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{{Infobox writing system
{{Infobox writing system
|name=Hanunó'o <br>(Mangyan Baybayin/Surat Mangyan)
| name = Hanunó'o <br>(Mangyan Baybayin/Surat Mangyan)
|altname={{script|Hano|ᜱᜨᜳᜨᜳᜢ}}
| altname = {{script|Hano|ᜱᜨᜳᜨᜳᜢ}}
|type=[[Abugida]]
| type = [[Abugida]]
|languages=[[Hanunó'o language|Hanunó'o]]
| languages = [[Hanunó'o language|Hanunó'o]], [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]]
|fam1=[[Proto-Sinaitic script]]
| fam1 = [[Proto-Sinaitic script]]
|footnotes=
|fam2=[[Phoenician alphabet]]
|fam3=[[Aramaic alphabet]]
| fam2 = [[Phoenician alphabet]]
| fam3 = [[Aramaic alphabet]]
|fam4=[[Brahmi script|Brāhmī]]
| fam4 = [[Brahmi script|Brāhmī]]
|fam5=[[Pallava alphabet|Pallava]]
| fam5 = [[Pallava alphabet|Pallava]]
|fam6=[[Kawi script|Kawi]]
| fam6 = [[Kawi script|Kawi]]
|fam7=[[Baybayin]]
| fam7 = [[Baybayin]]
|sisters='''In the Philippines:'''<br/>
| sisters = '''In the Philippines:'''<br/>
[[Buhid script|Buhid (Mangyan Baybayin, Surat Mangyan)]]<br/>
[[Buhid script|Buhid (Mangyan Baybayin, Surat Mangyan)]]<br/>
[[Kulitan script|Kulitan (Súlat Kapampángan)]]<br/>
[[Kulitan script|Kulitan (Súlat Kapampángan)]]<br/>
[[Tagbanwa script]]<br/>
[[Tagbanwa script]]<br/>
[[Palawano language#Writing system|Ibalnan script]]<br/>
[[Palawano language#Writing system|Ibalnan script]]<br/>
'''In other countries:'''<br/>
'''In the Indonesian Archipelago:'''<br/>
[[Balinese_script|Balinese]]<br/>
[[Balinese_script|Balinese]]<br/>
[[Batak_script|Batak]]<br/>
[[Batak_script|Batak]]<br/>
Line 24: Line 25:
[[Rencong_script|Rencong]]<br/>
[[Rencong_script|Rencong]]<br/>
[[Rejang_script|Rejang]]
[[Rejang_script|Rejang]]
|time={{circa|1300}}&ndash;present
| time = {{circa|1300}}&ndash;present
|unicode=[https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1720.pdf U+1720&ndash;U+173F]
| unicode = [https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1720.pdf U+1720&ndash;U+173F]
|iso15924=Hano
| iso15924 = Hano
|sample= Hanunoo script sample.svg
| sample = Hanunoo script sample.svg
|imagesize= 220px
| imagesize = 220px
|note=none
| note = none
}}
}}
{{Use mdy dates|date = February 2019}}
{{Use mdy dates|date = February 2019}}
Line 38: Line 39:


{{brahmic}}
{{brahmic}}
'''Hanunoo''' ({{IPA-tl|hanunuʔɔ|IPA}}), also rendered '''Hanunó'o''', is one of the scripts [[Suyat|indigenous to the Philippines]] and is used by the [[Mangyan peoples]] of southern [[Mindoro]] to write the [[Hanunó'o language]].<ref>http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/985669/protect-all-ph-writing-systems-heritage-advocates-urge-congress</ref><ref name="Postma">{{cite journal
'''Hanunoo''' ({{IPA-tl|hanunuʔɔ|IPA}}), also rendered '''Hanunó'o''', is one of the scripts [[Suyat|indigenous to the Philippines]] and is used by the [[Mangyan peoples]] of southern [[Mindoro]] to write the [[Hanunó'o language]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/985669/protect-all-ph-writing-systems-heritage-advocates-urge-congress|title=Protect all PH writing systems, heritage advocates urge Congress|date=April 27, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Postma">{{cite journal
| first=Antoon
| first=Antoon
| last=Postma
| last=Postma
Line 48: Line 49:
| pages=1–12}}</ref>
| pages=1–12}}</ref>


It is an [[abugida]] descended from the [[Brahmic scripts]], closely related to [[Baybayin|Sulat Tagalog]], and is famous for being written vertical but written upward, rather than downward as nearly all other scripts (however, it's read horizontally left to right). It is usually written on bamboo by incising characters with a knife.<ref name="Rubino">{{cite web
It is an [[abugida]] descended from the [[Brahmic scripts]], closely related to [[Baybayin|Sulat Tagalog]], and is famous for being written vertical but written upward, rather than downward as nearly all other scripts (however, it is read horizontally left to right). It is usually written on [[bamboo]] by incising characters with a knife.<ref name="Rubino">{{cite web
| last=Rubino
| last=Rubino
| first=Carl
| first=Carl
Line 65: Line 66:
| publisher=Yale University Southeast Asia Studies
| publisher=Yale University Southeast Asia Studies
| location=New Haven
| location=New Haven
| pages=320–342}}</ref> Other syllables are written by modifying each of these characters with one of two [[diacritics]] ''(kudlit)'' which change the vowel sound to /i/ or /u/.<ref name="Rubino"/> The glyph for /la/ is the same as that for /ra/ but the glyphs for /li/ and /ri/ are distinct, as are those for /lu/ and /ru/. There are also three glyphs that represent vowels which stand alone (phonetically preceded by a [[glottal stop]], transliterated as ''q'').<ref name="Daniels">{{cite book
| pages=320–342}}</ref> Other syllables are written by modifying each of these characters with one of two [[diacritics]] ''(kudlit)'' which change the vowel sound to /i/ or /u/.<ref name="Rubino"/> The glyph for /la/ is the same as that for /ra/ but /li/ and /ri/ are distinct, as are /lu/ and /ru/. There are three independent (phonetically preceded by a [[glottal stop]], transliterated as ''q'').<ref name="Daniels">{{cite book
| first=Peter
| first=Peter
| last=Daniels
| last=Daniels
Line 75: Line 76:
| pages=481–484}}
| pages=481–484}}
</ref> [[Syllable coda|Final consonants]] are not written, and so must be determined from context.<ref name="Rubino"/>
</ref> [[Syllable coda|Final consonants]] are not written, and so must be determined from context.<ref name="Rubino"/>
Dutch anthropologist [[Antoon Postma]], who went to the Philippines from the Netherlands in the 1950s, introduced the ''pamudpod'' sign ({{spaces|2}}{{Script|Hano| ᜴}} ) to indicate a syllable final consonant.<ref name="UniStdIndonesiaAndOceania"/> (The pamudpod functions as a [[virama]].) The pamudpod virama is also used in modern [[Baybayin]] (used in [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]] and others).
Dutch anthropologist [[Antoon Postma]], who went to the Philippines from the Netherlands in the 1950s, introduced the ''pamudpod'' [[virama]] ({{Script|Hano|᜴}}) to indicate a syllable final consonant.<ref name="UniStdIndonesiaAndOceania"/> The pamudpod is also used in modern [[Baybayin]].


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable nounderlines" style="border-collapse:collapse;background:#FFFFFF;font-size:large;text-align:center"
|+Vowels and diacritics
|-
|-
|{{letter|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|iso=a|ch=ᜠ}}
! colspan="6" style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small" | Hanunó'o vowels
|{{letter|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|iso=i|ch=ᜡ}}
|{{letter|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|iso=u|ch=ᜢ}}
|
|-
|-
|
!
|{{letter|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|iso=-i|ch=ᜲ}}
! colspan="3" style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small" | Initial
|{{letter|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|iso=-u|ch=ᜳ}}
! colspan="2" style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small" | Dependent
|{{letter|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|iso=-|note=pamudpod|ch=᜴}}
|-style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small"
| [[Orthographic transcription|transcription]] || a || i || u || i || u
|-
| style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small" | letter
| title="U+1720: HANUNOO LETTER A" | {{Script|Hano|ᜠ}}
| title="U+1721: HANUNOO LETTER I" | {{Script|Hano|ᜡ}}
| title="U+1722: HANUNOO LETTER U" | {{Script|Hano|ᜢ}}
| title="U+1732: HANUNOO VOWEL SIGN I" | {{Script|Hano|ᜲ}}
| title="U+1733: HANUNOO VOWEL SIGN U" | {{Script|Hano|ᜳ}}
|}
|}


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable nounderlines" style="border-collapse:collapse;background:#FFFFFF;font-size:large;text-align:center"
|+Hanunó'o syllables and final consonants
! colspan="16" style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small" | Hanunó'o syllables<ref name="UniStdIndonesiaAndOceania"/>
|-style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small"
| transcription || k || g || ng || t || d || n || p || b || m || y || r || l || w || s || h
|-
|-
| {{letter|iso=ka|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜣ}}
| style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small" | consonant + a
| {{letter|iso=ga|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜤ}}
| title="U+1723: HANUNOO LETTER KA" | {{Script|Hano|ᜣ}}
| {{letter|iso=nga|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜥ}}
| title="U+1724: HANUNOO LETTER GA" | {{Script|Hano|ᜤ}}
| {{letter|iso=ta|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜦ}}
| title="U+1725: HANUNOO LETTER NGA" | {{Script|Hano|ᜥ}}
| {{letter|iso=da|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜧ}}
| title="U+1726: HANUNOO LETTER TA" | {{Script|Hano|ᜦ}}
| {{letter|iso=na|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜨ}}
| title="U+1727: HANUNOO LETTER DA" | {{Script|Hano|ᜧ}}
| {{letter|iso=pa|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜩ}}
| title="U+1728: HANUNOO LETTER NA" | {{Script|Hano|ᜨ}}
| {{letter|iso=ba|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜪ}}
| title="U+1729: HANUNOO LETTER PA" | {{Script|Hano|ᜩ}}
| {{letter|iso=ma|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜫ}}
| title="U+172A: HANUNOO LETTER BA" | {{Script|Hano|ᜪ}}
| {{letter|iso=ya|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜬ}}
| title="U+172B: HANUNOO LETTER MA" | {{Script|Hano|ᜫ}}
| {{letter|iso=ra|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜭ}}
| title="U+172C: HANUNOO LETTER YA" | {{Script|Hano|ᜬ}}
| {{letter|iso=la|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜮ}}
| title="U+172D: HANUNOO LETTER RA" | {{Script|Hano|ᜭ}}
| {{letter|iso=wa|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜯ}}
| title="U+172E: HANUNOO LETTER LA" | {{Script|Hano|ᜮ}}
| {{letter|iso=sa|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜰ}}
| title="U+172F: HANUNOO LETTER WA" | {{Script|Hano|ᜯ}}
| {{letter|iso=ha|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜱ}}
| title="U+1730: HANUNOO LETTER SA" | {{Script|Hano|ᜰ}}
| title="U+1731: HANUNOO LETTER HA" | {{Script|Hano|ᜱ}}
|-
|-
| {{letter|iso=ki|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜣᜲ|tops=ᜣ + ᜲ}}
| style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small" | consonant + i
| {{letter|iso=gi|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜤᜲ|tops=ᜤ + ᜲ}}
| title="KI" | {{Script|Hano|ᜣᜲ}}
| {{letter|iso=ngi|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜥᜲ|tops=ᜥ + ᜲ}}
| title="GI" | {{Script|Hano|ᜤᜲ}}
| {{letter|iso=ti|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜦᜲ|tops=ᜦ + ᜲ}}
| title="NGI" | {{Script|Hano|ᜥᜲ}}
| {{letter|iso=di|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜧᜲ|tops=ᜧ + ᜲ}}
| title="TI" | {{Script|Hano|ᜦᜲ}}
| {{letter|iso=ni|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜨᜲ|tops=ᜨ + ᜲ}}
| title="DI" | {{Script|Hano|ᜧᜲ}}
| {{letter|iso=pi|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜩᜲ|tops=ᜩ + ᜲ}}
| title="NI" | {{Script|Hano|ᜨᜲ}}
| {{letter|iso=bi|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜪᜲ|tops=ᜪ + ᜲ}}
| title="PI" | {{Script|Hano|ᜩᜲ}}
| {{letter|iso=mi|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜫᜲ|tops=ᜫ + ᜲ}}
| title="BI" | {{Script|Hano|ᜪᜲ}}
| {{letter|iso=yi|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜬᜲ|tops=ᜬ + ᜲ}}
| title="MI" | {{Script|Hano|ᜫᜲ}}
| {{letter|iso=ri|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜭᜲ|tops=ᜭ + ᜲ}}
| title="YI" | {{Script|Hano|ᜬᜲ}}
| {{letter|iso=li|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜮᜲ|tops=ᜮ + ᜲ}}
| title="RI" | {{Script|Hano|ᜭᜲ}}
| {{letter|iso=wi|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜯᜲ|tops=ᜯ + ᜲ}}
| title="LI" | {{Script|Hano|ᜮᜲ}}
| {{letter|iso=si|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜰᜲ|tops=ᜰ + ᜲ}}
| title="WI" | {{Script|Hano|ᜯᜲ}}
| {{letter|iso=hi|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜱᜲ|tops=ᜱ + ᜲ}}
| title="SI" | {{Script|Hano|ᜰᜲ}}
| title="HI" | {{Script|Hano|ᜱᜲ}}
|-
|-
| {{letter|iso=ku|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜣᜳ|tops=ᜣ + ᜳ}}
| style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small" | consonant + u
| {{letter|iso=gu|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜤᜳ|tops=ᜤ + ᜳ}}
| title="KU" | {{Script|Hano|ᜣᜳ}}
| {{letter|iso=ngu|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜥᜳ|tops=ᜥ + ᜳ}}
| title="GU" | {{Script|Hano|ᜤᜳ}}
| {{letter|iso=tu|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜦᜳ|tops=ᜦ + ᜳ}}
| title="NGU" | {{Script|Hano|ᜥᜳ}}
| {{letter|iso=du|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜧᜳ|tops=ᜧ + ᜳ}}
| title="TU" | {{Script|Hano|ᜦᜳ}}
| {{letter|iso=nu|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜨᜳ|tops=ᜨ + ᜳ}}
| title="DU" | {{Script|Hano|ᜧᜳ}}
| {{letter|iso=pu|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜩᜳ|tops=ᜩ + ᜳ}}
| title="NU" | {{Script|Hano|ᜨᜳ}}
| {{letter|iso=bu|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜪᜳ|tops=ᜪ + ᜳ}}
| title="PU" | {{Script|Hano|ᜩᜳ}}
| {{letter|iso=mu|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜫᜳ|tops=ᜫ + ᜳ}}
| title="BU" | {{Script|Hano|ᜪᜳ}}
| {{letter|iso=yu|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜬᜳ|tops=ᜬ + ᜳ}}
| title="MU" | {{Script|Hano|ᜫᜳ}}
| {{letter|iso=ru|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜭᜳ|tops=ᜭ + ᜳ}}
| title="YU" | {{Script|Hano|ᜬᜳ}}
| {{letter|iso=lu|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜮᜳ|tops=ᜮ + ᜳ}}
| title="RU" | {{Script|Hano|ᜭᜳ}}
| {{letter|iso=wu|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜯᜳ|tops=ᜯ + ᜳ}}
| title="LU" | {{Script|Hano|ᜮᜳ}}
| {{letter|iso=su|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜰᜳ|tops=ᜰ + ᜳ}}
| title="WU" | {{Script|Hano|ᜯᜳ}}
| {{letter|iso=hu|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜱᜳ|tops=ᜱ + ᜳ}}
| title="SU" | {{Script|Hano|ᜰᜳ}}
|- class=letters-right
| title="HU" | {{Script|Hano|ᜱᜳ}}
| {{letter|iso=-k|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜣ᜴|tops=ᜣ + ᜴}}
|-
| {{letter|iso=-g|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜤ᜴|tops=ᜤ + ᜴}}
| style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small" | with pamudpod
| {{letter|iso=-ng|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜥ᜴|tops=ᜥ + ᜴}}
(vowel killer)
| {{letter|iso=-t|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜦ᜴|tops=ᜦ + ᜴}}
| title="-K" | {{Script|Hano|ᜣ᜴}}
| {{letter|iso=-d|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜧ᜴|tops=ᜧ + ᜴}}
| title="-G" | {{Script|Hano|ᜤ᜴}}
| {{letter|iso=-n|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜨ᜴|tops=ᜨ + ᜴}}
| title="-NG" | {{Script|Hano|ᜥ᜴}}
| {{letter|iso=-p|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜩ᜴|tops=ᜩ + ᜴}}
| title="-T" | {{Script|Hano|ᜦ᜴}}
| {{letter|iso=-b|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜪ᜴|tops=ᜪ + ᜴}}
| title="-D" | {{Script|Hano|ᜧ᜴}}
| {{letter|iso=-m|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜫ᜴|tops=ᜫ + ᜴}}
| title="-N" | {{Script|Hano|ᜨ᜴}}
| {{letter|iso=-y|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜬ᜴|tops=ᜬ + ᜴}}
| title="-P" | {{Script|Hano|ᜩ᜴}}
| {{letter|iso=-r|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜭ᜴|tops=ᜭ + ᜴}}
| title="-B" | {{Script|Hano|ᜪ᜴}}
| {{letter|iso=-l|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜮ᜴|tops=ᜮ + ᜴}}
| title="-M" | {{Script|Hano|ᜫ᜴}}
| {{letter|iso=-w|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜯ᜴|tops=ᜯ + ᜴}}
| title="-Y" | {{Script|Hano|ᜬ᜴}}
| {{letter|iso=-s|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜰ᜴|tops=ᜰ + ᜴}}
| title="-R" | {{Script|Hano|ᜭ᜴}}
| {{letter|iso=-h|s=Hano|color=black|l=hnn|ch=ᜱ᜴|tops=ᜱ + ᜴}}
| title="-L" | {{Script|Hano|ᜮ᜴}}
| title="-W" | {{Script|Hano|ᜯ᜴}}
| title="-S" | {{Script|Hano|ᜰ᜴}}
| title="-H" | {{Script|Hano|ᜱ᜴}}
|}
|}

Note: With the proper [[Help:Multilingual support#Hanunó'o|rendering support]], the Hanunó'o syllable ngu above ({{Script|Hano|ᜥᜳ}}) should resemble an italic ''V'' joined with two short, parallel diagonal lines ( \\ ).


The script makes use of single ( {{Script|Hano|᜵}} ) and double ( {{Script|Hano|᜶}} ) [[danda]] punctuation characters.<ref name="UniStdIndonesiaAndOceania">{{cite web|url=https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode13.0.0/ch17.pdf#G26723|title=Chapter 17: Indonesia and Oceania|publisher=Unicode Consortium|date=March 2020}}</ref>
The script makes use of single ( {{Script|Hano|᜵}} ) and double ( {{Script|Hano|᜶}} ) [[danda]] punctuation characters.<ref name="UniStdIndonesiaAndOceania">{{cite web|url=https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode13.0.0/ch17.pdf#G26723|title=Chapter 17: Indonesia and Oceania|publisher=Unicode Consortium|date=March 2020}}</ref>


==Direction of writing==
==Direction of writing==
[[File:Hanunoo-Mangyan Alternative Letters Ra Wu.jpg|thumb|Hanunó'o alternative letters ra and wu.]]
[[File:Hanunoo-Mangyan Alternative Letters Ra Wu.jpg|thumb|Hanunó'o alternative letters ra and wu]]
[[File:Bayi, a bamboo bow from Mindoro.jpg|thumb|A bamboo bow (''bayi'',<ref>{{cite book|author=Harold C. Conklin|title=Hanunóo-English Vocabulary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_poUAAAAIAAJ|year=1953|publisher=University of California Press|page=79|quote= ''báyi'' (1): a hunting bow, usually of bamboo; frequently extended to mean bow and arrows collectively. ''báyi'' (2): the bamboo part of a ''gitgit'' (violin) bow}}</ref> {{Script|Hano|ᜪᜬᜲ}}) from [[Oriental Mindoro]], inscribed with Hanunó'o.]]
[[File:Bayi, a bamboo bow from Mindoro.jpg|thumb|A bamboo bow (''bayi'',<ref>{{cite book|author=Harold C. Conklin|title=Hanunóo-English Vocabulary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_poUAAAAIAAJ|year=1953|publisher=University of California Press|page=79|quote= ''báyi'' (1): a hunting bow, usually of bamboo; frequently extended to mean bow and arrows collectively. ''báyi'' (2): the bamboo part of a ''gitgit'' (violin) bow}}</ref> {{Script|Hano|ᜪᜬᜲ}}) from [[Oriental Mindoro]], inscribed with Hanunó'o]]
The Hanunó'o script is conventionally written away from the body (from bottom to top) in columns which go from left to right.<ref name="Rubino"/> Within the columns, characters may have any orientation but the orientation must be consistent for all characters in a text. The characters are typically vertical with the /i/ diacritic on the left and the /u/ on the right, or horizontal with the /i/ on the top and the /u/ on the bottom.<ref name="Daniels"/> Left-handed people often write in mirror image, which reverses both the direction of writing (right to left instead of left to right) and the characters themselves.<ref name="Conklin"/>
The Hanunó'o script is conventionally written away from the body (from bottom to top) in columns which go from left to right.<ref name="Rubino"/> Within the columns, characters may have any orientation but the orientation must be consistent for all characters in a text. The characters are typically vertical with the /i/ diacritic on the left and the /u/ on the right, or horizontal with the /i/ on the top and the /u/ on the bottom.<ref name="Daniels"/> Left-handed people often write in mirror image, which reverses both the direction of writing (right to left instead of left to right) and the characters themselves.<ref name="Conklin"/>


Line 183: Line 171:


== Examples ==
== Examples ==
The Hanunó'o Peaple's poetry, [[Ambahan]], consists of seven syllable lines inscribed onto bamboo segments, nodes, musical instruments or other materials using the tip of a knife. Charcoal and other black pigments are then used to make the characters stand out. The poems represent a Mangyan's personal thoughts, feelings or desires. It is recited during social occasions (without accompaniment), in courting ceremonies or when requested.<ref>{{Cite web|title=NCCA|url=https://www.facebook.com/NCCAOfficial/photos/a.420407325282/10152863136120283/|url-status=live|website=Facebook}}</ref>
The Hanunó'o people's poetry, [[Ambahan]], consists of seven syllable lines inscribed onto bamboo segments, nodes, musical instruments or other materials using the tip of a knife. Charcoal and other black pigments are then used to make the characters stand out. The poems represent a Mangyan's personal thoughts, feelings or desires. It is recited during social occasions (without accompaniment), in courting ceremonies or when requested.
{{col-float}}
;Hanunoo text

{{lang-hnn|label=none|{{Script|Hano|ᜰᜲ ᜠᜩᜳ ᜪ ᜢ ᜩ ᜧ{{br}}
=== 'You my friend' ===
ᜨᜳ ᜣ ᜦᜲ ᜨ ᜤᜲ ᜧ ᜫ{{br}}
{| class="wikitable"
ᜫ ᜢ ᜮ ᜫ ᜧᜲ ᜣ ᜨ{{br}}
!Original Hanunó'o
ᜫ ᜦ ᜣᜲ ᜫ ᜧᜲ ᜣ ᜯ{{br}}
!Hanunó'o with pamudpod
ᜨᜳ ᜣ ᜦᜲ ᜨ ᜤᜲ ᜧᜳ ᜫ{{br}}
!Transliteration
ᜤ ᜰᜲ ᜬᜳ ᜧᜲ ᜰ ᜠ ᜥ{{br}}
!English
ᜤ ᜩ ᜦ ᜧ ᜬᜳ ᜧ ᜫ ᜶}}}}
''<small>(from NCCA)</small>''
{{col-float-break|style=padding-left:1em;border-left:1px solid #ccc; margin-right:1em}}
!Tagalog
;Hanunoo text with ''pamudpod''
''<small>(Translated by Matthew Relucio)</small>''
{{lang-hnn|label=none|{{Script|Hano|ᜰᜲ ᜠᜬ᜴ᜩᜳᜧ᜴ ᜪᜬ᜴ ᜢ ᜥ ᜧᜨ᜴{{br}}
|-
ᜨᜳ ᜣᜥ᜴ ᜦᜲ ᜨ ᜤᜲᜨ᜴ᜧᜳ ᜫᜨ᜴{{br}}
|{{Script|Hano|
ᜫᜬ᜴ ᜦ ᜣᜲᜩ᜴ ᜫ ᜧᜲ ᜣᜬ᜴ ᜯᜨ᜴{{br}}
ᜰᜲ ᜠᜩᜳ ᜪ ᜢ ᜩ ᜧ
ᜫᜳ ᜣᜥ᜴ ᜦᜲ ᜨ ᜤᜲᜨ᜴ ᜧᜳ ᜫᜨ᜴{{br}}

ᜤ ᜰᜲ ᜬᜳᜨ᜴ ᜧᜲ ᜰ ᜠᜧ᜴ ᜥᜨ᜴{{br}}
ᜨᜳ ᜣ ᜦᜲ ᜨ ᜤᜲ ᜧ ᜫ
ᜤ ᜩᜤ᜴ ᜦᜥ᜴ᜧ ᜬᜳᜨ᜴ ᜧᜲ ᜫᜨ᜴᜶}}}}

{{col-float-break|style=padding-left:1em;border-left:1px solid #ccc; margin-right:1em}}
ᜫ ᜢ ᜮ ᜫ ᜧᜲ ᜣ ᜨ
;Transliteration

{{lang-hnn|label=none|Si ay-pod bay u- pa- dan{{br}}
ᜫ ᜦ ᜣᜲ ᜫ ᜧᜲ ᜣ ᜯ
No kang ti- na gin-du- man{{br}}

May u- lang ma- di kag-nan{{br}}
ᜨᜳ ᜣ ᜦᜲ ᜨ ᜤᜲ ᜧᜳ ᜫ
May ta- kip ma di kay-wan{{br}}

Mo kang ti- na gin-du- man{{br}}
ᜤ ᜰᜲ ᜬᜳ ᜧᜲ ᜰ ᜠ ᜥ
Ga si- yon di sa ad- ngan{{br}}

Ga pag- tang-da- yon di-man.}}
ᜤ ᜩ ᜦ ᜧ ᜬᜳ ᜧ ᜫ ᜶
{{col-float-break|style=padding-left:1em;border-left:1px solid #ccc; margin-right:1em}}
}}
;English
|{{Script|Hano|ᜰᜲ ᜠᜬ᜴ᜩᜳᜧ᜴ ᜪᜬ᜴ ᜢ ᜥ ᜧᜨ᜴
You my friend, dearest of all,{{br}}

thinking of you makes me sad;{{br}}
ᜨᜳ ᜣᜥ᜴ ᜦᜲ ᜨ ᜤᜲᜨ᜴ᜧᜳ ᜫᜨ᜴
rivers deep are in between{{br}}

forests vast keep us apart{{br}}
ᜫᜬ᜴ ᜦ ᜣᜲᜩ᜴ ᜫ ᜧᜲ ᜣᜬ᜴ ᜯᜨ᜴
But thinking of you with love;{{br}}

as if you are here nearby{{br}}
ᜫᜳ ᜣᜥ᜴ ᜦᜲ ᜨ ᜤᜲᜨ᜴ ᜧᜳ ᜫᜨ᜴
standing, sitting at my side.{{br}}

{{col-float-end}}
ᜤ ᜰᜲ ᜬᜳᜨ᜴ ᜧᜲ ᜰ ᜠᜧ᜴ ᜥᜨ᜴

ᜤ ᜩᜤ᜴ ᜦᜥ᜴ᜧ ᜬᜳᜨ᜴ ᜧᜲ ᜫᜨ᜴᜶
}}
|''Si ay-pod bay u- pa- dan''
''No kang ti- na gin-du- man''

''May u- lang ma- di kag-nan''

''May ta- kip ma di kay-wan''

''Mo kang ti- na gin-du- man''

''Ga si- yon di sa ad- ngan''

''Ga pag- tang-da- yon di-man.''
|You my friend, dearest of all,

thinking of you makes me sad;

rivers deep are in between

forests vast keep us apart

But thinking of you with love;

as if you are here nearby

standing, sitting at my side.
|Kaibigan kong mahal,


lungkot ang isipin ka;


hiniwalay ng ilog,


gubat ay mapagbukod


Ngunit ang ibigin ka;


na parang nandito ka,


katabi't kayakap ko.

|}


== Unicode ==
== Unicode ==

Revision as of 17:16, 14 July 2024

Hanunó'o
(Mangyan Baybayin/Surat Mangyan)
ᜱᜨᜳᜨᜳᜢ
Script type
Time period
c. 1300–present
DirectionLeft-to-right, bottom-to-top Edit this on Wikidata
LanguagesHanunó'o, Tagalog
Related scripts
Parent systems
Sister systems
In the Philippines:

Buhid (Mangyan Baybayin, Surat Mangyan)
Kulitan (Súlat Kapampángan)
Tagbanwa script
Ibalnan script
In the Indonesian Archipelago:
Balinese
Batak
Javanese
Lontara
Sundanese
Rencong

Rejang
ISO 15924
ISO 15924Hano (371), ​Hanunoo (Hanunóo)
Unicode
Unicode alias
Hanunoo
U+1720–U+173F

This article contains Hanunoo text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Hanunuo script.
Brahmic scripts
The Brahmi script and its descendants
Northern Brahmic
Southern Brahmic

Hanunoo (IPA: [hanunuʔɔ]), also rendered Hanunó'o, is one of the scripts indigenous to the Philippines and is used by the Mangyan peoples of southern Mindoro to write the Hanunó'o language.[1][2]

It is an abugida descended from the Brahmic scripts, closely related to Sulat Tagalog, and is famous for being written vertical but written upward, rather than downward as nearly all other scripts (however, it is read horizontally left to right). It is usually written on bamboo by incising characters with a knife.[3][4] Most known Hanunó'o inscriptions are relatively recent because of the perishable nature of bamboo. It is therefore difficult to trace the history of the script.[2]

Structure

Fifteen basic characters of the Hanunó'o script each represent one of the fifteen consonants /p/ /t/ /k/ /b/ /d/ /ɡ/ /m/ /n/ /ŋ/ /l/ /r/ /s/ /h/ /j/ /w/ followed by the inherent vowel /a/.[4] Other syllables are written by modifying each of these characters with one of two diacritics (kudlit) which change the vowel sound to /i/ or /u/.[3] The glyph for /la/ is the same as that for /ra/ but /li/ and /ri/ are distinct, as are /lu/ and /ru/. There are three independent (phonetically preceded by a glottal stop, transliterated as q).[5] Final consonants are not written, and so must be determined from context.[3] Dutch anthropologist Antoon Postma, who went to the Philippines from the Netherlands in the 1950s, introduced the pamudpod virama (᜴) to indicate a syllable final consonant.[6] The pamudpod is also used in modern Baybayin.

Vowels and diacritics
ᜠ
a
ᜡ
i
ᜢ
u
ᜲ
-i
ᜳ
-u
᜴
-
pamudpod
Hanunó'o syllables and final consonants
ᜣ
ka
ᜤ
ga
ᜥ
nga
ᜦ
ta
ᜧ
da
ᜨ
na
ᜩ
pa
ᜪ
ba
ᜫ
ma
ᜬ
ya
ᜭ
ra
ᜮ
la
ᜯ
wa
ᜰ
sa
ᜱ
ha
ᜣ + ᜲ
ᜣᜲ
ki
ᜤ + ᜲ
ᜤᜲ
gi
ᜥ + ᜲ
ᜥᜲ
ngi
ᜦ + ᜲ
ᜦᜲ
ti
ᜧ + ᜲ
ᜧᜲ
di
ᜨ + ᜲ
ᜨᜲ
ni
ᜩ + ᜲ
ᜩᜲ
pi
ᜪ + ᜲ
ᜪᜲ
bi
ᜫ + ᜲ
ᜫᜲ
mi
ᜬ + ᜲ
ᜬᜲ
yi
ᜭ + ᜲ
ᜭᜲ
ri
ᜮ + ᜲ
ᜮᜲ
li
ᜯ + ᜲ
ᜯᜲ
wi
ᜰ + ᜲ
ᜰᜲ
si
ᜱ + ᜲ
ᜱᜲ
hi
ᜣ + ᜳ
ᜣᜳ
ku
ᜤ + ᜳ
ᜤᜳ
gu
ᜥ + ᜳ
ᜥᜳ
ngu
ᜦ + ᜳ
ᜦᜳ
tu
ᜧ + ᜳ
ᜧᜳ
du
ᜨ + ᜳ
ᜨᜳ
nu
ᜩ + ᜳ
ᜩᜳ
pu
ᜪ + ᜳ
ᜪᜳ
bu
ᜫ + ᜳ
ᜫᜳ
mu
ᜬ + ᜳ
ᜬᜳ
yu
ᜭ + ᜳ
ᜭᜳ
ru
ᜮ + ᜳ
ᜮᜳ
lu
ᜯ + ᜳ
ᜯᜳ
wu
ᜰ + ᜳ
ᜰᜳ
su
ᜱ + ᜳ
ᜱᜳ
hu
ᜣ + ᜴
ᜣ᜴
-k
ᜤ + ᜴
ᜤ᜴
-g
ᜥ + ᜴
ᜥ᜴
-ng
ᜦ + ᜴
ᜦ᜴
-t
ᜧ + ᜴
ᜧ᜴
-d
ᜨ + ᜴
ᜨ᜴
-n
ᜩ + ᜴
ᜩ᜴
-p
ᜪ + ᜴
ᜪ᜴
-b
ᜫ + ᜴
ᜫ᜴
-m
ᜬ + ᜴
ᜬ᜴
-y
ᜭ + ᜴
ᜭ᜴
-r
ᜮ + ᜴
ᜮ᜴
-l
ᜯ + ᜴
ᜯ᜴
-w
ᜰ + ᜴
ᜰ᜴
-s
ᜱ + ᜴
ᜱ᜴
-h

The script makes use of single ( ᜵ ) and double ( ᜶ ) danda punctuation characters.[6]

Direction of writing

Hanunó'o alternative letters ra and wu
A bamboo bow (bayi,[7] ᜪᜬᜲ) from Oriental Mindoro, inscribed with Hanunó'o

The Hanunó'o script is conventionally written away from the body (from bottom to top) in columns which go from left to right.[3] Within the columns, characters may have any orientation but the orientation must be consistent for all characters in a text. The characters are typically vertical with the /i/ diacritic on the left and the /u/ on the right, or horizontal with the /i/ on the top and the /u/ on the bottom.[5] Left-handed people often write in mirror image, which reverses both the direction of writing (right to left instead of left to right) and the characters themselves.[4]

Learning the script

Young Hanunó'o men and women (called layqaw)[8] learn the script primarily in order to memorize love songs. The goal is to learn as many songs as possible, and using the script to write the songs facilitates this process. The script is also used to write letters, notifications, and other documents. The characters are not memorized in any particular order; learners typically begin by learning how to write their name. Literacy among the Hanunó'o people is high despite a lack of formal education in the script.[4]

Examples

The Hanunó'o people's poetry, Ambahan, consists of seven syllable lines inscribed onto bamboo segments, nodes, musical instruments or other materials using the tip of a knife. Charcoal and other black pigments are then used to make the characters stand out. The poems represent a Mangyan's personal thoughts, feelings or desires. It is recited during social occasions (without accompaniment), in courting ceremonies or when requested.

Hanunoo text

Template:Lang-hnn

Hanunoo text with pamudpod

Template:Lang-hnn

Transliteration

Template:Lang-hnn

English

You my friend, dearest of all,
thinking of you makes me sad;
rivers deep are in between
forests vast keep us apart
But thinking of you with love;
as if you are here nearby
standing, sitting at my side.

Unicode

Main article: Hanunoo (Unicode block)

The Unicode range for Hanunó'o is U+1720–U+173F:

Hanunoo[1][2]
Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF)
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
U+172x ᜠ ᜡ ᜢ ᜣ ᜤ ᜥ ᜦ ᜧ ᜨ ᜩ ᜪ ᜫ ᜬ ᜭ ᜮ ᜯ
U+173x ᜰ ᜱ ᜲ ᜳ ᜴ ᜵ ᜶
Notes
1.^ As of Unicode version 16.0
2.^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points

See also

References

  1. ^ "Protect all PH writing systems, heritage advocates urge Congress". April 27, 2018.
  2. ^ a b Postma, Antoon (July 1971). "Contemporary Mangyan Scripts". Philippine Journal of Linguistics. 2 (1): 1–12.
  3. ^ a b c d Rubino, Carl. "The Hanunoo Script". Ancient Scripts of the Philippines. Retrieved October 8, 2016.
  4. ^ a b c d Conklin, Harold C. (2007). Fine Description: Ethnographic and Linguistic Essays. New Haven: Yale University Southeast Asia Studies. pp. 320–342.
  5. ^ a b Daniels, Peter; William Bright (1996). The World's Writing Systems. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 481–484.
  6. ^ a b "Chapter 17: Indonesia and Oceania" (PDF). Unicode Consortium. March 2020.
  7. ^ Harold C. Conklin (1953). Hanunóo-English Vocabulary. University of California Press. p. 79. báyi (1): a hunting bow, usually of bamboo; frequently extended to mean bow and arrows collectively. báyi (2): the bamboo part of a gitgit (violin) bow
  8. ^ T.L.S. (Times literary supplement). Oxford University Press. 1966. p. 204. layqaw refers to a category of 'marriageable but unmarried youth'
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