Solymár: Difference between revisions

Solymár

Schaumar
Solymár Schaumar
	Solymár Location of Solymár
	Coordinates: 47°35′28″N 18°55′44″E / 47.591°N 18.929°E
Country	Hungary
County	Pest County
Area
• Total	17.86 km2 (6.90 sq mi)
Population (2005)
• Total	9,455
• Density	567/km2 (1,470/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code	2083
Area code	26

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Solymár (German: Schaumar) is an urban village in northwest of Budapest metropolitan area, bordering the 3rd and 2nd districts of the city, as well as Nagykovácsi, Pilisszentiván, Pilisvörösvár, Csobánka, Pilisborosjenő, and Üröm. Its picturesque surroundings (hills to the south and east, the highest point is Zsíroshegy at 424m) and good accessibility the 64, 64A, 164, 264, 157 and 964 city buses from Hűvösvölgy, 218 from Óbuda, a train from Budapest Nyugati, and coaches from Árpád-híd) made it a desirable destination for affluent city-dwellers moving to suburban homes outside of Budapest from the mid-1990s.

History/people

The name of the village is first mentioned in a charter by Béla IV dated 5 May 1266, as Solomar. The most likely etymology of the name is Hungarian solymár (more commonly solymász): ‘falconer’, i.e., the place where the royal falconers live. (Several neighbouring villages were named similarly.) The village prospered during the following centuries and probably hosted a royal hunting castle (Szarkavár), which burnt down after 1561. The advance of the Ottoman Empire left the village deserted after 1580.

The village was uninhabited until the first new settlers arrived around 1700; first Serbians and Bulgarians migrated from the south, to escape the withdrawing Ottoman forces. Soon afterward came Bavarian immigrants,^[1] recruited by the monarchy from Habsburg and similar southern provinces along the Danube. The Crown paid their transportation and assisted in their getting settled in Hungary; the newcomers were promised they could retain their language and religion (generally Roman Catholic). The monarchy wanted to resettle the area and knew the Germans could restore farmlands along the Danube. Because the settlers continued to speak a form of German and maintained their cultural and religious traditions, they were called die Donauschwaben (Danube Swabians). Their descendants, who were citizens of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and succeeding governments, later formed the great majority of the population in this area and called the village Schaumar in German.

During World War II, Adolf Hitler appealed to ethnic Germans in other countries, no matter how long they had resided there. In some areas, ethnic Germans supported his program, but in many cases had loyalty to where they were living. Because part of the Nazi rationale for war was to unite all ethnic Germans and oppress and exterminate other populations, many eastern European countries, such as Hungary, Poland and the Soviet Union, expelled ethnic Germans after the war. About half the population of Solymár was deported to Germany in 1946 as a collective punishment as part of that massive displacement. More than 330 households in Solymár were vacated.

The empty houses were occupied by ethnic Hungarians relocated from other parts of the country (mainly Mezőkövesd), as well as refugees from Transylvania. In later years, ethnic Hungarians deported from Czechoslovakia arrived. Together with the large-scale migration of people from Budapest in the past decades of suburbanization, ethnic Germans have become a minority of the population. Since 1990 the deportation has been commemorated; a memorial was installed at Templom tér.

Attractions

Historic Catholic church and other buildings in the village
Hilltop ruins of a castle
Budapest War Cemetery^[2] contains 173 Commonwealth burials of the Second World War, all of them airmen whose graves were brought in from sites all over Hungary after the war, plus a single First World War burial. The cemetery also contains one French and 37 Polish War Graves.
On the slope of Zsiros Hill is the opening to the Devil's Hole Cave (Ördöglyuk-barlang), an extensive system approximately 3 kilometres long. It is possible for experienced spelunkers to explore the caves with a guide, but it is not otherwise accessible.

Population

As of 2022, there are 11,220 residents,^[3] mainly ethnic Hungarians, with a minority of ethnic Germans.

Mayors

1990–1994: Péter Dercsényi (Alliance of Free Democrats (SZDSZ))
1994–2006: László Enczmann (independent)
2006–2010: Kálmán Szente (independent)
2010–2024: Kálmán Szente (FIDESZ-KDNP)
2024– : Péter Zlinszky (TESO/Let’s Act Together for Solymár Association)

References

Seres István, "Solymár története és néprajza", Solymár, 1993

External links

Solymár, Official website (in Hungarian)
Forum, Index.hu (in Hungarian)

[1] "Bayerische Auswanderer im 18. Jh. Nach Ungarn | Bayerischer Landesverein für Familienkunde e.V."

[2] Budapest War Cemetery on CWGC website

[3] ttps://www.citypopulation.de/en/hungary/pest/pilisv%C3%B6r%C3%B6sv%C3%A1r/07384__solym%C3%A1r/

[1]

[2]

[3]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{distinguish|Solymar, Uruguay}}
 {{Infobox settlement <!--more fields are available for this Infobox--See Template:Infobox Settlement-->
-|coordinates_display = inline,title
-|coordinates_region = HU
 |subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]]
 |subdivision_name       = {{HUN}}
@@ Line 13: / Line 12: @@
 |pushpin_mapsize        =|
-official_name=Solymár<br />Schaumar|
+official_name=Solymár|other_name=Schaumar|
 map=<!--<div style="position: relative">[[File:PestMegye.png|275px]]<div style="position: absolute; left: 110px; top: 60px">[[File:Red_Dot.gif]]</div></div>-->|
 subdivision_type1=[[Counties of Hungary|County]]|
-subdivision_name1=[[Pest county|Pest]]|
+subdivision_name1=[[Pest County]]|
 population_as_of=2005|
 area_total_km2=17.86|
 population_total=9455|
-population_density_km2=529395|
+population_density_km2=567|
 postal_code_type=[[Postal code]]|
 postal_code=2083|
-area_code=26|
+area_code=26
+|coordinates            = {{coord|47.591|18.929|region:HU|display=inline,title}}
-latd=47.591|
-longd=18.929
 }}
-'''Solymár''' ({{lang-de|Schaumar}}) is a village northwest of [[Budapest]], beyond the 3rd and 2nd districts of the city: [[Nagykovácsi]], [[Pilisszentiván]], [[Pilisvörösvár]], [[Csobánka]], [[Pilisborosjenő]], and [[Üröm]].  Its picturesque surroundings (hills to the south and east, the highest point is [[Zsíroshegy]] at 424m) and good accessibility (the 64 and 164 city buses from [[Hűvösvölgy]], a train from [[Budapest Nyugati pályaudvar|Budapest Nyugati]], and coaches from [[Árpád-híd]]) have made it a primary destination for prosperous city-dwellers moving to new homes outside of Budapest during the early 2000s.
+'''Solymár''' ({{lang-de|Schaumar}}) is an [[urban village]] in northwest of [[Budapest]] metropolitan area, bordering the 3rd and 2nd districts of the city, as well as [[Nagykovácsi]], [[Pilisszentiván]], [[Pilisvörösvár]], [[Csobánka]], [[Pilisborosjenő]], and [[Üröm]].  Its picturesque surroundings (hills to the south and east, the highest point is [[Zsíroshegy]] at 424m) and good accessibility the 64, 64A, 164, 264, 157 and 964 city buses from [[Hűvösvölgy]], 218 from [[Óbuda]], a train from [[Budapest Nyugati pályaudvar|Budapest Nyugati]], and coaches from [[Árpád-híd]]) made it a desirable destination for affluent city-dwellers moving to suburban homes outside of Budapest from the mid-1990s.
-[[File:solymari templom.jpg|thumb|250px|left|The Catholic church in Templom tér, likely 18th c.]]
 ==History/people==
-The name of the village is first mentioned in a charter by [[Béla IV]] dated 5 May 1266, as '''Solomar'''.  The most likely etymology of the name is [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] ''solymár'' (more commonly ''solymász''): "[[falconer]]", i.e., the place where the royal falconers live.  (Several neighbouring villages were named similarly.)  The village prospered during the following centuries and probably hosted a royal hunting castle ([[Szarkavár]]), which burnt down after 1561. The advance of the [[Ottoman Empire]] left the village deserted after 1580.
+The name of the village is first mentioned in a charter by [[Béla IV]] dated 5 May 1266, as '''Solomar'''.  The most likely etymology of the name is [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] ''solymár'' (more commonly ''solymász''): ‘[[Falconry|falconer]]’, i.e., the place where the royal falconers live.  (Several neighbouring villages were named similarly.)  The village prospered during the following centuries and probably hosted a royal hunting castle ([[Szarkavár]]), which burnt down after 1561. The advance of the [[Ottoman Empire]] left the village deserted after 1580.
+[[File:Solymár - Castle.jpg|300px|thumb|left|Solymár - Remains of castle, from above]]
-The village was uninhabited until the first new settlers arrived around 1700; first [[Serbians]] and [[Bulgarians]] migrated from the south, to escape the withdrawing Ottoman forces. Soon afterward came German immigrants, recruited by the monarchy from Bavaria and similar southern provinces along the Danube. The Crown paid their transportation and assisted in their getting settled in Hungary; the newcomers were promised they could retain their language and religion (generally [[Roman Catholic]]).  The monarchy wanted to resettle the area and knew the Germans could restore farmlands along the Danube.  Because the settlers continued to speak a form of German and maintained their cultural and religious traditions, they were called ''die Donauschwaben'' ([[Danube Swabian]]s).  Their descendants, who were citizens of the Hungarian Empire and succeeding governments, later formed the great majority of the population in this area and called the village ''Schaumar'' in German.
+The village was uninhabited until the first new settlers arrived around 1700; first [[Serbians]] and [[Bulgarians]] migrated from the south, to escape the withdrawing Ottoman forces. Soon afterward came Bavarian immigrants,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.blf-online.de/termin/306 | title=Bayerische Auswanderer im 18. Jh. Nach Ungarn &#124; Bayerischer Landesverein für Familienkunde e.V. }}</ref> recruited by the monarchy from Habsburg and similar southern provinces along the Danube. The Crown paid their transportation and assisted in their getting settled in Hungary; the newcomers were promised they could retain their language and religion (generally [[Roman Catholic]]).  The monarchy wanted to resettle the area and knew the Germans could restore farmlands along the Danube.  Because the settlers continued to speak a form of German and maintained their cultural and religious traditions, they were called ''die Donauschwaben'' ([[Danube Swabian]]s).  Their descendants, who were citizens of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and succeeding governments, later formed the great majority of the population in this area and called the village ''Schaumar'' in German.
+[[File:solymari templom.jpg|thumb|250px|left|The Catholic church in Templom tér, built 1782–1785]]
+During [[World War II]], [[Adolf Hitler]] appealed to ethnic Germans in other countries, no matter how long they had resided there.  In some areas, ethnic Germans supported his program, but in many cases had loyalty to where they were living.  Because part of the Nazi rationale for war was to unite all ethnic Germans and oppress and exterminate other populations, many eastern European countries, such as Hungary, Poland and the Soviet Union, expelled ethnic Germans after the war.  About half the population of Solymár was deported to Germany in 1946 as a collective punishment as part of that massive displacement.  More than 330 households in Solymár were vacated.
+The empty houses were occupied by ethnic Hungarians relocated from other parts of the country (mainly [[Mezőkövesd]]), as well as refugees from [[Transylvania]]. In later years, ethnic Hungarians deported from [[Czechoslovakia]] arrived.  Together with the large-scale migration of people from Budapest in the past decades of [[suburbanization]], ethnic Germans have become a minority of the population.  Since 1990 the deportation has been commemorated; a memorial was installed at Templom tér.
-During [[World War II]], [[Adolf Hitler]] appealed to ethnic Germans in other countries, no matter how long they had resided there.  In some areas, ethnic Germans supported his program, but in many cases had loyalty to where they were living.  Because part of the Nazi rationale for war was to unite all ethnic Germans and oppress and exterminate other populations, many eastern European countries, such as Hungary, Poland and the Soviet Union, expelled ethnic Germans after the war.  About half the population of Solymár was deported to Germany in 1946 as a collective punishment as part of that massive displacement.  More than 330 households in Solymár were vacated.
-The empty houses were occupied by ethnic Hungarians relocated from other parts of the country (mainly [[Mezőkövesd]]), as well as refugees from [[Transylvania]]. In later years, ethnic Hungarians deported from [[Czechoslovakia]] arrived.  Together with the large-scale migration of people from Budapest in the past decade of [[suburbanization]], ethnic Germans have become a minority of the population.  Since 1990 the deportation has been commemorated; a memorial was installed at Templom tér.
 ==Attractions==
+[[File:kitelepitesi emlekmu.jpg|thumb|250px|right|The Deportation Memorial in Templom tér]]
 *Historic Catholic church and other buildings in the village
 *Hilltop ruins of a castle
+*Budapest War Cemetery<ref>[http://www.cwgc.org/find-a-cemetery/cemetery/54325/BUDAPEST%20WAR%20CEMETERY Budapest War Cemetery on CWGC website]</ref>  contains 173 [[Commonwealth War Graves Commission|Commonwealth burials]] of the Second World War, all of them airmen whose graves were brought in from sites all over Hungary after the war, plus a single First World War burial. The cemetery also contains one French and 37 Polish War Graves.
 *On the slope of Zsiros Hill is the opening to the Devil's Hole Cave (''Ördöglyuk-barlang''), an extensive system approximately 3 kilometres long.  It is possible for experienced spelunkers to explore the caves with a guide, but it is not otherwise accessible.
-[[File:kitelepitesi emlekmu.jpg|thumb|250px|left|The Deportation Memorial in Templom tér]]
 ==Population==
-There are 9455 residents, mainly ethnic Hungarians, with a minority of ethnic Germans.
+As of 2022, there are 11,220 residents,<ref>https://www.citypopulation.de/en/hungary/pest/pilisv%C3%B6r%C3%B6sv%C3%A1r/07384__solym%C3%A1r/</ref> mainly ethnic Hungarians, with a minority of ethnic Germans.
 ==Mayors==
 *1990&ndash;1994: Péter Dercsényi ([[Alliance of Free Democrats]] (SZDSZ))
 *1994&ndash;2006: László Enczmann (independent)
-*2006&ndash;    : [http://www.szentekalman.hu Kálmán Szente] (independent)
+*2006&ndash;2010: [http://www.szentekalman.hu Kálmán Szente] (independent)
+*2010&ndash;2024: [http://www.szentekalman.hu Kálmán Szente] (FIDESZ-KDNP)
+*2024&ndash;    :  [https://www.tesoegyesulet.hu/ Péter Zlinszky] (TESO/Let’s Act Together for Solymár Association)
 ==References==
@@ Line 65: / Line 64: @@
 *[http://forum.index.hu/Article/showArticle?t=9099166 Forum], Index.hu (in Hungarian)
+{{authority control}}
-[[File:Solymár - Castle.jpg|300px|thumb|left|Solymár - Remains of castle, from above]]
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Solymar}}
 [[Category:Populated places in Pest County]]
 [[Category:Hungarian German communities]]
-[[Category:Danube Swabian communities]]
-[[es:Solymár]]
-[[eo:Solymár]]
-[[fr:Solymár]]
-[[it:Solymár]]
-[[hu:Solymár]]
-[[nl:Solymár]]
-[[sk:Solymár]]

Authority control databases
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