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{{Short description|Russian diplomat (1752-1836)}}
{{Short description|Russian diplomat (1752–1836)}}
{{Expand Ukrainian|topic=bio|date=September 2023}}
{{Family name hatnote|Kirillmovich|[[Razumovsky]]|lang=Eastern Slavic}}
{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
| name = Andreas Razumoffsky
| name = Andreas Razumoffsky
| image = Portrait of Andrey Razumovsky, by Lampi the Younger (1810).jpg
| image = Portrait of Andrey Razumovsky, by Lampi the Younger (1810).jpg
| caption = Portrait of Razumovsky from 1810 by Austrian artist [[Johann Baptist von Lampi the Younger|Lampi the Younger]]
| caption = Portrait of Razumovsky from 1810 by Austrian artist [[Johann Baptist von Lampi the Younger|Lampi the Younger]]
| native_name = Андре́й Кири́ллович Разумо́вский
| native_name = {{nobold|Андрей Разумовский}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1752|11|02|df=y}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1752|11|02|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Razumovski Palace (Hlukhiv)|Razumovski Palace]], [[Hlukhiv|Glukhov]], [[Russian Empire]] (now [[Hlukhiv]], [[Ukraine]])
| birth_place = [[Hlukhiv|Glukhov]], [[Cossack Hetmanate]], Russian Empire
| death_date = {{Birth date|1836|09|23|df=y}}
| death_date = {{Birth date|1836|09|23|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Vienna]], [[Austrian Empire]]
| death_place = Vienna, Austrian Empire
| known_for = [[diplomat]], [[patronage]]
| occupation = [[Diplomat]], [[patronage]]
| children = Stanislav, Kateryna
| children =
| father = [[Kirill Razumovski|Kirill Razumovsky]]
| father = [[Kirill Razumovski|Kirill Razumovsky]]
}}
}}


Count (later Prince) '''Andrey Kirillovich Razumovsky'''<ref group="nb">{{lang-ru|Андре́й Кири́ллович Разумо́вский|Andryéy Kiríllovich Razumóvskiy}}, {{lang-de|Andreas von Rasumofsky}}</Ref> (2 November 1752&nbsp;– 23 September 1836) was a Russian Imperial diplomat who spent many years of his life in Vienna. His name is transliterated differently in different English sources, including spellings '''Razumovsky''', '''Rasumofsky''', and '''Rasoumoffsky'''.<ref group="nb"> This last spelling was used by the British Government for its official translation from the French of the [[Treaty of Paris (1815)|Paris peace treaty of 1815]] and the [[Final Act of the Congress of Vienna]]. </ref>
Count (later Prince) '''Andrey Kirillovich Razumovsky'''{{efn|{{lang-ru|Андре́й Кири́ллович Разумо́вский|Andryéy Kiríllovich Razumóvskiy}}; {{lang-uk|Андрі́й Кири́лович Розумо́вський|Andriy Kirilovich Rozumovskyi}}; {{lang-de|Andreas von Rasumofsky}}}} (2 November 1752&nbsp;– 23 September 1836) was a Russian diplomat who spent many years of his life in Vienna. His name is transliterated differently in different English sources, including spellings '''Razumovsky''', '''Rasumofsky''', and '''Rasoumoffsky'''.{{efn|This last spelling was used by the British Government for its official translation from the French of the [[Treaty of Paris (1815)|Paris peace treaty of 1815]] and the [[Final Act of the Congress of Vienna]].}}

==Life==
==Life==
Razumovsky was the son of [[Kirill Razumovsky]], the last [[Hetman of Zaporizhian Host]] and of [[Yekaterina Naryshkina|Catherine Naryshkina]], a cousin of Tsarina [[Elizabeth of Russia]]. He was also a nephew of the Tsarina's lover, [[Aleksey Grigorievich Razumovsky]], called the "Night Emperor" of Russia. The elder Rasumovsky's late [[Baroque]] palace on the [[Nevsky Prospekt]] is a minor landmark in [[Saint Petersburg]]. In 1792 Andrey Kirillovitch was appointed the [[Ambassador of Russia to Austria|Tsar's diplomatic representative]] to the [[Habsburg]] court in [[Vienna]], one of the crucial diplomatic posts during the [[Napoleonic era]].
Razumovsky was the son of [[Kirill Razumovsky]], the last [[hetman of the Zaporizhian Host]], and of his wife, [[Yekaterina Naryshkina|Catherine Naryshkina]], a cousin of [[Elizabeth of Russia]]. He was also a nephew of the Elizabeth's lover, [[Aleksey Grigorievich Razumovsky]], called the "Night Emperor" of Russia. The elder Rasumovsky's late [[Baroque]] palace on the [[Nevsky Prospekt]] is a minor landmark in [[Saint Petersburg]]. In 1792, Andrey Kirillovich was appointed the [[Ambassador of Russia to Austria|tsar's diplomatic representative]] to the [[Habsburg]] court in [[Vienna]], one of the crucial diplomatic posts during the [[Napoleonic era]].

In 1779 Razumovsky became the first Russian ambassador in the [[Kingdom of Naples]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.napolitoday.it/cronaca/napoli-russia-ambasciatore-razov-video.html|title=Napoli e la Russia modello diplomatico: apposta una targa in via Nardones (VIDEO)|website=NapoliToday|accessdate=May 28, 2019}}</ref>
In 1779, Razumovsky became the first Russian ambassador in the [[Kingdom of Naples]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.napolitoday.it/cronaca/napoli-russia-ambasciatore-razov-video.html|title=Napoli e la Russia modello diplomatico: apposta una targa in via Nardones (VIDEO)|website=NapoliToday|accessdate=May 28, 2019}}</ref>
He was a chief negotiator during the [[Congress of Vienna]] that re-organised Europe in 1814, and asserted Russian rights in Poland.
He was a chief negotiator during the [[Congress of Vienna]] that re-organised Europe in 1814, and asserted Russian rights in Poland.


In 1808 he established a [[Schuppanzigh Quartet|house string quartet]] consisting of [[Ignaz Schuppanzigh]], Louis Sina, [[Franz Weiss (violist)|Franz Weiss]], and [[Joseph Linke]]. Razumovsky was an accomplished amateur violinist, and also known as a competent [[torban]] (see also: [[theorbo]]) player. The [[Kunsthistorisches Museum]] in Vienna holds one of the four torbans known to have been in his possession. His commissioning [[String Quartets Nos. 7–9, Op. 59 – Rasumovsky (Beethoven)|three string quartets]] from [[Ludwig van Beethoven|Beethoven]] in 1806 was the act that has made his name familiar. He asked Beethoven to include a Russian theme in each quartet: Beethoven included such kind of themes in the first two.<ref>
In 1808, he established a [[Schuppanzigh Quartet|house string quartet]] consisting of [[Ignaz Schuppanzigh]], Louis Sina, [[Franz Weiss (violist)|Franz Weiss]], and [[Joseph Linke]]. Razumovsky was an accomplished amateur violinist, and also known as a competent [[torban]] (see also: [[theorbo]]) player. The [[Kunsthistorisches Museum]] in Vienna holds one of the four torbans known to have been in his possession. His commissioning [[String Quartets Nos. 7–9, Op. 59 – Rasumovsky (Beethoven)|three string quartets]] from [[Ludwig van Beethoven|Beethoven]] in 1806 was the act that has made his name familiar. He asked Beethoven to include a Russian theme in each quartet: Beethoven included such kind of themes in the first two.<ref>
[[Edward Dusinberre]], Beethoven for a later age, [[Faber and Faber]] 2016
[[Edward Dusinberre]], Beethoven for a later age, [[Faber and Faber]] 2016
</ref>
</ref>

Razumovsky was the brother-in-law of another of Beethoven's patrons, Prince [[Joseph Franz von Lobkowitz]]. His first wife, Countess Elisabeth von Thun was a sister in law of Count Carl von [[Lichnowsky]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PUm1lS2j-wQC&q=Countess+Elisabeth+von+Thun&pg=PA1440|title=The Titled Nobility of Europe: An International Peerage, Or "Who's Who", of the Sovereigns, Princes and Nobles of Europe|last=of)|first=Melville Amadeus Henry Douglas Heddle de La Caillemotte de Massue de Ruvigny Ruvigny and Raineval (9th marquis|date=1914|publisher=Harrison & Sons|language=en}}</ref>
Razumovsky was the brother-in-law of another of Beethoven's patrons, Prince [[Joseph Franz von Lobkowitz]]. His first wife, Countess Elisabeth von [[Thun und Hohenstein]] was a sister in law of [[Karl Alois, Prince Lichnowsky|Karl Alois, Prince Lichnowsky von Woschütz]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PUm1lS2j-wQC&q=Countess+Elisabeth+von+Thun&pg=PA1440|title=The Titled Nobility of Europe: An International Peerage, Or "Who's Who", of the Sovereigns, Princes and Nobles of Europe|last=of)|first=Melville Amadeus Henry Douglas Heddle de La Caillemotte de Massue de Ruvigny Ruvigny and Raineval (9th marquis|date=1914|publisher=Harrison & Sons|language=en}}</ref>


== The ''Palais Rasumofsky'' ==
== The ''Palais Rasumofsky'' ==
{{Main|Palais Rasumofsky}}
{{Main|Palais Rasumofsky}}
[[File:Wien Oberrealschule (Palais Rasumofsky).jpg|thumb|Palais Rasumofsky, Vienna.]]
Razumovsky built a magnificent [[Neoclassicism|Neoclassic]] palace worthy of the representative of [[Alexander I of Russia|Alexander I]], at his own expense and to the designs of [[Louis Montoyer]], on the [[Landstraße]], quite close to Vienna, and filled it with antiquities and modern works of art. In the morning of 31 December 1814, during the preparation of a ball with the Tsar [[Alexander I of Russia|Alexander I]] as guest of honor, a fire broke out in a temporary ballroom extension, setting the ballroom ablaze and burning out roomfuls of art in the back wing of the palace.<ref>{{cite book |last=King |first=David |url=https://archive.org/details/vienna1814howcon00king/page/192 |title=Vienna, 1814: How the Conquerors of Napoleon Made Love, War, and Peace at the Congress of Vienna |publisher=Harmony Books |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-307-33716-0 |location=New York, NY |pages=[https://archive.org/details/vienna1814howcon00king/page/192 192] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Even though he was raised to Prince the following year, Razumovsky was never the same. He lived in seclusion in Vienna until his death in 1836. In 1862, the street on which Razumovsky's palace is located was named ''Rasumofskygasse''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Razumofskygasse |url=https://www.geschichtewiki.wien.gv.at/Rasumofskygasse |access-date=27 September 2023 |website=geschichtewiki.wien.gv.at |publisher=[[Vienna History Wiki]] |language=de}}</ref>
Razumovsky built a magnificent [[Neoclassicism|Neoclassic]] palace worthy of the representative of [[Alexander I of Russia|Alexander I]], at his own expense and to the designs of [[Louis Montoyer]], on the [[Landstraße]], quite close to Vienna, and filled it with antiquities and modern works of art. In the morning of 31 December 1814, during the preparation of a ball with the Tsar [[Alexander I of Russia|Alexander I]] as guest of honor, a fire broke out in a temporary ballroom extension, setting the ballroom ablaze and burning out roomfuls of art in the back wing of the palace.<ref>{{cite book |last=King |first=David |url=https://archive.org/details/vienna1814howcon00king/page/192 |title=Vienna, 1814: How the Conquerors of Napoleon Made Love, War, and Peace at the Congress of Vienna |publisher=Harmony Books |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-307-33716-0 |location=New York, NY |pages=[https://archive.org/details/vienna1814howcon00king/page/192 192] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Even though he was raised to Prince the following year, Razumovsky was never the same. He lived in seclusion in Vienna until his death in 1836. In 1862, the street on which Razumovsky's palace is located was named ''Rasumofskygasse''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Razumofskygasse |url=https://www.geschichtewiki.wien.gv.at/Rasumofskygasse |access-date=27 September 2023 |website=geschichtewiki.wien.gv.at |publisher=[[Vienna History Wiki]] |language=de}}</ref>


==Conversion to Roman Catholicism==
==Conversion to Roman Catholicism==


Razumovsky converted to Roman Catholicism from his native religion, Russian Orthodoxy, under the influence of his second wife, the Countess Konstanze von Thürheim (1785–1867), whom he married in February 1816.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}
Razumovsky converted to Roman Catholicism from his native religion, Russian Orthodoxy, under the influence of his second wife, Countess Konstanze von Thürheim (1785–1867), member of [[uradel]] noble family from [[Swabia]] and sister of his friend [[Lulu von Thürheim]], whom he married in February 1816.<ref>https://www.genealogics.org/getperson.php?personID=I00571220&tree=LEO</ref>


==Andrey Razumovsky Musical Fest ==
==Andrey Razumovsky Musical Fest ==
Line 43: Line 49:


==Notes==
==Notes==
{{notelist}}
{{reflist|group=nb}}


== References ==
== References ==
Line 67: Line 73:
[[Category:Razumovsky family|Andrey]]
[[Category:Razumovsky family|Andrey]]
[[Category:Russian Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Russian Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Politicians of the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:Politicians from the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:Torbanists]]
[[Category:Torbanists]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of the Russian Empire to Denmark]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of the Russian Empire to Denmark]]

Revision as of 13:57, 22 July 2024

In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming customs, the patronymic is Kirillmovich and the family name is Razumovsky.
Andreas Razumoffsky
Андрей Разумовский
Portrait of Razumovsky from 1810 by Austrian artist Lampi the Younger
Born(1752-11-02)2 November 1752
Glukhov, Cossack Hetmanate, Russian Empire
Died(1836-09-23)23 September 1836
Vienna, Austrian Empire
Occupation(s)Diplomat, patronage
FatherKirill Razumovsky

Count (later Prince) Andrey Kirillovich Razumovsky[a] (2 November 1752 – 23 September 1836) was a Russian diplomat who spent many years of his life in Vienna. His name is transliterated differently in different English sources, including spellings Razumovsky, Rasumofsky, and Rasoumoffsky.[b]

Life

Razumovsky was the son of Kirill Razumovsky, the last hetman of the Zaporizhian Host, and of his wife, Catherine Naryshkina, a cousin of Elizabeth of Russia. He was also a nephew of the Elizabeth's lover, Aleksey Grigorievich Razumovsky, called the "Night Emperor" of Russia. The elder Rasumovsky's late Baroque palace on the Nevsky Prospekt is a minor landmark in Saint Petersburg. In 1792, Andrey Kirillovich was appointed the tsar's diplomatic representative to the Habsburg court in Vienna, one of the crucial diplomatic posts during the Napoleonic era.

In 1779, Razumovsky became the first Russian ambassador in the Kingdom of Naples.[1] He was a chief negotiator during the Congress of Vienna that re-organised Europe in 1814, and asserted Russian rights in Poland.

In 1808, he established a house string quartet consisting of Ignaz Schuppanzigh, Louis Sina, Franz Weiss, and Joseph Linke. Razumovsky was an accomplished amateur violinist, and also known as a competent torban (see also: theorbo) player. The Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna holds one of the four torbans known to have been in his possession. His commissioning three string quartets from Beethoven in 1806 was the act that has made his name familiar. He asked Beethoven to include a Russian theme in each quartet: Beethoven included such kind of themes in the first two.[2]

Razumovsky was the brother-in-law of another of Beethoven's patrons, Prince Joseph Franz von Lobkowitz. His first wife, Countess Elisabeth von Thun und Hohenstein was a sister in law of Karl Alois, Prince Lichnowsky von Woschütz.[3]

The Palais Rasumofsky

Main article: Palais Rasumofsky
Palais Rasumofsky, Vienna.

Razumovsky built a magnificent Neoclassic palace worthy of the representative of Alexander I, at his own expense and to the designs of Louis Montoyer, on the Landstraße, quite close to Vienna, and filled it with antiquities and modern works of art. In the morning of 31 December 1814, during the preparation of a ball with the Tsar Alexander I as guest of honor, a fire broke out in a temporary ballroom extension, setting the ballroom ablaze and burning out roomfuls of art in the back wing of the palace.[4] Even though he was raised to Prince the following year, Razumovsky was never the same. He lived in seclusion in Vienna until his death in 1836. In 1862, the street on which Razumovsky's palace is located was named Rasumofskygasse.[5]

Conversion to Roman Catholicism

Razumovsky converted to Roman Catholicism from his native religion, Russian Orthodoxy, under the influence of his second wife, Countess Konstanze von Thürheim (1785–1867), member of uradel noble family from Swabia and sister of his friend Lulu von Thürheim, whom he married in February 1816.[6]

Andrey Razumovsky Musical Fest

On October 22, 2015 a long-awaited musical event - Andrey Razumovsky IV Regional musical festival-competition of young performers took place in Hetman Razumovsky Palace in Baturin. This tradition started in 2012 in Baturin palace at the time of the 260 birthday anniversary of Andrey Razumovsky. He is world-known for his role as patron of Ludwig van Beethoven who dedicated three String Quartets, Op. 59 1, 2 and 3, as well as the 5th and the 6th Symphonies to him.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Russian: Андре́й Кири́ллович Разумо́вский, romanized: Andryéy Kiríllovich Razumóvskiy; Ukrainian: Андрі́й Кири́лович Розумо́вський, romanized: Andriy Kirilovich Rozumovskyi; German: Andreas von Rasumofsky
  2. ^ This last spelling was used by the British Government for its official translation from the French of the Paris peace treaty of 1815 and the Final Act of the Congress of Vienna.

References

  1. ^ "Napoli e la Russia modello diplomatico: apposta una targa in via Nardones (VIDEO)". NapoliToday. Retrieved May 28, 2019.
  2. ^ Edward Dusinberre, Beethoven for a later age, Faber and Faber 2016
  3. ^ of), Melville Amadeus Henry Douglas Heddle de La Caillemotte de Massue de Ruvigny Ruvigny and Raineval (9th marquis (1914). The Titled Nobility of Europe: An International Peerage, Or "Who's Who", of the Sovereigns, Princes and Nobles of Europe. Harrison & Sons.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ King, David (2008). Vienna, 1814: How the Conquerors of Napoleon Made Love, War, and Peace at the Congress of Vienna. New York, NY: Harmony Books. pp. 192. ISBN 978-0-307-33716-0.
  5. ^ "Razumofskygasse". geschichtewiki.wien.gv.at (in German). Vienna History Wiki. Retrieved 27 September 2023.
  6. ^ https://www.genealogics.org/getperson.php?personID=I00571220&tree=LEO
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