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{{Short description|Japanese breed of chicken}} |
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[[file:Tomaru Roosendaal 2016.jpg|thumb|Tomaru cockerel]] |
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{{infobox poultry breed |
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The '''Tomaru''' (唐丸) is a [[breed]] of [[chicken]] originating in [[Japan]]. The breed has been imported from [[China]] and bred in Japan during the [[Tang Dynasty]].<ref name="longtailfowl">[http://longtail-fowl.com/tomaru.html article on www.longtail-fowl.com], accessed on 22 June 2019</ref> Tomarus are best known for their exceptionally long crows, which can be sustained for 12 to 25 seconds. |
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| name = Tōmaru |
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| image = Tomaru Roosendaal 2016.jpg |
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| image_size = |
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| image_alt = |
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| image_caption = |
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| status = {{ubl|[[FAO]] (2007): not at risk{{r|barb|p=72}}|[[DAD-IS]] (2022): unknown{{r|dad}}}} |
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| altname = |
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| country = Japan |
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| distribution = |
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| standard = |
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| use = |
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| weight = |
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| maleweight = 3.3 kg{{r|dad}} |
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| femaleweight = 2.1 kg{{r|dad}} |
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| colour = black |
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| skincolour = |
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| eggcolour = |
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| comb = |
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| apa = no{{r|apa}} |
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| aba = |
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| ee = yes{{r|ee}} |
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| pcgb = yes{{r|allonby|p=344}} |
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| aps = |
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| note = |
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| type = [[Chicken]] |
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| latin = Gallus gallus domesticus |
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}} |
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The '''Tōmaru''' ({{lang|ja|唐丸}}) is a Japanese [[list of chicken breeds|breed]] of [[long-crowing chicken]]. The crow may be sustained for some 25 seconds. It is one of four Japanese long-crowing breeds, the others being the Koeyoshi, the Kurokashiwa and the Tōtenkō.{{r|allonby|p=344|roberts|p2=332}} |
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The breed appears in a single variety with black plumage and a typical greenish sheen. The body is broad and compact with a full breast. The legs are grey. The ears and face are red.<ref name="longtailfowl"/> The crow has two syllables and lowers its frequency towards the end. The tail is long and can reach the ground with the sickle tips. Therefore the Tomaru is also classified as a long-tailed breed. |
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== |
== History == |
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* {{cite book |title=Choosing and Keeping Chickens |last=Graham |first=Chris |year=2006 |publisher=Octopus Publishing |location=2-4 Heron Quays London E14 4JP |isbn=978-0-7938-0601-0 }} |
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The Tōmaru is thought to have originated in China at the time of the [[Tang dynasty]]; the [[kanji]] character {{lang|ja|唐}}, 'tou', represents that dynasty.{{r|julia}} |
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The Tomaru was registered as a [[Japanese natural monument]] of [[Niigata Prefecture]] in 1939.{{r|faocr|p=101}} |
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The Tōmaru has only one [[list of chicken colours|colour]], black with a greenish sheen.{{r|allonby|p=344}} The body is broad and compact with a full breast. The tail is held low, but higher than horizontally; although the [[list of chicken feathers|sickle feathers]] may be long enough to touch the ground, this is not usually considered a long-tailed breed.{{r|julia}} The feet and shanks are dark slate-grey.{{r|julia}} The comb is single. The ears and face are red, sometimes with dark markings; in hens the face may be entirely black.{{r|allonby|p=344}} |
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== References == |
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{{commonscat}} |
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{{reflist|refs= |
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<ref name=allonby>J. Ian H. Allonby, Philippe B. Wilson (editors) (2018). [https://books.google.it/books?id=A6BtDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA489&hl=en ''British Poultry Standards: complete specifications and judging points of all standardized breeds and varieties of poultry as compiled by the specialist breed clubs and recognised by the Poultry Club of Great Britain''], seventh edition. Chichester; Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley Blackwell. {{isbn|9781119509141}}.</ref> |
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<ref name=apa>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171104135004/http://www.amerpoultryassn.com/PDF%20Forms/APA%20Recognized%20Breeds%20and%20Varieties%20Sept2012.pdf APA Recognized Breeds and Varieties: As of January 1, 2012]. American Poultry Association. Archived 4 November 2017.</ref> |
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<ref name=barb>Barbara Rischkowsky, Dafydd Pilling (editors) (2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20200623201209/http://www.fao.org/3/a1250e/annexes/List%20of%20breeds%20documented%20in%20the%20Global%20Databank%20for%20Animal%20Genetic%20Resources/List_breeds.pdf List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources], annex to [https://web.archive.org/web/20170110125634/http://www.fao.org/3/a-a1250e.pdf ''The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture'']. Rome: Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. {{isbn|9789251057629}}. Archived 23 June 2020.</ref> |
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<ref name=dad>[https://dadis-breed-datasheet-ext-ws.firebaseapp.com/?country=JPN&specie=Chicken&breed=Tomaru&lang=en Breed data sheet: Tomaru / Japan (Chicken)]. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed July 2022.</ref> |
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<ref name=ee>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130616062803/http://www.entente-ee.com/deutsch/sparten/gefluegel/dateien/2013/Verzeichnis%20R%20F%2028042013.xls Liste des races et variétés homologuée dans les pays EE (28.04.2013)]. Entente Européenne d’Aviculture et de Cuniculture. Archived 16 June 2013.</ref> |
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<ref name=faocr>[https://www.fao.org/3/a1250e/annexes/CountryReports/Japan.pdf ''Country Report (For FAO State of the World’s Animal Genetic Resources Process)'']. Tsukuba: Animal Genetic Resources Laboratory, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences. {{ISBN|9789251057629}}. Annex to: Barbara Rischkowsky, Dafydd Pilling (editors) (2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20170110125634/http://www.fao.org/3/a-a1250e.pdf ''The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture'']. Rome: Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. {{isbn|9789251057629}}. Archived 10 January 2017.</ref> |
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<ref name=julia>Julia Keeling ([n.d.). [https://web.archive.org/web/20180202061142/http://longtail-fowl.com/tomaru.html Tomaru (Toumaru) 唐丸鶏]. Asian Hardfeather Club. Archived 2 February 2018.</ref> |
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<ref name=roberts>Victoria Roberts (2008). [https://books.google.it/books?id=nAfyUHY42u0C&hl=en ''British Poultry Standards: complete specifications and judging points of all standardized breeds and varieties of poultry as compiled by the specialist breed clubs and recognised by the Poultry Club of Great Britain''], sixth edition. Oxford: Blackwell. {{isbn|9781405156424}}.</ref> |
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}} |
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==See also== |
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* [[List of chicken breeds]] |
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{{Long-crowing chickens}} |
{{Long-crowing chickens}} |
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{{Chicken breeds of Japan}} |
{{Chicken breeds of Japan}} |
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[[Category:Chicken breeds]] |
[[Category:Chicken breeds]] |
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[[Category:Chicken breeds originating in Japan]] |
[[Category:Chicken breeds originating in Japan]] |
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Latest revision as of 03:57, 14 June 2024
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| Conservation status | |
|---|---|
| Country of origin | Japan |
| Traits | |
| Weight | |
| Colour | black |
| Classification | |
| APA | no[3] |
| EE | yes[4] |
| PCGB | yes[5]: 344 |
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The Tōmaru (唐丸) is a Japanese breed of long-crowing chicken. The crow may be sustained for some 25 seconds. It is one of four Japanese long-crowing breeds, the others being the Koeyoshi, the Kurokashiwa and the Tōtenkō.[5]: 344 [6]: 332
History
[edit]The Tōmaru is thought to have originated in China at the time of the Tang dynasty; the kanji character 唐, 'tou', represents that dynasty.[7]
The Tomaru was registered as a Japanese natural monument of Niigata Prefecture in 1939.[8]: 101
Characteristics
[edit]The Tōmaru has only one colour, black with a greenish sheen.[5]: 344 The body is broad and compact with a full breast. The tail is held low, but higher than horizontally; although the sickle feathers may be long enough to touch the ground, this is not usually considered a long-tailed breed.[7] The feet and shanks are dark slate-grey.[7] The comb is single. The ears and face are red, sometimes with dark markings; in hens the face may be entirely black.[5]: 344
References
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tomaru.
- ^ Barbara Rischkowsky, Dafydd Pilling (editors) (2007). List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources, annex to The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Rome: Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN 9789251057629. Archived 23 June 2020.
- ^ a b c Breed data sheet: Tomaru / Japan (Chicken). Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed July 2022.
- ^ APA Recognized Breeds and Varieties: As of January 1, 2012. American Poultry Association. Archived 4 November 2017.
- ^ Liste des races et variétés homologuée dans les pays EE (28.04.2013). Entente Européenne d’Aviculture et de Cuniculture. Archived 16 June 2013.
- ^ a b c d J. Ian H. Allonby, Philippe B. Wilson (editors) (2018). British Poultry Standards: complete specifications and judging points of all standardized breeds and varieties of poultry as compiled by the specialist breed clubs and recognised by the Poultry Club of Great Britain, seventh edition. Chichester; Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley Blackwell. ISBN 9781119509141.
- ^ Victoria Roberts (2008). British Poultry Standards: complete specifications and judging points of all standardized breeds and varieties of poultry as compiled by the specialist breed clubs and recognised by the Poultry Club of Great Britain, sixth edition. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 9781405156424.
- ^ a b c Julia Keeling ([n.d.). Tomaru (Toumaru) 唐丸鶏. Asian Hardfeather Club. Archived 2 February 2018.
- ^ Country Report (For FAO State of the World’s Animal Genetic Resources Process). Tsukuba: Animal Genetic Resources Laboratory, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences. ISBN 9789251057629. Annex to: Barbara Rischkowsky, Dafydd Pilling (editors) (2007). The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Rome: Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN 9789251057629. Archived 10 January 2017.