Alexander Stewart (1699–1781): Difference between revisions

Alexander Stewart
Alexander Stewart
Born	1699 or 1700; Ireland
Died	2 April 1781 (aged c. 81)
Political party	Whig
Spouse	Mary Cowan (m. 1737)
Children	Robert, Alexander, 3 other sons and 2 daughters
Parent	William Stewart

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Alexander Stewart (1699 or 1700 – 2 April 1781) was an Irish landowner who grew rich by inheriting a fortune from Robert Cowan, a former governor of Bombay. His son Robert became the 1st Marquess of Londonderry.

Birth and origins[edit]

Alexander was born in 1699^[1] or 1700^[2] at Ballylawn Castle,^[3] near Manorcunningham in County Donegal. He was the second son of William Stewart and his wife. His father had his lands consolidated by Charles I under the name of Stewart's Court,^[4] raised a Williamite troop of horse in the run-up to the Siege of Derry^[5] and was therefore known as Colonel William Stewart.^[6]

Alexander's grandfather is not known by name, but Alexander was a great-grandson of Charles Stewart, whose father John^[7]^[8] was given land at Ballylawn in County Donegal in the plantation of Ulster, built Ballylawn Castle on that land, and held fishing rights in Lough Swilly.^[9]^[10]^[a] John Stewart is likely to have been a younger son of the Stewarts of Garlies in Galloway, Scotland.^[8]

Alexander's mother, whose first name is unknown, was a daughter of William Stewart of Fort Stewart, near Ramelton, County Donegal.^[14] The Stewart family background was Scots-Irish and Presbyterian.

He appears below as the younger of two brothers:

Thomas (died 1740), inherited Ballylawn and pursued a military career but died childless in 1740^[15]
Alexander (1699–1781)

Family tree

Alexander Stewart with wife and other selected relatives.^[b]

John
Stewart
d. c. 1650

Charles
Stewart

?

William
Stewart
Colonel

John
Cowan
Alderman
of Derry

Thomas
d. 1740
Captain

Alexander
1699–1781

Mary
Cowan
d. 1788

Robert
Cowan
d. 1737
Bombay
Governor

Sarah
Frances
Seymour-
Conway
1747–1770

Robert
1st
Marquess
1739–1821

Frances
Pratt
c. 1751 –
1833

Alexander
of Ards
1746–1831

Robert
2nd
Marquess
1769–1822
Castlereagh

Charles
3rd
Marquess
1778–1854

Legend

XXX

Subject of
the article

XXX

Robert
Cowan

XXX

Marquesses of
Londonderry

Early life[edit]

Alexander, as a younger son, went into commerce with an apprenticeship at Belfast and became a successful merchant in the Baltic trade.^[16] He also became an elder in the First Presbyterian Church in Rosemary Street, Belfast.^[17] During his residence in Belfast he became a convinced Whig, in line with the general reformist sentiment of the Presbyterian town.^[18]

Marriage and children[edit]

Alexander Stewart married on 30 June 1737 in Dublin a cousin, Mary Cowan,^[19]^[20] daughter of John Cowan, alderman of Londonderry and his wife Anne Stewart, daughter of Alexander Stewart of Ballylawn, and sister of the former Governor of Bombay, Robert Cowan, who had died on 21 February 1737 in London.

Alexander and Mary had seven children:

Anne (1738–1781)^[21]
Robert (1739–1821), became the 1st Marquess of Londonderry^[22]
William (1741–1742)^[23]
Francis (born 1742)^[24]
John (1744–1762)^[25]
Alexander (1746–1831), married Mary Moore, the 3rd daughter of the 1st Marquess of Drogheda^[26]
Mary (born 1747), died young^[27]

Brother's death and succession[edit]

In 1740, his elder brother Thomas died and Alexander inherited the Ballylawn estate.

Cowan inheritance[edit]

He then acquired the rights to Robert Cowan's substantial estate. Being now rich, Stewart retired from business in 1743, and used the money from the Cowan inheritance to become a substantial landowner in County Down by buying estates at Comber and Newtownards in 1744.^[28]^[29]

Mount Stewart[edit]

Around 1750, Alexander Stewart rebuilt a house called Mount Pleasant on his estate near Newtownards and renamed it Mount Stewart.^[30] In 1780, Stewart commissioned the Temple of the Winds at Mount Stewart from James "Athenian" Stuart. This is an octagonal neo-classical building that was completed by his son Robert after his death.^[31]

In 1755, he was left the property of William Bruce, a Dublin bookseller from Killyleagh, which he divided between Bruce's relations.^[32]

In politics[edit]

In 1759, the member of the Parliament of Ireland for the city of Londonderry, William Scott, was raised to the bench. Initially, William Hamilton was elected to succeed him, but the election was declared void. Alexander Stewart was returned in his place in April 1760, but he was also declared not duly elected. Eventually Hamilton represented the constituency from May 1760 until his death later that year.^[33]

Death and timeline[edit]

Stewart died on 2 April 1781 and was succeeded by his eldest son Robert.^[34]^[35] The Stewart family papers are preserved in the Public Record Office of Northern Ireland.^[36]

Timeline
Age	Date	Event
0	1699	Born^[1]
14–15	1714, 1 Aug	Accession of King George I, succeeding Queen Anne^[37]
27–28	1727, 11 Jun	Accession of King George II, succeeding King George I^[38]
37–38	1737, 30 Jun	Married Mary Cowan^[20]
43–44	1743	Bought 60 townlands in County Down^[28]
60–61	1760, 25 Oct	Accession of King George III, succeeding King George II^[39]
81–82	1781, 2 Apr	Died^[34]

Notes and references[edit]

Notes[edit]

^ There are two townlands called Ballylawn in county Donegal: one in Raymoghie Parish, Raphoe Barony, near Manorcunningham;^[11] the other in Moville Upper Parish, Inishowen East Barony.^[12] The castle stood in the one near Manorcunningham, but Bew in error placed it near Moville.^[13]
^ Also see the lists of siblings and children in the text.

Citations[edit]

^ ^a ^b Burke 1869, p. 704, left column, line 8. "Alexander Stewart, Esq., of Mount Stuart, County Down, M.P. for Londonderry, b. 1699 ..."
^ Debrett 1828, p. 634, line 31. "Alexander b. [born] 1700, who represented the city of Londonderry in parliament and purchased ..."
^ Hyde 1933, p. 9. "Alexander Stewart, Castlereagh's paternal grandfather, was born at Ballylawn in 1700."
^ Debrett 1828, p. 634, line 9. "William Stewart, of Ballylawn-castle, County Donegal, esq., who gad a grant from Charles I of the manor of Stewart's Court ..."
^ Bew 2012, p. 6, last line. "His son, Colonel William Stewart, had raised a troop of horse during the siege of Londonderry by James II in 1689 ...
^ Graham 1841, p. 292. "He raised a troop of horse at his own expense for the defence of Londonderry in 1689."
^ Burke 1869, p. 704, left column, line 3. "John Stewart, Esq., of Ballylawn Castle (the first of the family that settled in Ireland), received a grant of land from James I., in the County Donegal and was s. [succeeded] by his eldest son Charles Stewart, Esq., whose great-grandson Alexander of Mount Stewart ..."
^ ^a ^b Johnston 1906, p. 80. "Alexander Stewart of Ballylawn and Mount Stewart, great-great-grandson of John Stewart of Ballylawn castle said to be a cadet of Garlies ..."
^ Hyde 1933, p. 7. "... built a castle on the estate, which he called Stewart's Court and exercised the manorial rights of free fishing in Lough Swilly ..."
^ Philips. "It [Ballylawn Castle] was the residence of Lord Londonderry."
^ Raymoghy. ""
^ Castlecary. ""
^ Bew 2012, p. 6, penultimate line. "In fact his [i.e. Castlereagh's] Irish ancestors could be firmly traced back a further three generations to the Plantation of Ireland in the mid-sixteenth century, during which time Alexander's grandfather (known as Alexander Macaulay) obtained a plot of land at Ballylawn, near the town of Moville in County Donegal, in the north-west of Ireland."
^ Debrett 1828, p. 634, line 20. "... he [William Stewart] m. [married] the da. [daughter] of William Stewart of Fort Stewart, County Donegal ..."
^ Debrett 1828, p. 634, line 26. "Thomas, the eldest, succeeded at Ballylawn Castle and served as captain in Mountjoy's regiment; m. [married] Mary 2nd da. [daughter] of Bernard Ward, esq., (ancestor of the viscounts Bangor) by Mary sister of Michael Ward, bishop of Derry, and d. without issue, 1740, was succeeded by his only brother ..."
^ Bew 2012, p. 7, line 4. "As a young man he served an apprenticeship in a trading house in the port of Belfast ..."
^ Bew 2012, p. 9, line 13. "Alexander Stewart was also an elder in Belfast's First Presbyterian Church ..."
^ Hyde 1933, p. 9, line 27"During his residence in Belfast he became a convinced whig ..."
^ Hyde 1933, p. 11, Note 1. "they were married in Dublin (June 30, 1737) ..."
^ ^a ^b Bew 2012, p. 7, line 10. "The family's financial fortunes were given a significant boost when Alexander married his cousin Mary Cowan on 30 June 1737."
^ Debrett 1828, p. 634, line 51. "Anne, b. [born] 27 Sept. 1738, d. [died] 21 April 1781."
^ Debrett 1828, p. 634, line 39. "Robert, first marquess."
^ Debrett 1828, p. 634, line 40. "William, b. [born] 11 April 1741, d. [died] in 1742."
^ Debrett 1828, p. 634, line 52. "Francis, b. [born] 26 Oct. 1742."
^ Debrett 1828, p. 634, line 41. "William, b. [born] 3 July 1744, d. [died] 1762."
^ Debrett 1828, p. 634, line 42. "4. Alexander, b. [born] 26 March 1746, m. [married] 2 Oct. 1791, Mary Moore, 3d da. [daughter] of Charles, marquess of Drogheda (by Anne, eldest da. of Francis Seymour, 1st marquess of Hertford,) and d. [died] Aug. 1831 ..."
^ Debrett 1828, p. 634, line 53. "Mary, b. [born] 15 April 1747, d. [died] young."
^ ^a ^b Bew 2012, p. 7, line 16. "Alexander retired from business and bought into the landed gentry in 1743, with the acquisition of sixty townlands and a large estate in County Down ..."
^ Watt. "Her trustees invested, in 1744, a portion of her fortune thought to be in the region of £42000, consisting of East India Company Stock, in 'two extensive manors in County Down, Newtownards and Comber, comprising in all sixty townships, which were for sale and might be expected to yield a satisfactory return on capital investment'."
^ Bew 2012, p. 7, line 21. "The family home which was built on the grounds was called Mount Stewart, an adaptation from the locations's former name, Mount Pleasant ..."
^ Bew 2012, p. 7, line 29. "... the Temple of the Winds, an octagonal neo-classical building commissioned by Alexander Stewart."
^ Benson 2004, p. 336. "He left his property to Alexander Stewart of Newtownards, County Down, the father of the first marquess of Londonderry, for distribution to his relatives."
^ House of Commons 1878, p. 659. "William Hamilton, esq., in place of William Scott, Justice of the King's Bench."
^ ^a ^b Debrett 1828, p. 634. "... [Alexander Stewart] d. [died] 2 April 1781 ..."
^ Burke 1869, p. 704, left column, line 40. "He was s. [succeeded] at his decease, in 1781, by his eldest son, the right Hon. Robert Stewart ..."
^ PRONI.
^ Fryde et al. 1986, p. 45, line 38. "George I … acc. 1 Aug. 1714;"
^ Fryde et al. 1986, p. 46, line 11. "George II … acc. 11 Jun. 1727;"
^ Fryde et al. 1986, p. 46, line 35. "George III … acc. 25 Oct. 1760;"

Sources[edit]

Benson, C. J. (2004). "Bruce, William (1702–1755)". In Matthew, Henry Colin Gray.; Harrison, Brian (eds.). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 8. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 336. ISBN 0-19-861411-X.
Bew, John (2012). Castlereagh: A Life. London: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-993159-0. – (Snippet view)
Burke, Bernard (1869). A Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage of the British Empire (31st ed.). London: Harrison. OCLC 1045624502. – The 31st Edition gives Stewarts as ancestors whereas the 99th Edition gives Tempests and Vanes.
Debrett, John (1828). Peerage of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Vol. II (17th ed.). London: F. C. and J. Rivington. OCLC 54499602. – Scotland and Ireland
Fryde, Edmund Boleslaw; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I., eds. (1986). Handbook of British Chronology. Royal Historical Society Guides and Handbooks, No. 2 (3rd ed.). London: Offices of the Royal Historical Society. ISBN 0-86193-106-8. – (for timeline)
Graham, Rev. John (1841). Ireland Preserved; or the Siege of Londonderry and the Battle of Aughrim with Lyrical Poetry and Biographical Notes (2nd ed.). Dublin: Hardy and Walker. OCLC 00992682. – Short biographies in the biographical notes
House of Commons (1878). Return. Members of Parliament – Part II. Parliaments of Great Britain, 1705–1796. Parliaments of the United Kingdom, 1801–1874. Parliaments and Conventions of the Estates of Scotland, 1357–1707. Parliaments of Ireland, 1599–1800. London: His/Her Majesty's Stationery Office. OCLC 13112546.
Hyde, H. Montgomery (1933). The Rise of Castlereagh. London: MacMillan. OCLC 1041306416.
Johnston, G. Harvey (1906). The Heraldry of the Stewarts. Edinburgh: W. & A. K. Johnston. OCLC 186630114.
Philips, M. "The Schools' Collection". Dúchas. National Folklore Foundation, University College Dublin.
"Ballylawn Townland, near Manorcunningham, Co. Donegal". Irish Townlands. Irish OpenStreetMap Community. Retrieved 8 September 2018.
"Ballylawn Townland, near Moville, Co. Donegal". Irish Townlands. Irish OpenStreetMap Community. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
Watt, Dr Neil. "Mary Cowan".
"Vane-Tempest-Stewart family, Marquesses of Londonderry". Retrieved 8 September 2018.

[14] There are two townlands called Ballylawn in county Donegal: one in Raymoghie Parish, Raphoe Barony, near Manorcunningham;^[11] the other in Moville Upper Parish, Inishowen East Barony.^[12] The castle stood in the one near Manorcunningham, but Bew in error placed it near Moville.^[13]

[17] Also see the lists of siblings and children in the text.

[FOOTNOTEBurke1869[httpsarchiveorgdetailsgenealogicalhera00inburkpage704_704,_left_column,_line_8]-1] Burke 1869, p. 704, left column, line 8. "Alexander Stewart, Esq., of Mount Stuart, County Down, M.P. for Londonderry, b. 1699 ..."

[FOOTNOTEDebrett1828[httpsarchiveorgdetailsdebrettspeerage01debrgoogpagen212_634,_line_31]-2] Debrett 1828, p. 634, line 31. "Alexander b. [born] 1700, who represented the city of Londonderry in parliament and purchased ..."

[FOOTNOTEHyde1933[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinernetdli201577199pagen31_9]-3] Hyde 1933, p. 9. "Alexander Stewart, Castlereagh's paternal grandfather, was born at Ballylawn in 1700."

[FOOTNOTEDebrett1828[httpsarchiveorgdetailsdebrettspeerage01debrgoogpagen212_634,_line_9]-4] Debrett 1828, p. 634, line 9. "William Stewart, of Ballylawn-castle, County Donegal, esq., who gad a grant from Charles I of the manor of Stewart's Court ..."

[FOOTNOTEBew2012[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidDyTg672rGTMCpgPA6_6,_last_line]-5] Bew 2012, p. 6, last line. "His son, Colonel William Stewart, had raised a troop of horse during the siege of Londonderry by James II in 1689 ...

[FOOTNOTEGraham1841[httpsarchiveorgdetailsirelandpreserve00ashtgoogpagen315_292]-6] Graham 1841, p. 292. "He raised a troop of horse at his own expense for the defence of Londonderry in 1689."

[FOOTNOTEBurke1869[httpsarchiveorgdetailsgenealogicalhera00inburkpage704_704,_left_column,_line_3]-7] Burke 1869, p. 704, left column, line 3. "John Stewart, Esq., of Ballylawn Castle (the first of the family that settled in Ireland), received a grant of land from James I., in the County Donegal and was s. [succeeded] by his eldest son Charles Stewart, Esq., whose great-grandson Alexander of Mount Stewart ..."

[FOOTNOTEJohnston1906[httpsderivnlsukdcn2395589558718823pdf_80]-8] Johnston 1906, p. 80. "Alexander Stewart of Ballylawn and Mount Stewart, great-great-grandson of John Stewart of Ballylawn castle said to be a cadet of Garlies ..."

[FOOTNOTEHyde1933[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinernetdli201577199pagen29_7]-9] Hyde 1933, p. 7. "... built a castle on the estate, which he called Stewart's Court and exercised the manorial rights of free fishing in Lough Swilly ..."

[FOOTNOTEPhilips-10] Philips. "It [Ballylawn Castle] was the residence of Lord Londonderry."

[FOOTNOTERaymoghy-11] Raymoghy. ""

[FOOTNOTECastlecary-12] Castlecary. ""

[FOOTNOTEBew2012[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidDyTg672rGTMCpgPA6_6,_penultimate_line]-13] Bew 2012, p. 6, penultimate line. "In fact his [i.e. Castlereagh's] Irish ancestors could be firmly traced back a further three generations to the Plantation of Ireland in the mid-sixteenth century, during which time Alexander's grandfather (known as Alexander Macaulay) obtained a plot of land at Ballylawn, near the town of Moville in County Donegal, in the north-west of Ireland."

[FOOTNOTEDebrett1828[httpsarchiveorgdetailsdebrettspeerage01debrgoogpagen212_634,_line_20]-15] Debrett 1828, p. 634, line 20. "... he [William Stewart] m. [married] the da. [daughter] of William Stewart of Fort Stewart, County Donegal ..."

[FOOTNOTEDebrett1828[httpsarchiveorgdetailsdebrettspeerage01debrgoogpagen212_634,_line_26]-16] Debrett 1828, p. 634, line 26. "Thomas, the eldest, succeeded at Ballylawn Castle and served as captain in Mountjoy's regiment; m. [married] Mary 2nd da. [daughter] of Bernard Ward, esq., (ancestor of the viscounts Bangor) by Mary sister of Michael Ward, bishop of Derry, and d. without issue, 1740, was succeeded by his only brother ..."

[FOOTNOTEBew2012[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidDyTg672rGTMCpgPA7_7,_line_4]-18] Bew 2012, p. 7, line 4. "As a young man he served an apprenticeship in a trading house in the port of Belfast ..."

[FOOTNOTEBew2012[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidDyTg672rGTMCpgPA9_9,_line_13]-19] Bew 2012, p. 9, line 13. "Alexander Stewart was also an elder in Belfast's First Presbyterian Church ..."

[FOOTNOTEHyde1933[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinernetdli201577199pagen31_9,_line_27]-20] Hyde 1933, p. 9, line 27"During his residence in Belfast he became a convinced whig ..."

[FOOTNOTEHyde1933[httpsarchiveorgdetailsinernetdli201577199pagen33_11,_Note_1]-21] Hyde 1933, p. 11, Note 1. "they were married in Dublin (June 30, 1737) ..."

[FOOTNOTEBew2012[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidDyTg672rGTMCpgPA7_7,_line_10]-22] Bew 2012, p. 7, line 10. "The family's financial fortunes were given a significant boost when Alexander married his cousin Mary Cowan on 30 June 1737."

[FOOTNOTEDebrett1828[httpsarchiveorgdetailsdebrettspeerage01debrgoogpagen212_634,_line_51]-23] Debrett 1828, p. 634, line 51. "Anne, b. [born] 27 Sept. 1738, d. [died] 21 April 1781."

[FOOTNOTEDebrett1828[httpsarchiveorgdetailsdebrettspeerage01debrgoogpagen212_634,_line_39]-24] Debrett 1828, p. 634, line 39. "Robert, first marquess."

[FOOTNOTEDebrett1828[httpsarchiveorgdetailsdebrettspeerage01debrgoogpagen212_634,_line_40]-25] Debrett 1828, p. 634, line 40. "William, b. [born] 11 April 1741, d. [died] in 1742."

[FOOTNOTEDebrett1828[httpsarchiveorgdetailsdebrettspeerage01debrgoogpagen212_634,_line_52]-26] Debrett 1828, p. 634, line 52. "Francis, b. [born] 26 Oct. 1742."

[FOOTNOTEDebrett1828[httpsarchiveorgdetailsdebrettspeerage01debrgoogpagen212_634,_line_41]-27] Debrett 1828, p. 634, line 41. "William, b. [born] 3 July 1744, d. [died] 1762."

[FOOTNOTEDebrett1828[httpsarchiveorgdetailsdebrettspeerage01debrgoogpagen212_634,_line_42]-28] Debrett 1828, p. 634, line 42. "4. Alexander, b. [born] 26 March 1746, m. [married] 2 Oct. 1791, Mary Moore, 3d da. [daughter] of Charles, marquess of Drogheda (by Anne, eldest da. of Francis Seymour, 1st marquess of Hertford,) and d. [died] Aug. 1831 ..."

[FOOTNOTEDebrett1828[httpsarchiveorgdetailsdebrettspeerage01debrgoogpagen212_634,_line_53]-29] Debrett 1828, p. 634, line 53. "Mary, b. [born] 15 April 1747, d. [died] young."

[FOOTNOTEBew2012[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidDyTg672rGTMCpgPA7_7,_line_16]-30] Bew 2012, p. 7, line 16. "Alexander retired from business and bought into the landed gentry in 1743, with the acquisition of sixty townlands and a large estate in County Down ..."

[FOOTNOTEWatt-31] Watt. "Her trustees invested, in 1744, a portion of her fortune thought to be in the region of £42000, consisting of East India Company Stock, in 'two extensive manors in County Down, Newtownards and Comber, comprising in all sixty townships, which were for sale and might be expected to yield a satisfactory return on capital investment'."

[FOOTNOTEBew2012[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidDyTg672rGTMCpgPA7_7,_line_21]-32] Bew 2012, p. 7, line 21. "The family home which was built on the grounds was called Mount Stewart, an adaptation from the locations's former name, Mount Pleasant ..."

[FOOTNOTEBew2012[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidDyTg672rGTMCpgPA7_7,_line_29]-33] Bew 2012, p. 7, line 29. "... the Temple of the Winds, an octagonal neo-classical building commissioned by Alexander Stewart."

[FOOTNOTEBenson2004[httpsarchiveorgdetailsoxforddictionary08mattpage336_336]-34] Benson 2004, p. 336. "He left his property to Alexander Stewart of Newtownards, County Down, the father of the first marquess of Londonderry, for distribution to his relatives."

[FOOTNOTEHouse_of_Commons1878[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidL1ETAAAAYAAJpg659_659]-35] House of Commons 1878, p. 659. "William Hamilton, esq., in place of William Scott, Justice of the King's Bench."

[FOOTNOTEDebrett1828[httpsarchiveorgdetailsdebrettspeerage01debrgoogpagen212_634]-36] Debrett 1828, p. 634. "... [Alexander Stewart] d. [died] 2 April 1781 ..."

[FOOTNOTEBurke1869[httpsarchiveorgdetailsgenealogicalhera00inburkpage704_704,_left_column,_line_40]-37] Burke 1869, p. 704, left column, line 40. "He was s. [succeeded] at his decease, in 1781, by his eldest son, the right Hon. Robert Stewart ..."

[FOOTNOTEPRONI-38] PRONI.

[FOOTNOTEFrydeGreenwayPorterRoy1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailshandbookofbritis0000unsepage45_45,_line_38]-39] Fryde et al. 1986, p. 45, line 38. "George I … acc. 1 Aug. 1714;"

[FOOTNOTEFrydeGreenwayPorterRoy1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailshandbookofbritis0000unsepage46_46,_line_11]-40] Fryde et al. 1986, p. 46, line 11. "George II … acc. 11 Jun. 1727;"

[FOOTNOTEFrydeGreenwayPorterRoy1986[httpsarchiveorgdetailshandbookofbritis0000unsepage46_46,_line_35]-41] Fryde et al. 1986, p. 46, line 35. "George III … acc. 25 Oct. 1760;"

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@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 {{Use British English|date=December 2019}}
 {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
+{{Use shortened footnotes|date=April 2023}}
 {{Infobox person
-| name        = Alexander Stewart
+| name               = Alexander Stewart
-| image       = Alexander Stewart of Ballylawn.jpg <!-- 1720s portrait -->
+| image              = Alexander Stewart of Ballylawn.jpg <!-- 1720s portrait -->
+| party              = [[Whigs (British political party)|Whig]]
-| spouse      = Mary Cowan
+| spouse             = {{marriage |Mary Cowan|1737}}
-| children    = [[Robert Stewart, 1st Marquess of Londonderry|Robert]], [[Alexander Stewart (1746–1831)|Alexander]], & others
+| children           = [[Robert Stewart, 1st Marquess of Londonderry|Robert]], [[Alexander Stewart (1746–1831)|Alexander]], 3 other sons and 2 daughters
-| father      = William Stewart
+| parents            = William Stewart
-| birth_date  = 1699
+| birth_date         = 1699 or 1700
-| birth_place = Ballylawn Castle
+| birth_place        = [[Kingdom of Ireland|Ireland]]
-| death_date  = 2 April 1781
+| death_date         = 2 April 1781 (aged {{circa}} 81)
 }}
-'''Alexander Stewart''' (1699–1781) was an Irish landowner who grew rich by inheriting a fortune from [[Robert Cowan (governor)|Robert Cowan]], a former governor of [[Bombay]]. His son [[Robert Stewart, 1st Marquess of Londonderry|Robert]] became the 1st [[Marquess of Londonderry]].
+'''Alexander Stewart''' (1699 or 1700 – 2 April 1781) was an Irish landowner who grew rich by inheriting a fortune from [[Robert Cowan (governor)|Robert Cowan]], a former governor of [[Bombay]]. His son [[Robert Stewart, 1st Marquess of Londonderry|Robert]] became the 1st [[Marquess of Londonderry]].
 == Birth and origins ==
-Alexander was born in 1699{{Sfn|Burke|1869|p=[https://archive.org/details/genealogicalhera00inburk/page/704 704, left column, line 8]|ps=. "Alexander Stewart, Esq., of Mount Stuart, co. Down, M.P. for Londonderry, b. 1699&nbsp;..."}} or 1700{{Sfn|Debrett|1828|p=[https://archive.org/details/debrettspeerage01debrgoog/page/n212 634, line 31]|ps=. "Alexander b. [born] 1700, who represented the city of Londonderry in parliament and purchased&nbsp;..."}} at Ballylawn Castle,{{Sfn|Hyde|1933|p=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.77199/page/n31/ 9]|ps=. "Alexander Stewart, Castlereagh's paternal grandfather, was born at Ballylawn in 1700."}} near [[Manorcunningham]] in County Donegal. He was the second son of William Stewart and his wife. His father had his lands consolidated by Charles&nbsp;I under the name of Stewart's Court,{{Sfn|Debrett|1828|p=[https://archive.org/details/debrettspeerage01debrgoog/page/n212 634, line 9]|ps=. "William Stewart, of Ballylawn-castle, co. Donegal, esq., who gad a grant  from Charles&nbsp;I of the manor of Stewart's Court&nbsp;..."}} raised a [[Williamite]] troop of horse in the run-up to the [[Siege of Derry]]{{Sfn|Bew|2012|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=DyTg672rGTMC&pg=PA6 6, last line]|ps=. "His son, Colonel William Stewart, had raised a troop of horse during the siege of Londonderry by James&nbsp;II in 1689&nbsp;...}} and was therefore known as Colonel William Stewart.{{Sfn|Graham|1841|p=[https://archive.org/details/irelandpreserve00ashtgoog/page/n315/ 292]|ps=. "He raised a troop of horse at his own expense for the defence of Londonderry in 1689."}}
+Alexander was born in 1699{{Sfn|Burke|1869|p=[https://archive.org/details/genealogicalhera00inburk/page/704 704, left column, line 8]|ps=. "Alexander Stewart, Esq., of Mount Stuart, County Down, M.P. for Londonderry, b. 1699&nbsp;..."}} or 1700{{Sfn|Debrett|1828|p=[https://archive.org/details/debrettspeerage01debrgoog/page/n212 634, line 31]|ps=. "Alexander b. [born] 1700, who represented the city of Londonderry in parliament and purchased&nbsp;..."}} at Ballylawn Castle,{{Sfn|Hyde|1933|p=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.77199/page/n31/ 9]|ps=. "Alexander Stewart, Castlereagh's paternal grandfather, was born at Ballylawn in 1700."}} near [[Manorcunningham]] in County Donegal. He was the second son of William Stewart and his wife. His father had his lands consolidated by Charles&nbsp;I under the name of Stewart's Court,{{Sfn|Debrett|1828|p=[https://archive.org/details/debrettspeerage01debrgoog/page/n212 634, line 9]|ps=. "William Stewart, of Ballylawn-castle, County Donegal, esq., who gad a grant  from Charles&nbsp;I of the manor of Stewart's Court&nbsp;..."}} raised a [[Williamite]] troop of horse in the run-up to the [[Siege of Derry]]{{Sfn|Bew|2012|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=DyTg672rGTMC&pg=PA6 6, last line]|ps=. "His son, Colonel William Stewart, had raised a troop of horse during the siege of Londonderry by James&nbsp;II in 1689&nbsp;...}} and was therefore known as Colonel William Stewart.{{Sfn|Graham|1841|p=[https://archive.org/details/irelandpreserve00ashtgoog/page/n315/ 292]|ps=. "He raised a troop of horse at his own expense for the defence of Londonderry in 1689."}}
-Alexander's grandfather is not known by name, but Alexander was a great-grandson of Charles Stewart, whose father John{{Sfn|Burke|1869|p=[https://archive.org/details/genealogicalhera00inburk/page/704 704, left column, line 3]|ps=. "John Stewart, Esq., of Ballylawn Castle (the first of the family that settled in Ireland), received a grant of land from James&nbsp;I., in the co. Donegal and was s. by his eldest son Charles Stewart, Esq., whose great-grandson Alexander of Mount Stewart&nbsp;..."}}{{Sfn|Johnston|1906|p=[https://deriv.nls.uk/dcn23/9558/95587188.23.pdf 80]|ps=. "Alexander Stewart of Ballylawn and Mount Stewart, great-great-grandson of John Stewart of Ballylawn castle said to be a cadet of Garlies&nbsp;..."}} was given land at Ballylawn in County Donegal in the plantation of Ulster, built Ballylawn Castle on that land, and held fishing rights in Lough Swilly.{{Sfn|Hyde|1933|p=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.77199/page/n29/ 7]|ps=. "...&nbsp;built a castle on the estate, which he called Stewart's Court and exercised the manorial rights of free fishing in Lough Swilly&nbsp;..."}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4493734/4415074/4529491|title = Local Ruins}}</ref>{{Efn|There are two townlands called Ballylawn in county Donegal: one in Raymoghie Parish, Raphoe Barony, near [[Manorcunningham]];<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.townlands.ie/donegal/raphoe-north/raymoghy/manorcunningham/ballylawn/ |title=Ballylawn Townland, near Manorcunningham, Co. Donegal |accessdate=8 September 2018}}</ref> the other in Moville Upper Parish, [[Inishowen East]] Barony.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.townlands.ie/donegal/inishowen-east/moville-upper/castlecary/ballylawn/ |title=Ballylawn Townland, near Moville, Co. Donegal |accessdate=3 March 2019}}</ref> The castle stood in the one near Manorcunningham, but [[John Bew (historian)|Bew]] by error placed it near Moville.{{Sfn|Bew|2012|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=DyTg672rGTMC&pg=PA6 6, penultimate line]|ps=. "In fact his [i.e. Castlereagh's] Irish ancestors could be firmly traced back a further three generations to the Plantation of Ireland in the mid-sixteenth century, during which time Alexander's grandfather (known as Alexander Macaulay) obtained a plot of land at Ballylawn, near the town of Moville in County Donegal, in the north-west of Ireland."}}}} John Stewart is likely to have been a younger son of the Stewarts of Garlies in Galloway, Scotland.<ref name="FOOTNOTEJohnston1906[httpsderivnlsukdcn2395589558718823pdf 80]"/>
+Alexander's grandfather is not known by name, but Alexander was a great-grandson of Charles Stewart, whose father John{{Sfn|Burke|1869|p=[https://archive.org/details/genealogicalhera00inburk/page/704 704, left column, line 3]|ps=. "John Stewart, Esq., of Ballylawn Castle (the first of the family that settled in Ireland), received a grant of land from James&nbsp;I., in the County Donegal and was s. [succeeded] by his eldest son Charles Stewart, Esq., whose great-grandson Alexander of Mount Stewart&nbsp;..."}}{{Sfn|Johnston|1906|p=[https://deriv.nls.uk/dcn23/9558/95587188.23.pdf 80]|ps=. "Alexander Stewart of Ballylawn and Mount Stewart, great-great-grandson of John Stewart of Ballylawn castle said to be a cadet of Garlies&nbsp;..."}} was given land at Ballylawn in County Donegal in the plantation of Ulster, built Ballylawn Castle on that land, and held fishing rights in Lough Swilly.{{Sfn|Hyde|1933|p=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.77199/page/n29/ 7]|ps=. "...&nbsp;built a castle on the estate, which he called Stewart's Court and exercised the manorial rights of free fishing in Lough Swilly&nbsp;..."}}{{Sfn|Philips|ps=. "It [Ballylawn Castle] was the residence of Lord Londonderry."}}{{Efn|There are two townlands called Ballylawn in county Donegal: one in Raymoghie Parish, Raphoe Barony, near [[Manorcunningham]];{{Sfn|Raymoghy|ps=. ""}} the other in Moville Upper Parish, [[Inishowen East]] Barony.{{Sfn|Castlecary|ps=. ""}} The castle stood in the one near Manorcunningham, but [[John Bew (historian)|Bew]] in error placed it near Moville.{{Sfn|Bew|2012|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=DyTg672rGTMC&pg=PA6 6, penultimate line]|ps=. "In fact his [i.e. Castlereagh's] Irish ancestors could be firmly traced back a further three generations to the Plantation of Ireland in the mid-sixteenth century, during which time Alexander's grandfather (known as Alexander Macaulay) obtained a plot of land at Ballylawn, near the town of Moville in County Donegal, in the north-west of Ireland."}}}} John Stewart is likely to have been a younger son of the Stewarts of Garlies in Galloway, Scotland.<ref name="FOOTNOTEJohnston1906[httpsderivnlsukdcn2395589558718823pdf 80]"/>
-Alexander's mother, whose first name is unknown, was a daughter of William Stewart of Fort Stewart, near [[Ramelton]], County Donegal.{{Sfn|Debrett|1828|p=[https://archive.org/details/debrettspeerage01debrgoog/page/n212 634, line 20]|ps=. "...&nbsp;he [William Stewart] m. [married] the da. [daughter] of William Stewart of Fort Stewart, co. Donegal&nbsp;..."}} The Stewart family background was [[Ulster Scots people|Scots-Irish]] and Presbyterian.
+Alexander's mother, whose first name is unknown, was a daughter of William Stewart of Fort Stewart, near [[Ramelton]], County Donegal.{{Sfn|Debrett|1828|p=[https://archive.org/details/debrettspeerage01debrgoog/page/n212 634, line 20]|ps=. "...&nbsp;he [William Stewart] m. [married] the da. [daughter] of William Stewart of Fort Stewart, County Donegal&nbsp;..."}} The Stewart family background was [[Ulster Scots people|Scots-Irish]] and Presbyterian.
 He appears below as the younger of two brothers:
-#Thomas (died 1740), inherited Ballylawn and pursued a military career but died childless in 1740{{Sfn|Debrett|1828|p=[https://archive.org/details/debrettspeerage01debrgoog/page/n212 634, line 26]|ps=. "Thomas, the eldest, succeeded at Ballylawn Castle and served as captain in Mountjoy's regiment; m. [married] Mary 2nd da. [daughter] of Bernard Ward, esq., (ancestor of the viscounts Bangor) by Mary sister of Michael Ward, bishop of Derry, and d. without issue, 1740, was succeeded by his only brother&nbsp;..."}}
+# Thomas (died 1740), inherited Ballylawn and pursued a military career but died childless in 1740{{Sfn|Debrett|1828|p=[https://archive.org/details/debrettspeerage01debrgoog/page/n212 634, line 26]|ps=. "Thomas, the eldest, succeeded at Ballylawn Castle and served as captain in Mountjoy's regiment; m. [married] Mary 2nd da. [daughter] of Bernard Ward, esq., (ancestor of the viscounts Bangor) by Mary sister of Michael Ward, bishop of Derry, and d. without issue, 1740, was succeeded by his only brother&nbsp;..."}}
-#'''Alexander''' (1699–1781)
+# Alexander (1699–1781)
 {{Chart top|width=auto|collapsed=no|align=right|clear=right|Family tree}}
@@ Line 35: / Line 37: @@
  |JhnSt='''John<br />Stewart'''<br />{{Midsize|d. c. 1650}}}}
 {{Tree chart| | | |!}}
-{{Tree chart| | |ChrSt|boxstyle=border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0.5em;
+{{Tree chart| | |ChlSt|boxstyle=border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0.5em;
- |ChrSt='''Charles<br />Stewart'''}}
+ |ChlSt='''Charles<br />Stewart'''}}
 {{Tree chart| | | |!}}
 {{Tree chart| | |Unkn1|boxstyle=border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0.5em;
  |Unkn1=?}}
 {{Tree chart| | | |!}}
-{{Tree chart| | | Wll | | | | | | Jhn |boxstyle=border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0.5em;
+{{Tree chart| | |WllSt| | | | | |JhnCw|boxstyle=border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0.5em;
- |Wll='''William<br />Stewart'''<br />{{Midsize|Colonel}}
+ |WllSt='''William<br />Stewart'''<br />{{Midsize|Colonel}}
- |Jhn='''John<br />Cowan'''<br />{{Midsize|Alderman<br />of Derry}}}}
+ |JhnCw='''John<br />Cowan'''<br />{{Midsize|Alderman<br />of Derry}}}}
 {{Tree chart| |,|-|^|-|.| | | |,|-|^|-|.|}}
-{{Tree chart| Thm | |Sbjct|y|MryCw| |RbCow|boxstyle=border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0.5em;
+{{Tree chart|ThmSt| |Sbjct|y|MryCw| |RbCow|boxstyle=border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0.5em;
- |Thm='''Thomas'''<br />{{Midsize|d. 1740<br />Captain}}
+ |ThmSt='''Thomas'''<br />{{Midsize|d. 1740<br />Captain}}
- |Sbjct='''Alexander'''<br />{{Midsize|1699–1781}}|boxstyle_Alxnd=border: 2px solid red; border-radius: 0.5em;
+ |Sbjct='''Alexander'''<br />{{Midsize|1699–1781}}|boxstyle_Sbjct=border: 2px solid red; border-radius: 0.5em;
  |MryCw='''Mary<br />Cowan'''<br />{{Midsize|d. 1788}}
  |RbCow=[[Robert Cowan (governor)|'''Robert<br />Cowan''']]<br />{{Midsize|d. 1737<br />Bombay<br />Governor}}|boxstyle_RbCow=border-width: 2px; border-radius: 0.5em;}}
 {{Tree chart| | | | | | |,|^|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| }}
-{{Tree chart| | S-F |y|Robrt|y|FrnPt| |AlxSt|boxstyle=border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0.5em;
+{{Tree chart| |SFrSC|y|RbtSt|y|FrnPt| |AlxSt|boxstyle=border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0.5em;
- |S-F='''Sarah<br />Frances<br />Seymour-<br />Conway'''<br />{{Midsize|1747–1770}}
+ |SFrSC='''Sarah<br />Frances<br />Seymour-<br />Conway'''<br />{{Midsize|1747–1770}}
- |Robrt=[[Robert Stewart, 1st Marquess of Londonderry|Robert<br />'''1st<br />Marquess''']]<br />{{Midsize|1739–1821}}|boxstyle_Robrt=border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0.5em; background: lavender;
+ |RbtSt=[[Robert Stewart, 1st Marquess of Londonderry|Robert<br />'''1st<br />Marquess''']]<br />{{Midsize|1739–1821}}|boxstyle_RbtSt=border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0.5em; background: lavender;
  |FrnPt='''Frances<br />Pratt'''<br />{{Midsize|c. 1751 –<br />1833}}
  |AlxSt=[[Alexander Stewart (1746–1831)|'''Alexander<br />of Ards''']]<br />{{Midsize|1746–1831}}}}
@@ Line 83: / Line 85: @@
 {{Anchor|chldrn}} <!-- Referenced by the infobox issue-link -->
 Alexander and Mary had seven children:
-#Anne (1738–1781){{Sfn|Debrett|1828|p=[https://archive.org/details/debrettspeerage01debrgoog/page/n212 634, line 51]|ps=. "Anne, b. [born] 27&nbsp;Sept. 1738, d. [died] 21&nbsp;April 1781."}}
+# Anne (1738–1781){{Sfn|Debrett|1828|p=[https://archive.org/details/debrettspeerage01debrgoog/page/n212 634, line 51]|ps=. "Anne, b. [born] 27&nbsp;Sept. 1738, d. [died] 21&nbsp;April 1781."}}
-#[[Robert Stewart, 1st Marquess of Londonderry|Robert]] (1739–1821), became the 1st&nbsp;[[Marquess of Londonderry]]{{Sfn|Debrett|1828|p=[https://archive.org/details/debrettspeerage01debrgoog/page/n212 634, line 39]|ps=. "Robert, first marquess."}}
+# [[Robert Stewart, 1st Marquess of Londonderry|Robert]] (1739–1821), became the 1st&nbsp;[[Marquess of Londonderry]]{{Sfn|Debrett|1828|p=[https://archive.org/details/debrettspeerage01debrgoog/page/n212 634, line 39]|ps=. "Robert, first marquess."}}
-#William (1741–1742){{Sfn|Debrett|1828|p=[https://archive.org/details/debrettspeerage01debrgoog/page/n212 634, line 40]|ps=. "William, b. [born] 11&nbsp;April 1741, d. [died] in 1742."}}
+# William (1741–1742){{Sfn|Debrett|1828|p=[https://archive.org/details/debrettspeerage01debrgoog/page/n212 634, line 40]|ps=. "William, b. [born] 11&nbsp;April 1741, d. [died] in 1742."}}
-#Francis (born 1742){{Sfn|Debrett|1828|p=[https://archive.org/details/debrettspeerage01debrgoog/page/n212 634, line 52]|ps=. "Francis, b. [born] 26&nbsp;Oct. 1742."}}
+# Francis (born 1742){{Sfn|Debrett|1828|p=[https://archive.org/details/debrettspeerage01debrgoog/page/n212 634, line 52]|ps=. "Francis, b. [born] 26&nbsp;Oct. 1742."}}
-#John (1744–1762){{Sfn|Debrett|1828|p=[https://archive.org/details/debrettspeerage01debrgoog/page/n212 634, line 41]|ps=. "William, b. [born] 3&nbsp;July 1744, d. [died] 1762."}}
+# John (1744–1762){{Sfn|Debrett|1828|p=[https://archive.org/details/debrettspeerage01debrgoog/page/n212 634, line 41]|ps=. "William, b. [born] 3&nbsp;July 1744, d. [died] 1762."}}
-#[[Alexander Stewart (1746–1831)|Alexander]] (1746–1831), married Mary Moore, the 3rd&nbsp;daughter of the [[Charles Moore, 1st Marquess of Drogheda|1st&nbsp;Marquess of Drogheda]]{{Sfn|Debrett|1828|p=[https://archive.org/details/debrettspeerage01debrgoog/page/n212 634, line 42]|ps=. "4. Alexander, b. [born] 26&nbsp;March 1746, m. [married] 2&nbsp;Oct. 1791, Mary Moore, 3d da. [daughter] of Charles, marquess of Drogheda (by Anne, eldest da. of Francis Seymour, 1st&nbsp;marquess of Hertford,) and d. [died] Aug. 1831&nbsp;..."}}
+# [[Alexander Stewart (1746–1831)|Alexander]] (1746–1831), married Mary Moore, the 3rd&nbsp;daughter of the [[Charles Moore, 1st Marquess of Drogheda|1st&nbsp;Marquess of Drogheda]]{{Sfn|Debrett|1828|p=[https://archive.org/details/debrettspeerage01debrgoog/page/n212 634, line 42]|ps=. "4. Alexander, b. [born] 26&nbsp;March 1746, m. [married] 2&nbsp;Oct. 1791, Mary Moore, 3d da. [daughter] of Charles, marquess of Drogheda (by Anne, eldest da. of Francis Seymour, 1st&nbsp;marquess of Hertford,) and d. [died] Aug. 1831&nbsp;..."}}
-#Mary (born 1747), died young{{Sfn|Debrett|1828|p=[https://archive.org/details/debrettspeerage01debrgoog/page/n212 634, line 53]|ps=. "Mary, b. [born] 15&nbsp;April 1747, d. [died] young."}}
+# Mary (born 1747), died young{{Sfn|Debrett|1828|p=[https://archive.org/details/debrettspeerage01debrgoog/page/n212 634, line 53]|ps=. "Mary, b. [born] 15&nbsp;April 1747, d. [died] young."}}
 == Brother's death and succession ==
-In 1740 his elder brother, Thomas, died and Alexander inherited the Ballylawn estate.
+In 1740, his elder brother Thomas died and Alexander inherited the Ballylawn estate.
 == Cowan inheritance ==
-He then acquired the rights to Robert Cowan's substantial estate. Being now rich, Stewart retired from business in 1743, and used the money from the Cowan inheritance to become a substantial landowner in [[County Down]] by buying estates at [[Comber]] and [[Newtownards]] in 1744.{{Sfn|Bew|2012|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=DyTg672rGTMC&pg=PA7 7, line 16]|ps=. "Alexander retired from business and bought into the landed gentry in 1743, with the acquisition of sixty townlands and a large estate in County Down&nbsp;..."}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/mount-stewart/features/mary-cowan |last=Watt |first=Dr Neil |title=Mary Cowan |quote=Her trustees invested, in 1744, a portion of her fortune thought to be in the region of £42000, consisting of East India Company Stock, in 'two extensive manors in County Down, Newtownards and Comber, comprising in all sixty townships, which were for sale and might be expected to yield a satisfactory return on capital investment.'}}</ref>
+He then acquired the rights to Robert Cowan's substantial estate. Being now rich, Stewart retired from business in 1743, and used the money from the Cowan inheritance to become a substantial landowner in [[County Down]] by buying estates at [[Comber]] and [[Newtownards]] in 1744.{{Sfn|Bew|2012|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=DyTg672rGTMC&pg=PA7 7, line 16]|ps=. "Alexander retired from business and bought into the landed gentry in 1743, with the acquisition of sixty townlands and a large estate in County Down&nbsp;..."}}{{Sfn|Watt|ps=. "Her trustees invested, in 1744, a portion of her fortune thought to be in the region of £42000, consisting of East India Company Stock, in 'two extensive manors in County Down, Newtownards and Comber, comprising in all sixty townships, which were for sale and might be expected to yield a satisfactory return on capital investment'."}}
 == Mount Stewart ==
-Around 1750 Alexander Stewart rebuilt a house called Mount Pleasant on his estate near Newtownards and renamed it [[Mount Stewart]].{{Sfn|Bew|2012|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=DyTg672rGTMC&pg=PA7 7, line 21]|ps=. "The family home which was built on the grounds was called Mount Stewart, an adaptation from the locations's former name, Mount Pleasant&nbsp;..."}} In 1780 Stewart commissioned the [[Mount Stewart#Temple of the Winds|Temple of the Winds]] at Mount Stewart from [[James Stuart (1713–1788)|James "Athenian" Stuart]]. This is an octagonal neo-classical building that was completed by his son Robert after his death.{{Sfn|Bew|2012|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=DyTg672rGTMC&pg=PA7 7, line 29]|ps=. "...&nbsp;the Temple of the Winds, an octagonal neo-classical building commissioned by Alexander Stewart."}}
+Around 1750, Alexander Stewart rebuilt a house called Mount Pleasant on his estate near Newtownards and renamed it [[Mount Stewart]].{{Sfn|Bew|2012|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=DyTg672rGTMC&pg=PA7 7, line 21]|ps=. "The family home which was built on the grounds was called Mount Stewart, an adaptation from the locations's former name, Mount Pleasant&nbsp;..."}} In 1780, Stewart commissioned the [[Mount Stewart#Temple of the Winds|Temple of the Winds]] at Mount Stewart from [[James Stuart (1713–1788)|James "Athenian" Stuart]]. This is an octagonal neo-classical building that was completed by his son Robert after his death.{{Sfn|Bew|2012|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=DyTg672rGTMC&pg=PA7 7, line 29]|ps=. "...&nbsp;the Temple of the Winds, an octagonal neo-classical building commissioned by Alexander Stewart."}}
 [[File:Mount Stewart08.jpg|thumb|right|The Temple of the Winds at [[Mount Stewart]], commissioned by Alexander Stewart]]
-In 1755 he was left the property of [[William Bruce (1702–1755)]], a Dublin bookseller from [[Killyleagh]], which he divided between Bruce's relations.{{Sfn|Benson|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/oxforddictionary08matt/page/336 336]|ps=. "He left his property to Alexander Stewart of Newtownards, co. Down, the father of the first marquess of Londonderry, for distribution to his relatives."}}
+In 1755, he was left the property of [[William Bruce (1702–1755)|William Bruce]], a Dublin bookseller from [[Killyleagh]], which he divided between Bruce's relations.{{Sfn|Benson|2004|p=[https://archive.org/details/oxforddictionary08matt/page/336 336]|ps=. "He left his property to Alexander Stewart of Newtownards, County Down, the father of the first marquess of Londonderry, for distribution to his relatives."}}
 == In politics ==
-In 1759 the member of the [[Parliament of Ireland]] for the [[Londonderry City (Parliament of Ireland constituency)|city of Londonderry]], [[William Scott (Irish lawyer)|William Scott]], was raised to [[Court of King's Bench (Ireland)|the bench]]. Initially [[William Hamilton (1693–1760)|William Hamilton]] was elected to succeed him, but the election was declared void. Alexander Stewart was returned in his place in April 1760, but he was also declared not duly elected. Eventually Hamilton represented the constituency from May 1760 until his death later that year.{{Sfn|House of Commons|1878|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=L1ETAAAAYAAJ&pg=659 659]|ps=. "William Hamilton, esq., in place of William Scott, Justice of the King's Bench."}}
+In 1759, the member of the [[Parliament of Ireland]] for the [[Londonderry City (Parliament of Ireland constituency)|city of Londonderry]], [[William Scott (Irish lawyer)|William Scott]], was raised to [[Court of King's Bench (Ireland)|the bench]]. Initially, [[William Hamilton (1693–1760)|William Hamilton]] was elected to succeed him, but the election was declared void. Alexander Stewart was returned in his place in April 1760, but he was also declared not duly elected. Eventually Hamilton represented the constituency from May 1760 until his death later that year.{{Sfn|House of Commons|1878|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=L1ETAAAAYAAJ&pg=659 659]|ps=. "William Hamilton, esq., in place of William Scott, Justice of the King's Bench."}}
 == Death and timeline ==
-Stewart died on 2&nbsp;April 1781 and was succeeded by his eldest son Robert.{{Sfn|Debrett|1828|p=[https://archive.org/details/debrettspeerage01debrgoog/page/n212/ 634]|ps=. "...&nbsp;[Alexander Stewart] d. [died] 2&nbsp;April 1781&nbsp;..."}}{{Sfn|Burke|1869|p=[https://archive.org/details/genealogicalhera00inburk/page/704 704, left column, line 40]|ps=. "He was s. [succeeded] at his decease, in 1781, by his eldest son, the right Hon. Robert Stewart&nbsp;..."}}
+Stewart died on 2&nbsp;April 1781 and was succeeded by his eldest son Robert.{{Sfn|Debrett|1828|p=[https://archive.org/details/debrettspeerage01debrgoog/page/n212/ 634]|ps=. "...&nbsp;[Alexander Stewart] d. [died] 2&nbsp;April 1781&nbsp;..."}}{{Sfn|Burke|1869|p=[https://archive.org/details/genealogicalhera00inburk/page/704 704, left column, line 40]|ps=. "He was s. [succeeded] at his decease, in 1781, by his eldest son, the right Hon. Robert Stewart&nbsp;..."}} The Stewart family papers are preserved in the [[Public Record Office of Northern Ireland]].{{Sfn|PRONI}}
-The Stewart family papers are preserved in the [[Public Record Office of Northern Ireland]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/c/F23938 |title=Stewart, Vane-Tempest- family, Marquesses of Londonderry, The National Archives |accessdate=8 September 2018}}</ref>
 {|{{Table|hide}}
@@ Line 129: / Line 129: @@
 |{{Age|1699|25 Oct 1760}}||''1760, 25&nbsp;Oct''||''Accession of [[George III|King George&nbsp;III]], succeeding [[George II of Great Britain|King George&nbsp;II]]''{{Sfn|Fryde|Greenway|Porter|Roy|1986|p=[https://archive.org/details/handbookofbritis0000unse/page/46/ 46, line 35]|ps=. "George&nbsp;III&nbsp;… acc. 25&nbsp;Oct. 1760;"}}
 |-
-|{{Age|1699|2 apr 1781}}||1781, 2&nbsp;Apr||Died<ref name="FOOTNOTEDebrett1828[httpsarchiveorgdetailsdebrettspeerage01debrgoogpagen212 634]"/>
+|{{Age|1699|2 Apr 1781}}||1781, 2&nbsp;Apr||Died<ref name="FOOTNOTEDebrett1828[httpsarchiveorgdetailsdebrettspeerage01debrgoogpagen212 634]"/>
 |}
 {{Clear}}
-== Notes, citations, and sources ==
+== Notes and references ==
 === Notes ===
 {{Notelist}}
@@ Line 150: / Line 150: @@
 * {{Cite book|last=Hyde |first=H. Montgomery |date=1933 |title=The Rise of Castlereagh |publisher=MacMillan |location=London |oclc=1041306416 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.77199/}}
 * {{Cite book|last=Johnston |first=G. Harvey |date=1906 |title=The Heraldry of the Stewarts |publisher=W. & A. K. Johnston |location=Edinburgh |oclc=186630114  |url=https://archive.org/details/heraldryofstewts00john/}}
+* {{Cite web|url=https://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4493734/4415074/4529491 |title=The Schools' Collection |last=Philips |first=M. |website=Dúchas |publisher=National Folklore Foundation, [[University College Dublin]]}}
+* {{Cite web|url=https://www.townlands.ie/donegal/raphoe-north/raymoghy/manorcunningham/ballylawn/ |title=Ballylawn Townland, near Manorcunningham, Co. Donegal |website=Irish Townlands |publisher=Irish OpenStreetMap Community |accessdate=8 September 2018 |ref={{SfnRef|Raymoghy}}}}
+* {{Cite web|url=https://www.townlands.ie/donegal/inishowen-east/moville-upper/castlecary/ballylawn/ |title=Ballylawn Townland, near Moville, Co. Donegal |website=Irish Townlands |publisher=Irish OpenStreetMap Community |accessdate=3 March 2019 |ref={{SfnRef|Castlecary}}}}
+* {{Cite web|url=https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/mount-stewart/features/mary-cowan |last=Watt |first=Dr Neil |title=Mary Cowan}}
+* {{Cite web|url=http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/c/F23938 |title=Vane-Tempest-Stewart family, Marquesses of Londonderry |accessdate=8 September 2018 |ref={{SfnRef|PRONI}}}}
 <!--
-==External links==
+== External links ==
+Deprecated, see list at WP:RSPSS. Preserved here for cross-checking.
 *[http://www.thepeerage.com/p5514.htm#i55132 Genealogy of Alexander Stewart on The Peerage website]
 -->
@@ Line 159: / Line 165: @@
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Stewart, Alexander}}
 [[Category:1690s births]]
+[[Category:1700s births]]
 [[Category:1781 deaths]]
 [[Category:People from County Londonderry]]