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{{Short description|Period of Japanese history (767–770 CE)}}
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{{nihongo|'''Jingo-keiun'''|神護景雲}} was a {{nihongo|[[Japanese era|Japanese era name]]|年号,|''nengō'',|lit. "[[year]] name"}} after ''[[Tenpyō-jingo]]'' and before ''[[Hōki]].'' This period spanned the years from [[767]] through [[770]]. The reigning empress was {{nihongo|[[Empress Shōtoku]]''-tennō''|称徳天皇}}. This was the same woman who had reigned previously as the former {{nihongo|[[Empress Kōken|Kōken]]''-tennō''|孝謙天皇}}.<ref>Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). ''Annales des empereurs du Japon,'' pp. 78-81; Brown, Delmer ''et al.'' (1979). ''Gukanshō,'' pp. 274-276; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). ''Jinnō Shōtōki.'' p. 143-147.</ref>
{{History of Japan|Shoso-in.jpg| Image explanation = [[Shōsōin]]}}
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{{nihongo|'''Jingo-keiun'''|神護景雲}} was a {{nihongo|[[Japanese era name]]|年号|''nengō''|"year name"}} after ''[[Tenpyō-jingo]]'' and before ''[[Hōki]].'' This period spanned the years from August 767 through October 770.<ref>Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Jingo-keiun''" in [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA422 ''Japan encyclopedia'', p. 422]; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, ''see'' [http://dispatch.opac.ddb.de/DB=4.1/PPN?PPN=128842709 Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120524174828/http://dispatch.opac.ddb.de/DB=4.1/PPN?PPN=128842709 |date=2012-05-24 }}.</ref> The reigning empress was {{nihongo|[[Empress Shōtoku]]''-tennō''|称徳天皇}}. This was the same woman who had reigned previously as the former {{nihongo|[[Empress Kōken|Kōken]]''-tennō''|孝謙天皇}}.<ref>Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran&pg=PP9 ''Annales des empereurs du Japon'', pp. 78-81]; Brown, Delmer ''et al.'' (1979). ''Gukanshō'', pp. 274-276; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). ''Jinnō Shōtōki.'' p. 143-147.</ref>


==Change of era==
==Change of era==
* '''767''' {{nihongo|'''Jingo-keiun gannen''|神護景雲元年}}: The new era name was created to mark an event or series of events. The previous era ended and the new one commenced in ''Tenpyō-jingo'' 3, on the 18th day of the 8th month of 767.<ref>Brown, p. 276.</ref>.
* '''767''' {{nihongo|''Jingo-keiun gannen''|神護景雲元年}}: The new era name was created to mark an event or series of events. The previous era ended and the new one commenced in ''Tenpyō-jingo'' 3, on the 18th day of the 8th month of 767.<ref>Brown, p. 276.</ref>


==Events of the ''Jingo-keiun'' era==
==Events of the ''Jingo-keiun'' era==
* '''September 8, 669''' (''Jingo-keiun 3, 4th day of the 8th month''])<!-- NengoCalc 神護景雲三年八月四日 -->: In the 5th year of Shōtoku''-tennō'' 's reign (称徳天皇5年), the empress died; and she designated Senior Counselor Prince Shirakabe as her heir.<ref>Brown, pp. 276-277.</ref>
* '''8 September 769''' (''Jingo-keiun 3, 4th day of the 8th month'')<!-- NengoCalc 神護景雲三年八月四日 -->: In the 5th year of Shōtoku''-tennō''{{'}}s reign (称徳天皇5年), the empress died; and she designated Senior Counselor Prince Shirakabe as her heir.<ref>Brown, pp. 276-277.</ref>
* '''770''' (''Jingo-keiun 3, 4th day of the 8th month''): The succession (‘‘senso’’) was received by a 62-year-old grandson of [[Emperor Tenji]]. <ref>Brown, p. 276; Varley, p. 44, 148. [A distinct act of ''senso'' is unrecognized prior to Emperor Tenji; and all sovereigns except Jitō, Yōzei, Go-Toba, and Fushimi have ''senso'' and ''sokui'' in the same year until the reign of Go-Murakami.]</ref>
* '''770''' (''Jingo-keiun 3, 4th day of the 8th month''): The succession (''senso'') was received by a 62-year-old grandson of [[Emperor Tenji]].<ref>Brown, p. 276; Varley, p. 44, 148; a distinct act of ''senso'' is unrecognized prior to [[Emperor Tenji]]; and all sovereigns except [[Empress Jitō|Jitō]], [[Emperor Yōzei|Yōzei]], [[Emperor Go-Toba|Go-Toba]], and [[Emperor Fushimi|Fushimi]] have ''senso'' and ''sokui'' in the same year until the reign of [[Emperor Go-Murakami]].</ref>
* '''770''' (''Jingo-keiun 3, 1st day of the 10th month''): [[Emperor Kōnin]] was is said to have acceded to the throne (‘‘sokui’’) in a formal ceremony;and the [[nengō]] was changed to ''Hōki'' on the very same day.<ref>Titsingh, p. 81; Brown, p. 277; Varley, p. 44, 148.</ref>
* '''770''' (''Jingo-keiun 3, 1st day of the 10th month''): [[Emperor Kōnin]] was said to have acceded to the throne (''sokui'') in a formal ceremony;and the [[nengō]] was changed to ''Hōki'' on the very same day.<ref>Titsingh, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran&pg=PP9 p. 81]; Brown, p. 277; Varley, p. 44, 148.</ref>

The ''Jingō-kaihō''' was a copper coin issued from 765 to 796. It had a diameter of about 23&nbsp;mm and a weight of between 3.4 and 4.5&nbsp;grams.<ref>Nussbaum, "''Jingō-kaihō''" in [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA422 ''Japan encyclopedia'', p. 422.]</ref>

==See also==
*[[Wadōkaichin]]


==Notes==
==Notes==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Reflist}}


==References==
==References==
* Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). [https://books.google.com/books?id=w4f5FrmIJKIC&q=Gukansho ''Gukanshō: The Future and the Past.''] Berkeley: University of California Press. {{ISBN|978-0-520-03460-0}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/251325323 OCLC 251325323]
{{refbegin}}
* Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC ''Japan encyclopedia.''] Cambridge: [[Harvard University Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-674-01753-5}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/58053128?referer=di&ht=edition OCLC 58053128]
* Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). [ [[Jien]], 1221], ''[[Gukanshō]] (The Future and the Past, a translation and study of the Gukanshō, an interpretative history of Japan written in 1219).'' Berkeley: [[University of California Press]]. ISBN 0-520-03460-0
* [[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh]], Isaac, ed. (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/[[Hayashi Gahō]], 1652], ''[[Nipon o daï itsi ran]]; ou, [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran Annales des empereurs du Japon.''] Paris: [[Royal Asiatic Society|Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland]].
* [[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh, Isaac.]] (1834). ''[[Nihon Odai Ichiran]]''; ou, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&q=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran ''Annales des empereurs du Japon.''] Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5850691 OCLC 5850691]
* Varley, H. Paul , ed. (1980). [ [[Kitabatake Chikafusa]], 1359], ''[[Jinnō Shōtōki]] ("A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa" translated by H. Paul Varley).'' New York: [[Columbia University Press]]. ISBN 0-231-04940-4
* [[H. Paul Varley|Varley, H. Paul]]. (1980). ''A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa.'' New York: [[Columbia University Press]]. {{ISBN|9780231049405}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/6042764 OCLC 6042764]
{{refend}}


====External links====
==External links==
* [[National Diet Library]], "The Japanese Calendar" [http://www.ndl.go.jp/koyomi/e/ -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection]
* [[National Diet Library]], "The Japanese Calendar" [http://www.ndl.go.jp/koyomi/e/ -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection]


{{s-start}}
<center>
{{succession box
{| border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"
⚫
| before =[[Tenpyō-jingo]]
|----- style="font-weight:bold;background-color:#CCCCCC;color:#000000;text-align:right"
⚫
| title = [[Japanese era name|Era or ''nengō'']]<br>Jingo-keiun
| Jingo-keiun || 1st || 2nd || 3rd || 4th
| after =[[Hōki]]
|----- style="background-color:#FFFFFF;"
| years = 767–770
| [[Gregorian Calendar|Gregorian]] || [[767]] || [[768]] || [[769]] || [[770]]
|}
}}
{{s-end}}

<center>
{| border ="1"
|-----
| width ="30%" align ="center" |
⚫
Preceded by:<br>''[[Tenpyō-jingo]]''
| width ="40%" align ="center" |
⚫
'''[[Japanese era name|Era or ''nengō'']]''':<br>[[Jingo-keiun]]
| width ="30%" align ="center" |
Succeeded by:<br>''[[Hōki]]''
|}


{{Japanese era name}}
{{Japanese era name}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Jingo-keiun}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jingo-Keiun}}
[[Category:Japanese eras]]
[[Category:Japanese eras]]
[[Category:760s in Japan]]

[[Category:770s in Japan]]

[[Category:767 beginnings]]
{{Japan-era-stub}}
[[Category:770 endings]]

[[es:Jingo-keiun]]
[[ko:진고케이운]]
[[id:Jingo-keiun]]
[[ia:Jingo-keiun]]
[[ja:神護景雲]]
[[uk:Дзінґо Кей'ун]]
[[zh:神護景雲]]

Latest revision as of 19:53, 3 July 2024

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Jingo-keiun (神護景雲) was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō, "year name") after Tenpyō-jingo and before Hōki. This period spanned the years from August 767 through October 770.[1] The reigning empress was Empress Shōtoku-tennō (称徳天皇). This was the same woman who had reigned previously as the former Kōken-tennō (孝謙天皇).[2]

Change of era

[edit]
  • 767 Jingo-keiun gannen (神護景雲元年): The new era name was created to mark an event or series of events. The previous era ended and the new one commenced in Tenpyō-jingo 3, on the 18th day of the 8th month of 767.[3]

Events of the Jingo-keiun era

[edit]
  • 8 September 769 (Jingo-keiun 3, 4th day of the 8th month): In the 5th year of Shōtoku-tennō's reign (称徳天皇5年), the empress died; and she designated Senior Counselor Prince Shirakabe as her heir.[4]
  • 770 (Jingo-keiun 3, 4th day of the 8th month): The succession (senso) was received by a 62-year-old grandson of Emperor Tenji.[5]
  • 770 (Jingo-keiun 3, 1st day of the 10th month): Emperor Kōnin was said to have acceded to the throne (sokui) in a formal ceremony;and the nengō was changed to Hōki on the very same day.[6]

The Jingō-kaihō' was a copper coin issued from 765 to 796. It had a diameter of about 23 mm and a weight of between 3.4 and 4.5 grams.[7]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Jingo-keiun" in Japan encyclopedia, p. 422; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, see Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File Archived 2012-05-24 at archive.today.
  2. ^ Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon, pp. 78-81; Brown, Delmer et al. (1979). Gukanshō, pp. 274-276; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki. p. 143-147.
  3. ^ Brown, p. 276.
  4. ^ Brown, pp. 276-277.
  5. ^ Brown, p. 276; Varley, p. 44, 148; a distinct act of senso is unrecognized prior to Emperor Tenji; and all sovereigns except Jitō, Yōzei, Go-Toba, and Fushimi have senso and sokui in the same year until the reign of Emperor Go-Murakami.
  6. ^ Titsingh, p. 81; Brown, p. 277; Varley, p. 44, 148.
  7. ^ Nussbaum, "Jingō-kaihō" in Japan encyclopedia, p. 422.

References

[edit]
  • Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). Gukanshō: The Future and the Past. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-03460-0; OCLC 251325323
  • Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 58053128
  • Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Odai Ichiran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691
  • Varley, H. Paul. (1980). A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231049405; OCLC 6042764
[edit]
Preceded by Era or nengō
Jingo-keiun
767–770 		Succeeded by
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