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[[File:Hunting from a Chariot, Tomb of Userhat MET DP226606.jpg|right|thumb|450px|Possible Maryannu from the Tomb of Userhet]] |
[[File:Hunting from a Chariot, Tomb of Userhat MET DP226606.jpg|right|thumb|450px|Possible Maryannu from the Tomb of Userhet]] |
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The '''Maryannu''' were a caste of [[chariot]]-mounted hereditary [[warrior]] [[nobility]] that existed in many of the societies of the [[Ancient Near East]] during the [[Bronze Age]]. ''Maryannu'' is a Hurrianized [[Old Indo-Aryan|Indo-Aryan]] word, formed by adding [[Hurrian language|Hurrian]] suffix ''-nni'' to Indo-Aryan root ''márya'', meaning "(young) man"<ref name="Dassow2014">von Dassow, Eva, (2014). "[https://www.academia.edu/7479998/Levantine_Polities_under_Mittanian_Hegemony Levantine Polities under Mittanian Hegemony]". In: Eva Cancik-Kirschbaum, Nicole Brisch and Jesper Eidem (eds.). ''Constituent, Confederate, and Conquered Space: The Emergence of the Mittani State'', p. 27</ref> or a "young warrior".<ref name="Drews">{{cite book |last1=Drews |first1=Robert|author-link=Robert Drews |title=The Coming of the Greeks: Indo-European Conquests in the Aegean and the Near East |date=1994 |publisher=Princeton University Press |location=Princeton, NJ |isbn=978-0-691-02951-1 |page=59 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fcVIcaJxgdUC&q=new+light+on+the+maryannu+as+chariot-warriors&pg=PA59 |accessdate=22 July 2019}}</ref> Philologist [[Martin Litchfield West|Martin West]] suggested that the name ''[[Meriones (mythology)|Meriones]]'', a character in Homeric epic, is "identical" to ''maryannu''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=West |first=Martin L. |title=The East Face of Helicon: West Asiatic Elements in Greek Poetry and Myth |location=Oxford |publisher=Clarendon Press |date=1997 |page=612 |isbn=0-19-815042-3}}</ref> Thus, ''Mērionēs'' would be the [[Homeric Greek]] version of the term, reflected in pre-[[Mycenaean Greece|Mycenaean]] poetic verse as ''Mārionās''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Teffeteller |first=Annette |chapter=Greek Athena and the Hittite Sungoddess of Arinna |editor1=Susan Deacy |editor2=Alexandra Villing |title=Athena in the Classical World |location=Leiden, The Netherlands |publisher=Brill |date=2001 |page=355 |doi=10.1163/9789004497290_022}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | The term is attested in the [[Amarna letters]] written by [[Haapi]]. The majority of the Maryannu had [[Semitic languages|Semitic]] and [[Hurrian language|Hurrian]] names.<ref>Drews, p. 155</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Watson |first1=Janet |last2=Khan |first2=Geoffrey |title=The Semitic Languages An International Handbook |date=2011 |publisher=De Gruyter |isbn=9783110251586 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SMzgBLT87MkC}}</ref> |
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'''Maryannu''' is an ancient word for the caste of [[chariot]]-mounted hereditary [[warrior]] [[nobility]], which existed in many of the societies of the [[Ancient Near East]] during the [[Bronze Age]]. |
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| ⚫ | The term is attested in the [[Amarna letters]] written by [[Haapi]]. |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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==Further reading== |
==Further reading== |
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* {{Cite journal |last=Abbas |first=Mohamed Raafat |title=The Maryannu in the Western Desert during the Ramesside Period |journal=Abgadiyat |volume=8 |issue=1 |date=2013 |pages=128–133 |doi=10.1163/22138609-90000015}} |
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| ⚫ | |||
* {{cite book |last1=O'Callaghan |first1=R. T. |chapter=New Light on the Maryannu as 'Chariot Warrior' |title=Jahrbuch für kleinasiatische Forschung |year=1951 |pages=309–324 |oclc=55568033 }} |
* {{cite book |last1=O'Callaghan |first1=R. T. |chapter=New Light on the Maryannu as 'Chariot Warrior' |title=Jahrbuch für kleinasiatische Forschung |year=1951 |pages=309–324 |oclc=55568033 }} |
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* {{cite journal |last1=REVIV |first1=H. |title=Some Comments on the Maryannu |journal=Israel Exploration Journal |date=1972 |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=218–228 |jstor=27925358 }} |
* {{cite journal |last1=REVIV |first1=H. |title=Some Comments on the Maryannu |journal=Israel Exploration Journal |date=1972 |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=218–228 |jstor=27925358 }} |
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{{refend}} |
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[[Category:Amarna letters]] |
[[Category:Amarna letters]] |
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[[Category:Indo-Aryan peoples]] |
[[Category:Indo-Aryan peoples]] |
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[[Category:Indo-European warfare]] |
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[[Category:Mitanni]] |
[[Category:Mitanni]] |
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[[Category:Ancient warfare]] |
[[Category:Ancient warfare]] |
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{{AncientEgypt-stub}} |
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{{AncientNearEast-stub}} |
{{AncientNearEast-stub}} |
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{{Semitic-lang-stub}} |
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Latest revision as of 01:55, 19 June 2024
The Maryannu were a caste of chariot-mounted hereditary warrior nobility that existed in many of the societies of the Ancient Near East during the Bronze Age. Maryannu is a Hurrianized Indo-Aryan word, formed by adding Hurrian suffix -nni to Indo-Aryan root márya, meaning "(young) man"[1] or a "young warrior".[2] Philologist Martin West suggested that the name Meriones, a character in Homeric epic, is "identical" to maryannu.[3] Thus, Mērionēs would be the Homeric Greek version of the term, reflected in pre-Mycenaean poetic verse as Mārionās.[4]
The term is attested in the Amarna letters written by Haapi. The majority of the Maryannu had Semitic and Hurrian names.[5][6]
See also
[edit].svg){kind=small}
References
[edit]- ^ von Dassow, Eva, (2014). "Levantine Polities under Mittanian Hegemony". In: Eva Cancik-Kirschbaum, Nicole Brisch and Jesper Eidem (eds.). Constituent, Confederate, and Conquered Space: The Emergence of the Mittani State, p. 27
- ^ Drews, Robert (1994). The Coming of the Greeks: Indo-European Conquests in the Aegean and the Near East. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 59. ISBN 978-0-691-02951-1. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
- ^ West, Martin L. (1997). The East Face of Helicon: West Asiatic Elements in Greek Poetry and Myth. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 612. ISBN 0-19-815042-3.
- ^ Teffeteller, Annette (2001). "Greek Athena and the Hittite Sungoddess of Arinna". In Susan Deacy; Alexandra Villing (eds.). Athena in the Classical World. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill. p. 355. doi:10.1163/9789004497290_022.
- ^ Drews, p. 155
- ^ Watson, Janet; Khan, Geoffrey (2011). The Semitic Languages An International Handbook. De Gruyter. ISBN 9783110251586.
Further reading
[edit]- Abbas, Mohamed Raafat (2013). "The Maryannu in the Western Desert during the Ramesside Period". Abgadiyat. 8 (1): 128–133. doi:10.1163/22138609-90000015.
- Albright, W. F. (1930). "Mitannian maryannu, " chariot-warrior ", and the Canaanite and Egyptian Equivalents". Archiv für Orientforschung. 6: 217–221. JSTOR 41661828.
- O'Callaghan, R. T. (1951). "New Light on the Maryannu as 'Chariot Warrior'". Jahrbuch für kleinasiatische Forschung. pp. 309–324. OCLC 55568033.
- REVIV, H. (1972). "Some Comments on the Maryannu". Israel Exploration Journal. 22 (4): 218–228. JSTOR 27925358.
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