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{{Short description|Geologic formation in Panama}}
{{distinguish|Gatuncillo Formation}}
{{Infobox rockunit
{{Infobox rockunit
| name = Gatún Formation
| name = Gatún Formation
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| caption =
| caption =
| type = [[Formation (stratigraphy)|Formation]]
| type = [[Formation (stratigraphy)|Formation]]
| period = Miocene
| period = Tortonian
| age = [[Priabonian]]-[[Pliocene]]
| age = [[Serravallian|Latest Serravallian]]-[[Tortonian]]<br />([[Clarendonian]]-[[Hemphillian]])<br />~{{fossil range|12|8.5}}
| prilithology = [[Sandstone]], [[siltstone]]
| prilithology = [[Sandstone]], [[siltstone]]
| otherlithology = [[Tuff]], [[conglomerate (geology)|conglomerate]]
| otherlithology = [[Tuff]], [[conglomerate (geology)|conglomerate]]
| namedfor = [[Lake Gatún]]
| namedfor = [[Lake Gatún]]
| namedby =
| namedby = Howe
| year_ts = 1907
| region = [[Colón Province]]
| region = [[Colón Province]]
| country = {{PAN}}
| country = {{PAN}}
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| unitof =
| unitof =
| subunits =
| subunits =
| underlies =
| underlies = ''[[alluvium]]''
| overlies = [[Caimito Formation]], unnamed Cretaceous volcanics
| overlies = [[Caimito Formation]], unnamed Cretaceous volcanics
| thickness =
| thickness =
| extent = [[Panama Canal Basin]]
| extent = [[Panama Basin]]
| area =
| area =
| map =
| map = {{Location map+ | Panama
| relief = 1
| width = 250
| float = center
| places =
{{Location map~ | Panama
| lat_deg = 9.3
| lon_deg = -79.8
| mark = Yellow pog.svg
| marksize = 12
}}
}}
| map_caption =
| map_caption =
}}
}}


The '''Gatún Formation''' is a [[Formation (geology)|geologic formation]] in [[Panama]]. The coastal to marginally marine [[sandstone]], [[siltstone]], [[claystone]], [[tuff]] and [[conglomerate (geology)|conglomerate]] formation dates to the [[Miocene|Middle Miocene]] to [[Pliocene]].<ref>[https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0306f/plate-1.pdf USGS - Geologic map of the Gaillard Area, Panama Canal]</ref><ref name=FWGatun>[http://fossilworks.org/bridge.pl?action=displayStrata&geological_group=&formation=Gatun&group_formation_member=Gatun Gatún Formation] at [[Fossilworks]].org</ref> It preserves [[fossils]], among others, [[Megalodon]] have been found in the formation.
The '''Gatún Formation''' (Tg)<ref name=GeoMap1980>Geologic Map, 1980</ref> is a [[Formation (geology)|geologic formation]] in the [[Colón Province|Colón]] and [[Panamá Province]]s of central [[Panama]]. The formation crops out in and around the [[Panama Canal Zone]]. The coastal to marginally marine [[sandstone]], [[siltstone]], [[claystone]], [[tuff]] and [[conglomerate (geology)|conglomerate]] formation dates to the [[Serravallian|latest Serravallian]] to [[Tortonian]] ([[Clarendonian]] to [[Hemphillian]] in the [[North American land mammal age|NALMA classification]]), from 12 to 8.5 Ma.<ref name=Aguilera2017_p5>Aguilera et al., 2017, p.5</ref><ref name=FWGatun>[http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?action=displayStrata&geological_group=&formation=Gatun&group_formation_member=Gatun Gatún Formation] at [[Fossilworks]].org</ref> It preserves many [[fossils]], among others, [[megalodon]] teeth have been found in the formation.

== Description ==
The Gatún Formation was first defined and named as such by Howe in 1907. The formation was known before and when [[William Phipps Blake]] traveled across Panama in 1853 on his way to California to join one of the transcontinental railroad surveying parties, he collected a few Gatún Formation fossils.<ref name=Woodring1957_p42>Woodring, 1957, p.42</ref> In the Canal Zone the contact between the formation with the underlying [[Caimito Formation]] is covered by the waters of [[Lake Gatún]] and even before the flooding of the lake perhaps all of the contact was concealed by swamps.<ref name=Woodring1957_p43>Woodring, 1957, p.43</ref>

Massive medium- to very fine-grained [[sandstone]]s and [[siltstone]]s are the chief constituents of the Gatún Formation. They are somewhat [[calcareous]], or [[marl]]y, somewhat [[tuff]]aceous, and have a clay-like matrix. The sandstone contains numerous grains of black and greenish volcanic rocks and is practically a subgraywacke. [[Conglomerate (geology)|Conglomerates]] and hard brittle very fine-grained tuff make up a small part of the formation. [[Basalt]] intrudes older formations in the Lake Gatún area, but is not known to penetrate the Gatún Formation.<ref name=Woodring1957_p43/>


== Fossil content ==
== Fossil content ==
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
{{colbegin|2}}
* ''[[Agatrix|Agatrix agathe]]''<ref name=MioceneCancellariidaeGatunFormation>Landau et al., 2012</ref>
* ''[[Agatrix|Agatrix agathe]]''<ref name=MioceneCancellariidaeGatunFormation>Landau et al., 2012</ref>
* ''[[Aphera|Aphera aphrodite]]''<ref name=MioceneCancellariidaeGatunFormation />
* ''[[Aphera|Aphera aphrodite]]''<ref name=MioceneCancellariidaeGatunFormation />
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* ''[[Bivetiella|Bivetiella dilatata]]''<ref name=MioceneCancellariidaeGatunFormation />
* ''[[Bivetiella|Bivetiella dilatata]]''<ref name=MioceneCancellariidaeGatunFormation />
* ''[[Cancellaria|Cancellaria harzhauseri]]'', ''[[Cancellaria|C. mixta]]''<ref name=MioceneCancellariidaeGatunFormation />
* ''[[Cancellaria|Cancellaria harzhauseri]]'', ''[[Cancellaria|C. mixta]]''<ref name=MioceneCancellariidaeGatunFormation />
* ''[[Carcharocles megalodon]]''
* ''[[Otodus megalodon]]''
* ''[[Carinodrillia zooki]]''
* ''[[Carinodrillia zooki]]''
* ''[[Chilomycterus exspectatus]]'', ''[[Chilomycterus tyleri|C. tyleri]]''<ref>Aguilera et al., 2017</ref>
* ''[[Chilomycterus exspectatus]]'', ''[[Chilomycterus tyleri|C. tyleri]]''<ref>Aguilera et al., 2017</ref>
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* ''[[Umbrina opima]]''<ref name=Aguilera2016/>
* ''[[Umbrina opima]]''<ref name=Aguilera2016/>
* ''[[Ventrilia|Ventrilia coatesi]]''<ref name=MioceneCancellariidaeGatunFormation />
* ''[[Ventrilia|Ventrilia coatesi]]''<ref name=MioceneCancellariidaeGatunFormation />
{{colend}}
{{div col end}}


== See also ==
== See also ==
{{Portal|Earth sciences|Panama|Paleontology|Neogene|Paleogene|Prehistory of North America|Prehistory of South America}}
* [[List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Panama]]
* [[List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Panama]]


== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist|20em}}


=== Bibliography ===
=== Bibliography ===
* {{Cite journal|author1=Orangel Aguilera |author2=Guilherme Oliveira Andrade Silva |author3=Ricardo Tadeu Lopes |author4=Alessandra Silveira Machado |author5=Thaís Maria dos Santos |author6=Gabriela Marques |author7=Thayse Bertucci |author8=Thayanne Aguiar |author9=Jorge Carrillo-Briceño |author10=Felix Rodriguez |author11=Carlos Jaramillo |year=2017 |title=Neogene Proto-Caribbean porcupinefishes (Diodontidae) |journal=PLoS ONE |volume=12 |issue=7 |pages=e0181670 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0181670 }}
* {{citation |last1=Aguilera |first1=Órangel |last2=Andrade Silva |first2=Guilherme Oliveira |last3=Tadeu Lopes |first3=Ricardo |last4=Silveira Machado |first4=Alessandra |last5=Dos Santos |first5=Thaís Maria |last6=Marques |first6=Gabriela |last7=Bertucci |first7=Thayse |last8=Aguiar |first8=Thayanne |last9=Carrillo Briceño and Felix Rodríguez, [[Carlos Jaramillo (geologist)|Carlos Jaramillo]] |first9=Jorge |year=2017 |title=Neogene Proto-Caribbean porcupinefishes (Diodontidae) |url=https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/138671/1/journal.pone.0181670-1.pdf |journal=[[PLoS ONE]] |volume=12 |issue=7 |pages=1–26 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0181670 |doi-access=free |pmid=28746370 |pmc=5528887 |accessdate=2019-02-09}}
* {{Cite journal|author1=Orangel A. Aguilera |author2=Werner Schwarzhans |author3=Philippe Béarez |year=2016 |title=Otoliths of the Sciaenidae from the Neogene of tropical America |journal=Palaeo Ichthyologica |volume=14 |pages=7–90 }}
* {{citation |last1=Aguilera |first1=Órangel A. |last2=Schwarzhans |first2=Werner |last3=Béarez |first3=Philippe |year=2016 |title=Otoliths of the Sciaenidae from the Neogene of tropical America |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301301677 |journal=[[Palaeo Ichthyologica]] |volume=14 |pages=7–90 |accessdate=2019-02-09}}
* {{Cite journal|author=Jonathan R. Hendricks |year=2018 |title=Diversity and preserved shell coloration patterns of Miocene Conidae (Neogastropoda) from an exposure of the Gatun Formation, Colón Province, Panama |journal=Journal of Paleontology |volume=92 |issue=5 |pages=804–837 |doi=10.1017/jpa.2017.153 }}
* {{citation |last=Beu |first=A.G |year=2010 |title=Neogene Tonnoidean Gastropods of Tropical and South America; contributions to the Dominican Republic and Panama Paleontology Projects and Uplift of the Central American Isthmus |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286054735 |journal=[[Bulletins of American Paleontology]] |volume=377-378 |pages=1–550 |accessdate=2019-02-09}}
* {{Cite journal|author1=Bernard Landau |author2=Richard E. Petit |author3=Carlos M. Da Silva |year=2012 |title=New Cancellariidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from the Miocene Gatun Formation of Panama, with Eleven New Species |journal=Journal of Paleontology |volume=86 |issue=6 |pages=907–930 |doi=10.1666/12-043R.1 }}
* {{citation |last1=Cadena |first1=E. |last2=Bourque |first2=J.R. |last3=Rincón |first3=A.F. |last4=Bloch |first4=J.I. |author5-link=Carlos Jaramillo (geologist) |last5=Jaramillo |first5=C.A. |last6=MacFadden |first6=B.J. |year=2012 |title=New turtles (Chelonia) from the late Eocene through Late Miocene of the Panama Canal Basin |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233777124 |journal=[[Journal of Paleontology]] |volume=86 |issue=3 |pages=539–557 |doi=10.1666/11-106.1 |bibcode=2012JPal...86..539C |accessdate=2019-02-09 |author1-link=Edwin Cadena }}
* {{citation |last=Hendricks |first=Jonathan R |year=2018 |title=Diversity and preserved shell coloration patterns of Miocene Conidae (Neogastropoda) from an exposure of the Gatun Formation, Colón Province, Panama |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-paleontology/article/diversity-and-preserved-shell-coloration-patterns-of-miocene-conidae-neogastropoda-from-an-exposure-of-the-gatun-formation-colon-province-panama/FF9E6CC66DED95076DC2C6DB8672C3A2 |journal=[[Journal of Paleontology]] |volume=92 |issue=5 |pages=804–837 |doi=10.1017/jpa.2017.153 |accessdate=2019-02-09}}
⚫
* {{Cite journal|author1=Werner Schwarzhans |author2=Orangel Aguilera |year=2016 |title=Otoliths of the Ophidiiformes from the Neogene of tropical America |journal=Palaeo Ichthyologica |volume=14 |pages=91–124 }}
* {{citation |last1=Landau |first1=Bernard |last2=Petit |first2=Richard E. |last3=Da Silva |first3=Carlos M. |year=2012 |title=New Cancellariidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from the Miocene Gatun Formation of Panama, with Eleven New Species |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256210894 |journal=[[Journal of Paleontology]] |volume=86 |issue=6 |pages=907–930 |doi=10.1666/12-043R.1 |bibcode=2012JPal...86..907L |accessdate=2019-02-09}}
⚫
* {{Cite journal|author1=Werner Schwarzhans |author2=Orangel Aguilera |year=2013 |title=Otoliths of the Myctophidae from the Neogene of tropical America |journal=Palaeo Ichthyologica |volume=13 |pages=83–150 |url=http://www.pfeil-verlag.de/07pala/e4_66.php }}
⚫
* {{citation |last1=Schwarzhans |first1=Werner |last2=Aguilera |first2=Órangel |year=2016 |title=Otoliths of the Ophidiiformes from the Neogene of tropical America |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301301826 |journal=[[Palaeo Ichthyologica]] |volume=14 |pages=91–124 |accessdate=2019-02-09}}
⚫
* {{citation |last1=Schwarzhans |first1=Werner |last2=Aguilera |first2=Órangel |year=2013 |title=Otoliths of the Myctophidae from the Neogene of tropical America |url=http://www.pfeil-verlag.de/07pala/e4_66.php |journal=[[Palaeo Ichthyologica]] |volume=13 |pages=83–150 |accessdate=2019-02-09}}
* {{citation |last=Woodring |first=W.P |year=1957 |title=Geology and Paleontology of Canal Zone and Adjoining Parts of Panama - 306A Geology and description of Tertiary mollusks (Gastropods: Trochidae to Turritellidae) |url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0306a/report.pdf |publisher=[[United States Geological Survey|USGS]] |pages=1–186 |accessdate=2019-02-09}}
* {{citation |last1=Stewart |first1=R.H. |last2=Stewart |first2=J.L. |last3=Woodring |first3=W.P. |year=1980 |title=Geologic Map of the Panama Canal and Vicinity |url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0306f/plate-1.pdf |publisher=[[United States Geological Survey|USGS]] |pages=1 |accessdate=2019-02-09}}


== Further reading ==
== Further reading ==
* [[Edwin Cadena|E. Cadena]], J. R. Bourque, A. F. Rincon, J. I. Bloch, [[Carlos Jaramillo (geologist)|C. A. Jaramillo]] and B. J. MacFadden. 2012. New turtles (Chelonia) from the late Eocene through Late Miocene of the Panama Canal Basin. Journal of Paleontology 86(3):539-557
* C. Pimiento, G. González-Barba, D. J. Ehret, B. J. MacFadden, A. J. W. Hendy and C. Jaramillo. 2013. Sharks and Rays (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii) from the late Miocene Gatún Formation of Panama. Journal of Paleontology 87(5):755-774
* C. Pimiento, G. González-Barba, D. J. Ehret, B. J. MacFadden, A. J. W. Hendy and C. Jaramillo. 2013. Sharks and Rays (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii) from the late Miocene Gatun Formation of Panama. Journal of Paleontology 87(5):755-774


{{DEFAULTSORT:Gatun Formation}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gatun Formation}}
[[Category:Geologic formations of Panama]]
[[Category:Geologic formations of Panama]]
[[Category:Neogene Panama]]
[[Category:Neogene Panama]]
[[Category:Tortonian]]
[[Category:Clarendonian]]
[[Category:Hemphillian]]
[[Category:Sandstone formations]]
[[Category:Sandstone formations]]
[[Category:Siltstone formations]]
[[Category:Siltstone formations]]
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[[Category:Paleontology in Panama]]
[[Category:Paleontology in Panama]]
[[Category:Colón Province|Formations]]
[[Category:Colón Province|Formations]]
[[Category:Panama Canal]]
[[Category:Geography of Panamá Province|Formations]]
[[Category:Panama Canal Zone|Formations]]

Latest revision as of 21:29, 8 July 2024

Not to be confused with Gatuncillo Formation.
Gatún Formation
Stratigraphic range: Latest Serravallian-Tortonian
(Clarendonian-Hemphillian)
~12–8.5 Ma
↓
TypeFormation
Underliesalluvium
OverliesCaimito Formation, unnamed Cretaceous volcanics
Lithology
PrimarySandstone, siltstone
OtherTuff, conglomerate
Location
Coordinates9°18′N 79°48′W / 9.3°N 79.8°W / 9.3; -79.8
Approximate paleocoordinates8°54′N 78°06′W / 8.9°N 78.1°W / 8.9; -78.1
RegionColón Province
Country Panama
ExtentPanama Basin
Type section
Named forLake Gatún
Named byHowe
Year defined1907
Gatún Formation is located in Panama
Gatún Formation
Gatún Formation (Panama)

The Gatún Formation (Tg)[1] is a geologic formation in the Colón and Panamá Provinces of central Panama. The formation crops out in and around the Panama Canal Zone. The coastal to marginally marine sandstone, siltstone, claystone, tuff and conglomerate formation dates to the latest Serravallian to Tortonian (Clarendonian to Hemphillian in the NALMA classification), from 12 to 8.5 Ma.[2][3] It preserves many fossils, among others, megalodon teeth have been found in the formation.

Description

[edit]

The Gatún Formation was first defined and named as such by Howe in 1907. The formation was known before and when William Phipps Blake traveled across Panama in 1853 on his way to California to join one of the transcontinental railroad surveying parties, he collected a few Gatún Formation fossils.[4] In the Canal Zone the contact between the formation with the underlying Caimito Formation is covered by the waters of Lake Gatún and even before the flooding of the lake perhaps all of the contact was concealed by swamps.[5]

Massive medium- to very fine-grained sandstones and siltstones are the chief constituents of the Gatún Formation. They are somewhat calcareous, or marly, somewhat tuffaceous, and have a clay-like matrix. The sandstone contains numerous grains of black and greenish volcanic rocks and is practically a subgraywacke. Conglomerates and hard brittle very fine-grained tuff make up a small part of the formation. Basalt intrudes older formations in the Lake Gatún area, but is not known to penetrate the Gatún Formation.[5]

Fossil content

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Geologic Map, 1980
  2. ^ Aguilera et al., 2017, p.5
  3. ^ Gatún Formation at Fossilworks.org
  4. ^ Woodring, 1957, p.42
  5. ^ a b Woodring, 1957, p.43
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i Landau et al., 2012
  7. ^ Aguilera et al., 2017
  8. ^ Hendricks, 2018
  9. ^ a b Aguilera et al., 2016
  10. ^ Schwarzhans & Aguilera, 2013
  11. ^ Schwarzhans & Aguilera, 2016

Bibliography

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]
  • C. Pimiento, G. González-Barba, D. J. Ehret, B. J. MacFadden, A. J. W. Hendy and C. Jaramillo. 2013. Sharks and Rays (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii) from the late Miocene Gatún Formation of Panama. Journal of Paleontology 87(5):755-774
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