London Eye: Difference between revisions

London Eye
London Eye
Alternative names	Millennium Wheel
General information
Status	Operating
Type	Observation wheel
Location	Lambeth, London
Address	Riverside Building, County Hall, Westminster Bridge Road
Coordinates	51°30′12″N 0°07′10″W / 51.5033°N 0.1194°W
Completed	March 2000
Opened	31 December 1999 (ceremonial, without passengers); 1 February 2000 (first passengers carried); 9 March 2000 (opened to general public);
Cost	£70 million
Owner	Merlin Entertainments
Height	135 metres (443 ft)
Dimensions
Diameter	120 metres (394 ft)
Design and construction
Architect(s)	Frank Anatole; Joanna Bailey; Nic Bailey; Julia Barfield; Steven Chilton; Malcolm Cook; David Marks; Mark Sparrowhawk;
Architecture firm	Marks Barfield
Structural engineer	Arup
Other designers	Babtie Allott & Lomax (checking engineer); Tony Gee (foundations);
Awards and prizes	Institution of Structural Engineers Special Award 2001
Other information
Public transit access	Waterloo; Westminster
Website
	londoneye.com

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The London Eye, or the Millennium Wheel, is a cantilevered observation wheel on the South Bank of the River Thames in London. It is Europe's tallest cantilevered observation wheel,^[14] and the most popular paid tourist attraction in the United Kingdom with over three million visitors annually.^[15] It has been featured numerous times in popular culture.

The structure is 135 metres (443 ft) tall and the wheel has a diameter of 120 metres (394 ft). When it opened to the public in 2000 it was the world's tallest Ferris wheel. Its height was surpassed by the 160 metres (525 ft) Star of Nanchang in 2006, the 165 metres (541 ft) Singapore Flyer in 2008, the 167 metres (548 ft) High Roller (Las Vegas) in 2014, and the 250 metres (820 ft) Ain Dubai in 2021. Supported by an A-frame on one side only, unlike these taller examples, the Eye is described by its operators as "the world's tallest cantilevered observation wheel".^[16] The Eye offered the highest public viewing point in London until it was superseded by the 245-metre-high (804 ft) observation deck on the 72nd floor of The Shard in early 2013.^[17]^[18]^[19]

The London Eye adjoins the western end of Jubilee Gardens (previously the site of the former Dome of Discovery), on the South Bank of the River Thames between Westminster Bridge and Hungerford Bridge beside County Hall, in the London Borough of Lambeth. The nearest tube station is Waterloo.^[20]

History

Design and construction

The London Eye was designed by the husband-and-wife team of Julia Barfield and David Marks of Marks Barfield Architects.^[21]^[22]

Mace was responsible for construction management, with Hollandia as the main steelwork contractor and Tilbury Douglas as the civil contractor. Consulting engineers Tony Gee & Partners designed the foundation works while Beckett Rankine designed the marine works.^[23]

Nathaniel Lichfield and Partners assisted The Tussauds Group in obtaining planning and listed building consent to alter the wall on the South Bank of the Thames. They also examined and reported on the implications of a Section 106 agreement attached to the original contract, and also prepared planning and listed building consent applications for the permanent retention of the attraction, which involved the co-ordination of an Environmental Statement and the production of a planning supporting statement detailing the reasons for its retention.^[24]

The rim of the Eye is supported by tensioned steel cables^[25] and resembles a huge spoked bicycle wheel. The lighting was re-done with LED lighting from Color Kinetics in December 2006 to allow digital control of the lights as opposed to the manual replacement of gels over fluorescent tubes.^[26]

The wheel was constructed in sections which were floated up the Thames on barges and assembled lying flat on piled platforms in the river. Once the wheel was complete it was lifted into an upright position by a strand jack system made by Enerpac.^[27] It was first raised at 2 degrees per hour until it reached 65 degrees, then left in that position for a week while engineers prepared for the second phase of the lift. The project was European with major components coming from six countries: the steel was supplied from the UK and fabricated in The Netherlands by the Dutch company Hollandia, the cables came from Italy, the bearings came from Germany (FAG/Schaeffler Group), the spindle and hub were cast in the Czech Republic, the capsules were made by Poma in France (and the glass for these came from Italy), and the electrical components from the UK.^[28]

Opening

The London Eye was formally opened by the Prime Minister Tony Blair on 31 December 1999, but did not open to the paying public until 9 March 2000 because of a capsule clutch problem.^[2]

The London Eye was originally intended as a temporary attraction, with a five-year lease. In December 2001, operators submitted an application to Lambeth Council to give the London Eye permanent status, and the application was granted in July 2002.^[29]^[30]^[31]

On 5 June 2008, it was announced that 30 million people had ridden the London Eye since it opened.^[32]

Passenger capsules

Each of the 32 ovoidal capsules weighs 10 tonnes and can carry 25 people.

The wheel's 32 sealed and air-conditioned ovoidal passenger capsules, designed^[33] and supplied^[34] by Poma, are attached to the external circumference of the wheel and rotated by electric motors. The capsules are numbered from 1 to 33, excluding number 13 for superstitious reasons.^[35] Each of the 10-tonne (11-short-ton)^[36] capsules represents one of the London Boroughs,^[25] and holds up to 25 people,^[37] who are free to walk around inside the capsule, though seating is provided. The wheel rotates at 26 cm (10 in) per second (about 0.9 km/h or 0.6 mph) so that one revolution takes about 30 minutes, giving a theoretical capacity of 1,600 passengers per hour. It does not usually stop to take on passengers; the rotation rate is slow enough to allow passengers to walk on and off the moving capsules at ground level.^[36] It is stopped to allow disabled or elderly passengers time to embark and disembark safely.^[38]

In 2009, the first stage of a £12.5 million capsule upgrade began. Each capsule was taken down and floated down the river to Tilbury Docks in Essex.^[39]

On 2 June 2013, a passenger capsule was named the Coronation Capsule to mark the 60th anniversary of the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II.^[40]

In March 2020, the London Eye celebrated its 20th birthday by turning several of its pods into experiences themed around London. The experiences included a pub in a capsule, a west end theatre pod and a garden party with flower arrangements to represent the eight London Royal parks.^[41]

Ownership and branding

Marks Barfield (the lead architects), The Tussauds Group, and British Airways were the original owners of the London Eye.^[42] Tussauds bought out British Airways' stake in 2005^[42] and then Marks Barfield's stake in 2006^[43] to become sole owner.

In May 2007, the Blackstone Group purchased The Tussauds Group which was then the owner of the Eye; Tussauds was merged with Blackstone's Merlin Entertainments and disappeared as an entity.^[44]^[45] British Airways continued its brand association, but from the beginning of 2008 the name British Airways was dropped from the logo.^[46]

On 12 August 2009, the London Eye saw another rebrand, this time being called "The Merlin Entertainments London Eye". A refurbished ticket hall and 4D cinema experience were designed by architect Kay Elliott working with project designer Craig Sciba, and Simex-Iwerks as the 4D theatre hardware specialists. The film was written and directed by Julian Napier and produced by Phil Streather.^[47]

In January 2011, a lighting-up ceremony marked the start of a three-year deal between EDF Energy and Merlin Entertainments.^[48]

Coca-Cola began to sponsor the London Eye from January 2015. On the day the sponsorship was announced the London Eye was lit in red.^[49]

In February 2020, lastminute.com replaced Coca-Cola as the sponsor.^[50] Grammy Award-winning singer Meghan Trainor performed at the launch party on a boat overlooking the London Eye.^[51]^[52]

In March 2020, the wheel was illuminated blue every Thursday at 8pm in support of the National Health Service as part of the ‘Clap for our Carers’ campaign created during the COVID-19 pandemic.^[53]

Financial difficulties

On 20 May 2005, there were reports of a leaked letter showing that the South Bank Centre (SBC)—owners of part of the land on which the struts of the Eye are located—had served a notice to quit on the attraction along with a demand for an increase in rent from £64,000 per year to £2.5 million, which the operators rejected as unaffordable.^[54]

On 25 May 2005, London mayor Ken Livingstone vowed that the landmark would remain in London. He also pledged that if the dispute was not resolved he would use his powers to ask the London Development Agency to issue a compulsory purchase order.^[55] The land in question is a small part of the Jubilee Gardens, which was given to the SBC for £1 when the Greater London Council was broken up.^{[citation needed]}

The South Bank Centre and the British Airways London Eye agreed on a 25-year lease on 8 February 2006 after a judicial review over the rent dispute. The lease agreement meant that the South Bank Centre, a publicly funded charity, would receive at least £500,000 a year from the attraction, the status of which is secured for the foreseeable future.^[29]^[56]

Tussauds also announced the acquisition of the entire one-third interests of British Airways and Marks Barfield in the Eye as well as the outstanding debt to BA. These agreements gave Tussauds 100% ownership and resolved the debt from the Eye's construction loan from British Airways, which stood at more than £150 million by mid-2005 and had been charging an interest rate of 25% per annum.^[57]

Critical reception

Sir Richard Rogers, winner of the 2007 Pritzker Architecture Prize, wrote of the London Eye in a book about the project:

The Eye has done for London what the Eiffel Tower did for Paris, which is to give it a symbol and to let people climb above the city and look back down on it. Not just specialists or rich people, but everybody. That's the beauty of it: it is public and accessible, and it is in a great position at the heart of London.^[58]

Panoramic skyline seen from the Eye, with Palace of Westminster and Big Ben to the left, Charing Cross railway station centre, and Waterloo railway station to the right

Transport links

The nearest London Underground station is Waterloo, although Charing Cross, Embankment, and Westminster are also within easy walking distance.^[59]

Connection with National Rail services is made at London Waterloo station and London Waterloo East station.

London River Services operated by Thames Clippers and City Cruises stop at the London Eye Pier.

References

^ ^a ^b "London Eye". Marks Barfield. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
^ ^a ^b ^c "London's big wheel birthday". CNN. 8 March 2001.
^ Wells, Matt (2 February 2020). "London Eye begins its millennium revolution". The Guardian. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
^ "The London Eye". UK Attractions.com. 31 December 1999. Archived from the original on 16 January 2010. Retrieved 7 January 2010.
^ "The London Eye". Architect Magazine. 25 February 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
^ "Midway Attractions". Merlin Entertainments. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
^ Reece, Damian (6 May 2001). "London Eye is turning at a loss". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022.
^ ^a ^b "Structurae London Eye Millennium Wheel". web page. Nicolas Janberg ICS. 2011. Retrieved 5 December 2011.
^ "About the London Eye". Archived from the original on 11 July 2012.
^ "How big can Ferris wheels get?". Thoughts.arup.com. 23 September 2013. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
^ Taylor, David (1 March 2001). "ISE rewards the biggest and best". The Architects' Journal.
^ "London Eye, UK".
^ "Winners and Commendations" (PDF). Institution of Structural Engineers. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
^ Royal Mail Celebrates 10 Years of the London Eye Archived 3 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine
^ "The London Eye a complete visitor guide". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 1 May 2014. Retrieved 1 May 2014.
^ "Merlin Entertainments Group". Archived from the original on 29 March 2015. Retrieved 8 August 2012.
^ "Up you come, the view's amazing... first look from the Shard's public gallery". London Evening Standard. Retrieved 31 December 2014
^ "Shard observation deck to be Europe's highest". 20 May 2009.
^ "Shard rakes in £5million from visitors to viewing platform in first year". London Evening Standard. 21 March 2014.
^ "Location and Directions". londoneye.com. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
^ Hibbert, Christopher (2011). The London Encyclopaedia (3rd ed.). London: Pan MacMillan. ISBN 9780230738782.
^ Rose, Steve (31 August 2007). "London Eye, love at first sight". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 January 2010.
^ Beckett Rankine – London Eye Pier Design Archived 16 June 2013 at the Wayback Machine
^ "NLP – Project". Nlpplanning.com. Archived from the original on 21 March 2007. Retrieved 7 January 2010.
^ ^a ^b "Making of The London Eye". Londoneye.com. Archived from the original on 21 May 2014. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
^ "Color Kinetics Showcase London Eye". Colorkinetics.com. Retrieved 7 January 2010.
^ Enerpac strand jacks lift London Eye Archived 27 June 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Enerpac.com. Retrieved 6 February 2012.
^ Mann, A. P.; Thompson, N.; Smits, M. (2001). "Building the British Airways London Eye". Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Civil Engineering. 144 (2): 60–72. doi:10.1680/cien.2001.144.2.60.
^ ^a ^b Craig, Zoe (17 January 2017). "11 Fun Facts About The London Eye". Londonist. Retrieved 10 October 2018.
^ "London Eye aims to go permanent". BBC News. 10 December 2001. Retrieved 10 October 2018.
^ "London Eye 'to stay'". BBC News. 16 July 2002. Retrieved 10 October 2018.
^ "All Eyes on Eighth Wonder: The London Eye greets 30 millionth visitor and joins Stonehenge and the Taj Mahal as a world wonder". londoneye.com. EDF Energy London Eye. June 2008. Archived from the original on 7 January 2012. Retrieved 13 January 2012.
^ Ashby, Charles. (15 November 2011) High-flying deal for Leitner-Poma. Gjsentinel.com. Retrieved 6 February 2012.
^ Colorado's Leitner-Poma to build cabins for huge observation wheel in Las Vegas. The Denver Post. Retrieved 6 February 2012.
^ "The London Eye in numbers". The Daily Telegraph. 9 March 2015. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022.
^ ^a ^b "Interesting things you never knew about the London Eye". London Eye. Archived from the original on 30 July 2014.
^ Hester, Elliott (23 September 2007). "London's Eye in the sky not just a Ferris wheel". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on 26 November 2010.
^ "Disabled Guests". London Eye. Archived from the original on 29 March 2015. Retrieved 15 September 2014.
^ Woodman, Peter (26 June 2009). "London Eye capsule taken away as refit starts". The Independent. Retrieved 13 March 2020.
^ "Queen lookalike unveils Coronation Capsule at London Eye". london-se1.co.uk. 2 June 2013. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
^ "London Eye transformed to celebrate 20 years". ITV News. 6 March 2020. Retrieved 24 April 2020.
^ ^a ^b "Blackstone to buy Tussauds' parent". Los Angeles Times. Reuters. 6 March 2007. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved 16 January 2017.
^ Rose, Steve (27 March 2006). "Towering ambition". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 16 January 2017.
^ "Merlin conjures up leaseback deal". The Daily Telegraph. 17 July 2007. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022.
^ Cho, David (6 March 2007). "Blackstone Buys Madame Tussauds Chain". The Washington Post.
^ "London Eye to get (another) new name". London Evening Standard. 7 January 2011. Retrieved 16 January 2017.
^ "A new eye on London". London Eye. Archived from the original on 17 August 2009.
^ "EDF Energy naming rights". Attractions Management. Retrieved 8 January 2011.
^ "Coca-Cola to sponsor London Eye". The Guardian. 16 September 2014. Retrieved 22 October 2014.
^ "The London Eye is turning pink in 2020 (at night, anyway)". Time Out London. 14 November 2019. Retrieved 24 April 2020.
^ Hayhurst, Lee (20 February 2020). "Video: Lastminute.com paints London town pink once again with London Eye sponsorship". Travolution.com. Retrieved 24 April 2020.
^ "London Eye will be in the pink with Lastminute.com". Travel Weekly (UK). 14 November 2019. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
^ Penna, Dominic (23 April 2020). "Clap For Our Carers: what time is the NHS applause tonight?". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 24 April 2020.
^ "London Eye given eviction notice". BBC News. 20 May 2005. Retrieved 7 January 2010.
^ "Mayor's 'prat' jibe over Eye row". BBC News. 25 May 2005. Retrieved 7 January 2010.
^ "London Eye gets new 25-year lease". BBC News. 8 February 2006. Retrieved 10 October 2018.
^ Marriner, Cosima (11 November 2005). "BA sells stake in London Eye to Tussauds for £95m". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 January 2010.
^ Marks Barfield Architects (2007). Eye: The story behind the London Eye. London: Black Dog Publishing.
^ How to get here Archived 13 May 2014 at the Wayback Machine

External links

Preceded by Daikanransha	World's tallest Ferris wheel 2000–2006	Succeeded by Star of Nanchang

[marksstudy-1] "London Eye". Marks Barfield. Retrieved 30 July 2020.

[cnnbirthday-2] "London's big wheel birthday". CNN. 8 March 2001.

[3] Wells, Matt (2 February 2020). "London Eye begins its millennium revolution". The Guardian. Retrieved 30 July 2020.

[ukattractions-4] "The London Eye". UK Attractions.com. 31 December 1999. Archived from the original on 16 January 2010. Retrieved 7 January 2010.

[5] "The London Eye". Architect Magazine. 25 February 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2020.

[6] "Midway Attractions". Merlin Entertainments. Retrieved 30 July 2020.

[7] Reece, Damian (6 May 2001). "London Eye is turning at a loss". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022.

[structurae-8] "Structurae London Eye Millennium Wheel". web page. Nicolas Janberg ICS. 2011. Retrieved 5 December 2011.

[marksbarfield-9] "About the London Eye". Archived from the original on 11 July 2012.

[10] "How big can Ferris wheels get?". Thoughts.arup.com. 23 September 2013. Retrieved 21 May 2014.

[11] Taylor, David (1 March 2001). "ISE rewards the biggest and best". The Architects' Journal.

[12] "London Eye, UK".

[13] "Winners and Commendations" (PDF). Institution of Structural Engineers. Retrieved 30 July 2020.

[14] Royal Mail Celebrates 10 Years of the London Eye Archived 3 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine

[history-15] "The London Eye a complete visitor guide". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 1 May 2014. Retrieved 1 May 2014.

[16] "Merlin Entertainments Group". Archived from the original on 29 March 2015. Retrieved 8 August 2012.

[17] "Up you come, the view's amazing... first look from the Shard's public gallery". London Evening Standard. Retrieved 31 December 2014

[18] "Shard observation deck to be Europe's highest". 20 May 2009.

[19] "Shard rakes in £5million from visitors to viewing platform in first year". London Evening Standard. 21 March 2014.

[20] "Location and Directions". londoneye.com. Retrieved 22 August 2022.

[21] Hibbert, Christopher (2011). The London Encyclopaedia (3rd ed.). London: Pan MacMillan. ISBN 9780230738782.

[G2-22] Rose, Steve (31 August 2007). "London Eye, love at first sight". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 January 2010.

[23] Beckett Rankine – London Eye Pier Design Archived 16 June 2013 at the Wayback Machine

[24] "NLP – Project". Nlpplanning.com. Archived from the original on 21 March 2007. Retrieved 7 January 2010.

[making-25] "Making of The London Eye". Londoneye.com. Archived from the original on 21 May 2014. Retrieved 21 May 2014.

[26] "Color Kinetics Showcase London Eye". Colorkinetics.com. Retrieved 7 January 2010.

[27] Enerpac strand jacks lift London Eye Archived 27 June 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Enerpac.com. Retrieved 6 February 2012.

[28] Mann, A. P.; Thompson, N.; Smits, M. (2001). "Building the British Airways London Eye". Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Civil Engineering. 144 (2): 60–72. doi:10.1680/cien.2001.144.2.60.

[Londonist_2017-29] Craig, Zoe (17 January 2017). "11 Fun Facts About The London Eye". Londonist. Retrieved 10 October 2018.

[BBC_2001-30] "London Eye aims to go permanent". BBC News. 10 December 2001. Retrieved 10 October 2018.

[BBC_2002-31] "London Eye 'to stay'". BBC News. 16 July 2002. Retrieved 10 October 2018.

[32] "All Eyes on Eighth Wonder: The London Eye greets 30 millionth visitor and joins Stonehenge and the Taj Mahal as a world wonder". londoneye.com. EDF Energy London Eye. June 2008. Archived from the original on 7 January 2012. Retrieved 13 January 2012.

[33] Ashby, Charles. (15 November 2011) High-flying deal for Leitner-Poma. Gjsentinel.com. Retrieved 6 February 2012.

[34] Colorado's Leitner-Poma to build cabins for huge observation wheel in Las Vegas. The Denver Post. Retrieved 6 February 2012.

[35] "The London Eye in numbers". The Daily Telegraph. 9 March 2015. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022.

[facts-36] "Interesting things you never knew about the London Eye". London Eye. Archived from the original on 30 July 2014.

[tribune-37] Hester, Elliott (23 September 2007). "London's Eye in the sky not just a Ferris wheel". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on 26 November 2010.

[disabled-38] "Disabled Guests". London Eye. Archived from the original on 29 March 2015. Retrieved 15 September 2014.

[39] Woodman, Peter (26 June 2009). "London Eye capsule taken away as refit starts". The Independent. Retrieved 13 March 2020.

[40] "Queen lookalike unveils Coronation Capsule at London Eye". london-se1.co.uk. 2 June 2013. Retrieved 8 June 2013.

[41] "London Eye transformed to celebrate 20 years". ITV News. 6 March 2020. Retrieved 24 April 2020.

[:0-42] "Blackstone to buy Tussauds' parent". Los Angeles Times. Reuters. 6 March 2007. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved 16 January 2017.

[43] Rose, Steve (27 March 2006). "Towering ambition". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 16 January 2017.

[44] "Merlin conjures up leaseback deal". The Daily Telegraph. 17 July 2007. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022.

[45] Cho, David (6 March 2007). "Blackstone Buys Madame Tussauds Chain". The Washington Post.

[46] "London Eye to get (another) new name". London Evening Standard. 7 January 2011. Retrieved 16 January 2017.

[4D_Experience-47] "A new eye on London". London Eye. Archived from the original on 17 August 2009.

[48] "EDF Energy naming rights". Attractions Management. Retrieved 8 January 2011.

[49] "Coca-Cola to sponsor London Eye". The Guardian. 16 September 2014. Retrieved 22 October 2014.

[50] "The London Eye is turning pink in 2020 (at night, anyway)". Time Out London. 14 November 2019. Retrieved 24 April 2020.

[51] Hayhurst, Lee (20 February 2020). "Video: Lastminute.com paints London town pink once again with London Eye sponsorship". Travolution.com. Retrieved 24 April 2020.

[52] "London Eye will be in the pink with Lastminute.com". Travel Weekly (UK). 14 November 2019. Retrieved 19 November 2019.

[53] Penna, Dominic (23 April 2020). "Clap For Our Carers: what time is the NHS applause tonight?". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 24 April 2020.

[54] "London Eye given eviction notice". BBC News. 20 May 2005. Retrieved 7 January 2010.

[55] "Mayor's 'prat' jibe over Eye row". BBC News. 25 May 2005. Retrieved 7 January 2010.

[BBC_2006-56] "London Eye gets new 25-year lease". BBC News. 8 February 2006. Retrieved 10 October 2018.

[57] Marriner, Cosima (11 November 2005). "BA sells stake in London Eye to Tussauds for £95m". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 January 2010.

[58] Marks Barfield Architects (2007). Eye: The story behind the London Eye. London: Black Dog Publishing.

[59] How to get here Archived 13 May 2014 at the Wayback Machine

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@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 {{Use British English|date=January 2019}}
 {{Infobox building
-| name                                             = London Eye
+| name             = London Eye
-| alternate_names                                  = Millennium Wheel
+| alternate_names  = Millennium Wheel
-| status                                           = Operating
+| status           = Operating
-| image                                            = London-Eye-2009.JPG
+| image            = London Eye, July 2024.jpg
-| caption                                          =
+| alt              = London Eye seen from the east across Thames River in July 2024
-| location                                         = [[London Borough of Lambeth|Lambeth, London]]
+| location         = [[London Borough of Lambeth|Lambeth, London]]
-| address                                          = Riverside Building, County Hall, Westminster Bridge Road
+| address          = Riverside Building, County Hall, Westminster Bridge Road
-| coordinates                                      = {{coord|51.5033|N|0.1194|W|display=inline,title|region:GB_type:landmark}}
+| coordinates      = {{coord|51.5033|N|0.1194|W|display=inline,title|region:GB_type:landmark}}
-| start_date                                       =
+| start_date       =
-| completion_date                                  = March 2000<ref name="marksstudy" />
+| completion_date  = March 2000<ref name="marksstudy" />
-| opened_date                                      =
+| opened_date      = {{unbulleted list
+|31 December 1999 (ceremonial, without passengers)<!-- Infobox Reference 1 --><ref name=cnnbirthday>{{cite news |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/UK/03/08/millennium.wheel/ |title=London's big wheel birthday |date=8 March 2001 |publisher=CNN}}</ref>
-{{unbulleted list
-|31 December 1999 (ceremonial, without passengers) <!-- Infobox Reference 1 --><ref name = cnnbirthday>{{cite news |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/UK/03/08/millennium.wheel/ |title=London's big wheel birthday |date=8 March 2001 |publisher=CNN}}</ref>
+|1 February 2000 (first passengers carried)<!-- Infobox Reference 2 --><ref>{{Cite web |last=Wells |first=Matt |date=2 February 2020 |title=London Eye begins its millennium revolution |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2000/feb/02/millennium.uk |access-date=30 July 2020 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref>
+| 9 March 2000 (opened to general public)<ref name=cnnbirthday />
-|1 February 2000 (first passengers carried) <!-- Infobox Reference 2 --><ref>{{Cite web |last=Wells |first=Matt |date=2 February 2020 |title=London Eye begins its millennium revolution |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2000/feb/02/millennium.uk |access-date=30 July 2020 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref>
-| 9 March 2000 (opened to general public)<ref name = cnnbirthday/>
 }}
-| architect                                        =
+| architect        = {{unbulleted list
-{{unbulleted list
 |Frank Anatole
 |Joanna Bailey
@@ Line 29: / Line 27: @@
 |Malcolm Cook
 |[[David Marks (architect)|David Marks]]
-|Mark Sparrowhawk <!-- Infobox Reference 3 --><ref name = ukattractions>{{cite web |url=http://www.ukattractions.com/the-london-eye/ |title=The London Eye |publisher=UK Attractions.com |date=31 December 1999 |access-date=7 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100116225709/http://www.ukattractions.com/the-london-eye/ |archive-date=16 January 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <!-- Infobox Reference 4 --><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 February 2015 |title=The London Eye |url=https://www.architectmagazine.com/project-gallery/london-eye-6633 |access-date=30 July 2020 |website=Architect Magazine}}</ref>}}
+|Mark Sparrowhawk<!-- Infobox Reference 3 --><ref name=ukattractions>{{cite web |url=http://www.ukattractions.com/the-london-eye/ |title=The London Eye |publisher=UK Attractions.com |date=31 December 1999 |access-date=7 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100116225709/http://www.ukattractions.com/the-london-eye/ |archive-date=16 January 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref><!-- Infobox Reference 4 --><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 February 2015 |title=The London Eye |url=https://www.architectmagazine.com/project-gallery/london-eye-6633 |access-date=30 July 2020 |website=Architect Magazine}}</ref>}}
-| owner                                            = [[Merlin Entertainments]] <!-- Infobox Reference 5 --><ref>{{Cite web |title=Midway Attractions |url=https://www.merlinentertainments.biz/our-brands/midway-attractions/ |access-date=30 July 2020 |website=[[Merlin Entertainments]]}}</ref>
+| owner            = [[Merlin Entertainments]]<!-- Infobox Reference 5 --><ref>{{Cite web |title=Midway Attractions |url=https://www.merlinentertainments.biz/our-brands/midway-attractions/ |access-date=30 July 2020 |publisher=[[Merlin Entertainments]]}}</ref>
-| cost                                             = £70&nbsp;million <!-- Infobox Reference 6 --><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/2717120/London-Eye-is-turning-at-a-loss.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/2717120/London-Eye-is-turning-at-a-loss.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |work=The Daily Telegraph |first=Damian |last=Reece |title=London Eye is turning at a loss |date=6 May 2001}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
+| cost             = £70&nbsp;million<!-- Infobox Reference 6 --><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/2717120/London-Eye-is-turning-at-a-loss.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/2717120/London-Eye-is-turning-at-a-loss.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |work=The Daily Telegraph |first=Damian |last=Reece |title=London Eye is turning at a loss |date=6 May 2001}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
+| public_transit   = {{rint|london|underground}} {{rint|gb|rail}} [[London Waterloo station|Waterloo]]<br/>{{rint|london|underground}} [[Westminster tube station|Westminster]]
-| website                                          = {{URL|londoneye.com}}
+| website          = {{URL|londoneye.com}}
-| building_type                                    = [[Observation wheel]]
+| building_type    = [[Observation wheel]]
-| height                                           = {{Convert|135|m|ft|0}} <!-- Infobox Reference 7 --><ref name=structurae>{{cite web |url=http://en.structurae.de/structures/data/index.cfm?id=s0002407 |title=Structurae London Eye Millennium Wheel |year=2011 |work=web page |publisher=Nicolas Janberg ICS |access-date=5 December 2011}}</ref>
-| architecture_firm                                = [[Marks Barfield]] <!-- Infobox Reference 8 --><ref name=marksbarfield>{{cite web |url=http://www.londoneye.com/AboutUs/Default.aspx |title=About the London Eye |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120711030151/http://www.londoneye.com/AboutUs/Default.aspx |archive-date=11 July 2012}}</ref> <!-- Infobox Reference 9 --><ref name="marksstudy">{{Cite web |title=London Eye |url=https://marksbarfield.com/projects/london-eye/ |access-date=30 July 2020 |website=Marks Barfield}}</ref>
+| height           = {{Convert|135|m|ft|0}}<!-- Infobox Reference 7 --><ref name=structurae>{{cite web |url=http://en.structurae.de/structures/data/index.cfm?id=s0002407 |title=Structurae London Eye Millennium Wheel |year=2011 |work=web page |publisher=Nicolas Janberg ICS |access-date=5 December 2011}}</ref>
+| architecture_firm = [[Marks Barfield]]<!-- Infobox Reference 8 --><ref name=marksbarfield>{{cite web |url=http://www.londoneye.com/AboutUs/Default.aspx |title=About the London Eye |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120711030151/http://www.londoneye.com/AboutUs/Default.aspx |archive-date=11 July 2012}}</ref> <!-- Infobox Reference 9 --><ref name="marksstudy">{{Cite web |title=London Eye |url=https://marksbarfield.com/projects/london-eye/ |access-date=30 July 2020 |website=Marks Barfield}}</ref>
-| diameter                                         = {{Convert|120|m|ft|0}}<ref name=structurae/>
+| diameter         = {{Convert|120|m|ft|0}}<ref name=structurae/>
-| structural_engineer                              = [[Arup Group|Arup]] <!-- Infobox Reference 10 --><ref>{{cite web |url=http://thoughts.arup.com/post/details/307/how-big-can-ferris-wheels-get |title=How big can Ferris wheels get? |work=Thoughts.arup.com |date=23 September 2013 |access-date=21 May 2014}}</ref>
+| structural_engineer = [[Arup Group|Arup]]<!-- Infobox Reference 10 --><ref>{{cite web |url=http://thoughts.arup.com/post/details/307/how-big-can-ferris-wheels-get |title=How big can Ferris wheels get? |work=Thoughts.arup.com |date=23 September 2013 |access-date=21 May 2014}}</ref>
-| other_designers                                  = {{unbulleted list
+| other_designers  = {{unbulleted list
-|[[Babtie, Shaw and Morton|Babtie Allott & Lomax]] (checking engineer) <!-- Infobox Reference 11 --><ref>{{cite news |title=ISE rewards the biggest and best |date=1 March 2001 |first=David |last=Taylor |journal=The Architects' Journal |url=https://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/home/ise-rewards-the-biggest-and-best/179716.article}}</ref>
+|[[Babtie, Shaw and Morton|Babtie Allott & Lomax]] (checking engineer)<!-- Infobox Reference 11 --><ref>{{cite news |title=ISE rewards the biggest and best |date=1 March 2001 |first=David |last=Taylor |journal=The Architects' Journal |url=https://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/home/ise-rewards-the-biggest-and-best/179716.article}}</ref>
-|Tony Gee (foundations) <!-- Infobox Reference 12 --><ref>{{cite web |title=London Eye, UK |url=http://tonygee.com/london-eye/}}</ref>}}
+|Tony Gee (foundations)<!-- Infobox Reference 12 --><ref>{{cite web |title=London Eye, UK |url=http://tonygee.com/london-eye/}}</ref>}}
-| awards                                           = [[Institution of Structural Engineers]] Special Award 2001 <!-- Infobox Reference 13 --> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Winners and Commendations |url=https://www.istructe.org/IStructE/media/Public/TSE-Archive/2017/1b80f4e4-bc4e-494b-aa3d-b8d6a13ace2b.pdf |access-date=30 July 2020 |website=[[Institution of Structural Engineers]]}}</ref>
+| awards           = [[Institution of Structural Engineers]] Special Award 2001<!-- Infobox Reference 13 --><ref>{{Cite web |title=Winners and Commendations |url=https://www.istructe.org/IStructE/media/Public/TSE-Archive/2017/1b80f4e4-bc4e-494b-aa3d-b8d6a13ace2b.pdf |access-date=30 July 2020 |publisher=[[Institution of Structural Engineers]]}}</ref>
 }}
-The '''London Eye''', or the '''Millennium Wheel''', is a [[cantilevered]] [[observation wheel]] on the [[South Bank]] of the [[River Thames]] in London. It is Europe's tallest cantilevered observation wheel,<ref>[http://www.londoneye.com/NewsAndEvents/News/CommemorativeStamps/Default.aspx Royal Mail Celebrates 10 Years of the London Eye] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203005440/http://www.londoneye.com/NewsAndEvents/News/CommemorativeStamps/Default.aspx |date=3 December 2013 }}</ref> and is the most popular paid [[Tourist attractions in the United Kingdom|tourist attraction in the United Kingdom]] with over 3&nbsp;million visitors annually.<ref name=history>{{cite news |title=The London Eye a complete visitor guide |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/uk/london/10801520/London-Eye-complete-visitor-guide.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140501234411/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/uk/london/10801520/London-Eye-complete-visitor-guide.html |archive-date=2014-05-01 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |work=The Daily Telegraph |access-date=1 May 2014}}</ref> It has made many appearances in popular culture.
+The '''London Eye''', or the '''Millennium Wheel''', is a [[cantilevered]] [[observation wheel]] on the [[South Bank]] of the [[River Thames]] in London. It is Europe's tallest cantilevered observation wheel,<ref>[http://www.londoneye.com/NewsAndEvents/News/CommemorativeStamps/Default.aspx Royal Mail Celebrates 10 Years of the London Eye] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203005440/http://www.londoneye.com/NewsAndEvents/News/CommemorativeStamps/Default.aspx |date=3 December 2013}}</ref> and the most popular paid [[Tourist attractions in the United Kingdom|tourist attraction in the United Kingdom]] with over three million visitors annually.<ref name=history>{{cite news |title=The London Eye a complete visitor guide |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/uk/london/10801520/London-Eye-complete-visitor-guide.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140501234411/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/uk/london/10801520/London-Eye-complete-visitor-guide.html |archive-date=2014-05-01 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |work=The Daily Telegraph |access-date=1 May 2014}}</ref> It has been featured numerous times in popular culture.
-The structure is {{Convert|135|m|ft|0}} tall and the wheel has a diameter of {{Convert|120|m|ft|0}}. When it opened to the public in 2000 it was the [[world's tallest Ferris wheel]]. Its height was surpassed by the {{Convert|160|m|ft|0}} [[Star of Nanchang]] in 2006, the {{Convert|165|m|ft|0}} [[Singapore Flyer]] in 2008, and the {{Convert|167|m|ft|0}} [[High Roller (Ferris wheel)|High Roller]] ([[Las Vegas strip|Las Vegas]]) in 2014. Supported by an [[A-frame]] on one side only, unlike the taller Nanchang and Singapore wheels, the Eye is described by its operators as "the world's tallest [[cantilever]]ed observation wheel".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.londoneye.com/AboutUs/MerlinEntertainmentGroup/Default.aspx |title=Merlin Entertainments Group |access-date=8 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329084502/https://www.londoneye.com/AboutUs/MerlinEntertainmentGroup/Default.aspx |archive-date=29 March 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
+The structure is {{Convert|135|m|ft|0}} tall and the wheel has a diameter of {{Convert|120|m|ft|0}}. When it opened to the public in 2000 it was the [[world's tallest Ferris wheel]]. Its height was surpassed by the {{Convert|160|m|ft|0}} [[Star of Nanchang]] in 2006, the {{Convert|165|m|ft|0}} [[Singapore Flyer]] in 2008, the {{Convert|167|m|ft|0}} [[High Roller (Ferris wheel)|High Roller]] ([[Las Vegas Strip|Las Vegas]]) in 2014, and the {{Convert|250|m|ft|0}} [[Ain Dubai]] in 2021. Supported by an [[A-frame]] on one side only, unlike these taller examples, the Eye is described by its operators as "the world's tallest [[cantilever]]ed observation wheel".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.londoneye.com/AboutUs/MerlinEntertainmentGroup/Default.aspx |title=Merlin Entertainments Group |access-date=8 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329084502/https://www.londoneye.com/AboutUs/MerlinEntertainmentGroup/Default.aspx |archive-date=29 March 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The Eye offered the highest public viewing point in London until it was superseded by the {{Convert|245|m|ft|0|adj=mid|-high}} [[observation deck]] on the 72nd floor of [[The Shard]] in early 2013.<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/up-you-come-the-views-amazing-first-look-from-the-shards-public-gallery-8227858.html "Up you come, the view's amazing... first look from the Shard's public gallery"]. ''London Evening Standard''. Retrieved 31 December 2014</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.constructionnews.co.uk/buildings/sectors/shard-observation-deck-to-be-europes-highest-20-05-2009/ |title=Shard observation deck to be Europe's highest |date=20 May 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Shard rakes in £5million from visitors to viewing platform in first year |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/shard-rakes-in-5million-from-visitors-to-viewing-platform-in-first-year-9206970.html |work=London Evening Standard |date=21 March 2014}}</ref>
+The London Eye adjoins the western end of [[Jubilee Gardens, Lambeth|Jubilee Gardens]] (previously the site of the former [[Dome of Discovery]]), on the South Bank of the River Thames between [[Westminster Bridge]] and [[Hungerford Bridge]] beside [[County Hall, London|County Hall]], in the [[London Borough of Lambeth]]. The nearest [[London Underground|tube]] station is [[Waterloo tube station|Waterloo]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.londoneye.com/plan-your-visit/before-you-visit/directions/#:~:text=Waterloo%20is%20the%20closest%20tube,side%20of%20the%20River%20Thames. |title=Location and Directions |work=londoneye.com |access-date=22 August 2022}}</ref>
-The London Eye used to offer the highest public viewing point in London<ref>[https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/up-you-come-the-views-amazing-first-look-from-the-shards-public-gallery-8227858.html "Up you come, the view's amazing... first look from the Shard's public gallery"]. ''London Evening Standard''. Retrieved 31 December 2014</ref> until it was superseded by the {{Convert|245|m|ft|0|adj=mid|-high}}<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.constructionnews.co.uk/buildings/sectors/shard-observation-deck-to-be-europes-highest-20-05-2009/| title = Shard observation deck to be Europe's highest}}</ref> [[observation deck]] on the 72nd floor of [[The Shard]], which opened to the public on 1 February 2013.<ref>{{cite news |title=Shard rakes in £5million from visitors to viewing platform in first year |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/shard-rakes-in-5million-from-visitors-to-viewing-platform-in-first-year-9206970.html |work=London Evening Standard |date=21 March 2014}}</ref>
-The London Eye adjoins the western end of [[Jubilee Gardens, Lambeth|Jubilee Gardens]] (previously the site of the former [[Dome of Discovery]]), on the South Bank of the River Thames between [[Westminster Bridge]] and [[Hungerford Bridge]] beside [[County Hall, London|County Hall]], in the [[London Borough of Lambeth]]. The nearest tube station is [[Westminster tube station|Westminster]], {{Convert|420|m|ft|0}} away.<ref>{{Cite web|date=4 December 2020|title=London Eye|url=https://postalcodefinder.co.uk/Postcode-London-Eye-London-UK/PostcodeHistoryId=931287}}</ref>
 ==History==
 ===Design and construction===
-[[File:Ojo de Londres, Londres, Inglaterra, 2014-08-07, DD 028.JPG|thumb|250px|Supported by an [[A-frame]] on one side only, the Eye is described by its operators as a [[cantilever]]ed observation wheel]]
+[[File:Ojo de Londres, Londres, Inglaterra, 2014-08-07, DD 028.JPG|thumb|250px|Supported by an [[A-frame]] on one side only, the Eye is described by its operators as a [[cantilever]]ed observation wheel.]]
 The London Eye was designed by the husband-and-wife team of [[Julia Barfield]] and [[David Marks (architect)|David Marks]] of [[Marks Barfield Architects]].<ref>{{cite book |title=The London Encyclopaedia |last=Hibbert |first=Christopher |publisher=Pan MacMillan |year=2011 |isbn=9780230738782 |location=London |edition=3rd}}</ref><ref name=G2>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2007/aug/30/uk.london |title=London Eye, love at first sight |work=The Guardian |date=31 August 2007 |access-date=7 January 2010 |first=Steve |last=Rose}}</ref>
@@ Line 72: / Line 69: @@
 The London Eye was originally intended as a temporary attraction, with a five-year lease. In December 2001, operators submitted an application to [[Lambeth London Borough Council|Lambeth Council]] to give the London Eye permanent status, and the application was granted in July 2002.<ref name='Londonist 2017'>{{cite news |url=https://londonist.com/london/history/london-eye-trivia |publisher=[[Londonist]] |title=11 Fun Facts About The London Eye |last=Craig |first=Zoe |date=17 January 2017 |access-date=10 October 2018}}</ref><ref name='BBC 2001'>{{cite news |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/1701602.stm |title=London Eye aims to go permanent |date=10 December 2001 |access-date=10 October 2018}}</ref><ref name='BBC 2002'>{{cite news |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/2132042.stm |title=London Eye 'to stay' |date=16 July 2002 |access-date=10 October 2018}}</ref>
-On 5 June 2008 it was announced that 30&nbsp;million people had ridden the London Eye since it opened.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.londoneye.com/NewsAndEvents/News/30million/Default.aspx |title=All Eyes on Eighth Wonder: The London Eye greets 30&nbsp;millionth visitor and joins Stonehenge and the Taj Mahal as a world wonder |date=June 2008 |work=londoneye.com |publisher=EDF Energy London Eye |access-date=13 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107023725/http://www.londoneye.com/NewsAndEvents/News/30million/Default.aspx |archive-date=7 January 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
+On 5 June 2008, it was announced that 30&nbsp;million people had ridden the London Eye since it opened.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.londoneye.com/NewsAndEvents/News/30million/Default.aspx |title=All Eyes on Eighth Wonder: The London Eye greets 30&nbsp;millionth visitor and joins Stonehenge and the Taj Mahal as a world wonder |date=June 2008 |work=londoneye.com |publisher=EDF Energy London Eye |access-date=13 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107023725/http://www.londoneye.com/NewsAndEvents/News/30million/Default.aspx |archive-date=7 January 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
 ==Passenger capsules==
+{{Multiple image
-{{Multiple image|image1=Eye Pod 1.jpg|image2=InsidetheLondonEye.JPG|width2=112|footer=Each of the 32 ovoidal capsules weighs 10&nbsp;tonnes and can carry 25 people}}
+| image1            = Eye Pod 1.jpg
+| image2            = InsidetheLondonEye.JPG
+| width2            = 112
+| footer            = Each of the 32 ovoidal capsules weighs 10&nbsp;tonnes and can carry 25 people.
+}}
-The wheel's 32 sealed and air-conditioned [[Oval|ovoidal]] passenger capsules, designed<ref>Ashby, Charles. (15 November 2011) [https://web.archive.org/web/20120604094522/http://www.gjsentinel.com/news/articles/highflying_deal_for_leitnerpom/ High-flying deal for Leitner-Poma]. Gjsentinel.com. Retrieved 6 February 2012.</ref> and supplied<ref>[http://www.denverpost.com/business/ci_19345081 Colorado's Leitner-Poma to build cabins for huge observation wheel in Las Vegas]. ''The Denver Post''. Retrieved 6 February 2012.</ref> by [[Poma]], are attached to the external circumference of the wheel and rotated by electric motors. The capsules are numbered from 1 to 33, excluding number 13 for [[triskaidekaphobia|superstitious reasons]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/united-kingdom/england/london/central/south-bank/articles/The-London-Eye-in-numbers/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/united-kingdom/england/london/central/south-bank/articles/The-London-Eye-in-numbers/ |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=The London Eye in numbers |date=9 March 2015 |work=The Daily Telegraph}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Each of the {{Convert|10|t|ST|adj=on}}<ref name=facts>{{cite web |title=Interesting things you never knew about the London Eye |publisher=London Eye |url=http://www.londoneye.com/AboutUs/InterestingFacts/Default.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140730103704/http://www.londoneye.com/AboutUs/InterestingFacts/Default.aspx |archive-date=30 July 2014 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> capsules represents one of the [[London Boroughs]],<ref name=making/> and holds up to 25 people,<ref name=tribune>{{cite news |last=Hester |first=Elliott |title=London's Eye in the sky not just a Ferris wheel |work=Chicago Tribune |date=23 September 2007 |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/chi-londoneye_rc_pmsep23,0,5156873.story |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101126162539/http://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/chi-londoneye_rc_pmsep23,0,5156873.story |archive-date=26 November 2010 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> who are free to walk around inside the capsule, though seating is provided. The wheel rotates at {{Convert|26|cm|in|abbr=on|0}} per second (about 0.9&nbsp;km/h or 0.6&nbsp;mph) so that one revolution takes about 30&nbsp;minutes. It does not usually stop to take on passengers; the rotation rate is slow enough to allow passengers to walk on and off the moving capsules at ground level.<ref name=facts/> It is, however, stopped to allow disabled or elderly passengers time to embark and disembark safely.<ref name=disabled>{{cite web |title=Disabled Guests |publisher=London Eye |url=http://www.londoneye.com/VisitorInformation/DisabledGuests/default/Default.aspx |access-date=15 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329102331/http://www.londoneye.com/VisitorInformation/DisabledGuests/default/Default.aspx |archive-date=29 March 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
+The wheel's 32 sealed and air-conditioned [[Oval|ovoidal]] passenger capsules, designed<ref>Ashby, Charles. (15 November 2011) [https://web.archive.org/web/20120604094522/http://www.gjsentinel.com/news/articles/highflying_deal_for_leitnerpom/ High-flying deal for Leitner-Poma]. Gjsentinel.com. Retrieved 6 February 2012.</ref> and supplied<ref>[http://www.denverpost.com/business/ci_19345081 Colorado's Leitner-Poma to build cabins for huge observation wheel in Las Vegas]. ''The Denver Post''. Retrieved 6 February 2012.</ref> by [[Poma]], are attached to the external circumference of the wheel and rotated by electric motors. The capsules are numbered from 1 to 33, excluding number 13 for [[triskaidekaphobia|superstitious reasons]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/united-kingdom/england/london/central/south-bank/articles/The-London-Eye-in-numbers/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/united-kingdom/england/london/central/south-bank/articles/The-London-Eye-in-numbers/ |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=The London Eye in numbers |date=9 March 2015 |work=The Daily Telegraph}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Each of the {{Convert|10|t|ST|adj=on}}<ref name=facts>{{cite web |title=Interesting things you never knew about the London Eye |publisher=London Eye |url=http://www.londoneye.com/AboutUs/InterestingFacts/Default.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140730103704/http://www.londoneye.com/AboutUs/InterestingFacts/Default.aspx |archive-date=30 July 2014 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> capsules represents one of the [[London Boroughs]],<ref name=making/> and holds up to 25 people,<ref name=tribune>{{cite news |last=Hester |first=Elliott |title=London's Eye in the sky not just a Ferris wheel |work=Chicago Tribune |date=23 September 2007 |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/chi-londoneye_rc_pmsep23,0,5156873.story |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101126162539/http://www.chicagotribune.com/travel/chi-londoneye_rc_pmsep23,0,5156873.story |archive-date=26 November 2010 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> who are free to walk around inside the capsule, though seating is provided. The wheel rotates at {{Convert|26|cm|in|abbr=on|0}} per second (about 0.9&nbsp;km/h or 0.6&nbsp;mph) so that one revolution takes about 30&nbsp;minutes, giving a theoretical capacity of 1,600 passengers per hour. It does not usually stop to take on passengers; the rotation rate is slow enough to allow passengers to walk on and off the moving capsules at ground level.<ref name=facts/> It is stopped to allow disabled or elderly passengers time to embark and disembark safely.<ref name=disabled>{{cite web |title=Disabled Guests |publisher=London Eye |url=http://www.londoneye.com/VisitorInformation/DisabledGuests/default/Default.aspx |access-date=15 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329102331/http://www.londoneye.com/VisitorInformation/DisabledGuests/default/Default.aspx |archive-date=29 March 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
-In 2009 the first stage of a £12.5&nbsp;million capsule upgrade began. Each capsule was taken down and floated down the river to Tilbury Docks in Essex.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/london-eye-capsule-taken-away-as-refit-starts-1720327.html |title=London Eye capsule taken away as refit starts |work=The Independent |first=Peter |last=Woodman |date=26 June 2009 |access-date=13 March 2020}}</ref>
+In 2009, the first stage of a £12.5&nbsp;million capsule upgrade began. Each capsule was taken down and floated down the river to Tilbury Docks in Essex.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/london-eye-capsule-taken-away-as-refit-starts-1720327.html |title=London Eye capsule taken away as refit starts |work=The Independent |first=Peter |last=Woodman |date=26 June 2009 |access-date=13 March 2020}}</ref>
-On 2 June 2013 a passenger capsule was named the Coronation Capsule to mark the sixtieth anniversary of the [[coronation of Queen Elizabeth II]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.london-se1.co.uk/news/view/6867 |title=Queen lookalike unveils Coronation Capsule at London Eye |publisher=london-se1.co.uk |date=2 June 2013 |access-date=8 June 2013}}</ref>
+On 2 June 2013, a passenger capsule was named the Coronation Capsule to mark the 60th anniversary of the [[coronation of Queen Elizabeth II]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.london-se1.co.uk/news/view/6867 |title=Queen lookalike unveils Coronation Capsule at London Eye |publisher=london-se1.co.uk |date=2 June 2013 |access-date=8 June 2013}}</ref>
 In March 2020, the London Eye celebrated its 20th birthday by turning several of its pods into experiences themed around London. The experiences included a pub in a capsule, a west end theatre pod and a garden party with flower arrangements to represent the eight London [[The Royal Parks|Royal parks]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.itv.com/news/london/2020-03-06/london-eye-transformed-to-celebrate-20-years/ |title=London Eye transformed to celebrate 20 years |website=ITV News |date=6 March 2020 |access-date=24 April 2020}}</ref>
@@ Line 90: / Line 92: @@
 [[Marks Barfield]] (the lead architects), The Tussauds Group, and [[British Airways]] were the original owners of the London Eye.<ref name=":0">{{cite news |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2007/mar/06/business/fi-wax6 |title=Blackstone to buy Tussauds' parent |agency=Reuters |date=6 March 2007 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |issn=0458-3035 |access-date=16 January 2017}}</ref> Tussauds bought out British Airways' stake in 2005<ref name=":0" /> and then Marks Barfield's stake in 2006<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2006/mar/27/architecture.communities |title=Towering ambition |last=Rose |first=Steve |date=27 March 2006 |newspaper=The Guardian |issn=0261-3077 |access-date=16 January 2017}}</ref> to become sole owner.
-In May 2007, the [[Blackstone Group]] purchased The Tussauds Group which was then the owner of the Eye; Tussauds was merged with Blackstone's [[Merlin Entertainments]] and disappeared as an entity.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/markets/2812377/Merlin-conjures-up-leaseback-deal.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/markets/2812377/Merlin-conjures-up-leaseback-deal.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Merlin conjures up leaseback deal |date=17 July 2007 |work=The Daily Telegraph}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/03/05/AR2007030501369.html |title=Blackstone Buys Madame Tussauds Chain |first=David |last=Cho |date=6 March 2007 |work=The Washington Post}}</ref> British Airways continued its brand association, but from the beginning of 2008 the name British Airways was dropped from the logo.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london-eye-to-get-another-new-name-6553003.html |title=London Eye to get (another) new name |date=7 January 2011 |newspaper=London Evening Standard |access-date=16 January 2017}}</ref>
+In May 2007, the [[Blackstone Group]] purchased The Tussauds Group which was then the owner of the Eye; Tussauds was merged with Blackstone's [[Merlin Entertainments]] and disappeared as an entity.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/markets/2812377/Merlin-conjures-up-leaseback-deal.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/markets/2812377/Merlin-conjures-up-leaseback-deal.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Merlin conjures up leaseback deal |date=17 July 2007 |work=The Daily Telegraph}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/03/05/AR2007030501369.html |title=Blackstone Buys Madame Tussauds Chain |first=David |last=Cho |date=6 March 2007 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref> British Airways continued its brand association, but from the beginning of 2008 the name British Airways was dropped from the logo.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london-eye-to-get-another-new-name-6553003.html |title=London Eye to get (another) new name |date=7 January 2011 |newspaper=London Evening Standard |access-date=16 January 2017}}</ref>
-On 12 August 2009, the London Eye saw another rebrand, this time being called "The Merlin Entertainments London Eye" to showcase Merlin Entertainments' ownership. A new logo was designed for the attraction—this time taking the form of an eye made out of London's famous landmarks. This coincided with the launch of Merlin Entertainments 4D Experience preflight show underneath the ticket centre in County Hall. The refurbished ticket hall and 4D cinema experience were designed by architect Kay Elliott working with Merlin Studios project designer Craig Sciba. Merlin Studios later appointed Simex-Iwerks as the 4D theatre hardware specialists. The film was written and directed by 3D director Julian Napier and 3D produced by Phil Streather.<ref name="4D Experience">{{cite web |title=A new eye on London |publisher=London Eye |url=http://www.londoneye.com/NewsAndEvents/News/New_Eye_London/default.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090817013811/http://www.londoneye.com/NewsAndEvents/News/New_Eye_London/default.aspx |archive-date=17 August 2009 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
+On 12 August 2009, the London Eye saw another rebrand, this time being called "The Merlin Entertainments London Eye". A refurbished ticket hall and 4D cinema experience were designed by architect Kay Elliott working with project designer Craig Sciba, and Simex-Iwerks as the 4D theatre hardware specialists. The film was written and directed by Julian Napier and produced by Phil Streather.<ref name="4D Experience">{{cite web |title=A new eye on London |publisher=London Eye |url=http://www.londoneye.com/NewsAndEvents/News/New_Eye_London/default.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090817013811/http://www.londoneye.com/NewsAndEvents/News/New_Eye_London/default.aspx |archive-date=17 August 2009 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
-In January 2011, a lighting-up ceremony marked the start of a three-year deal between [[EDF Energy]] and Merlin Entertainments.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.attractions.co.uk/detail1.cfm?pagetype=detail&subject=news&codeID=235003&site=AM&dom=N |title=EDF Energy naming rights |publisher=Attractions Management |access-date=8 January 2011}}</ref> On 1 August 2014 the logo was reverted to the previous "The Merlin Entertainments London Eye" version, with the name becoming simply "The London Eye".{{Citation needed|date=August 2014}}
+In January 2011, a lighting-up ceremony marked the start of a three-year deal between [[EDF Energy]] and Merlin Entertainments.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.attractions.co.uk/detail1.cfm?pagetype=detail&subject=news&codeID=235003&site=AM&dom=N |title=EDF Energy naming rights |publisher=Attractions Management |access-date=8 January 2011}}</ref>
 [[Coca-Cola]] began to sponsor the London Eye from January 2015. On the day the sponsorship was announced the London Eye was lit in red.<ref>{{cite news |date=16 September 2014 |title=Coca-Cola to sponsor London Eye |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/sep/16/coca-cola-sponsor-london-eye |work=The Guardian |access-date=22 October 2014}}</ref>
-In February 2020, [[lastminute.com]] replaced Coca-Cola as the sponsor.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.timeout.com/london/news/the-london-eye-is-turning-pink-in-2020-at-night-anyway-111419 |title=The London Eye is turning pink in 2020 (at night, anyway) |website=Time Out London |access-date=24 April 2020}}</ref> Grammy Award-winning singer [[Meghan Trainor]] performed at the launch party on a boat on the Thames overlooking the London Eye.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://travolution.com/articles/114267/video-lastminutecom-paints-london-town-pink-once-again-with-london-eye-sponsorship |title=Video: Lastminute.com paints London town pink once again with London Eye sponsorship |last=Hayhurst |first=Lee |date=20 February 2020 |website=Travolution.com |access-date=24 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.travelweekly.co.uk/articles/349718/london-eye-will-be-in-the-pink-with-lastminutecom |title=London Eye will be in the pink with Lastminute.com |date=14 November 2019 |website=[[Travel Weekly|Travel Weekly (UK)]] |access-date=19 November 2019}}</ref>
+In February 2020, [[lastminute.com]] replaced Coca-Cola as the sponsor.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.timeout.com/london/news/the-london-eye-is-turning-pink-in-2020-at-night-anyway-111419 |title=The London Eye is turning pink in 2020 (at night, anyway) |website=Time Out London |date=14 November 2019 |access-date=24 April 2020}}</ref> Grammy Award-winning singer [[Meghan Trainor]] performed at the launch party on a boat overlooking the London Eye.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://travolution.com/articles/114267/video-lastminutecom-paints-london-town-pink-once-again-with-london-eye-sponsorship |title=Video: Lastminute.com paints London town pink once again with London Eye sponsorship |last=Hayhurst |first=Lee |date=20 February 2020 |website=Travolution.com |access-date=24 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.travelweekly.co.uk/articles/349718/london-eye-will-be-in-the-pink-with-lastminutecom |title=London Eye will be in the pink with Lastminute.com |date=14 November 2019 |website=Travel Weekly (UK) |access-date=19 November 2019}}</ref>
 In March 2020, the wheel was illuminated blue every Thursday at 8pm in support of the [[National Health Service]] as part of the ‘[[Clap for our Carers]]’ campaign created during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Penna |first=Dominic |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/0/nhs-clap-for-carers-time-tonight-thursday/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/0/nhs-clap-for-carers-time-tonight-thursday/ |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Clap For Our Carers: what time is the NHS applause tonight? |date=23 April 2020 |work=The Telegraph |access-date=24 April 2020 |issn=0307-1235}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
@@ Line 105: / Line 107: @@
 [[File:Ojo de Londres, Londres, Inglaterra, 2014-08-11, DD 203.JPG|thumb|Colourful London Eye near [[County Hall, London|County Hall]]]]
 On 20 May 2005, there were reports of a leaked letter showing that the [[South Bank Centre]] (SBC)—owners of part of the land on which the struts of the Eye are located—had served a notice to quit on the attraction along with a demand for an increase in rent from £64,000 per year to £2.5&nbsp;million, which the operators rejected as unaffordable.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/4564115.stm |work=BBC News |title=London Eye given eviction notice |date=20 May 2005 |access-date=7 January 2010}}</ref>
+[[File:British Airways London Eye Profile.jpg|thumb|left|225px|Eye of London Profile]]
+On 25 May 2005, London mayor [[Ken Livingstone]] vowed that the landmark would remain in London. He also pledged that if the dispute was not resolved he would use his powers to ask the [[London Development Agency]] to issue a [[compulsory purchase order]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/4581033.stm |work=BBC News |title=Mayor's 'prat' jibe over Eye row |date=25 May 2005 |access-date=7 January 2010}}</ref> The land in question is a small part of the [[Jubilee Gardens, Lambeth|Jubilee Gardens]], which was given to the SBC for £1 when the [[Greater London Council]] was broken up.{{cn|date=June 2024}}
-On 25 May 2005, London mayor [[Ken Livingstone]] vowed that the landmark would remain in London. He also pledged that if the dispute was not resolved he would use his powers to ask the [[London Development Agency]] to issue a [[compulsory purchase order]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/4581033.stm |work=BBC News |title=Mayor's 'prat' jibe over Eye row |date=25 May 2005 |access-date=7 January 2010}}</ref> The land in question is a small part of the [[Jubilee Gardens, Lambeth|Jubilee Gardens]], which was given to the SBC for £1 when the [[Greater London Council]] was broken up.
+The South Bank Centre and the British Airways London Eye agreed on a 25-year lease on 8 February 2006 after a judicial review over the rent dispute. The lease agreement meant that the South Bank Centre, a publicly funded charity, would receive at least £500,000 a year from the attraction, the status of which is secured for the foreseeable future.<ref name='Londonist 2017' /><ref name='BBC 2006'>{{cite news |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/4694348.stm |title=London Eye gets new 25-year lease |date=8 February 2006 |access-date=10 October 2018}}</ref>
-The South Bank Centre and the British Airways London Eye agreed on a 25-year lease on 8 February 2006 after a judicial review over the rent dispute. The lease agreement meant that the South Bank Centre, a publicly funded charity, would receive at least £500,000 a year from the attraction, the status of which is secured for the foreseeable future.<ref name='Londonist 2017' /><ref name='BBC 2006'>{{cite news |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/4694348.stm |title=London Eye gets new 25-year lease |date=8 February 2006 |access-date=10 October 2018}}</ref> Tussauds also announced the acquisition of the entire one-third interests of British Airways and Marks Barfield in the Eye as well as the outstanding debt to BA. These agreements gave Tussauds 100% ownership and resolved the debt from the Eye's construction loan from British Airways, which stood at more than £150&nbsp;million by mid-2005 and had been charging an interest rate of 25% per annum.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/ba/story/0,13772,1640224,00.html |title=BA sells stake in London Eye to Tussauds for £95m |work=The Guardian |date=11 November 2005 |access-date=7 January 2010 |first=Cosima |last=Marriner}}</ref>
+Tussauds also announced the acquisition of the entire one-third interests of British Airways and Marks Barfield in the Eye as well as the outstanding debt to BA. These agreements gave Tussauds 100% ownership and resolved the debt from the Eye's construction loan from British Airways, which stood at more than £150&nbsp;million by mid-2005 and had been charging an interest rate of 25% per annum.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/ba/story/0,13772,1640224,00.html |title=BA sells stake in London Eye to Tussauds for £95m |work=The Guardian |date=11 November 2005 |access-date=7 January 2010 |first=Cosima |last=Marriner}}</ref>
 ==Critical reception==
+[[File:London Eye and a boat going down the Thames.jpg|thumb|London Eye as a boat passes on the [[River Thames]], with [[Big Ben]] in the background]]
-[[Sir Richard Rogers]], winner of the 2007 [[Pritzker Architecture Prize]], wrote of the London Eye in a book about the project:{{blockquote|The Eye has done for London what the [[Eiffel Tower]] did for Paris, which is to give it a symbol and to let people climb above the city and look back down on it. Not just specialists or rich people, but everybody. That's the beauty of it: it is public and accessible, and it is in a great position at the heart of London.<ref>{{cite book |author=Marks Barfield Architects |year=2007 |title=Eye: The story behind the London Eye |location=London |publisher=Black Dog Publishing}}</ref>}}''Big City Review'' wrote that: {{blockquote|If you're an amateur or professional photographer, the London Eye delivers the chance to get breathtaking photos of the city of London. The ride moves so slow which enables one to have ample opportunity to shoot photos and video from all angles. When your [sic] done shooting your photos, the ride's slow speed lets you just sit back and take in the incredible views of London. From the time your carriage reaches the highest point your breath will have been take away. That is why the London Eye is worth visiting.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://bigcityreview.com/why-the-london-eye-is-worth-visiting/ |title=Why the London Eye Is Worth Visiting |last=Kay |first=Brian |date=2018-07-18 |website=BigCityReview |access-date=2019-06-06}}</ref>}}{{Wide image|London_360°_Panorama_from_the_London_Eye.jpg|2000px|align-cap=center|Panoramic skyline seen from the Eye, with [[Palace of Westminster]] and [[Big Ben]] to the left, [[Charing Cross railway station]] centre, and [[London Waterloo station|Waterloo railway station]] to the right}}
+[[Sir Richard Rogers]], winner of the 2007 [[Pritzker Architecture Prize]], wrote of the London Eye in a book about the project:{{blockquote|The Eye has done for London what the [[Eiffel Tower]] did for Paris, which is to give it a symbol and to let people climb above the city and look back down on it. Not just specialists or rich people, but everybody. That's the beauty of it: it is public and accessible, and it is in a great position at the heart of London.<ref>{{cite book |author=Marks Barfield Architects |year=2007 |title=Eye: The story behind the London Eye |location=London |publisher=Black Dog Publishing}}</ref>}}{{Wide image|London_360°_Panorama_from_the_London_Eye.jpg|2000px|align-cap=center|Panoramic skyline seen from the Eye, with [[Palace of Westminster]] and [[Big Ben]] to the left, [[Charing Cross railway station]] centre, and [[London Waterloo station|Waterloo railway station]] to the right}}
 ==Transport links==
@@ Line 118: / Line 124: @@
 Connection with [[National Rail]] services is made at [[London Waterloo station]] and [[London Waterloo East station]].
-[[London River Services]] operated by [[Thames Clippers]] and [[City Cruises]] stop at the [[London Eye Pier]].
+[[London River Services]] operated by [[Thames Clippers]] and City Cruises stop at the [[London Eye Pier]].
 ==References==

v t e London Borough of Lambeth
Districts	Brixton Clapham Clapham Park Crystal Palace Gipsy Hill Grange Mills Herne Hill Kennington Knight's Hill Lambeth Loughborough Junction Norbury Oval South Bank South Lambeth Stockwell Streatham Streatham Vale Tulse Hill Upper Norwood Vauxhall Waterloo West Dulwich West Norwood
Attractions	Ashby's Mill BFI IMAX Black Cultural Archives Brixton murals Cinema Museum County Hall Garden Museum Florence Nightingale Museum Lambeth Archives Lambeth Palace London Eye Lower Marsh Market O2 Brixton Academy The Old Vic The Oval Ovalhouse Sea Life London Aquarium South Bank South London Theatre Southbank Centre BFI Southbank Hayward Gallery National Poetry Library Purcell Room Queen Elizabeth Hall Royal Festival Hall Royal National Theatre Type Archive White Bear Theatre Young Vic
Bridges	Hungerford Bridge and Golden Jubilee Bridges Lambeth Bridge Vauxhall Bridge Waterloo Bridge Westminster Bridge
Parks and open spaces	Archbishop's Park Brockwell Park Clapham Common Jubilee Gardens Kennington Park Larkhall Park Max Roach Park Mostyn Gardens Myatt's Fields Park Norwood Park Ruskin Park Stockwell Skatepark Streatham Common Streatham Vale Park Vauxhall City Farm Vauxhall Park
Constituencies	Streatham Vauxhall Dulwich and West Norwood
Tube, rail, and riverboat stations	Brixton rail tube Clapham Common Clapham North Clapham High Street Gipsy Hill Herne Hill Lambeth North Loughborough Junction Norbury railway station Oval Stockwell Streatham Streatham Common Streatham Hill Tulse Hill Vauxhall Wandsworth Road Waterloo Waterloo East West Norwood
Other topics	Council Grade I and II* listed buildings "The Lambeth Walk" People Public art Schools
Category Commons

Authority control databases
International	VIAF WorldCat
National	Germany
Geographic	MusicBrainz place Structurae