits.


Outer London continued to grow as population moved from Inner London, reaching a peak in 1951 at 4,517,588. The population of Greater London as a whole then started to decline, and the Outer London population fell to 4,230,000 in 1991, before starting to increase again, passing the 1951 peak with a population of 4,942,040 in 2011. The population at the 2021 Census was 5,395,500.<ref>{{cite web |title=Population and household estimates, England and Wales: Census 2021 |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/datasets/populationandhouseholdestimatesenglandandwalescensus2021 |website=Office for National Statistics |access-date=8 July 2023}}</ref>
Outer London continued to grow as population moved from Inner London, surpassing the Inner London population in 1951 at 4,517,588. The population of Greater London as a whole then started to decline, and the Outer London population fell from the 1951 peak to 4,230,000 in 1991. Since 1991 the Outer London population has been increasing again, surpassing the 1951 peak with a population of 4,942,040 in 2011. The population at the 2021 Census was 5,395,500.<ref>{{cite web |title=Population and household estimates, England and Wales: Census 2021 |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/datasets/populationandhouseholdestimatesenglandandwalescensus2021 |website=Office for National Statistics |access-date=8 July 2023}}</ref> Over 60% of the population of Greater London lives in Outer London.

===Economy===
In 2002 there were 1.64 million jobs located in Outer London, which accounted for 42% of total jobs in London. [[Heathrow Airport]] and [[Croydon]] are the most significant locations for employment in Outer London.<ref name="Paper 34">{{cite web |last1=King |first1=Stephen |title=Working Paper 34: Outer London – Economic data and statistics |url=https://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/gla_migrate_files_destination/archives/mayor-economic_unit-docs-wp_34.pdf |website=GLA Economics |publisher=Greater London Authority |access-date=9 July 2023 |date=March 2009}}</ref>

=== Ethnicity ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! rowspan="3" |Ethnic Group
! colspan="4" |Year
|-
! colspan="2" |1981 estimations<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicityin1991c0000unse |title=Ethnicity in the 1991 census: Vol 3 - Social geography and ethnicity in Britain, geographical spread, spatial concentration and internal migration |date=1996 |publisher=London : HMSO |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-11-691655-6}}</ref>
! colspan="2" scope="col" |1991 census<ref name=":02">{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicityin1991c0000unse |title=Ethnicity in the 1991 census: Vol 3 - Social geography and ethnicity in Britain, geographical spread, spatial concentration and internal migration |date=1996 |publisher=London : HMSO |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-11-691655-6}}</ref>
|-
!Number
!%
! scope="col" |Number
! scope="col" |%
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row" |[[White people in the United Kingdom|White]]: Total
!3,821,141
!89.8%
!3,534,783
!82.9%
|-
| scope="row" |White: [[White British|British]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
| scope="row" |White: [[White Irish|Irish]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
| scope="row" |White: [[White Gypsy or Irish Traveller|Gypsy or Irish Traveller]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
|White: Roma
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
| scope="row" |White: [[Other White|Other]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
! scope="row" |[[British Asian|Asian or Asian British]]: Total
!263,610
!6.2%
!457,755
!10.7%
|-
| scope="row" |Asian or Asian British: [[British Indians|Indian]]
|172,715
|4.1%
|283,286
|6.7%
|-
| scope="row" |Asian or Asian British: [[British Pakistanis|Pakistani]]
|36,710
|0.8%
|60,723
|1.4%
|-
| scope="row" |Asian or Asian British: [[British Bangladeshis|Bangladeshi]]
|6,778
|
|15,122
|
|-
| scope="row" |Asian or Asian British: [[British Chinese|Chinese]]
|16,556
|
|29,030
|
|-
| scope="row" |Asian or Asian British: Other Asian
|30,851
|
|69,594
|
|-
! scope="row" |[[Black British people|Black or Black British]]: Total
!131,883
!3.1%
!205,299
!4.8%
|-
| scope="row" |Black or Black British: [[British African-Caribbean people|African]]
|31,361
|
|56,463
|
|-
| scope="row" |Black or Black British: [[British African-Caribbean people|Caribbean]]
|78,534
|1.8%
|116,359
|2.7%
|-
| scope="row" |Black or Black British: [[Classification of ethnicity in the United Kingdom|Other Black]]
|21,988
|
|32,477
|
|-
! scope="row" |[[Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)|Mixed or British Mixed]]: Total
!–
!–
!–
!–
|-
| scope="row" |Mixed: White and Black Caribbean
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
| scope="row" |Mixed: White and Black African
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
| scope="row" |Mixed: White and Asian
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
| scope="row" |Mixed: Other Mixed
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
! scope="row" |Other: Total
!38,861
!0.9%
!64,858
!1.5%
|-
| scope="row" |Other: Arab
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
| scope="row" |Other: Any other ethnic group
|–
|–
|
|
|-
!Non-White: Total
!434,360
!10.2%
!727,917
!17.1%
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row" |Total
!4,255,501
!100%
!4,262,700
!100%
|}


==Strategic planning==
==Strategic planning==

Latest revision as of 11:40, 28 July 2024

Outer London
Statutory definition
Statutory definition
Statistical definition
Statistical definition
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
CountryEngland
RegionLondon
Administrative areaGreater London
Area
 • Total
484 sq mi (1,253 km2)
Population
 (2021 Census)
 • Total
5,395,500
 • Density11,000/sq mi (4,300/km2)
NUTSUKI2

Outer London is the name for the group of London boroughs that form a ring around Inner London.[1] Together, the inner and outer boroughs form London, the capital city of the United Kingdom. The population at the 2021 Census was 5,395,500, which means over 60% of the population of Greater London lives in Outer London.

History

[edit]

Outer London consists of areas that were not part of the County of London and became formally part of London when Greater London was created 1965. An exception is North Woolwich, which was in the County of London but was transferred to Newham in 1965.

London Government Act 1963

[edit]

The twenty Outer London boroughs were defined by the London Government Act 1963.[2] The main difference between Inner and Outer London boroughs between 1965 and 1990 was that the outer boroughs were local education authorities. The statutory Outer London boroughs are:

ONS definition (statistics)

[edit]
Outer London population pyramid in 2021

The Office for National Statistics and the decennial UK Census use a different definition of Outer London, excluding Haringey and Newham (which are defined as Inner London), and including Greenwich.[3] This is reflected in the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS) classification. Under this classification, Outer London consists of the nineteen London boroughs of Barking and Dagenham, Barnet, Bexley, Brent, Bromley, Croydon, Ealing, Enfield, Greenwich, Harrow, Havering, Hillingdon, Hounslow, Kingston upon Thames, Merton, Redbridge, Richmond upon Thames, Sutton, and Waltham Forest.

Population

[edit]
Historical population
Year Population
1891
1,083,770
1901
1,647,396
1911
2,162,288
1921
2,413,978
1931
3,217,219
1939
4,250,788
1951
4,517,588
1961
4,499,737
1971
4,420,585
1981
4,254,900
1991
4,230,000
2001
4,463,100
2011
4,942,040
2021
5,395,500

Figures here are for the Office for National Statistics defined Outer London (in its 2001 limits), whose land area is 1,254 km2 (484 sq mi). Figures before 1971 have been reconstructed by the Office for National Statistics based on past censuses in order to fit the 2001 limits.

Outer London continued to grow as population moved from Inner London, surpassing the Inner London population in 1951 at 4,517,588. The population of Greater London as a whole then started to decline, and the Outer London population fell from the 1951 peak to 4,230,000 in 1991. Since 1991 the Outer London population has been increasing again, surpassing the 1951 peak with a population of 4,942,040 in 2011. The population at the 2021 Census was 5,395,500.[4] Over 60% of the population of Greater London lives in Outer London.

Economy

[edit]

In 2002 there were 1.64 million jobs located in Outer London, which accounted for 42% of total jobs in London. Heathrow Airport and Croydon are the most significant locations for employment in Outer London.[5]

Ethnicity

[edit]
Ethnic Group Year
1981 estimations[6] 1991 census[7]
Number % Number %
White: Total 3,821,141 89.8% 3,534,783 82.9%
White: British – – – –
White: Irish – – – –
White: Gypsy or Irish Traveller – – – –
White: Roma – – – –
White: Other – – – –
Asian or Asian British: Total 263,610 6.2% 457,755 10.7%
Asian or Asian British: Indian 172,715 4.1% 283,286 6.7%
Asian or Asian British: Pakistani 36,710 0.8% 60,723 1.4%
Asian or Asian British: Bangladeshi 6,778 15,122
Asian or Asian British: Chinese 16,556 29,030
Asian or Asian British: Other Asian 30,851 69,594
Black or Black British: Total 131,883 3.1% 205,299 4.8%
Black or Black British: African 31,361 56,463
Black or Black British: Caribbean 78,534 1.8% 116,359 2.7%
Black or Black British: Other Black 21,988 32,477
Mixed or British Mixed: Total – – – –
Mixed: White and Black Caribbean – – – –
Mixed: White and Black African – – – –
Mixed: White and Asian – – – –
Mixed: Other Mixed – – – –
Other: Total 38,861 0.9% 64,858 1.5%
Other: Arab – – – –
Other: Any other ethnic group – –
Non-White: Total 434,360 10.2% 727,917 17.1%
Total 4,255,501 100% 4,262,700 100%

Strategic planning

[edit]

For the purposes of the London Plan planning document produced by the Mayor of London, Outer London consists of the statutory Outer London boroughs, with the exception of Newham.[8]

Other definitions

[edit]

From 1990 to 2000 London used two telephone area codes with separate codes for 'Inner London' and 'Outer London' (originally 071 and 081 respectively, becoming 0171 and 0181 in 1995). The area covered by the 'Outer London' code was widely different from all of the above definitions. In 2000, London returned to using a single 020 area code and all official distinctions between 'inner' and 'outer' London numbers ceased at this time.[9][10]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "A Beginners Guide to UK Geography (2023)". Open Geography Portal. Office for National Statistics. 24 August 2023. Retrieved 9 December 2023. Outer London refers to the part of Greater London falling outside the boundaries of the former London county, which existed from 1889 to 1965. The Outer London area includes 19 of the London boroughs.
  2. ^ Office of Public Sector Information - London Government Act 1963 (c.33) (as amended)
  3. ^ "Outer London through time: Administrative History (post 1974)". A vision of Britain through time. Great Britain Historical GIS. Archived from the original on 2012-02-13. Retrieved 2009-11-20.
  4. ^ "Population and household estimates, England and Wales: Census 2021". Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
  5. ^ King, Stephen (March 2009). "Working Paper 34: Outer London – Economic data and statistics" (PDF). GLA Economics. Greater London Authority. Retrieved 9 July 2023.
  6. ^ Ethnicity in the 1991 census: Vol 3 - Social geography and ethnicity in Britain, geographical spread, spatial concentration and internal migration. Internet Archive. London : HMSO. 1996. ISBN 978-0-11-691655-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  7. ^ Ethnicity in the 1991 census: Vol 3 - Social geography and ethnicity in Britain, geographical spread, spatial concentration and internal migration. Internet Archive. London : HMSO. 1996. ISBN 978-0-11-691655-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  8. ^ Mayor of London. London Plan: Chapter 2 (PDF). Greater London Authority. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-06.
  9. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-05-26. Retrieved 2012-02-26.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  10. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-01-17. Retrieved 2012-02-26.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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