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[[File:Johann Baptist Cramer by William Sharp.jpg|thumb|Johann Baptist Cramer "drawn from Life & on Stone" by [[William Sharp (engraver)|William Sharp]]]] |
[[File:Johann Baptist Cramer by William Sharp.jpg|thumb|Johann Baptist Cramer "drawn from Life & on Stone" by [[William Sharp (engraver)|William Sharp]]]] |
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'''Johann''' (sometimes '''John''') '''Baptist Cramer''' (24 February 1771 – 16 April 1858) was |
'''Johann''' (sometimes '''John''') '''Baptist Cramer''' (24 February 1771 – 16 April 1858) was a Holy Roman Empire-born English pianist, composer and music publisher of German origin. He was the son of [[Wilhelm Cramer]], a famous [[London]] violinist and conductor, one of a numerous family who were identified with the progress of music during the 18th and 19th centuries.<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Cramer, Johann Baptist|volume=7|page=363}}</ref> |
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==Biography== |
==Biography== |
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Cramer was born in [[Mannheim]] and was brought to London as a child, where he worked for most of his musical career, lived most of his life, and died. |
Cramer was born in [[Mannheim]] and was brought to London as a child, where he worked for most of his musical career,<ref name="EB1911"/> lived most of his life, and died. |
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From 1782 to 1784, he studied [[piano]] under [[Muzio Clementi]] and soon became a renowned professional pianist both in London and on the continent. He enjoyed a worldwide reputation, and was particularly appreciated by [[Ludwig van Beethoven|Beethoven]] when he visited Vienna, concertized and competed with him. Both were considered the greatest pianists of their time, Beethoven excelling in interpretative expressiveness, Cramer in pure technical perfection. He was the English publisher of Beethoven's [[Piano Concerto No. 5 (Beethoven)|Piano Concerto No. 5]] and is credited with giving it its nickname, "The Emperor".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.answers.com/search|title=Answers - The Most Trusted Place for Answering Life's Questions|website=Answers.com|accessdate=26 July 2020}}</ref> |
From 1782 to 1784, he studied [[piano]] under [[Muzio Clementi]] and soon became a renowned professional pianist both in London and on the continent. He enjoyed a worldwide reputation, and was particularly appreciated by [[Ludwig van Beethoven|Beethoven]]<ref name="EB1911"/> when he visited Vienna, concertized and competed with him. Both were considered the greatest pianists of their time, Beethoven excelling in interpretative expressiveness, Cramer in pure technical perfection. He was the English publisher of Beethoven's [[Piano Concerto No. 5 (Beethoven)|Piano Concerto No. 5]] and is credited with giving it its nickname, "The Emperor".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.answers.com/search|title=Answers - The Most Trusted Place for Answering Life's Questions|website=Answers.com|accessdate=26 July 2020}}</ref> |
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==Legacy== |
==Legacy== |
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Cramer was one of the most renowned piano performers of his day. He met Beethoven in Vienna, initiating a mutually rewarding relationship, while renewing his friendship with [[Joseph Haydn|Haydn]]. |
Cramer was one of the most renowned piano performers of his day. He met Beethoven in Vienna, initiating a mutually rewarding relationship, while renewing his friendship with [[Joseph Haydn|Haydn]]. |
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After 1800, he was based almost exclusively in England. Following the successful example of his former teacher Clementi, he also became a successful music publisher in London. His many compositions take second place to his pianistic prowess; Beethoven considered him the finest pianist of the day from the standpoint of pure technical perfection. |
After 1800, he was based almost exclusively in England. Following the successful example of his former teacher Clementi, he also became a successful music publisher in London. His many compositions take second place to his pianistic prowess; Beethoven considered him the finest pianist of the day from the standpoint of pure technical perfection. |
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In 1818 Cramer was a founding member of the [[ |
In 1818 Cramer was a founding member of the [[Regent's Harmonic Institution]]; a music publishing firm established with the intent of raising funds for the [[Royal Philharmonic Society]] and its restoration of the [[Argyll Rooms]].<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |date=2002 |title=Regent's Harmonic Institution [Royal Harmonic Institution]|encyclopedia=[[The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians|Grove Music Online]] |series=Oxford Music Online |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|author=Leanne Langley|doi=10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.42367}}</ref> He later established his own musical instrument manufacturing and music publishing firm, [[Cramer & Co.]] in 1824. It was located at 201 Regent Street.<ref>''[[The Times]]'', 29 March 1832, p. 1.</ref> He ended his personal involvement in the company at the end of 1833, although it retained his name.<ref>[[London Gazette]], 7 March 1834, p. 414.</ref> He wrote a number of [[piano sonata|sonatas]] and other pieces for piano, and other compositions, of which his [[wikt:Études|Études]] are best known, having appeared in numerous editions. They are still considered standard didactic works for piano students. |
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His music is generally less dramatic and elegant than Clementi's, much less adventurous than [[Jan Ladislav Dussek|Dussek]]'s and far less Romantic in sentiment than the [[Frederic Chopin|Chopin]] forerunner [[John Field (composer)|John Field]]. It is stylistically conservative but replete with the most advanced, idiomatically pianistic passage-work. He wrote some 200 solo piano sonatas, about 50 sonatas for other instruments with piano accompaniment, nine [[piano concerto]]s, and chamber music. |
His music is generally less dramatic and elegant than Clementi's, much less adventurous than [[Jan Ladislav Dussek|Dussek]]'s and far less Romantic in sentiment than the [[Frederic Chopin|Chopin]] forerunner [[John Field (composer)|John Field]]. It is stylistically conservative but replete with the most advanced, idiomatically pianistic passage-work. He wrote some 200 solo piano sonatas, about 50 sonatas for other instruments with piano accompaniment, nine [[piano concerto]]s, and chamber music. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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* {{EB1911|wstitle=Cramer, Johann Baptist|volume=7|page=363}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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[[Category:1771 births]] |
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[[Category:1858 deaths]] |
[[Category:1858 deaths]] |
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[[Category:Emigrants from the Holy Roman Empire to the Kingdom of Great Britain]] |
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[[Category:18th-century classical composers]] |
[[Category:18th-century classical composers]] |
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[[Category:18th-century classical pianists]] |
[[Category:18th-century classical pianists]] |
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[[Category:19th-century classical pianists]] |
[[Category:19th-century classical pianists]] |
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[[Category:19th-century British male musicians]] |
[[Category:19th-century British male musicians]] |
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[[Category:British music publishers (people)]] |
[[Category:British music publishers (people)]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Musicians from London]] |
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[[Category:English Classical-period composers]] |
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[[Category:English classical pianists]] |
[[Category:English classical pianists]] |
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[[Category:English male classical composers]] |
[[Category:English male classical composers]] |
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[[Category:English people of German descent]] |
[[Category:English people of German descent]] |
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[[Category:English Romantic composers]] |
[[Category:English Romantic composers]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:British male classical pianists]] |
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[[Category:Musicians from London]] |
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[[Category:Pupils of Muzio Clementi]] |
[[Category:Pupils of Muzio Clementi]] |
Revision as of 05:32, 20 June 2024
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Johann_Baptist_Cramer_by_William_Sharp.jpg/220px-Johann_Baptist_Cramer_by_William_Sharp.jpg)
Johann (sometimes John) Baptist Cramer (24 February 1771 – 16 April 1858) was a Holy Roman Empire-born English pianist, composer and music publisher of German origin. He was the son of Wilhelm Cramer, a famous London violinist and conductor, one of a numerous family who were identified with the progress of music during the 18th and 19th centuries.[1]
Biography
Cramer was born in Mannheim and was brought to London as a child, where he worked for most of his musical career,[1] lived most of his life, and died.
From 1782 to 1784, he studied piano under Muzio Clementi and soon became a renowned professional pianist both in London and on the continent. He enjoyed a worldwide reputation, and was particularly appreciated by Beethoven[1] when he visited Vienna, concertized and competed with him. Both were considered the greatest pianists of their time, Beethoven excelling in interpretative expressiveness, Cramer in pure technical perfection. He was the English publisher of Beethoven's Piano Concerto No. 5 and is credited with giving it its nickname, "The Emperor".[2]
Legacy
Cramer was one of the most renowned piano performers of his day. He met Beethoven in Vienna, initiating a mutually rewarding relationship, while renewing his friendship with Haydn.
After 1800, he was based almost exclusively in England. Following the successful example of his former teacher Clementi, he also became a successful music publisher in London. His many compositions take second place to his pianistic prowess; Beethoven considered him the finest pianist of the day from the standpoint of pure technical perfection.
In 1818 Cramer was a founding member of the Regent's Harmonic Institution; a music publishing firm established with the intent of raising funds for the Royal Philharmonic Society and its restoration of the Argyll Rooms.[3] He later established his own musical instrument manufacturing and music publishing firm, Cramer & Co. in 1824. It was located at 201 Regent Street.[4] He ended his personal involvement in the company at the end of 1833, although it retained his name.[5] He wrote a number of sonatas and other pieces for piano, and other compositions, of which his Études are best known, having appeared in numerous editions. They are still considered standard didactic works for piano students.
His music is generally less dramatic and elegant than Clementi's, much less adventurous than Dussek's and far less Romantic in sentiment than the Chopin forerunner John Field. It is stylistically conservative but replete with the most advanced, idiomatically pianistic passage-work. He wrote some 200 solo piano sonatas, about 50 sonatas for other instruments with piano accompaniment, nine piano concertos, and chamber music.
His brother Franz Cramer was Master of the King's Musick from 1837 until his death in 1848.
Selected works
(→ for a complete survey cf. Thomas B. Milligan, J. B. Cramer (1771–1858): A Thematic Catalogue of His Works, Boydell and Brewer, 1994, 224 p., ISBN 0945193416)
- Sonatas in D major, A major, and G major for piano with violin and violoncello ad. lib, Op. 11 (1796)
- Piano Concerto No. 2 in D minor, Op. 16
- Grande sonate pour le piano-forte, Op. 20 (1809)[6]
- Sonata in A-flat major for piano, Op. 23, No. 1 (1799)
- 2 Sonatas for piano, Op. 27
- Sonata in A-flat major for piano, Op. 46 ("Die Jungfrau von Orleans")
- Piano Concerto No. 5 in C minor, Op. 48
- 84 Études, Opp. 30 and 40
- Keyboard Sonata in A minor ("L'Ultima"), Op. 53 (1812)
- Piano Concerto No. 7 in E major, Op. 56
- Sonata for piano in C major, Op. 57
- Keyboard Sonatas in B-flat major ("Les suivantes No. 2"), Op. 58 (1817) - Allegro spiritoso / Largo sostenuto / Rondo allegretto
- Keyboard Sonata in E minor ("Les Suivante No. 3"), Op. 59 (1817)
- Keyboard Sonata in E major ("Le Retour a Londres"), Op. 62 (1818)
- Keyboard Sonata in D minor, Op. 63 (1821)
- Introduzione ed aria all'inglese for piano, Op. 65
- Piano Quintet in E major ("Amicitia"), Op. 69 (1824) - also in a piano arrangement
- Piano Concerto No. 8 in D minor, Op. 70
- Keyboard Sonata in F major ("Il Mezzo"), Op. 74 (1827)
- Short Studies, Op. 100
- Romance et Tarantelle Brilliante (Romance in F major - Tarantelle in A Minor), Op. 101
References
- ^ a b c public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Cramer, Johann Baptist". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 363. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
- ^ "Answers - The Most Trusted Place for Answering Life's Questions". Answers.com. Retrieved 26 July 2020.
- ^ Leanne Langley (2002). "Regent's Harmonic Institution [Royal Harmonic Institution]". Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.42367.
- ^ The Times, 29 March 1832, p. 1.
- ^ London Gazette, 7 March 1834, p. 414.
- ^ [1] [dead link]
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- History of Johann Baptist Cramer Piano Maker, The Association of Blind Piano Tuners, UK Piano Page
- The complete Etudes Op. 50 (PDF)
- Free scores by Johann Baptist Cramer at the International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP)
- Grande sonate pour le piano-forte, Oeuvre 20 (Score from Sibley Music Library Digital Scores Collection)
- https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johann-Baptist-Cramer Encyclopædia Britannica
- 1771 births
- 1858 deaths
- Emigrants from the Holy Roman Empire to the Kingdom of Great Britain
- 18th-century classical composers
- 18th-century classical pianists
- 18th-century British male musicians
- 19th-century British composers
- 19th-century classical composers
- 19th-century classical pianists
- 19th-century British male musicians
- British music publishers (people)
- Musicians from London
- Composers for piano
- English Classical-period composers
- English classical pianists
- English male classical composers
- English people of German descent
- English Romantic composers
- British male classical pianists
- Pupils of Muzio Clementi